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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 8, 1919)
1 SECTION SIX Pages 1 to 10 Women's Section Special Features VOL. XXXVIII. PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY 3IORX1XO. JUNE 8, 1919. NO. -.-..Festival Visitors Are Cordially Invited to Inspeet this Up-to-Date Furniture Store WORLD'S GREATEST PHOSPHATE MINES LIE CLOSE TO SURFACE IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA The Jtine Bride Will Be Delighted to find her home furnishing so simple and inexpensive, as a trip through this store of beautiful furniture will prove. CJ Powers' Easy Credit makes it easy to start home-keeping with furniture all your own. Government Figures Show Tampa Deposits Contain 52 Per Cent of Entire World's Supply of Valuable Rock and SO Per Cent of the Supply of the United States. i i Own ! Your Home The Saying Goes: "Feed a Man Well and His Love Will Be True"o d New A-B Cadillac ere s a Oregon Products Week At Powers June 9 to 14 In our windows are installed three WORKING EXHIBITS which show the manufacture of OREGON MADE FURNITURE Bring your out-of-town guests to see these exhibits. Doernbecher Manufacturing Co., 3d fit window. Portland Furniture Manufac turing Co, Yamhill at. win dow. "Willow Craft Furniture Co, Yamhill st. window. All Week Splendi if CADILLAC WpV -? $39J0 -Use Your Credit Gas Range at $39.5 though it was made to sell at $2. It makes good cooking so simple that it's a gem at any price. Four burners, with a big 16x20 elevated oven, finished all in black enamel, except for the white panel doors. The clean-out tray and the broiler are white porcelain, so easy to keep clean and bright-looking. " Another point about this range the oven is interchangeable from right to left, to adjust to the exact way you prefer it. No Home Is Complete Without Music $10 Cash and $2 a Week Buys This Fine $100 Powers' Brunswick Outfit Plays All Makes of Records With a Tone Reproduction That Is Superb. This Special June Offer Consists of "No. 7 Brnimwlck, either oak or mahosrnny. Five lO-lnrh double-faced record 10 selection). A one hundred record album. Our record cleaner. Use Your Credit; It's Good at Powers lr-i JJ YOU MUST SEE THIS NOTABLE SHOWING of POWERS' TRUNKS, BAGS, SUITCASES -Get your vacation luggage now and have it ready when you want it for a week-end. Powers' bus a wide selection. Rugs POWER fllKDlT MAKKS IT EASY TO BUY This Is an excellent time to choose a new rug. for we have eo many fine new ones in all the pop " ular kinds and patterns. USE YOUR CREDIT and choose while you have this opportunity. Room -Size (9x12) Tapestry Brussels Rug, Special., $25.65 S?lMta.'.tr..T:$31-.8S I rrokinS?upseciBai$16.00 I VtAln.s.t.e.":.?!,f:$4.85 Keep the Baby Happy and Healthy The New Reed Sulkies s Have Come They are well made, comfortable and yet cool and light; the designs are the very latest. Your choice in ivory, brown or gray, with or without a hood. Warm Days Demand the Comfort of a Fine Porch We have them In either red ortfj QQ natural finish, special PlOi. Four-foot Porch Settee spe- CQ cial at i5tJtJJ Four - foot Rocker Settee- Ofi special at Four-foot Oak Porch Swing fl C AtZ special at SJ -- Dining - Room Pieces Oak Diner $4.30 It Is a good looking1 chair, with a full slip-seat. The usual price is $a.50, hut we offer It now for only S4.30. Solid Oak Dining Table $31.25 round table, nicely fin ished, with five-pedestal base. A charming- model for the modest dining-room. The usual price is $37.75. This Attractive Quartered Oak Bed Davenport $52.75 A plain, substantial deeign, upholstered In Spanish leather ette, with comfort able cushioned seat and back. A very convenient piece of furniture to have. Use Your Credit at Powers Extra Good Values This Week in Period Dressers Ivory Finish $36.75 value 25 $29.25 at $34.50 value at im You Can't Afford to Be Without a Hoosier Cabinet It Is a necessity. Any housewife can buv one here on easy credit terms. It eaves steps and space. Come in ana eee them. 6-Piece Solid Oak Set $29.90 Tou can see what a well-built eet this ifl. It will give satisfaction in the livirrg-room or for your poxch sitting-room. The set consists of library table, arm chair, arm rocker, side chair, side rocker, and a dainty little fern stand. Spanish leatherette covers the chair and rocker seau. It's Refrigerator Time You Can't Find a Better Refrigerator Than a Leonard Cleanable with Its convenient ehelf arrangement, and Its one-piece porcelain lining. l."e Vonr Credit. Sterling" Rotary Sewing Machines Reduced to Sell at Only This Is a standard sewing- machine, manufactured by the National Sewing Machine Company. It is light running, and will give very good service. Its regular price is $56. 