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THE SUXDAT OREGOXIAN, POBTLAXP, JULY 13, 1919.
8
AIRPLANES INSPIRE TERROR AND END YEAR'S
FIGHTING WITH REBELS IN HAITI'S. JUNGLES
A Song of Victory
Amen cn Marines Use Tear Bombs and Machine Gun Fire Until Natives Are Ready for Peace and Willing to
Quit Existence as Bandits. '
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on the most turbulent little island the
AS EVHRYONE knows on the
French front daring the icreat
war thai airplane proved Its ef
ficiency as a flKhtlnK machine, and now.
flashing- out of the clouds like the
replica of some prehistoric winged
monster, airplanes manned by Vncle
Cam's marine aviators, are sweeping
the jungles of the turbulent republic
of Haiti and finally bringing peace to
that island after years of fighting. In
fact a peace treaty down there Is about
due.
With so many big and Important hap
tenings In world's affairs going on In
Kurope, most of us have entirely for
gotten that In the little Island republic
14 the south of us Uncle Sam has for
many months been conducting a minia
ture war of his own. Small as it might
seem, for a big country like ours to
handle. It has been far from an easy
Job, as guerrilla fighting In tropical
Junglrs Is the most difficult sort of
conflict. mllitry men acree, to ef
ficiently cope with and if It had not
been for the newest fighting machine,
the airplane, no one knows when our
difficulties In Haiti might have ended.
But as matters now stand American
viators, dropping tear bombs and oc
casionally rakins; the island bandits
with machine gunfire, have In the last
few weeks accomplished by the very
newness and terror of their air mon
eters what our government with all the
military forces at its command has
failed to fully accomplish in four years
f armed invasion.
Alrplaaes Held Birds f KriU
The belligerent natives look upon the
airplane as a bird of evil and the bombs
it drops as the bird's eggs. Confronted
with such a mysterious enemy of the
sky. the bandits, who long have ter
rorised certain sections of the island.
are rapidly surrendering themselves
and turning in tneir arms. Indeed, not
until they see aviators actually go up
In the planes, will they believe that the
"Invention Is man-made and not a great
bird that has come to prey upon them
In a recent Interview lieutenant
'William Morrison rtarr of the marine
aviation force in Haiti furnished some
Interesting particulars of how the ban
dits hidden away in the Jungles have
been bunted by airplane:
-While the great conflict has "been
raging in Kurope the past few years
eur :ri soldiers have after considerable
fichtlng been successful in suppressing
revolution and in. driving the bandits of
Haiti from the major portion of the
Island, but numerous bands until a few
weeks ago still remained in the deeply
wooded eastern provinces. Here the
outlaws were well protected and almost
Impossible to get at. Only the sucsr
cane plantations and a few small
plains, railed "sabanaa. break the out
- ltn and the steeply sloping, sharp
rMged mountains of the interior are as
thickly wooded as the table lands be
low. Trsspa Are Assbasbed.
"Tbronah the forests run numerous
winding trails, so narrow l-i places that
mounted troops cannot ride two
abreast. Detachments of troops often
have been ambushed from the under
growth alone these trails, and it Is
only on account of the bandits lack
of skill with firearms that casualties
hava been few. In such fights our sol
diers operate under great disadvantage
as only lha noise of the bandits mak
ing away In the underbrush offers a
target for the troops and naturally that
ts a very poor one.
-What to do to get at these fellows
waa a very pusallng question. Yet It
needed an answer as order could not
be fully restored while tbey continued
to operate. In the early spring some
one in authority had a bright Idea and
as an experiment, an aviation force
waa sent to Haiti to operate with the
"liorse marines' as our forces there are
called from the fact that they are
mounted. The remarkable work that
these aviators have accomplished In a
few months la mighty Interesting as
ahowirg how the airplane can be
utilised In successful bandit fighting
when all other methods fail.
L'pon arrival at San Pedro the avia
tion organisation proceeded nine miles
Inward to Consuelo. where a camp site
was established and work on a flying
field Immediately begun. ' One month
later the U. & S. Lake Superior reached
the harbor of Macoris with Hi tons of
AlUUoa suiBliea. lnciudi&s tU. sUues,
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a steel hangar, gasoline, oil and lum
ber. "From the ship to the docks of a big
sugar company at Consuelo on the
Magua river is a distance of 10 miles.
With the aid of a barge obtained from
the sugar company, five trips were
made from the ship to the docks, the
material there reloaded on flat cars
and hauleJ over a narrow-guage rail
way to the flying field. A couple of
days later the first machine waa as
sembled and that evening It took the
air making a successful flight over the
Jungles and spotting several bands of
brigands hiding at their place of as
sembly as they thought quite safe from
observation.
