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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 19, 1919)
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 10, 1919. if't ' " f ' f 1 I S ' 1 ' i't I Z 'KX V , t f .t . I- nrtru... 'V- i j , - . . " f , .mm--''?".-' - 1"? - ' ' J (.. -'i;.'V-v,V' w .1 tfj ' sir-: . . Priceless Jewels and Carvings Discovered Africa, and Held Awaiting the War's End, Now on Their Way to the Peabody Museum at Harvard University How the Revelations Were Made l- . . . C ..V" . -. ..'V ! t'. 1 Mr k: v i r: .-.r 5 V.'- i W -J In Ome of the Futtaatle Flimm of m Warrior Dlevcrc4 mt GuanL ":'v II III - - III! ! '"'.?- '.W An Ethiopian Prlaeeu Carved la Irory. Oao of the Moat Valuable "Find" at Gimmil. 0 m-x - s 3" v .A' v - - rl ' ' Vtamrea of Aaelent Afrieam Warriors Shews Im One of the Tablets. I ", h-s ij. -.'.-. . . . r- - J H III aMliJsaaBs1lsbsia I m i . . TrihOil Chief, with the Tribal Slarfca Showlas Over the Efca. Broue Jewel Boxi Contalalna; Goll Rlasra, Beloasrla to the Third Century. HtTKTREDS of boxes of prtcelesa relics, which reve.l the might and glory of a civilization which previously has been but partially Identified, symbols of a civilization of the Libyan desert, which long- bad I been held in heavily guarded storage In Cairo. Egypt, pending the end of the war, have been released by the coming of peace, and are at last on their way to their final resting place in the Peabody museum of Harvard university. At the time this unexpected an nouncement was made decently to the old graduates of Harvard suc cessful business and professional men of every part of America and of other distant lands, who are conducting a campaign to raise $11,000,000 for the Harvard endowment fund regretful announcement was made that the dis coverer of these ancient examples of African culture. Dr. Oric Bates, will not be at Harvard to receive them. A Kew I. ink. With Prehistoric Past. War on the modern eivilirationa represented on the battle fields of yesterday interfered and delayed in various ways this long hoped-for link ing of the prehistoric past with his toric Egypt, and. in a way, also as sisted toward the discovery. Oric Bates, before he became cura tor of African archaeology and eth nology of Harvard, had begun excava tions in the Libyan desert near the Tripolitan frontier Of Egypt. When, in 1914, he returned to continue his work for Harvard, fighting in this refcion in October, 1914, caused him to shift the scene of his activities and discover, in the mounds near the ham let of Garomai, five leagues south of tha Wady Haifa, the first confirma tions of previous conjectures con nected with the prehistorio culture of ine rs lie valley. However. when the excavations .were completed with the finding of priceless jewels, weapons and uten sils and a great amount of historic ally invaluable material in the sep ulchres, submarine warfare, then at its height, precluded the transfer of single relic, with the result that they were stored in Cairo. The noted ethnologist, declined, to remain with his treasure in such stressful times, i and, leaving them with his associates, ! he returned to the United States. Then, although he had a family, he went into training for active service at Camp Zachary Taylor at Louis ville, Ky., where he died October 8. 1918, only shortly before the signing of the armistice which was to release, eventually, the treasure boxes for transportation to the United States. Modern archaeologists long had sought substantiation for the con jectural recordings relative to a fierce and predatory people called Blem myes, of wild, mauraudlng habits, which before the division of the Ro man empire and thereafter to an even greater extent, constantly plundered and laid waste the lands of the peace ful Egyptians on their southern fron tier, coming from the desert to the south and east. - Strange Nnbiaa Graves. In the finding of a few nnnsnal Nubian graves of no great richness, these archaeologists had sought to recognise and identify the remains of these troublesome nomads, but their identification through this medium remained doubtful and the Blemmyes remained more or less mythological in the historical clouds. Dr. Bates, however, believed that the mounds at Gamznai would prove fruitful because mound burials were unknown among the historic Egyptians and he consid ered it reasonable to believe that these barrows were monuments be longing to foreign Intruders of the Nubian Nile. Accordingly, Dr. Bates went to this region, and through the courtesy of officials of the Sudanese government was allowed to use as his headquar ters an old fort, which, in November, 1914, when he arrived there, was nsed as a rest-house. The old fort was situated ona lofty spur of the des ert hills which at that point ran al most to the river's edge. The loca tion was ideal, the islet&v ledges and the sandbars of the second cataract being in clear view for miles and the small, dusty plain with its cluster of mounds, scattered mud dwellings of a small Nubian village and the for bidding hills covered with sanded rocks and boulders stretching out In view as on a map. There was difficulty in securing ample labor in the sparsely settled district which never was fully over come, but, nevertheless, work was begun at once in lifting the mounds and clearing the recent surface of the surrounding area, Dr. Bates judg merit soon was substantiated, for with the lifting of the deposits of centuries the mounds were revealed as graves, rich in relics and revela tions of the distant past when the Blemmyes came from the desert, laid waste and carried off that which they wanted from the possessions of the peaceful people of the quiet NU valley. The storehouse of history the