50. B X 4 ''V'. iVjJ: 7" . A V v V A? : i Is 4 V rf Je ntsT &v 1M lfov JZ&osjpJZ e Jdocji: ?tOir-Jec Js CojzwyetZ TbTlZre Crushes: tt&sj'essJZ?.s?S'Z2e zUtr. TAKING account of stock is now one of the principal and vital occu pations of the entire world. On every hand, in every land, merchants and manufacturers are preparing: or the after-the-war demands for their goods of the reconstruction period. Back of this, by governments them selves, comes the figuring on the natu ral resources of the country under their jurisdiction. This is only natural, as largely upon these resources the con tinued prosperity of any nation funda mentally rests. The country which has something to sell, which all 'nations require, but which they do not largely, if at all. possess, of course has a trado advantage. Restrictions on International com merce during the war naturally threw every nation on its own resources to a very great extent, and focused at tention on these resources consiCera'Jly raore than was necessary in times of peace. In this country some very in teresting "discoveries" were made when we came to the stocktaking of our na tional resources. Discoveries which were in more than one case of a sur prising nature. Take one of those which may be said to have been made in Klorida. Every one, of course, is aware that this far southern state produces most of the fresh vegetables utilized in the north ern and eastern states during the win ter and early spring months. In brief, the agricultural richness due to the soil and climate of Florida Is well known. We have also come to look upon the country discovered by Ponce de Leon, when in search of the fountain of perpetual youth, as the great restor er of the "youth" of the nation today and as our great winter playground, where thousands of Americans go an nually during the frozen period to es cape the climatic rigors of the north, and to barSk in the balmy air and sun shine and forget the cares of business and every-day existence, but few Amer icans have ever looked upon Florida as a mining state of importance. Thus to many it will come as a surprise to learn that in one mining product, phos phate, Florida today produces about 52 per cent of the entire world's supply and about 82 per cent of the supply of the United States, and the war has shown that this is an exceedingly im portant and valuable product of great use in both times of war and times of peace. Incidentally these phosphate beds, underlying to a greater or less extent almost the entire surface of the state, are one of the great reasons for the wonderful productivity of Flor ida soil. War Starts Development Although, of course, they have been known to. some and worked for years, it was not until 1917 that Uncle Sam really turned his attention seriously to the Florida mines as one of his great est natural assets. - At that time a very general effort was being made to Increase the pro duction of phosphate rock, owing to the conviction that the people of the United States must greatly increase their production of foodstuffs. Be sides supplying food for ourselves, we were more and more importantly re quired to make large shipments to our allies, and at the close of the year it was apparent that even greater ef fort must be made to add to the supply of food required for shipment abroad. But there was a tremendous diffi culty In the way which every practical farmer in the United States realized. namely, the shortage of fertilizer, as a great Increase in the production of foodstuffs or Intensive agriculture im plies a much greater use of fertilizer, and to get this fertilizer meant a more energetic mining of phosphate rock. It was then that the eyes of all those fa miliar with Florida's surprising rich ness In this particular were turned toward that elate and. - dtspite . many handicaps due to the war and the con- , sequent shortage of ships, railroad cars. . congestion of freight and scarcity of j labor, Florida phosphate miners did : their bit to help out and relieve the J situation. I Most everyone is familiar with the j slogan, "Tampa, without a chimney, i makes the world world smoke,' due to J the fact that the south Florida city has ; for years maintained the world's lea'd : in the manufacture of "clear Havana" cigars, but mighty few people, however, j know that in the vicinity of Tampa there is in the ground and yet . to be mined the greatest and richest beds of phosphate to be found in the entire world. Port Facllttles Increased. To keep our farmers supplied with their badly needed fertilizers, the war quickly gave Tampa the distinction. which she is likely to hold indefinitely, of being the largest shipper of phos phate rock In the world. The facilities at the port of Tampa were developed until they are now the finest in the world for the loading of this product, and the port has the distinction of hav ing the world's fastest phosphate loading elevator. It is possible for large vessels to arrive, take' their full cargo and depart in the same day. With her present facilities Tampa can ship through her port alone something over 1.000,000 tons of phosphate a year. In normal times most of the rock is carried to the markets of the world by boat because of the cheaper rate than by rail, and a number of boats are en gaged regularly in this traffic When the war broke out the government com mandeered some of these crafts, but when the importance of the phosphate ndustry to the government and to our farmers was pointed out, the boats were allowed to continue in the trade. We had not been in the world con flict long before it was discovered that Germany, with her wonderful trade foresight, had control of some of the best of the phosphate mines in the vi cinity of Tampa. The custodian of alien enemy property was, however, quickly on the job. and the