8 THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAXD, 3IAHCIT 31, 191S. Zt (Dmrirot.m rORTUVD. OH.EOOX. Xufr at Portland (nr.rtrtl Posteffles mm mm c,t-cla saaU Kattvr. abscripu ntM-iatwublr ta advear. inr Mail t rltv. b-lti-ll. a rr ......$ I i i v. Soaoa r tnrluli. at montk . . . . 4-3 I"iir. PliiiUr lr.elw.1-. thr months.. X I'aiir, imle( lncluiX bimUI..h -TS Ili r. wirhanjt Sunder. n yr . e litr. ithat i4niur. irrnoith. .51 Xti. r. wtthoat Stander. on monua ...... -" -als. a y r ..................... l oo y-ar -Basilar aad Weekly k-M bt Carrier rtty. PnrnAmr tnnviu n yT. ..... $ t AO I-ellr. Sunday ln-o-li. o month. ..... .T3 IB:)r. vlthvsl sun-tai. on yr. ...... T.so I.i!)r. wttbout S-ja.lar. thr month. . .. 1.T1 Imj.t, wuaout Sunday, oo moalfc..... .oft: Mow t oVowlo ffofid prMtofTle) aMMly c 4r. iip-w or pornol cam- your laral ak. Stamp, coin or ctr r-n rr x at wa r rlaa. ol pnatofflc addxeas la lull, ia clwllaf cooncy ud slot. footoco lain 1 1 ts 1 pas-. 1 cent: 11 t" :3 P'. J lti. S t 44 pas-a, a coats, o to vac. conta: J t ! po-coa. conta; 7 to mi pace. S caAta. yorl-a poet doubi rale. Eattar Boolawoa Offlr Terr at Conk, ltn. riri.new1--k buildine. Nw Tors.: Vorro at Cooklia. Stcr bu,id!n. rhlraa-o: Vor r a) Conklln. r'roo frmmm pallillo. Detroit. lirb.; San rranftor rp atau. K. J. Indwell. 3tJ ilarS.l trl I Ins to that accorded to the profession MEMBER Or Til K AOClATTD fUfSS. Tbo Aoaociatvt Hr-a to ovrtontvolr ontl fo to tbo mm for rpuMl"lKa of all aoo atatMirhoo er-.iit-l to a or not ohrwto rr..iaf to tot ppr. aaa siao ta toe maw aiHitarl hrtn. Ail nsr.ta of rpubitratloa of rpoclal dla- patrhe herein aro ala reaaewed- lORTl-a!0. HOD.4T. Ji ARCH SI. lata. r BEADING KrtTTR. 1 TTia rytfnatlc and far-reacMna" datura of Orniin plana for tha dla aemlnaUoo of kultur throuichout tha world are only brcinntn to b appre rtated. It U not. as tome tiara up poaavt. of ppontaneous irrowth. Tha work of orcanUtnK poopla of German 2rcent lo forclcn countrlra tnto pa ra ta unit has been carried on artlvrlr r ainra IS J9 by veral porlrtlra within tha German empire, and It aim) ha had the direct support of the Gor man a-overnmrnt- Appropriations for tha aid of Gorman school In other land, because of th'lr recornlxed po litical, and even military, value, have been made rrrularlr by tha Kelchatajr. These appropriations at tha time the war broke out amounted to 1.0U0.000 marks a year. Subscriptions by pri vate rttisens of Germany, however. 1 have been even larger. A list of such benefaction, raneinc from 000 to SSO.000 mark, has recently rome Into J : ton of the American authorities. Amertrans are lndcbtid to tha re s' arch of rrofnwor YmtI B. f perry, of the department of history of Syracuse 1'ntverstty. for new enlightenment on the subject. The schema to dominate the world was based upon tha orcanl cation of Gorman Into distinct na tional froupa, wherever they tulirht be found, and it itave first recotmltlon to choola as a factor In tha preservation of unity. It has only recently coma to light that there were S240 such school in forrtirn lands, of which 4)1 were In the United States. The number doea not Include thoae in tha German epeakms retfon of Austria. Measures to Germanize Bohemia by stern sup pression of Czech culture are not taken Into account. The list of 6240 schools embraces only those) ernploytnr the Indirect, as contrasted with the aup- pressive. method. There are, for ex ample. (00 of them In liraail. Hardly country In the world has escaped. One such school In New Zealand baa received official German support. Tha most Interesting revelation of all I contained tn the citation of the so-called "Iclbrueck law, enacted by the German government In 111 which provides that a German tmntt- irrant about to be inducted Into a for elrn citizenship may receive from a German Consul tha privtleca of re taintnir his German citizenship after Ir.e is vested with that of his adopted country. Of this law Professor Spcrry says: W ftTi Oorman tmmlfT) t tha t r a doubi clttMnanlp, jne two tatr tr atiavtanr an4 duttrs which vrr citl- liaro but on purpooa oo to hold th all- Slanc of th tranitirrant that In caa a ron- f hrt r Int-ro-t occurs ho will aoatnt many racbar than hi adoptad country. Th t.arman sovarnmrnt thu anu-avor to pr- It citllan front bocomln loyal and iaoamhlt cttian of tbo countrlea trhlch Bi ihm iraoilum and fioa parity. Testimony as to the purpoea of tha entire system Is abundant In the writ ings of Germans themselves. Thus a rontrtbutnr to one of several periodi cals devoted to the task of creatine an all-German nation. In an article on "German Schools In Korclcn Lands,' says that "we are concerned chiefly with the national and cultural alms of the German school abroad, and adds that "the German school, alone with the Gerfian orphans' home, the German church and the German press la tha most essential factor In the at tainment of this roal. Another writer pays that the alrt of these schools should be not only to perpetuate Ger man nationality anions; the children Tf German trumlKrants. but "should Impart German kultur to the children of other rationalities also. In an ap peal for funds for the maintenance of these schools, another writer declares that "work done In the Interest of the German school abroad ts a noble serv ice rendered to the German nation, for one of tha most effective means of perpetuatinir German ism In foreign countries is the school. German appreciation of tha utili tarian val ta of tha school Is a bistort raj fart- ' Germany has been a pioneer In public education. As to tha ethical eide. one will draw his own conclu pions from the typical utterance which JTofesaor S perry