8
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAXD, 3IAHCIT 31, 191S.
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r a) Conklln. r'roo frmmm pallillo. Detroit.
lirb.; San rranftor rp atau. K. J.
Indwell. 3tJ ilarS.l trl
I Ins to that accorded to the profession
MEMBER Or Til K AOClATTD fUfSS.
Tbo Aoaociatvt Hr-a to ovrtontvolr ontl
fo to tbo mm for rpuMl"lKa of all aoo
atatMirhoo er-.iit-l to a or not ohrwto
rr..iaf to tot ppr. aaa siao ta toe
maw aiHitarl hrtn.
Ail nsr.ta of rpubitratloa of rpoclal dla-
patrhe herein aro ala reaaewed-
lORTl-a!0. HOD.4T. Ji ARCH SI. lata.
r BEADING KrtTTR.
1 TTia rytfnatlc and far-reacMna"
datura of Orniin plana for tha dla
aemlnaUoo of kultur throuichout tha
world are only brcinntn to b appre
rtated. It U not. as tome tiara up
poaavt. of ppontaneous irrowth. Tha
work of orcanUtnK poopla of German
2rcent lo forclcn countrlra tnto pa
ra ta unit has been carried on artlvrlr
r ainra IS J9 by veral porlrtlra
within tha German empire, and It aim)
ha had the direct support of the Gor
man a-overnmrnt- Appropriations for
tha aid of Gorman school In other
land, because of th'lr recornlxed po
litical, and even military, value, have
been made rrrularlr by tha Kelchatajr.
These appropriations at tha time the
war broke out amounted to 1.0U0.000
marks a year. Subscriptions by pri
vate rttisens of Germany, however. 1
have been even larger. A list of such
benefaction, raneinc from 000 to
SSO.000 mark, has recently rome Into
J : ton of the American authorities.
Amertrans are lndcbtid to tha re
s' arch of rrofnwor YmtI B. f perry, of
the department of history of Syracuse
1'ntverstty. for new enlightenment on
the subject. The schema to dominate
the world was based upon tha orcanl
cation of Gorman Into distinct na
tional froupa, wherever they tulirht be
found, and it itave first recotmltlon to
choola as a factor In tha preservation
of unity. It has only recently coma to
light that there were S240 such school
in forrtirn lands, of which 4)1 were In
the United States. The number doea
not Include thoae in tha German
epeakms retfon of Austria. Measures
to Germanize Bohemia by stern sup
pression of Czech culture are not taken
Into account. The list of 6240 schools
embraces only those) ernploytnr the
Indirect, as contrasted with the aup-
pressive. method. There are, for ex
ample. (00 of them In liraail. Hardly
country In the world has escaped.
One such school In New Zealand baa
received official German support.
Tha most Interesting revelation of
all I contained tn the citation of the
so-called "Iclbrueck law, enacted by
the German government In 111
which provides that a German tmntt-
irrant about to be inducted Into a for
elrn citizenship may receive from a
German Consul tha privtleca of re
taintnir his German citizenship after
Ir.e is vested with that of his adopted
country. Of this law Professor Spcrry
says:
W ftTi Oorman tmmlfT) t tha t
r a doubi clttMnanlp, jne two tatr
tr atiavtanr an4 duttrs which vrr citl-
liaro but on purpooa oo to hold th all-
Slanc of th tranitirrant that In caa a ron-
f hrt r Int-ro-t occurs ho will aoatnt
many racbar than hi adoptad country. Th
t.arman sovarnmrnt thu anu-avor to pr-
It citllan front bocomln loyal and
iaoamhlt cttian of tbo countrlea trhlch
Bi ihm iraoilum and fioa parity.
Testimony as to the purpoea of tha
entire system Is abundant In the writ
ings of Germans themselves. Thus a
rontrtbutnr to one of several periodi
cals devoted to the task of creatine
an all-German nation. In an article on
"German Schools In Korclcn Lands,'
says that "we are concerned chiefly
with the national and cultural alms
of the German school abroad, and
adds that "the German school, alone
with the Gerfian orphans' home, the
German church and the German press
la tha most essential factor In the at
tainment of this roal. Another writer
pays that the alrt of these schools
should be not only to perpetuate Ger
man nationality anions; the children
Tf German trumlKrants. but "should
Impart German kultur to the children
of other rationalities also. In an ap
peal for funds for the maintenance of
these schools, another writer declares
that "work done In the Interest of the
German school abroad ts a noble serv
ice rendered to the German nation,
for one of tha most effective means of
perpetuatinir German ism In foreign
countries is the school.
German appreciation of tha utili
tarian val ta of tha school Is a bistort
raj fart- ' Germany has been a pioneer
In public education. As to tha ethical
eide. one will draw his own conclu
pions from the typical utterance which
JTofesaor S perry quotes from "Das
Greasers rvutschland." declarinir that
"the reproach often brought asalnat
the German-American that as soon as
la rocs to America he becomes an
American citizen ts unjustified, and
addtn:
Por If h Soa eoa baron an Amorlraa
t j ho haa ao otc at tr a:orton. n
inr.a-ro of ny kind I th Xauoo' politi
cal aftfclr. Ho la pria;'ia.t. hoaar. and
caa and ait l haart. taousht aad aatur
to romaui a laortaaa.