"Three days Irfter all six planes were
in commission and then we were ready
for bandit hunting In earnest. Though
there are In Haiti no enemy planes or
antl air-craft guns to harass the avia
tors from the first they have found
plenty of daring work to perform. Of
ficers have been taken in airplane
flights over the districts In which the
bandits operate and allowed to observe
the contour or the land, the larger
trails, the most fsvorable places for
bandits' camp-, and the best way to
reach them. This was something which
never could have been accomplished in
any other way.
Bossba Drepped Oa Bandits.
The aviators In their patrols fly low
over the mountains., searching for the
haunts of the outlaws, mapping new
trails as they make their appearance
in the Jungles and all points that may
aid the soldiers in suppressing the
roving murderous bands.
"When bandits have been located by
troops in dense, inaccessible areas, the
aviators fly over and drop a few bombs
In their midst. Tne unexpected explo
sion never fails to have a most terror
ising effect on the natives and as they
run forth from their places of hiding a
new surprise awaits them as they are
captured by the watting soldiers.
"Though the bombs used thus far
have only been small affairs construct
ed of gaepipe and loaded with black
powder or tear gas. they have bad a
decided moral effect on the bandits.
ho have recently been surrendering
and turning in their arms In large
numbers. I'ntil the marines took their
airplanes Into the jungles there was
no bope of wiping out the roving bands
for a' long time at least.-but now there
is every ' Indication ' that it . is only a
matter of a few weeks before the man-
made birds can hunt out the last of
Ihei? BftJ. vud forever end lawlessness i
United States ever tried to protect.
"The work of the airplane force In
Haiti has not by any means been all
easv or olain sailing. In such a coun
try as might be imagined they have had
all kinds of difficulties to overcome.
Quite recently a plane was badly dam
aged in landing in the jungle and it
looked for a time as if the aviators
were in difficulty as bandits might fall
upon tht-m at any moment. Fortunate
ly early the following morning a rescue
party of 15 men arrived. The entire
plane was torn down and loaded on
an ox-cart, the only available means
of transportation. It was hauled in this
manner over a rough trail for four
miles to the end of a narrow-gauge
railroad. By rail it was taken to the
docks of a sugar company, loaded on a
barge, towed for a distance of eight
miles down one river and up another to
the Consuelo docks and again hauled
by railway to the flying field, arriving
there at 6 o'clock the same evening.
The following afternoon the plane was
again ready for bandit hunting."
Understanding of why it has been
necessary for Uncle Sam's forces to
hunt bandits in Haiti in airplanes and
of the present situation in that island
calls for at least a superficial knowl
edge of the history of the republic. The
island has always been troubled, ever
since Columbus found it. The Span
iards. . in their thorough way, elimi
nated the aboriginal inhabitants, the
Indians. Needing labor, subsequently,
they brought negro slaves from Africa.
Ultimately French control of the island
was established, and with one of the
most favorable climates and fertile
soils In the world provided by nature,
there was great prosperity.
Record of Revolution Lonff.
After 1789 the slaves took what they
heard about' the French . Revolution
seriously and rose, mastered the plant
ers, the great French landowners, and
freed themselves, finally establishing
the present Republic of Haiti. That
was in 1804. For a couple of years
there was peace. Then the history of
Haitian independence began to be one
long record of revolution and tyranny,
of murder, rapine, exploitation, and
graft. Theoretically the republic was
modeled upon republican France. Act
ually the government or. in. the early
days, emperor who strove honestly
and sincerely, to give good govern
ment and develop the country. It could
be useless, a waste of timo and space,
to recite the history of the various ad
ministrations and revolutions in de
tail.
When the great war broke out in Eu
rope a particularly unpleasant gentle
man of color. General Gulllaume Sam.
was president. He had landed in Port
au Prince, when his insurrection was
triumphant, in a silk bat and frock
coat, and had driven to the palace in
state. Jnd he ruled with severity and
an iron determination to suppress every
potential enemy before he could be
come dangerous. But he went a step
too far one day in 1915 when he ordered
the murder of about two hundred
political prisoners confined In the Jail
at Port au Prince. Three or four bleed
ing survivors msnaged. In the general
confusion, to escape and when they
told their story the Inhabitants of th'e
city went wild. The president's palace
was burned and wrecked and Sam, who
had taken refuge in the French lega
tion, despite the protests of the French
minister waa dragged from his place
of hiding promptly killed and his
naked body thrown into the harbor.
When this happened our government
thought it was about time to intervene
and marines, from American warships
in the harbor, were sent ashore. They
knocked a ramshackle old fort to
pieces, policed. Port au Prince, estab
lished martial law and not long after
peace reigned In the city.
In the north of the island, near Cape
Haytien, however there was some real
fighting with the revolutionists but
this finally dwindled down into the
exceedingly difficult to cope with,
bandit warfare which the airplane
force baa now about ended.
Summer Students Organize CInb.