quotes from "Das Greasers rvutschland." declarinir that "the reproach often brought asalnat the German-American that as soon as la rocs to America he becomes an American citizen ts unjustified, and addtn: Por If h Soa eoa baron an Amorlraa t j ho haa ao otc at tr a:orton. n inr.a-ro of ny kind I th Xauoo' politi cal aftfclr. Ho la pria;'ia.t. hoaar. and caa and ait l haart. taousht aad aatur to romaui a laortaaa. This. then. Is the German view as expressed In Germany: and the ofSclal character of the propaganda con ducted throush the schools Is well established. It ts not to be denied that many thousands of citizens of German descent are loyal, but It U not these who have been active In tha work of preventing assimilation of Immigrants Into one nationality the American. Undoubtedly, there ts no place In any country for those who advocate dis ruption. We know that there can be no divided alleriance. We ace the evtl of "Ielbrueck laws. And wo ob serve that a new test of loyalty ts necessary. Advocatrs of "education which has as its aim tha creation of schism and disruption, are enemies of the country arainst trhlch their aldioue proparanla is directed. In- Tha heanntr before the House mili tary committee at Wasbinrton re cently on the Kdmonds bill, provldlnv for the formation of a pharmaceutical corps In the Army. Is the culmination cf a lone ficht by American phar ynicut, ta tu recojuiUoa sorrnj-oud- ln and of Japaji. Tha bill would confer tha rank of Major npon tha comman der of tha corps, and would provlds a number of Captains and Lieutenants Opponents of the measure take the rround that dispensing tn tha field Is so much a matter of "counting tab lets and measuring ready-made reme dies that tha same skill la not required as In civil Ufa. Advocates, however, point to the groat number of duties that could be performed by skilled pharmacists, such as supervision of medical purchases, making of analyti cal testa and 11 rat-aid work as Indi cating a way In which, tha time of physicians could be saved for strictly medical and surgical lines. Threat ened ahortaga of man power in tha Medical Corps has given tha phar macists an added argument which la being presented for all It la worth before Contrresa. rXACX AXD LIGHT. Aad Clod said. lei. there be llcht. aad there was Ushu No doubt In Bis gracious time Omnipotence will again speak: and there will ba peace. But It will be no peace. If right shall not triumph and wrong forever ba cast Into outer darkness. There are those of little faith who think that tha right and Justice are, after all. mere words, and only might can endure. If that la so, a bad causa has Just aa" good an op portunity to survive as a good causa. It la not true. It Is a thought wHlch violates all tha solemn promises and sacred prophecies of Divinity; and It runs counter to every Instinct of our common humanity. So wa know bet ter, indeed. But It Is not always easy, when one sees tha steady progress of Brute Force, to keep an unwavering faith. Surely, It la not a part of the Divine plan that the world be given over to tha wild beasts of Kultur. Atrocity, murder, spoliation, cruelty and bar bartsm are words which belong in the devil's lexicon. They have been adopted by Germany as Its very own. Why God Buffers the devil to live Is a part of the Great Mystery. But ao It la. Just now bla masquerade is as tha German Kaiser. On this Easter day wo shall hear much about peace, but nothing now about peace without victory or peace without honor. Tha world knows that there can be no peace until Kultur Is slain In Its citadels. There Is a world where there are peace and good will among men: and wa are enjoined to seek It aa the greatest human aspira tion. It Is not an Impious thought that there can be no good will toward madmen. It may not bo necessary to hata the Kaiser and his minions, but It Is necessary to rid the world of them. Let us have peace. Indeed, but a German peace never! God slve as peace Net each ss talis t staon, Hut word ea tbtso, sad brow with par poo knit! aa1 lot ur hip ef tt te harbor sweep. Ilr port all up. hoe battle laatorna lit Aad har icaahed thunders gathering tor their leap. from spilling tha stuff In filling shells. By conserving methods In making the shells already ordered. It is estimated that 4. JtS, 000 pounds of TNT, worth fl a pound, might be saved. But manufacturers are paid cost plua 10 per cent, and would gain nothing by this saving. Hence It seems to be up to tha Government to enforce precau tions similar to those adopted by the British government. While we are sacrificing tha Uvea of our best youth in battle, no Uvea should be wasted avoidably In supplying them with munitions. is it roNirrnmonALT It will not make much practical difference tn the long run, but the day's leeway given the courts on the new standard time carries with it an unjust reflection upon the Intelligence and understanding of soma very worthy citizen. The profound rea son given for this exception In behalf RETRIBUTION. German chickens are coming home to roost, according to recent reports from the police of the larger cities. The spirit of lawlessness, the example of which was set by the Government itself. Is reflected In an amazing In crease of murders, thefts and bur glartea, Train robbery by armed gangs, here tofore unheard of In that country, has been practiced and the offenders have escaped. The more able-bodied police have been sent to the front, and the older men now on duty are unable to enforce the law. Returned soldiers In a land where every man Is a soldier have been lm bued with the riotous spirit that was encouraged by their officers In Bel glum. Having been Instigated to com mit crimes