This. then. Is the German view as
expressed In Germany: and the ofSclal
character of the propaganda con
ducted throush the schools Is well
established. It ts not to be denied that
many thousands of citizens of German
descent are loyal, but It U not these
who have been active In tha work of
preventing assimilation of Immigrants
Into one nationality the American.
Undoubtedly, there ts no place In any
country for those who advocate dis
ruption. We know that there can be
no divided alleriance. We ace the
evtl of "Ielbrueck laws. And wo ob
serve that a new test of loyalty ts
necessary. Advocatrs of "education
which has as its aim tha creation of
schism and disruption, are enemies of
the country arainst trhlch their
aldioue proparanla is directed.
In-
Tha heanntr before the House mili
tary committee at Wasbinrton re
cently on the Kdmonds bill, provldlnv
for the formation of a pharmaceutical
corps In the Army. Is the culmination
cf a lone ficht by American phar
ynicut, ta tu recojuiUoa sorrnj-oud-
ln
and of Japaji. Tha bill would confer
tha rank of Major npon tha comman
der of tha corps, and would provlds
a number of Captains and Lieutenants
Opponents of the measure take the
rround that dispensing tn tha field Is
so much a matter of "counting tab
lets and measuring ready-made reme
dies that tha same skill la not required
as In civil Ufa. Advocates, however,
point to the groat number of duties
that could be performed by skilled
pharmacists, such as supervision of
medical purchases, making of analyti
cal testa and 11 rat-aid work as Indi
cating a way In which, tha time of
physicians could be saved for strictly
medical and surgical lines. Threat
ened ahortaga of man power in tha
Medical Corps has given tha phar
macists an added argument which la
being presented for all It la worth
before Contrresa.
rXACX AXD LIGHT.
Aad Clod said. lei. there be llcht. aad there
was Ushu
No doubt In Bis gracious time
Omnipotence will again speak: and
there will ba peace. But It will be
no peace. If right shall not triumph
and wrong forever ba cast Into outer
darkness. There are those of little
faith who think that tha right and
Justice are, after all. mere words, and
only might can endure. If that la so,
a bad causa has Just aa" good an op
portunity to survive as a good causa.
It la not true. It Is a thought wHlch
violates all tha solemn promises and
sacred prophecies of Divinity; and It
runs counter to every Instinct of our
common humanity. So wa know bet
ter, indeed.
But It Is not always easy, when one
sees tha steady progress of Brute
Force, to keep an unwavering faith.
Surely, It la not a part of the Divine
plan that the world be given over to
tha wild beasts of Kultur. Atrocity,
murder, spoliation, cruelty and bar
bartsm are words which belong in the
devil's lexicon. They have been
adopted by Germany as Its very own.
Why God Buffers the devil to live Is
a part of the Great Mystery. But ao
It la. Just now bla masquerade is
as tha German Kaiser.
On this Easter day wo shall hear
much about peace, but nothing now
about peace without victory or peace
without honor. Tha world knows that
there can be no peace until Kultur Is
slain In Its citadels. There Is a world
where there are peace and good will
among men: and wa are enjoined to
seek It aa the greatest human aspira
tion. It Is not an Impious thought
that there can be no good will toward
madmen. It may not bo necessary to
hata the Kaiser and his minions, but
It Is necessary to rid the world of
them. Let us have peace. Indeed, but
a German peace never!
God slve as peace Net each ss talis t staon,
Hut word ea tbtso, sad brow with par
poo knit!
aa1 lot ur hip ef tt te harbor sweep.
Ilr port all up. hoe battle laatorna lit
Aad har icaahed thunders gathering tor their
leap.
from spilling tha stuff In filling shells.
By conserving methods In making the
shells already ordered. It is estimated
that 4. JtS, 000 pounds of TNT, worth
fl a pound, might be saved. But
manufacturers are paid cost plua 10
per cent, and would gain nothing by
this saving. Hence It seems to be up
to tha Government to enforce precau
tions similar to those adopted by the
British government. While we are
sacrificing tha Uvea of our best youth
in battle, no Uvea should be wasted
avoidably In supplying them with
munitions.
is it roNirrnmonALT
It will not make much practical
difference tn the long run, but the
day's leeway given the courts on the
new standard time carries with it an
unjust reflection upon the Intelligence
and understanding of soma very
worthy citizen. The profound rea
son given for this exception In behalf
RETRIBUTION.
German chickens are coming home
to roost, according to recent reports
from the police of the larger cities.
The spirit of lawlessness, the example
of which was set by the Government
itself. Is reflected In an amazing In
crease of murders, thefts and bur
glartea,
Train robbery by armed gangs, here
tofore unheard of In that country, has
been practiced and the offenders have
escaped. The more able-bodied police
have been sent to the front, and the
older men now on duty are unable to
enforce the law.