an cient graves -were covered by mounds which varied from 5 to SO meters in diameter and between one and five meters high. These bad been erected over burial chambers cut in the hard alluvium of the plain. As usual, it was found, as in practically all graves of the desert region, that they had been anciently plundered. The care lessness and Indifference of the rob bers, however, had left a mass of ma terial from which the nature and age of the tombs was established quickly and without doubt as those of chief. tains of the fierce Blemmyes. Rare Treasures Are Found. Thus at a single stroae Dr. Bates mad an addition to the knowledge of the ethnography of northeast Africa during the first century of the Chris tian era and the internal history of the great and opulent- kingdom which for centuries anciently dominated what Is now Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Almost dally. It seemed to the ar chaeologists, new chapters were added and aoon after the opening of the graves tbfe explorers were assured that the finds would exceed their greatest hopes. Details of the many discoveries are too numerous to be recorded except In great volumes, but few outstanding examples of the good fortune attending the expedi tion may be revealed. The Blemmyes. nomadic, fierce and predatory though they were, un doubtedly lived in splendor and en joyed a wealth of things artistic and oeauttruL Their age evidently was one of grandeur. One cannot tell un til the treasure of relics has arrived and maybe not in detail then, what was their religion. The gorgeousness of the courts of the chieftains, how ever. Is revealed. The Blemmyes un doubtedly were a valorous people, traveling far from their centers of habitation to plunder other peoples. because the graves themselves appar- ". -1 - i'lii Mound C nt Ml, While It Was Being Cleared. entry are far distant from the desert "cities." Certain it Is that their life was romantlo and that they bedecked their persons with rich jewels of ex quisite design and cuttings is shown by one find made by Dows Dunham, a friend of Dr. aBtea. who carried the latter'a work to its conclusion when be left for the service of his country in which he was to die. Working In one of the largest mounds with the lightly-clad Nubians. Mr. Dunham happened upon one of the rarest treasures secured by the expedition. This was a wonderful re pousee brense jewel box. and Its con nection with the far-distant Mediter ranean through its Hellenistic design based on an Alexandrian model is .so striking as to deserve emphasis. When the explorer unlocked the box he found Its lid firmly rusted home, but when it finally was opened it re vealed a veritable treasure of gold rings, plain and jeweled, and, among these, a solid gold scepter head of a design sometimes portrayed in the famous Meroitlc sculptures. Four of the rings were of plain gold and four had uninscrlbed bezels. One gold ring mounted a glowing, green, table-cut jewel. Four other gold rings were-heavler and had been made with very large besets en which were exquisitely-cut intaglios. Lastly was revealed the solid gold ecepter head. All gave token of the one-time splen dor and grandeur of the buried Blem my chieftains and their courts. Tokens of a Great Splmdor. In addition to the Blemmy mound graves other remains were discovered. These Included a Meroitlc cemetery of the first century B. C and a ceme tery which embraced one of those rare finds, an unplundered grave rich in pottery and bronses. North of this site were several Egyptian graves of the new empire and. in turn. 15 burials of the archaic period were discovered. These were contemporary with the early dynastlo times In Egypt. This later revelation proved of rare interest to the archae ologists, as no such remains had been found before so far south. In the latter graves the excavators found evidence of another medium of splendor other than jewels and gold. These were capes and caps of bril liant feathers. About the shoulders of one skeleton had been thrown a rich, cape, the feathers having been Imbedded in a resinous gum spread thinly over a surface of cloth. The head of a second skeleton once had been covered with a cap of feathers similarly made. Part of the big $11, 000. COO endow, ment fund to be raised for Harvard university will be used to record and diffuse knowledge of the Blemmyes and other-day civilizations and make them available for all. PRINCESS DAHLIA IS RIVAL OF QUEEN ROSE IN PORTLANDS FLORAL COURT Local Gardens Show Astounding Selection of Gorgeous Flowers and New Varieties Are Yearly Being Origi x nated in Commercial Gardens in the City. (Continued From Flnt Pare.) simplest of experiments of this kind are crowned with amazing blooms. Dahlia Lore Rivals r 1 ry Ttole. Delvera Into dahlia lore have ma terial at their disposal rivaling the most imaginative of fairy tales. One hundred and twenty-seven years ago the dahlia waa practically unknown as a garden flower. The first mention of the flower was in the work by Franciscan Hernandez, physician to I hllip II of Spain, on the plants and animals of New Spain, or Mexico, pub lished In 1615. The -single yellow dahlia of the sandy Mexican plains of that day would be extremely out of place among today's aristocracy, for great changes have happened In the family since they started their wan derings from their native home more than a century ago. When the dahlia first went to En rope . in 1779 it Immediately began changing shape. It liked tha new climate and by 1814 had actually doubled in else, and Its name was changed from the Mexican one of aeoctii to dahlia In honor of Andrew W. Dahl, a Swedish botanist who was a friend of Linnaeus. France enjoyed the first fruits of dahlia development, for