out of the line of the duty of a soldier In battle, they quite nat urally have not all of them returned to tha pea earful frame of mind that held them before the war. It ts a problem that Germany will ba obliged to work out for Itself, and that la likely to prove vexing for at least a generation. of the Multnomah County courts that the lawyers. Jurors and witnesses may neglect to set their watchea and clocks ahead the first day. They will come trailing along after the common herd twenty-four hours later. In making serious protest against this outrageous reflection upon a class of citizens, we are thinking only of the Jurors and witnesses. They are from the common people, and have Just as much right to be considered In full possession of their faculties as the shipyard workers, streetcar men, lettercarriers, clerks, stenographers. schoolteachers, bankers and grocers. Why blame the necessity upon them when everybody knows It is the law. yers alone who are considered? No self-respecting Judge or lawyer will be guilty of setting his watch ahend this morning. That would In dicate to the public that he Is given to snap judgments. One who Is true to the ethics of bis profession will not act in this weighty matter until he has satisfied himself positively that It Is constitutional. It is perfectly all light to give the courts another day In which to satisfy themselves on the legalities of bepin- ning business an hour earlier, but let it now be definitely admitted by the courts that it Is on account of the judges and lawyers, not the Jurors and witnesses. Let the courts give Justice In this matter. If in nothing FOIMOXIXO WITH TNT. An Insidious disease growing out of munition manufacture has become known as TNT poisoning, which la discussed In a report to the Bureau of Labor Statistics by Archie Rice, who has been connected with the Industry In this country and has studied reports from British factories. Krom past ex perience he estimates that In the man ufacture of the 71,000,000 rounds of cannon ammunition ordered by the Cnlted States there will be from 7000 to 17.000 rases of this disease, and that from IIS to 474 of them will be fatal. Tha large number la ascribed to tha frequency with which work people change their Jobs, each job being filled by from two. to thirty per sons In a year. Tha risk might, according to Mr. Rice, be reduced (0 to to per cent "with reasonable and very Inexpensive precautions and with proper medical supervision. The subject was dis cussed at the convention of the Amer ican Public Health Association lost October, and at a later conference be- een health officials and munition makers to consider a health and hy gienic code for munition factories, the munition men voted down a clause proposed by tha health men. They argued that workers should not be told of the danger lest they be made apprehensive, and that memoranda to be used tn self-protection and as a guide to physicians la treating tbem honld not be given, because they might become tha bases for damage suits. As an alternative they pro posed that all the doctors tn the country be educated In diagnosis and cure of the disease, which would take years, during which there would be many victims. How successful have been the precautions proposed la In- icated by the statement that the pre Ictloa of 17.000 cases and 47S deaths i based on the experience of one American factory in seven and a half montha before they were adopted. while that of 7000 cases and 1SS deaths la based on the entire twenty montha of operation. iTotectlon of employes health Is shown to be good bus'nesa for the Government. Poisoning occurs from imrcgaaUoa of the air. iUi TXT PC KEWS AXD PROMOTION. Nearly every Western community owns at least one serious citizen who haa a confirmed idea that no news should be sent from his town unless it Is a, rosy account of progress or story of the delightful climate. Whether he would be satisfied with a newspaper that printed only such news from other communities has never been fairly tested, but the chances are he would be the first to complain. There la one such a banker In Montana, who Is now supplying- the press with a three-page defense of Montana's climate, liberally sprinkled with records and tables. The innocent text for his circular is the following dispatch, which appeared in the Chi cago Tribune: THIRTT BELOW IV MONTAVA AND MERCURY STILL. FALLING lorartaton. Mont. Jan. SO. Thirty derreaa halow aaro was th temperature, her oarly toniffht aad th forecast wa for even colder weather. Plmllnr never cold was Doing ex perienced throughout th state. There Is no charge that the dispatch la an untruth, but he says of it: I boMev this in the moot Inan. aanav less impulse that could possibly aeix a thoughtful newapapor man and cannot un derstand any newspaper offli-e that will In dulge such a thlnr. even thousb there ! fto-cont fe for th Item to tho editor or reporter who will put such a telegram on the wir; whea It Is known that people In Eaat- state ntrtin a seriously unfair. In correct Impreesioo regarding our weather. there a newspaper man who dooa not know that our Winters are very mild com pared to other state In th same latitud. and that th occasional flashes of low tem perature, always of th briefest duration, are. becanoo of tho dryness of our atmos phere, never of great moment ? Whether newspaper writers should preserve a dignified silence, when there Is an "occasional flash of low tempera ture" in Montana, or should be per mitted to mention It only in connec tion with a detailed description of the beautiful weather that preceded It and will doubtless follow it. Is not clearly set forth. But there was once a young man