Returned soldiers In a land where
every man Is a soldier have been lm
bued with the riotous spirit that was
encouraged by their officers In Bel
glum. Having been Instigated to com
mit crimes out of the line of the duty
of a soldier In battle, they quite nat
urally have not all of them returned
to tha pea earful frame of mind that
held them before the war.
It ts a problem that Germany will
ba obliged to work out for Itself, and
that la likely to prove vexing for at
least a generation.
of the Multnomah County courts
that the lawyers. Jurors and witnesses
may neglect to set their watchea and
clocks ahead the first day. They will
come trailing along after the common
herd twenty-four hours later.
In making serious protest against
this outrageous reflection upon a class
of citizens, we are thinking only
of the Jurors and witnesses. They are
from the common people, and have
Just as much right to be considered
In full possession of their faculties as
the shipyard workers, streetcar men,
lettercarriers, clerks, stenographers.
schoolteachers, bankers and grocers.
Why blame the necessity upon them
when everybody knows It is the law.
yers alone who are considered?
No self-respecting Judge or lawyer
will be guilty of setting his watch
ahend this morning. That would In
dicate to the public that he Is given
to snap judgments. One who Is true
to the ethics of bis profession will
not act in this weighty matter until
he has satisfied himself positively that
It Is constitutional.
It is perfectly all light to give the
courts another day In which to satisfy
themselves on the legalities of bepin-
ning business an hour earlier, but let it
now be definitely admitted by the
courts that it Is on account of the
judges and lawyers, not the Jurors
and witnesses. Let the courts give
Justice In this matter. If in nothing
FOIMOXIXO WITH TNT.
An Insidious disease growing out of
munition manufacture has become
known as TNT poisoning, which la
discussed In a report to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics by Archie Rice, who
has been connected with the Industry
In this country and has studied reports
from British factories. Krom past ex
perience he estimates that In the man
ufacture of the 71,000,000 rounds of
cannon ammunition ordered by the
Cnlted States there will be from 7000
to 17.000 rases of this disease, and
that from IIS to 474 of them will be
fatal. Tha large number la ascribed
to tha frequency with which work
people change their Jobs, each job
being filled by from two. to thirty per
sons In a year.
Tha risk might, according to Mr.
Rice, be reduced (0 to to per cent
"with reasonable and very Inexpensive
precautions and with proper medical
supervision. The subject was dis
cussed at the convention of the Amer
ican Public Health Association lost
October, and at a later conference be-
een health officials and munition
makers to consider a health and hy
gienic code for munition factories, the
munition men voted down a clause
proposed by tha health men. They
argued that workers should not be
told of the danger lest they be made
apprehensive, and that memoranda to
be used tn self-protection and as a
guide to physicians la treating tbem
honld not be given, because they
might become tha bases for damage
suits. As an alternative they pro
posed that all the doctors tn the
country be educated In diagnosis and
cure of the disease, which would take
years, during which there would be
many victims. How successful have
been the precautions proposed la In-
icated by the statement that the pre
Ictloa of 17.000 cases and 47S deaths
i based on the experience of one
American factory in seven and a half
montha before they were adopted.
while that of 7000 cases and 1SS
deaths la based on the entire twenty
montha of operation.
iTotectlon of employes health Is
shown to be good bus'nesa for the
Government. Poisoning occurs from
imrcgaaUoa of the air. iUi TXT PC
KEWS AXD PROMOTION.
Nearly every Western community
owns at least one serious citizen who
haa a confirmed idea that no news
should be sent from his town unless
it Is a, rosy account of progress or
story of the delightful climate.
Whether he would be satisfied with a
newspaper that printed only such
news from other communities has
never been fairly tested, but the
chances are he would be the first to
complain.
There la one such a banker In
Montana, who Is now supplying- the
press with a three-page defense of
Montana's climate, liberally sprinkled
with records and tables. The innocent
text for his circular is the following
dispatch, which appeared in the Chi
cago Tribune:
THIRTT BELOW IV MONTAVA
AND MERCURY STILL. FALLING
lorartaton. Mont. Jan. SO. Thirty derreaa
halow aaro was th temperature, her oarly
toniffht aad th forecast wa for even colder
weather. Plmllnr never cold was Doing ex
perienced throughout th state.
There Is no charge that the dispatch
la an untruth, but he says of it:
I boMev this in the moot Inan. aanav
less impulse that could possibly aeix a
thoughtful newapapor man and cannot un
derstand any newspaper offli-e that will In
dulge such a thlnr. even thousb there !
fto-cont fe for th Item to tho editor or
reporter who will put such a telegram on the
wir; whea It Is known that people In Eaat-
state ntrtin a seriously unfair. In
correct Impreesioo regarding our weather.
there a newspaper man who dooa not
know that our Winters are very mild com
pared to other state In th same latitud.
and that th occasional flashes of low tem
perature, always of th briefest duration,
are. becanoo of tho dryness of our atmos
phere, never of great moment ?