mines owned by alien enemies were promptly taken over by -Uncle Sam, and thus the danger of their destruction averted Immense Importance Evident. The war quickly made evident not only the immense importance of our Florida phosphate mines for the pro duction of fertilizer for intensive agri culture, but also the inestimable value of the products of those mines for mili tary purposes. Everyone knows the importance of phosphorus in the mak ing of explosives and war munitions. Now a charge of phosphate rock, coke and sand, upon being heated in an elec trie furnace, yields about 86 per cent of crude phosphorus. This crude phos phorus is purified by filtration through porous tile, chamois-skin or canvas, the operation being carried on under luke warm water, which keeps the phos phorus liquid. Phosphorus is usually marketed in the form of sticks, which are made by conducting the phosphorus from the melting pot through a pipe surrounded by water. It solidifies in the pipe and can be removed as a continuous rod. Perfectly pure phosphorus is a white, transparent, waxy solid, but commer cial phosphorus is generally yellowish, owing to its content of allotropic red phosphorus. Almost every time we strike a match to light a fire, the gas or a smoke, we burn some red phosphorus, as it is employed very extensively in the manufacture of matches. It Is usu ally made by heating yellow phosphorus In iron pots provided with air-tight lids, whloh, however, bear a long pipe open to the air. A small quantity of the phosphorus combines with the oxy gen in the vessel, and the operation is then practically conducted in an at mosphere of nitrogen, which affords additional safety from explosion. The product is ground under -water and any unchanged yellow phosphorus it may contain is eliminated by boiling it with caustic soda. The product is then washed and dried and finally packed in tin boxes. Medicinal Preparations Many. But this is by no means the whola story of the importance of the Florida phosphate mines, as there, are various valuable medicinal preparations of phosphorus. Owing to its remarkable influence on the growth of bone In young animals, it has been used In the treatment of rickets and osteomalacia. Its most effective use, however. Is as a nerve tonic in paralysis agitans, loco motor ataxia, impotence, and nervous exhaustion. It is also a remedy for some skin diseases. The hypophosphites have been recommended as a remedy for pulmonary affections. In which they are said to act as free phosphorus without being irritant, and the glycero phosphates are - useful to stimulate metabolism. Dilute phosphoric acid is used as a gastric stimulant. Bronze manufacturers have long been aware that their product Is greatly improved in quality and strength when fluxed with phosphorus. The alloys prepared in this way, known as phos phor bronze, may contain only about 1 per cent of phosphorus In the ingot, which may be reduced to a mere trace after castings, but the phosphorus nevertheless enhances their value for use in making implements which re quire a hard, strong metal, such aa pump plungers, valves and the bushes of bearings. One of the most important constitu ents of tire material used in distress signals at sea is phosphorus in the form of calcium phosphide. As various phosphorus compounds made a very dense smoke, this fact was utilized in a most curious way during the war. when clouds of phosphorus smoke were constantly employed to conceal vessels in danger of submarine attack, and many valuable cargoes and crafts were saved in this manner. Acid phosphate, for years one of our most popular soft drinks, could not be manufactured or .served at the soda counter if it were not for the output of the Florida mines. Methods of Mining Varied. The methods of phosphate mining In Florida are entirely different from all other mining operations and are va ried and interesting. There are several variations of phosphate, known prin cipally as hard rock, soft and pebble, and they are all frequently found Ju close conjunction, but they require different mining and handling. Literally speaking, the phosphate mines are, more properly, open pits dug down for many feet below the surface of the earth. Almost all the work in the mines is done by negro labor. In some cases phosphate rock as it is loosened by the laborers in the pits is shoveled into buckets attached on a derrick boom, by which means they are lifted with their contents to the sur face. As a rule a pick and shovel are the tool3 used by the miners, but in other instances the surface is first stripped with horse scrapers and then the miners dig the phosphate carefully out by hand from between limestone cones. What is known as pebble phosphate is mined principally by hydraulic pow er. This pebble phosphate is raised from the pits by electric pumps and forced through ten-inch pipes to wash era on the surface. When the soft phosphate is brought to the surface it is conveyed to a ro tary kiln, where it is dried. It is then taken to crushers and pulverizers in a house above the kiln. When pulverized the product is conveyed by air through pipes and by cars in covered trestles to the storage and eacking house, after which it is ready for shipment. Hard rock phosphate is dried in ioCncluded ou rasa fi.A