In the state of Washing ton with similar Ideas who broke into the newspaper business. One day there was an explosion in a highway construction camp and several men were killed. A San Francisco news paper wired for a long special story. The young newspaper man filled the order as to number of words, but he said very little about the explosion, and a great deal about what the high way, when completed, would mean to the development of Whatcom County. The disastrous sequel was that the story was not printed and the young man lost his Job. There Is a distinct difference be tween news and promotion. The fact fhat the exceptional constitutes much of the news is lost to sight by the home booster. If -30 degrees were the usual Winter temperature in Montana and so understood to be by the public, the Chicago newspapers would say nothing about it. And, to get back to an earlier thought. If newspapers published promotion literature only there would soon cease to be news papers. whether sale of American property owned by non-resident Germans would not violate the treaty of 1799,, which makes special provision for protec tion of citizens of each country in the territory of the other In the event of war between them. But Senator Mar tin pointed out that this protection does not extend to American holdings of Germans who are now In Germany, saying: Th wrier ef this property are not In th United 6tata now: they are abroad and waging wax n th Unltd states, and that war has created extravagant profits which are accruing. The treaty also stipulates that Its provisions "are to be as sacredly ob served as the most acknowledged ar ticles In the law of nature and na tions," but Senator Knox suggested that Germany has violated the law of nature and of nations, and that the United States might use that fact as justification for ignoring the whole treaty. Senator Martin left that point to be considered at the end of hos tilities, but he held It to be Incon ceivable that the United States should account even for the value of German property when we took It over, "un less they come Into this accounting themselves and account for the de struction they have brought about and for the havoc they have caused to the property of American citizens." Although the value of the seized German property is estimated at a billion dollars, it is not likely that in such an accounting any balance would remain payable to Germany, When every ship and cargo sunk in defiance of international law, every munition plant and plant destroyed at the in stigation of German agents, had been paid for, and when compensa tion had been made for the many American lives sacrificed while we were neutral, there would more prob ably be a balance payable to the United States. the rDLL8 side of the stort, As to the differences in the early days between the whites and the In dians of the Northwest, the effort seldom has been made to tell the story from tho Indians viewpoint. The old-time theory that the "only good Indian was a dead Indian," how ever much it may have been founded upon bitter experience with cruelty and treachery, may not have been applicable to all Instances. That there were two sides to the wars of 1855-58 In what is now the state of Washing ton is strongly and interestingly set forth in "Ka-mi-akln, the Last Hero of the Takimas," written by A. J. Splawn, a well-known pioneer, who spent his early boyhood in Linn County, Oregon, and was for half a century a resident of the Taklma country. The work, now published posthumously, is the fisvt sustained attempt to show that the conflict might have been avoided if different measures had been adopted by the leaders among the whites. ference, to permit them to give fur. ther consideration to a question of first importance to them, he thinks was reasonable. "It was," he says. "no Idle affair with them. It meant giving up their birthright, land which Ithey believed theirs by every lawful right" He holds that the whites were carried away with the idea of obtain ing signatures to documents, over. looking the "more important question whether the Indians were satisfied with the result." He suggests that It would have been wiser to permit them to depart and return for an other council, devoting the Interval to the removal of distrust caused by the Governor's reported words that "if they refused to sell, soldiers would be sent to wipe them off the earth." Whether he had said this or not, the Indians thoroughly believed that he had done so. ( Ka-ml-akin Is pictured as a man embittered by threats made against his people, but as, in his earlier years, a friend of the white settlers. It is said that he condemned the Whitman massacre and frustrated plans of the Cayuses to combine with other tribes against the soldiers sent to avenge the wanton murder of the missionaries. He advised against the war of revenge projected by the chief Pe-peu-mox-mox on the settlers of the Willamette Valley for the killing of his son. Elijah Hedding. at Redding, Cal., and a messenger was sent to Fort Van couver to warn Dr. McLoughlin. He was a man of progressive" tendencies, the first Importer of cattle from the white man's country, and he showed unusual sagacity in making later pur chases from the settlers to keep up his herds. It is this character which' the author asks his readers to believe would have furnished the foundation for enduring peace if the council of vva.ua walla had been csnducten dif ferently. But those who have faith in the word of prophets will believe that all was foreordained that came to pass. Mr. Splawn includes in his compre hensive story a good deal of the legendry of the tribes with which he deals. He finds that Ka-mi-akin's