Whether newspaper writers should
preserve a dignified silence, when there
Is an "occasional flash of low tempera
ture" in Montana, or should be per
mitted to mention It only in connec
tion with a detailed description of the
beautiful weather that preceded It
and will doubtless follow it. Is not
clearly set forth. But there was once
a young man In the state of Washing
ton with similar Ideas who broke into
the newspaper business. One day
there was an explosion in a highway
construction camp and several men
were killed. A San Francisco news
paper wired for a long special story.
The young newspaper man filled the
order as to number of words, but he
said very little about the explosion,
and a great deal about what the high
way, when completed, would mean to
the development of Whatcom County.
The disastrous sequel was that the
story was not printed and the young
man lost his Job.
There Is a distinct difference be
tween news and promotion. The fact
fhat the exceptional constitutes much
of the news is lost to sight by the
home booster. If -30 degrees were the
usual Winter temperature in Montana
and so understood to be by the public,
the Chicago newspapers would say
nothing about it. And, to get back
to an earlier thought. If newspapers
published promotion literature only
there would soon cease to be news
papers.
whether sale of American property
owned by non-resident Germans would
not violate the treaty of 1799,, which
makes special provision for protec
tion of citizens of each country in the
territory of the other In the event of
war between them. But Senator Mar
tin pointed out that this protection
does not extend to American holdings
of Germans who are now In Germany,
saying:
Th wrier ef this property are not In
th United 6tata now: they are abroad
and waging wax n th Unltd states, and
that war has created extravagant profits
which are accruing.
The treaty also stipulates that Its
provisions "are to be as sacredly ob
served as the most acknowledged ar
ticles In the law of nature and na
tions," but Senator Knox suggested
that Germany has violated the law of
nature and of nations, and that the
United States might use that fact as
justification for ignoring the whole
treaty. Senator Martin left that point
to be considered at the end of hos
tilities, but he held It to be Incon
ceivable that the United States should
account even for the value of German
property when we took It over, "un
less they come Into this accounting
themselves and account for the de
struction they have brought about
and for the havoc they have caused to
the property of American citizens."
Although the value of the seized
German property is estimated at a
billion dollars, it is not likely that in
such an accounting any balance would
remain payable to Germany, When
every ship and cargo sunk in defiance
of international law, every munition
plant and plant destroyed at the in
stigation of German agents, had
been paid for, and when compensa
tion had been made for the many
American lives sacrificed while we
were neutral, there would more prob
ably be a balance payable to the
United States.
the rDLL8 side of the stort,
As to the differences in the early
days between the whites and the In
dians of the Northwest, the effort
seldom has been made to tell the
story from tho Indians viewpoint.
The old-time theory that the "only
good Indian was a dead Indian," how
ever much it may have been founded
upon bitter experience with cruelty
and treachery, may not have been
applicable to all Instances. That there
were two sides to the wars of 1855-58
In what is now the state of Washing
ton is strongly and interestingly set
forth in "Ka-mi-akln, the Last Hero
of the Takimas," written by A. J.
Splawn, a well-known pioneer, who
spent his early boyhood in Linn
County, Oregon, and was for half a
century a resident of the Taklma
country. The work, now published
posthumously, is the fisvt sustained
attempt to show that the conflict
might have been avoided if different
measures had been adopted by the
leaders among the whites.
ference, to permit them to give fur.
ther consideration to a question of
first importance to them, he thinks
was reasonable. "It was," he says.
"no Idle affair with them. It meant
giving up their birthright, land which
Ithey believed theirs by every lawful
right" He holds that the whites were
carried away with the idea of obtain
ing signatures to documents, over.
looking the "more important question
whether the Indians were satisfied
with the result." He suggests that
It would have been wiser to permit
them to depart and return for an
other council, devoting the Interval
to the removal of distrust caused by
the Governor's reported words that
"if they refused to sell, soldiers would
be sent to wipe them off the earth."
Whether he had said this or not, the
Indians thoroughly believed that he
had done so.
( Ka-ml-akin Is pictured as a man
embittered by threats made against
his people, but as, in his earlier years,
a friend of the white settlers. It is
said that he condemned the Whitman
massacre and frustrated plans of the
Cayuses to combine with other tribes
against the soldiers sent to avenge the
wanton murder of the missionaries.
He advised against the war of revenge
projected by the chief Pe-peu-mox-mox
on the settlers of the Willamette
Valley for the killing of his son.
Elijah Hedding. at Redding, Cal., and
a messenger was sent to Fort Van
couver to warn Dr. McLoughlin. He
was a man of progressive" tendencies,
the first Importer of cattle from the
white man's country, and he showed
unusual sagacity in making later pur
chases from the settlers to keep up
his herds. It is this character which'
the author asks his readers to believe
would have furnished the foundation
for enduring peace if the council of
vva.ua walla had been csnducten dif
ferently. But those who have faith in the
word of prophets will believe that all
was foreordained that came to pass.
Mr. Splawn includes in his compre
hensive story a good deal of the
legendry of the tribes with which he
deals. He finds that Ka-mi-akin's
father, known to the Yakimas as
Ki-yi-yah, was a deserter from one
of the tribes farther east, and that an
aged medicine man of the ' Yakimas
foretold that he would marry the
daughter of the Yakima chief, that he
would return to his own people, and
that their son would coaVe back to the
land of his mother, where he would
lead the warriors In their last stand
against the hated race. Final defeat
of the Indians was foretold. And so
it came to pass.
from Chile as will the Government
ships In carrying supplies to France.