as soon as the flower became dou ble it was planted In the gardens at Iouvaln. Here it attracted the at tention of great ladies and tha Em press Josephine declared that it waa her favorite flower and planted them It. the Malmaison with her own hands Flower Had Noble Admirers. The empress was selfish in her ad miration for the new flower and would allow no one to have either root, flower 'or seed of her favorite. A foolish prince determined to out wlth the express and he hired some one to steal 100 varieties from her garden. This ended the empress interest In the flower, but her loss was the gain of the world. The Marchioness of Bute Introduced It from Spain to England and by ltH the Royal Horticultural society had developed 60 varieties. As early as 1841 the English had created 1200 kinds and now there are thousands of varieties. The city which can at tain for itself the enviable name that Portland has in the world of the dahlia is destined for a great deal of advertising publicity and also busi ness in this respect, for the lovers of that flower will come from all over the world to see the flower in Its nltlmate perfection as reached here. True lovers of the flower have ample precedent for their affection. . Varieties Are In "Vast JV ambers. Just a few of the varieties rooghly enumerated will serve to give a faint idea of the great selection possible. They come in all shapes and sixes and In almost every possible type of petal formation, ranging from the tiny pompoms and single varieties to the huge cactus, fancy and show flowers as well as the peony-flowered types. There seems to be no limit in the cross - flowers and colors, though nearly all of the clan seem to have ray-shaped flowers and It has been proven that their relations, are sun flowers, zinnias, marigolds, gallardias, dandelions and ageratum. Though the dahlia has at present been brought up to a high state of de velopment it does not seem to have evoked that degree of enthusiasm pro portionate to its merits. It does not appear to have appealed very strongly to the poets and the literature of the flower has suffered somewhat from the fact that the writers have In the past overlooked Its historical aspect and confined their attention almost exclusively to cultural details. While such practical information is certainly of great value it should by no means be regarded as all that the cultivator needs to know. Anyone will take a greater Interest In their work when they are familiar with the past his tory, the romance of it and the devel opment to present-day perfection. Legion of Lovers Are True. In one sense the dahlia lovers seem to differ from the fervid advocate of many other flowers in that their en thusiasm seems to be of a quiet kind, though they are as f'rm in their love for their favorite as any other culti vators. Tbe first discovery of the dahlia seems to have been connected with the search for the cochineal Insect, when it was found that this little bug. in such great demand for dyes. Inhabited the dahlia plants. The legend is that tha little insects, attracted by the brilliant blooms, made the plants their home and thus took on somewhat of the character of the blossom In their coloring for dyes. How much truth there is in this aspect Is a matter for conjecture. Predictions of a great future for the dahlia are not necessary, for it stands to reason that a flower ao favored will certainly enjoy a vogue when its, manifest attractions begin to be realized. That the development will continue for years to come and that the last word in dahlia culture Is far from attained as yet, is the opinion of all those engaged in prop agating the flower. Fall of Year Is Season. Possibly it might be well to state that now Is the most satisfactory time for the choosing of a selection of these flowers. . Visit the gardens i where they are In bloom and choose the plants and flowers that will meet with the requirements of the garden where it is intended they shall make their future home. Some of the new varieties will be found quite expen sive, but when it is considered that one tuber will multiply in one season from three to six times it. is readily seen tiiat the original cost really matters but very little. This aspect makes the initial outlay seem small and should give the thinking grower the chance to purchase the best of stock. Many of the new creations are greatly superior to the old ones and have supplanted them in the pop ular favor. One local dealer alone during the past three years has cast some 1200 varieties trom his gardens. Justly entitled to their full share of consideration on account of the sheer merit of their varied cultural value, the dahlia seems destined to be the flavored fall flower in the world's gardens and Portland possesees a wonderful chance to become well and favorably known as a center of dahlia culture, just as she has reaped such widespread fame as the home of the rose. Loss of Teeth Is Largely Due to Neglect. Therouah Cleanatag ef Month Fre quently Held Good PraetJee. MnR.g, ORE people lose their teeth from ecting thorough cleansing than from any other causa. If the teeth are to be kept in good condition they should be cleaned after every meal and always before going 'to bed. It is a good plan to rinse the mouth with a little salt in water morning and evening. This helps to keep the gums healthy and healthy gums aa a rule mean healthy teeth. The proper way to clean the teeth is not from side to side, as most per sona imagine, but up and down. The upper teeth should be brushed from the gums downward and the lower teeth from the gums upward. Then particular attention should be given to the back or inside of the teeth, as it is there that foreign substances are apt to accumulate. t