father, known to the Yakimas as Ki-yi-yah, was a deserter from one of the tribes farther east, and that an aged medicine man of the ' Yakimas foretold that he would marry the daughter of the Yakima chief, that he would return to his own people, and that their son would coaVe back to the land of his mother, where he would lead the warriors In their last stand against the hated race. Final defeat of the Indians was foretold. And so it came to pass. from Chile as will the Government ships In carrying supplies to France. If other yards were permitted to take private contracts, their vessels would help the general purpose by car rying to Australia the lumber which now swamps the mills and hinders their production of ship timbers, and by bringing back the wheat which is in danger of rotting on the ground. They could relieve the railroads by carrying flour and oil to Europe and wool to the Atlantic Coast. Additions to the merchant fleet are as effective counter strokes to the submarine as additions to the transport fleet, for they make good losses In the world s total tonnage. In order that Oregon may advance her interests as a state, and in order that the submarine may be beaten, shipbuilding should be speeded up in this district, not only by the employer, but the workman. The war on the sea is two-fold by the Navy in destroy ing submarines, and by the shipbuilder In turning out more vessels to replace those which have been sunk. The man who drives rivets in a ship is fighting the Kaiser as effectively as the man who fires a' gun on a de stroyer. By the same rule, the man who limits the number of rivets he drives in a day or otherwise loafs on the job is not merely a slacker, but a traitor, for he helps the enemy by ob structing work essential to victory. Discovery, made in Philadelphia art circles, that there are no inherent 'atmospheric difficulties" in the paint ing of attractive American landscapes, would have been made long ago if it had not been for the tendency of the public to look to the old world for its guidance in all matters artistic. The Public Ledger looks upon the award of a prize by the Academy of Fine Arts to a painting by an American, upon an American subject, as "an in spiring reminder that the public has discovered what .the more sensitive have known for years." It may also indicate a more general awakening on the part of Americans to the value of all things American, and to birth of an American spirit, free from boxer ism, which will sea that there are beauties at home as well as in foreign countries. The notion that there was something peculiarly concealing about American air had remarkable vitality, considering the instable character of the foundation upon which it rested. MAKE VO PROFIT FOR THE KXFMT. One of the greatest labors growing out of the war is the disposal of Ger man property ln the United States. While German subjects who have be. come fixed residents of this countrv are not molested so long as they do no hostile act. American property of Germans who remain abroad is seized by the custodian of enemy property. Much of this property is in the shape of factories, mines, land, or of stock in companies owning them, and the question arose whether this property should be administered for the benefit of its owners and the Income returned with the property at the end of the war, or sold to Americans or citizens of friendly nations, the proceeds be ing held for tho benefit of the former owners. The latter course is favored by A. M. Palmer, tho custodian, because much of the property Is believed to be actually owned by the Kaiser and the Junkers against whom in particular we are at war. In fact, he told a Senata committee that "we run into things that make us think that the German government has an Interest In the various Industries" which he is operating for German owners. As trustee for the Germans, Mr. Palmer Is making enormous war profits on all kinds of manufactures, and he says: If I most srmply sit here, holding th stock of the companion making these enor mous profits out of th war, with th possi bility of returning both principal and profits e th Cterman owners at th end of tha war. am doing a tremendous favor to tho Cer- amaa Empire, our enemy. Further, these German Investments are the very Instruments of German economic penetration of this country, and their German managers have been the centers of pro-German agi tation, making their business into strongholds of the enemy In our terri tory. A part of the necessary work of tearing out the cancerous growth which Germany haa spread through the United States Is to transfer this property from German to American owners, that the profits may accrue to Americans instead of accumulating for use In a new economic war upon us.' Tbo opportunity may be taken to free American Industry from Ger man control. In preparation for possi ble legislation to maintain Its inde- The two great men of the Yakim war, says the author, were Ka-ml-akin and Governor Stevens, of the Terri, tory of Washington. The author de scribes the pioneer Governor as strong, forceful man, of great abil ity," but he charges him with mis takes which precipitated a war which might have been avoided. He is, how ever, also unsparing of his criticism of other white leaders. He thinks that Stevens failed to understand the In dians' desire to act only after due deliberation, and that he was unsym pathetic, and forced an issue when delay would have meant permanent peace. This takes us back to the momentous council of Walla Walla, in 1851. when tho principal tribes were called together. Previously there had been mutterlngs of war. The In dians had been storing food against the