If other yards were permitted to
take private contracts, their vessels
would help the general purpose by car
rying to Australia the lumber which
now swamps the mills and hinders
their production of ship timbers, and
by bringing back the wheat which is
in danger of rotting on the ground.
They could relieve the railroads by
carrying flour and oil to Europe and
wool to the Atlantic Coast. Additions
to the merchant fleet are as effective
counter strokes to the submarine as
additions to the transport fleet, for
they make good losses In the world s
total tonnage.
In order that Oregon may advance
her interests as a state, and in order
that the submarine may be beaten,
shipbuilding should be speeded up in
this district, not only by the employer,
but the workman. The war on the sea
is two-fold by the Navy in destroy
ing submarines, and by the shipbuilder
In turning out more vessels to replace
those which have been sunk. The
man who drives rivets in a ship is
fighting the Kaiser as effectively as
the man who fires a' gun on a de
stroyer. By the same rule, the man
who limits the number of rivets he
drives in a day or otherwise loafs on
the job is not merely a slacker, but a
traitor, for he helps the enemy by ob
structing work essential to victory.
Discovery, made in Philadelphia art
circles, that there are no inherent
'atmospheric difficulties" in the paint
ing of attractive American landscapes,
would have been made long ago if it
had not been for the tendency of the
public to look to the old world for its
guidance in all matters artistic. The
Public Ledger looks upon the award
of a prize by the Academy of Fine
Arts to a painting by an American,
upon an American subject, as "an in
spiring reminder that the public has
discovered what .the more sensitive
have known for years." It may also
indicate a more general awakening on
the part of Americans to the value of
all things American, and to birth of
an American spirit, free from boxer
ism, which will sea that there are
beauties at home as well as in foreign
countries. The notion that there was
something peculiarly concealing about
American air had remarkable vitality,
considering the instable character of
the foundation upon which it rested.
MAKE VO PROFIT FOR THE KXFMT.
One of the greatest labors growing
out of the war is the disposal of Ger
man property ln the United States.
While German subjects who have be.
come fixed residents of this countrv
are not molested so long as they do
no hostile act. American property of
Germans who remain abroad is seized
by the custodian of enemy property.
Much of this property is in the shape
of factories, mines, land, or of stock
in companies owning them, and the
question arose whether this property
should be administered for the benefit
of its owners and the Income returned
with the property at the end of the
war, or sold to Americans or citizens
of friendly nations, the proceeds be
ing held for tho benefit of the former
owners.
The latter course is favored by A.
M. Palmer, tho custodian, because
much of the property Is believed to be
actually owned by the Kaiser and the
Junkers against whom in particular
we are at war. In fact, he told a
Senata committee that "we run into
things that make us think that the
German government has an Interest
In the various Industries" which he is
operating for German owners. As
trustee for the Germans, Mr. Palmer
Is making enormous war profits on all
kinds of manufactures, and he says:
If I most srmply sit here, holding th
stock of the companion making these enor
mous profits out of th war, with th possi
bility of returning both principal and profits
e th Cterman owners at th end of tha war.
am doing a tremendous favor to tho Cer-
amaa Empire, our enemy.
Further, these German Investments
are the very Instruments of German
economic penetration of this country,
and their German managers have
been the centers of pro-German agi
tation, making their business into
strongholds of the enemy In our terri
tory. A part of the necessary work
of tearing out the cancerous growth
which Germany haa spread through
the United States Is to transfer this
property from German to American
owners, that the profits may accrue to
Americans instead of accumulating
for use In a new economic war upon
us.' Tbo opportunity may be taken
to free American Industry from Ger
man control. In preparation for possi
ble legislation to maintain Its inde-
The two great men of the Yakim
war, says the author, were Ka-ml-akin
and Governor Stevens, of the Terri,
tory of Washington. The author de
scribes the pioneer Governor as
strong, forceful man, of great abil
ity," but he charges him with mis
takes which precipitated a war which
might have been avoided. He is, how
ever, also unsparing of his criticism
of other white leaders. He thinks that
Stevens failed to understand the In
dians' desire to act only after due
deliberation, and that he was unsym
pathetic, and forced an issue when
delay would have meant permanent
peace. This takes us back to the
momentous council of Walla Walla,
in 1851. when tho principal tribes
were called together. Previously there
had been mutterlngs of war. The In
dians had been storing food against
the emergency. Stories had been cir
culated that the new Governor had
come West with the avowed purpose
of driving the Indians from their lands
If they declined the white man
terms. There were peace-at-any-price
advocates among the red men, who
urged that resistance would be use
less, but they had been overruled by
the warriors. The Cayuses were par
ticularly truculent. The whites had
strong allies in the Nea Perces, who
afterward served them so well, under
the leadership of Lawyer, their cele
brated chief, although his title was
disputed by Looking Glass, a more
celebrated Ner Perce warrior.