EUGENE. Or, July 12. (Special.)
Women students of the summer school
of the University of Oregon hare or
ganized a club for social and educa
tional purposes. Mlrs Lexie Strachan
Is president: Miss Myrtle Copenhaver,
vice-president: Miss Ruth Stone, secretary-treasurer.
A social committee
has been appointed, consisting of
Misses Alvena Howard, Blanche Bailey,
and Lucy Copenhaver. The educational
committee consists of Misses Flora
Smith, gita -iUdiUe. an Alcwsiie, Meitie.
A Carol at the End of the World War.
By Edwin Markham
Author of "The Man With the Hoe"
and. Other Poems
I
O bugles, ripple and shine.
Calling the heroes home from the battle-line.
Praise, praise, praise,
For the last of the desperate days I
Shake out the lyrical notes
From the silvery deep of your throats.
Burst into joy-mad carols: tell again
The story and glory of heroic men.
Glad" are the love-birds in the leafy tree.
But none so glad as we.
High leap the rock-flung billows to the sky,
But none leaps up so gladly and wildly high
As leap our jubilant hearts.
ITie Fear that croucht upon the world departs,
And Joy comes back pavilioned by the sun :
Let all the mountains clap their hands and runt
Let all the oceans from their throats of thunder
Shout to the streams and storms and stars the wonder I
II
O bugles, circle on from sky to sky.
Travel the roads of the world with joyous cry,
Blow, bugles, turn dead air to thrilling breath:
Cry, cry eternal victory over death
Cry into the ear of time the shining word
Cry solemnly yet elate
That man is ever greater than his fate,
Xhat at some touch of God his soul is stirred
By swift translunar gleams
Which give him power to perish for his dreams.
Praise, praise, praise,
For the new beginning of days I
Praise for the living, honor for the dead
Praise for the wreathed and -the wreathless head
Praise and victorious peace
On hearts that beat and on the hearts that cease
Peace on the mortal and the immortal way
Peace on the heroes vanisht from our day.
Called back from out these bounds of fleeting breath
To join the old democracy of death.
Ill
Sing anefbe glad, O nations, in these hours
Blow clarions from all towers!
Let bright horns revel and the joy-bells rave;
Yet there are lips whose smile is ever vain
And wild wet eyes behind the window pane.
For whom the whole world dwindles to one grave,
A lone grave at the mercy of the rain.
The victor's laurel wears a wintry leaf:
Sing softly, then, as tho the mouth of Grief,
Remembering all the agony and wrong, -
Should stir with mighty song.
Not all the glad averment of the guns,
Not all our odes, nor all our orisons,
Can sweeten these intolerable tears,
These silences that fall between the cheers.
And yet our hearts must sing,
Carol and clamor like the tides of Spring.
For the great work is ended, and again
The world is safe for men ;
The world is safe for high heroic themes;
The world is safe for dreams.
IV
But now above the thunder of the drums
Where, brightening on, the face of Victory comes.
Hark to a mighty sound,
A cry out of the ground :
Let there he no more battles: field and flood
Are iveary of battle blood.
Even the patient stones -
Are ncary of shrieking shells and dying groans.
Lay the sad swords asleep:
They have their fearful memories to keep.
And fold the flags: they weary of battle days.
Weary of wild flights up the windy ways.
Quiet the restless flags.
Crown strangely old upon the smoking crags.
Look where they startle and leap
Look ivhere they hollow and heap
Now greatening into glory and now thinned,
llteing and dying momently on the wind.
And bugles that have cried on sea and land
The silver blazon of their high commands
Bugles thai held long parley with the sky
Bugles that shattered the nights on battle Walls,
Lay them to rest in dim memorial halls;
For they are Weary of that curdling cry
That tells men how to die.
And cannons worn out with their work f hell
The brief abrupt persuasion of the shell
Let the shrewd spider lock them, one by one,
With filmy cables glancing in the sun;
And let the bluebird in their iron throats '
Build his safe nest and spill his rippling notes.
Let there be no more battles, men of earth:
The new age rises singing into birth!
Copyright. 1919, by the McClure Newspaper Syndicate.
1 i.vp- , - n - ijy
oeei Weed. Ji-ug Storm jjiyJJ7Ji 0J"jfJwjxrJrj7yf07rrt
. BY WILLIAM E. LAGRANGE,
Specialist In range plants and grasses. Ore
- son Agricultural college experiment sta
tion. THE poison of the loco weed is the
"dope" of the animal kingdom.
Like opium and other drugs it be
comes dangerous when indulged in even
slightly. When animals once acquire
the habit of eating loco weed, usually
either by accidentally taking some or
by association with animals that have
already formed the habit, they eat it
in preference to any other plant.
Among other effects of the poison
sense of direction or power of locomo
tion in the desired direction is wanting.