emergency. Stories had been cir culated that the new Governor had come West with the avowed purpose of driving the Indians from their lands If they declined the white man terms. There were peace-at-any-price advocates among the red men, who urged that resistance would be use less, but they had been overruled by the warriors. The Cayuses were par ticularly truculent. The whites had strong allies in the Nea Perces, who afterward served them so well, under the leadership of Lawyer, their cele brated chief, although his title was disputed by Looking Glass, a more celebrated Ner Perce warrior. The whites had entered the council prepared to offer the confederated tribes two reservations. Because o complications arising afterward, they offered a third reservation for the Cayuses, the Umatillas and the Walla Wallas in their own country. The chieftains finally gave their consent. Ka-ml-akin held out until the last. By the treaties the Yakimas surren dered 29,000 square miles, including the entire present area of five coun ties In Washington and parts of two others, reserving only the Yakima reservation of less than 1,200,000 acres. The Nes Perce relinquished territory out of which was formed the large part of Whitman, Garfield, Columbia and Osotin counties In Washington, Union and Wallowa counties' in Oregon, and Nez Perce County In Idaho. They retained, how ever, a very large reservation, the surrender of part of which in 1863 against the wishes of young Joseph led to the war of 1877. The Cayuses, Umatillas and Walla Wallas gave up territory embracing Walla Walla County in Washington, and parts of Union and Gilliam counties in Oregon. For the whole area ceded, says Mr. i?plawn, the Indians were to receive about I65U.U00, part oi wnicn was paid in the form of annuities to chief tains and concessions in the way of houses. Implements and tools. The author does not deny the sign ing of the treaty by authorized repre sentatives of the tribes, or the break ing of it afterward by the Indians. He rests his case rather upon the Im plication that the treaty was wrested from them under threats. It is ad mitted that previously, at "the most noted gathering of red men ever seen in this vast territory," the Interested chiefs had agreed to mark the boun daries of the different tribes, and that each chief should claim the entire land for a reservation for his people. The circle when completed Included practically all 'the land In Eastern Washington and a large part of the area of Eastern Oregon, leaving no lands to treat for with Governor Stevens. It was then agreed that If the Governor asked for a council It should be agreed to, but that no land should be surrendered. The spirit of war was thoroughly aroused. It was In this spirit that the tribes approached the council at Walla Walla. It would seem that the documen tary evidence strongly supported the contention of the whites. On its face It would appear that the Indians re garded the treaty as a compact made but to be broken. But Mr. Splawn pleads for an understanding of the Indians' view of the sacredness of the soil, which they regarded with super stitious reverence. Their plea for a pendence of foreigners In the future A question was raised 1a the Senate! postponement or me- Yvaua, walla con- HUMII.ITY IN THE GARDEN. KipHng'was not a truck gardener, or even an "agriculturalist," but he sensed a large measure of the value of thorough work In the management of the home vegetable garden when he wrote: Ob, Adam was a gardener, and God, who made bim. sees That half a proper gardener's work ts done upon his knees. Perhaps not half, since the wheel hoe was invented to save the backs of men, but still a good part of the work of keeping the rows free from weeds and in a proper state of cultivation can be well done in no other way than by humbly getting down on the ground and getting right at the root of things. The home gardener who this year ex pects to accomplish definite results without some backache is destined to be disappointed. For the time to kill a weed Is when it is a tiny affair, hardly distinguishable from the plant It is desired to preserve, and no tool has been invented which will dis tinguish between friend and foe, when a man is standing. The better the start of the vegetable, the better its prospects for survival later, and the more neglect it will bear, once it has established itself. Onions and carrots are examples of crops that require a- great deal of hand-work under most favorable con ditions. Those who expect to cultivate all their crops standing up will do well not to plant these vegetables, or parsnips and others like them. They should confine their attention to cab bages and potatoes. But the injunction Is not meant to be discouraging. By all means there should be more home gardens this year than ever. The Nation needs them and its very life may depend upon them. The slogan, "A garden for every family," adopted by some cities, is a good one to bear in mind And the pleasant Spring days now in prospect are an invitation to every in dividual with even a tiny bit of spare land to busy himself with putting in the crop. The planning period is over and now is the time to plant. The Ukranians, in prohibiting the use of the Russian language, are only turning the tables on their former oppressors. There was a time when Russian scholars seriously contended that Ukranian had no right to survive. But in the end It will depend onthe use that is made of it whether it will justify Itself. Senator Williams said what millions of Americans are thinking when he declared that Senator La Follette should be expelled. That remark may smoke out the committee which has done nothing