The whites had entered the council
prepared to offer the confederated
tribes two reservations. Because o
complications arising afterward, they
offered a third reservation for the
Cayuses, the Umatillas and the Walla
Wallas in their own country. The
chieftains finally gave their consent.
Ka-ml-akin held out until the last.
By the treaties the Yakimas surren
dered 29,000 square miles, including
the entire present area of five coun
ties In Washington and parts of two
others, reserving only the Yakima
reservation of less than 1,200,000
acres. The Nes Perce relinquished
territory out of which was formed
the large part of Whitman, Garfield,
Columbia and Osotin counties In
Washington, Union and Wallowa
counties' in Oregon, and Nez Perce
County In Idaho. They retained, how
ever, a very large reservation, the
surrender of part of which in 1863
against the wishes of young Joseph
led to the war of 1877. The Cayuses,
Umatillas and Walla Wallas gave up
territory embracing Walla Walla
County in Washington, and parts of
Union and Gilliam counties in Oregon.
For the whole area ceded, says Mr.
i?plawn, the Indians were to receive
about I65U.U00, part oi wnicn was
paid in the form of annuities to chief
tains and concessions in the way of
houses. Implements and tools.
The author does not deny the sign
ing of the treaty by authorized repre
sentatives of the tribes, or the break
ing of it afterward by the Indians.
He rests his case rather upon the Im
plication that the treaty was wrested
from them under threats. It is ad
mitted that previously, at "the most
noted gathering of red men ever seen
in this vast territory," the Interested
chiefs had agreed to mark the boun
daries of the different tribes, and that
each chief should claim the entire
land for a reservation for his people.
The circle when completed Included
practically all 'the land In Eastern
Washington and a large part of the
area of Eastern Oregon, leaving no
lands to treat for with Governor
Stevens. It was then agreed that If
the Governor asked for a council It
should be agreed to, but that no land
should be surrendered. The spirit of
war was thoroughly aroused. It was
In this spirit that the tribes approached
the council at Walla Walla.
It would seem that the documen
tary evidence strongly supported the
contention of the whites. On its face
It would appear that the Indians re
garded the treaty as a compact made
but to be broken. But Mr. Splawn
pleads for an understanding of the
Indians' view of the sacredness of the
soil, which they regarded with super
stitious reverence. Their plea for a
pendence of foreigners In the future
A question was raised 1a the Senate! postponement or me- Yvaua, walla con-
HUMII.ITY IN THE GARDEN.
KipHng'was not a truck gardener,
or even an "agriculturalist," but he
sensed a large measure of the value
of thorough work In the management
of the home vegetable garden when
he wrote:
Ob, Adam was a gardener, and God, who
made bim. sees
That half a proper gardener's work ts done
upon his knees.
Perhaps not half, since the wheel
hoe was invented to save the backs of
men, but still a good part of the work
of keeping the rows free from weeds
and in a proper state of cultivation
can be well done in no other way than
by humbly getting down on the ground
and getting right at the root of things.
The home gardener who this year ex
pects to accomplish definite results
without some backache is destined to
be disappointed. For the time to kill
a weed Is when it is a tiny affair,
hardly distinguishable from the plant
It is desired to preserve, and no tool
has been invented which will dis
tinguish between friend and foe, when
a man is standing. The better the
start of the vegetable, the better its
prospects for survival later, and the
more neglect it will bear, once it has
established itself.
Onions and carrots are examples of
crops that require a- great deal of
hand-work under most favorable con
ditions. Those who expect to cultivate
all their crops standing up will do
well not to plant these vegetables, or
parsnips and others like them. They
should confine their attention to cab
bages and potatoes.
But the injunction Is not meant to
be discouraging. By all means there
should be more home gardens this
year than ever. The Nation needs
them and its very life may depend
upon them. The slogan, "A garden
for every family," adopted by some
cities, is a good one to bear in mind
And the pleasant Spring days now in
prospect are an invitation to every in
dividual with even a tiny bit of spare
land to busy himself with putting in
the crop. The planning period is over
and now is the time to plant.
The Ukranians, in prohibiting the
use of the Russian language, are only
turning the tables on their former
oppressors. There was a time when
Russian scholars seriously contended
that Ukranian had no right to survive.
But in the end It will depend onthe
use that is made of it whether it will
justify Itself.
Senator Williams said what millions
of Americans are thinking when he
declared that Senator La Follette
should be expelled. That remark may
smoke out the committee which has
done nothing with the expulsion move
ment since Congress met four months
ago.
The Peripterous.
Ferlpteroos A Structure Having Rows
of Columns on All Sides. Dictionary.
(Synopsis of preceding synopses.)
Tha Orezonlan. a araat mnrnlna news
paper, employs a distinguished literarrf
architect to construct a peripterous.
H does 1l It has rows of columns oaf
east. west, north and south. I
The Peripterous becomes a Free Audito
rium for the expression of incompetent. lr
relevent and immaterial opinion. new
verse and anecdotes
Spring has done well thus far,- but
the test will come when the prunes
are in bloom. The temptation to wash
the pollen from the blossoms is usually
too strong for Jupiter Pluvius to re
sist.