The animals wander about In an un
controlled way, which fact gives rise to
the name, ' locoed.
Loco poisoning in Oregon Is a prob
lm of the drv country. Many locos
grow on' the bunchgrass prairie and in
the mountains, but very little is known
about them. . '
Loco Called Rattle Weeds.
Loco weeds are generally called rat
tle weeds because of their habit of rat
tling their seeds in the pod. There
are many different kinds ana many
plants have been called loco weeds that
are not really such. Purple or woolly
loco and the white loco or rattle weea
of the Rocky mountains and plains are
not found in Oregon.
Horses Chiefly Affected.
Horses, cattle and sheep are known
to have been poisoned by the loco
plants in other states, but so far as
Oregon is concerned no records of loco
poisoning are at hand except among
horses. It is not at all Improbable that
either cattle or sheep or both may have
beeh poisoned on loco in this state.
Poisoning Chiefly In Eastern Oregon.
It is reported that loco poinsoning
occurs from central Oregon eastward
throughout the desert and semi-desert
sections. Reports received in some sec
tions seem to indicate that the losses
among horses are more general than
reports show, nor can the probable
losses In any one section oe aeter
mined by the amount of loco plant
growing therein.
Loco Habit Slowly Acquired.
When other good feed is scarce, as
often happens on the Juniper-sage
brush ranges, stock are forced to eat
every bit of green material they can
find. When the loco is about the only
green plant at certain seasons of the
year it is not to be wondered at that
horses in these sections acquire a taste
for it. Loco is a slow acting poison,
the symptoms not appearing in horses
until after they have acquired the
habit of eating the plant. This con
dition makes it necessary to employ a
method of stock management that will
prevent an acquisition of this habit, as
it is almost impossible to break stock
of eating locos or cure them of the dis
ease after the habit has once been ac
quired.
Most of the losses occur from August
to the latter part of winter or early
spring. Horses will eat loco either
green or dry, and it is probable that
they acquire the habit of eating it
while it is green and continue during
the drv season when there is very little
else to eat, until they have accumulated
a sufficient amount of the poison to
produce loco symptoms and, finally
death..
Plant Hard to Recognise.
All of the loco weeds belong to thel
pea or bean family, and although the
flowers are similar this similarity may
not be easily recognized without care
ful examination. The loco weeds have
small white or cream-colored flowers
in long clusters or spikes which finally
produce rather large and Inflated pods.
In which tha seeds break off very
easily when, the pods become dry.' The
seeds rattle as the wind shakes the
pod and as it is shaken by animals
in passing. This gives rise to the com
mon name, rattle weed. Not all loco
weeds have large inflated pods.
The plants are low and spreading,
having a cluster of finely divided leaves
usually coming from near the ground
or along short stems. The small di
visions of the leaves are borne later
ally upon a central stalk as in a vetch
plant. Just how many of the numer
ous loco weeds found within this state
are poisonous is not known. It is,
therefore, impossible to give an accu
rate description for those that are
dangerous..
Cutting Off Plants Recommended.
Keeping horses off the infested areas
is best when possible. Feeding alfalfa
or other good hay during the dangerous
season would do much to prevent the
trouble, yet this is not always prac
ticable. The pasture ranges in certain sec
tions are very large and the task of
eradicating the loco plants from such
areas is a large one. If the locos are
cut off two or three inches below tho
ground there is no danger that they
will start up from the roots. This
should be done when the plants are In
flower, before the seeds are formed.
One man with a good sharp shovel can
cut off the loco plants over a large
area in two or three days. While tasks
of this sort seem large, the financial
outlay will prove to be a saving when
the cost is measured in terms of loss.
It should also be kept in mind that
the locos are propagated by seed, and
thathe seeds do not all germinate the
same season of the year nor the same
year, so it is necessary to go over the
field two or three times in one year or
repeat the process during the succeed
ing years until the plant is eradicated
or reduced to a point below the danger
mark.
Such a policy is practicable for each
rancher independent of the attitude
taken by his neighbors, because tha
seeds of the loco are not scattered by
the wind. Through diligent and watch
ful effort any rancher may have' a
loco-free pasture for his horses, al
though the loco may be growing all
around him.
All animals that have acquired the
habit of eating loco weed should be re
moved from the pasture if possible in
order that other stock, especially young
animals, will not acquire the same habit
through imitation.
Erratic Movement Leading Symptom.
Symptoms are more pronounced
among horses and cattle than among
sheep. The general symptoms are er
ratic movement, constipation and pro
gressive emaciation. Effects are chronic,
extending over a time varying from a
few weeks to two or three years.
Deaths ordinarily result from starva
tion, the animal ceasing either to eat or
drink.
' Fowler's Solution Is Remedy.
The first principle is to supply good
food and give laxative. Then give
stryohnine for cattle and Fowler's so
lution for horses.
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