with the expulsion move ment since Congress met four months ago. The Peripterous. Ferlpteroos A Structure Having Rows of Columns on All Sides. Dictionary. (Synopsis of preceding synopses.) Tha Orezonlan. a araat mnrnlna news paper, employs a distinguished literarrf architect to construct a peripterous. H does 1l It has rows of columns oaf east. west, north and south. I The Peripterous becomes a Free Audito rium for the expression of incompetent. lr relevent and immaterial opinion. new verse and anecdotes Spring has done well thus far,- but the test will come when the prunes are in bloom. The temptation to wash the pollen from the blossoms is usually too strong for Jupiter Pluvius to re sist. The I. W. W. are not so keen about sabotage when it is applied in the form of tar and feathers by the in dignant citizens of communities they formerly thought they could terrorize. The position of the Umatilla farm ers is that they are willing to pay good wages and guarantee fair treat ment to competent hands, but that sundowners" need not apply. It Is understood that Boston is just awakening to the fact that the Brown ings which are expected to do so much for the success of our men in France are not Robert and Elizabeth. Once more we are reminded that one never hears anything about the Russian navy except when there is a 'mutiny or one of its ships has been sunk. HOW HAPPY H(?ME WAS BROKEN UP Skull-Spring; Croasbonea. "Speaking of the eternal triangle," remarked old man Withers to the hab itues of the Skullsprlng Emporium the! other night, "did you ever hear of the! pathetic case of Colonel Charlie MaH ble? "Colonel Marble, along about Chrls mas, 1915 went up to the Portland to find out whether it was really the in- tentlorr-to Impose an. iniquitous prohibi tion law upon a liberty-loving people. "This pains-taking Investigation naturally took him Into a good many of the prominent resorts and interfered seriously with his meal hours. Along about midnight he began to feel the pangs of hunger. The thing be most desired was old-fashioned stewed chicken. 'In the course of his inquiries he had made the engaging acquaintance of an Individual whose sole name seemed to be Gloomy Gus. 'Gloomy Gus was doubtful about old-i fashioned stewed chicken. He held to the unalterable belief that no real chef could cook stewed chicken so that it tasted like anything except something else. At the first grill Gloomy Gus In quired of the waiter if they had a real chef. Yes, sir, was the reply, 'right from the Waldorf-Astoria. So they took a couple of drinks and let it go at that. 'At the next grill they made the same Inquiry. 'Our chef has IllRt- coma from rha Waldorf-Astoria,' was the word. So there was nothing to do but drink again. The third place also had a Waldorf- Astoria chef, and Colonel Marble began to get Interested in coincidences. His marvel grew when the fourth grill turned out to have a chef from the same New York hotel. 'At the 11th grill they were still finding Waldorf-Astoria chefs and no old-fashioned stewedi chicken. Gloomy Gus was shedding tears. By that time they were near the water front and Gloomy Gus proposed that for the mo ment they give up the hunt for old fashioned stewed chicken and visit the captain of a Chilean bark that was loading lumber. The captain of the bark was hos pitable and proposed a Chilean night cap. Colonel Marble says that all he remembers about its flavor was that it distinctly reminded him of the time he idly ate a juniper berry. After the second nightcap a terrible storm arose. The Bhip swayed and rocked and, as the two Investigators started down the gangplank, a sudden lurch threw Colonel "Marble into the river. "He was rescued by the harbor pa trol and interviewed by a reporter. v "When, in the course of time, the stage brought out our Portland paper, we read that Colonel Marble, distin guished citizen of Skullspring, had fallen into the stream while chicken hunting in the metropolis. The article was villainously embellished with a Hr:l W I.llT nf n .J..1v o-ontlAm n An-llnn- a female. '"That's why Mrs. Marble hasn't let the Colonel come into the house since 1916." OREGON SHIprARDS MAKE GOOD, Decision of the Shipping Board to contract for as many wooden ships as will keep Oregon yards busy through this year is the more welcome because it is a tardy tribute to the capacity of Oregon to provide a large share of that bridge of ships by which our Army Is crossing the Atlantic Ocean. After doing Its utmost to get ships from other coasts, even to the ex tent of sending Pacific Coast timber thither, the Board admits that it must rely very largely on this Coast, be cause the Pacific Coast has delivered the goods. When six hulls go Into the water in one week at Portland alone, when a Portland yard beats the rec ord by launching a steel ship sixty. one days after the keel was laid, when the best previous record of sixty-four days was held by a Seattle yard and whea a Columbia River yard chal lenges an Eastern yard to a match in speed and quality at turning out wooden ships, then the Board is "shown." The Pacific Coast has an advantage In building steel ships, which goes far to offset the cost of hauling material from the East. While zero weather probably caused loss of half the work ing days In three Winter- months on the Atlantic Coast, work continued with slight interruption In the open sheds of the Pacific Coast yards. Thus the mild climate of this Coast must have a large part in enabling the builders to make their record with the Westgrove. This saving in time In volves a saving of money which may equal, if it does not exceed, the freight on material. Since Oregon has -made good, its capacity