The I. W. W. are not so keen about
sabotage when it is applied in the
form of tar and feathers by the in
dignant citizens of communities they
formerly thought they could terrorize.
The position of the Umatilla farm
ers is that they are willing to pay
good wages and guarantee fair treat
ment to competent hands, but that
sundowners" need not apply.
It Is understood that Boston is just
awakening to the fact that the Brown
ings which are expected to do so much
for the success of our men in France
are not Robert and Elizabeth.
Once more we are reminded that
one never hears anything about the
Russian navy except when there is a
'mutiny or one of its ships has been
sunk.
HOW HAPPY H(?ME WAS BROKEN UP
Skull-Spring; Croasbonea.
"Speaking of the eternal triangle,"
remarked old man Withers to the hab
itues of the Skullsprlng Emporium the!
other night, "did you ever hear of the!
pathetic case of Colonel Charlie MaH
ble?
"Colonel Marble, along about Chrls
mas, 1915 went up to the Portland to
find out whether it was really the in-
tentlorr-to Impose an. iniquitous prohibi
tion law upon a liberty-loving people.
"This pains-taking Investigation
naturally took him Into a good many
of the prominent resorts and interfered
seriously with his meal hours. Along
about midnight he began to feel the
pangs of hunger. The thing be most
desired was old-fashioned stewed
chicken.
'In the course of his inquiries he had
made the engaging acquaintance of an
Individual whose sole name seemed to
be Gloomy Gus.
'Gloomy Gus was doubtful about old-i
fashioned stewed chicken. He held to
the unalterable belief that no real chef
could cook stewed chicken so that it
tasted like anything except something
else.
At the first grill Gloomy Gus In
quired of the waiter if they had a real
chef.
Yes, sir, was the reply, 'right from
the Waldorf-Astoria.
So they took a couple of drinks and
let it go at that.
'At the next grill they made the
same Inquiry.
'Our chef has IllRt- coma from rha
Waldorf-Astoria,' was the word. So
there was nothing to do but drink
again.
The third place also had a Waldorf-
Astoria chef, and Colonel Marble began
to get Interested in coincidences. His
marvel grew when the fourth grill
turned out to have a chef from the
same New York hotel.
'At the 11th grill they were still
finding Waldorf-Astoria chefs and no
old-fashioned stewedi chicken. Gloomy
Gus was shedding tears. By that time
they were near the water front and
Gloomy Gus proposed that for the mo
ment they give up the hunt for old
fashioned stewed chicken and visit the
captain of a Chilean bark that was
loading lumber.
The captain of the bark was hos
pitable and proposed a Chilean night
cap. Colonel Marble says that all he
remembers about its flavor was that it
distinctly reminded him of the time he
idly ate a juniper berry.
After the second nightcap a terrible
storm arose. The Bhip swayed and
rocked and, as the two Investigators
started down the gangplank, a sudden
lurch threw Colonel "Marble into the
river.
"He was rescued by the harbor pa
trol and interviewed by a reporter.
v "When, in the course of time, the
stage brought out our Portland paper,
we read that Colonel Marble, distin
guished citizen of Skullspring, had
fallen into the stream while chicken
hunting in the metropolis. The article
was villainously embellished with a
Hr:l W I.llT nf n .J..1v o-ontlAm n An-llnn-
a female.
'"That's why Mrs. Marble hasn't let
the Colonel come into the house since
1916."
OREGON SHIprARDS MAKE GOOD,
Decision of the Shipping Board to
contract for as many wooden ships as
will keep Oregon yards busy through
this year is the more welcome because
it is a tardy tribute to the capacity of
Oregon to provide a large share of
that bridge of ships by which our
Army Is crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
After doing Its utmost to get ships
from other coasts, even to the ex
tent of sending Pacific Coast timber
thither, the Board admits that it must
rely very largely on this Coast, be
cause the Pacific Coast has delivered
the goods. When six hulls go Into the
water in one week at Portland alone,
when a Portland yard beats the rec
ord by launching a steel ship sixty.
one days after the keel was laid, when
the best previous record of sixty-four
days was held by a Seattle yard and
whea a Columbia River yard chal
lenges an Eastern yard to a match in
speed and quality at turning out
wooden ships, then the Board is
"shown."
The Pacific Coast has an advantage
In building steel ships, which goes far
to offset the cost of hauling material
from the East. While zero weather
probably caused loss of half the work
ing days In three Winter- months on
the Atlantic Coast, work continued
with slight interruption In the open
sheds of the Pacific Coast yards. Thus
the mild climate of this Coast must
have a large part in enabling the
builders to make their record with the
Westgrove. This saving in time In
volves a saving of money which may
equal, if it does not exceed, the freight
on material.
Since Oregon has -made good, its
capacity should be fully used. It could
complete two vessels of wood or steel
every working day, or about 600 a
year, but it has contracts for only 168.
The prospect now held out, that more
vessels will be ordered by the Shipping
Board, and that any capacity which
the Government .does not need will be
released to private owners, is welcome.