should be fully used. It could complete two vessels of wood or steel every working day, or about 600 a year, but it has contracts for only 168. The prospect now held out, that more vessels will be ordered by the Shipping Board, and that any capacity which the Government .does not need will be released to private owners, is welcome. There need be no apprehensiob lest by so doing the Board will permit delay of its own programme, for there Is a wide margin of material and labor vailable. All obstacles to the great project of the Du Ponts should be re moved, for Its vessels will render as fficient war service in bringing n The time will come when the hun gry Austrians will refuse to be satis fled with empty promises of . grain from the Ukraine. The world is beginning to hope that the Kaiser spoke the truth when he said that the "decisive moment of the war" had arrived. Every egg not consumed on Easter can be put away, with proper precau tions against deterioration, for use next Winter. ,- The fate of Russia will discourage any other nation from entering into negotiations with Germany for a sepa rate peace. The Crown Princes of Prussia and Bavaria are said to be fighting on the western front safely in tha rear, of course. Of course, for the first few days we shall not neglect to make a mental reservation as to the real time it is. Incidentally, the price of lumber ought to be a sufficient check on any riotousness in building operations. The Germans who are stirring up the Kurds are in danger of having the whey knocked qut of them. General Wood is fit physically to go abroad, and only politics will keep him at home. It takes an Easter parade to show how far out of date the sunbonnet is. Why wouldn't the open-face pie be a good scheme as a wheat conserver? The householder patriot will known by the garden he keeps. be FREE BERYICE AXD INFOR MATION. The Oregonian has established a bureau of Information and serv ice at Washington City for the benefit of its readers. No charge Is made for a reply to any ques tion relating to Governmental af fairs or for procuring any avail able Government publication. For reply send 2-cent stamp.- Address Frederic J. H a s k 1 n, director Oregonian Information Bureau, Washington, D. C. Do NOT write to The Oregonian at Portland. trates afit .fit-lK ejElosivs giateria1 1 .. m tu u'i' LA i In Pursuit of Tripe. The Pacifist Board of Sciences has gone tripe fishing. A detailed report as to the habits of this peculiar fish may therefore be expected within a short time. Until Wednesday the Pacifist Board of Scientists was not aware that tripe inhabited Pacific Coast waters. On that day the sharp eye of Prof. Undlty, of the board, detected this item in a Portland evening newspaper: Yesterday Mrs. Spencer demonstrated th cooking and preparation of oysters to a large crowd of Portland women. She began with pint of oysters and three pints of tripe. After taking tho fish through various de grees of cleaning, scraping, arranging, the magic of the cook. xwas well Illustrated in presenting the women present with a dainty concoction that savored so highly of th oysters that the tripe could not be dis tinguished. , All Inquiries, promptly made, failed to reveal whence came this denizen of the deep. Moreover, no tripe could be found in the exclusive fish markets of the city. Nor could any of the stores handling fishing tackle say what sort of bait should be used. But the Pacifist Board of Scientists has resources of its own. The board is positive that it will be able to bring back several tripe from Its fishing excursion and will then promptly study and classify them for the particular benefit of newspaper writers in need of brain food. Another Fascinating Mystery. Unfortunately, owing to the absence from the city of the Pacific Pacifist Board of Scientists, no solution of the fascinating and complicated problem submitted below can immediately be given. Without any doubt, however, it will detract much from the interest in the forthcoming total eclipse of tho sun: onPTT.AVTI A.T a r-nV, 28 f in tha Ar- chftect.) I'm worried and puzzled. r, o.. J . iracla.l VA move our ciOCKS ana waicnes wioau one hour. "How many hours long will ,aster Sunday be 23, 24 or 2o? "By moving our watcnes aneaa an hour, we naturally are stealing one hour's actual time from the day. Hence, Easter Sunday will be only 23 Hours long. But the solar day will still have 24 hours' length, for moving our clocks or watches one way or the other will have o effect on the Dhenomena of nature. Hence. Easter will be 24 hours long. 'But. asraln. If we move our time pieces ahead an hour, we certainly have added one hour of apparently elapsed time to the day, so, of course. Easter Sunday will Be za nours long. 'As I said before, I m flabbergasted. "BILL STRANDBORG." Down With 15-Cent Shine. Senator Gluten Is delivering a series ni iBtKroa nn "The. 15-Cent Shine and Gluten SDoke at the Falrview school- . - , L , 1 . .. Thursday!, The charge Is made by senator Glu ten thAt the week-end increase in, the price of shoe shines is the result of a conspiracy between the bootblacking trust and the Greek letter fraternities. The only way to combat this imposi tion, in nis opinion, is ior everyooay to wear shoes that do not have to be polished. He also advocates abolish ment of the minimum wage board be cause that body has taken no steps to correct tne great wrong. Senator Gluten declares that it Is the God-given privilege of the honest farmer, when he comes to town, to be able to sit In an easy chair and have someone else black bis boots for change. Anything that interferes with the privileges of the farmers strikes at, ifls neart oi, eenaior vuuueo,