There need be no apprehensiob lest by
so doing the Board will permit delay
of its own programme, for there Is a
wide margin of material and labor
vailable. All obstacles to the great
project of the Du Ponts should be re
moved, for Its vessels will render as
fficient war service in bringing n
The time will come when the hun
gry Austrians will refuse to be satis
fled with empty promises of . grain
from the Ukraine.
The world is beginning to hope that
the Kaiser spoke the truth when he
said that the "decisive moment of the
war" had arrived.
Every egg not consumed on Easter
can be put away, with proper precau
tions against deterioration, for use
next Winter.
,- The fate of Russia will discourage
any other nation from entering into
negotiations with Germany for a sepa
rate peace.
The Crown Princes of Prussia and
Bavaria are said to be fighting on the
western front safely in tha rear, of
course.
Of course, for the first few days we
shall not neglect to make a mental
reservation as to the real time it is.
Incidentally, the price of lumber
ought to be a sufficient check on any
riotousness in building operations.
The Germans who are stirring up
the Kurds are in danger of having the
whey knocked qut of them.
General Wood is fit physically to go
abroad, and only politics will keep him
at home.
It takes an Easter parade to show
how far out of date the sunbonnet is.
Why wouldn't the open-face pie be
a good scheme as a wheat conserver?
The householder patriot will
known by the garden he keeps.
be
FREE BERYICE AXD INFOR
MATION. The Oregonian has established
a bureau of Information and serv
ice at Washington City for the
benefit of its readers. No charge
Is made for a reply to any ques
tion relating to Governmental af
fairs or for procuring any avail
able Government publication. For
reply send 2-cent stamp.- Address
Frederic J. H a s k 1 n, director
Oregonian Information Bureau,
Washington, D. C. Do NOT write
to The Oregonian at Portland.
trates afit .fit-lK ejElosivs giateria1 1 .. m tu u'i'
LA i
In Pursuit of Tripe.
The Pacifist Board of Sciences has
gone tripe fishing. A detailed report
as to the habits of this peculiar fish
may therefore be expected within a
short time.
Until Wednesday the Pacifist Board
of Scientists was not aware that tripe
inhabited Pacific Coast waters. On
that day the sharp eye of Prof.
Undlty, of the board, detected this item
in a Portland evening newspaper:
Yesterday Mrs. Spencer demonstrated th
cooking and preparation of oysters to a large
crowd of Portland women. She began with
pint of oysters and three pints of tripe.
After taking tho fish through various de
grees of cleaning, scraping, arranging, the
magic of the cook. xwas well Illustrated in
presenting the women present with a dainty
concoction that savored so highly of th
oysters that the tripe could not be dis
tinguished. ,
All Inquiries, promptly made, failed
to reveal whence came this denizen of
the deep. Moreover, no tripe could be
found in the exclusive fish markets of
the city. Nor could any of the stores
handling fishing tackle say what sort
of bait should be used.
But the Pacifist Board of Scientists
has resources of its own. The board is
positive that it will be able to bring
back several tripe from Its fishing
excursion and will then promptly study
and classify them for the particular
benefit of newspaper writers in need
of brain food.
Another Fascinating Mystery.
Unfortunately, owing to the absence
from the city of the Pacific Pacifist
Board of Scientists, no solution of the
fascinating and complicated problem
submitted below can immediately be
given. Without any doubt, however, it
will detract much from the interest in
the forthcoming total eclipse of tho
sun:
onPTT.AVTI A.T a r-nV, 28 f in tha Ar-
chftect.) I'm worried and puzzled.
r, o.. J . iracla.l VA
move our ciOCKS ana waicnes wioau
one hour.
"How many hours long will ,aster
Sunday be 23, 24 or 2o?
"By moving our watcnes aneaa an
hour, we naturally are stealing one
hour's actual time from the day. Hence,
Easter Sunday will be only 23 Hours
long.
But the solar day will still have 24
hours' length, for moving our clocks or
watches one way or the other will have
o effect on the Dhenomena of nature.
Hence. Easter will be 24 hours long.
'But. asraln. If we move our time
pieces ahead an hour, we certainly
have added one hour of apparently
elapsed time to the day, so, of course.
Easter Sunday will Be za nours long.
'As I said before, I m flabbergasted.
"BILL STRANDBORG."
Down With 15-Cent Shine.
Senator Gluten Is delivering a series
ni iBtKroa nn "The. 15-Cent Shine and
Gluten SDoke at the Falrview school-
. - , L , 1 . ..
Thursday!,
The charge Is made by senator Glu
ten thAt the week-end increase in, the
price of shoe shines is the result of a
conspiracy between the bootblacking
trust and the Greek letter fraternities.
The only way to combat this imposi
tion, in nis opinion, is ior everyooay
to wear shoes that do not have to be
polished. He also advocates abolish
ment of the minimum wage board be
cause that body has taken no steps
to correct tne great wrong.
Senator Gluten declares that it Is the
God-given privilege of the honest
farmer, when he comes to town, to be
able to sit In an easy chair and have
someone else black bis boots for
change. Anything that interferes with
the privileges of the farmers strikes
at, ifls neart oi, eenaior vuuueo,