THE SUNDAY OEEGONtAIf, PORTLAND, OCTOBER- 4, 1914. -
f
. A 7
r--r n 'Tf "ntsary
Military Dirigible with Suspended Steef Boat Flying Near Sossbaeh, Where Frederick the
Oeteated the French and Their German AUfes-
EPPELIN
TAKEN FROM AN
ALTITUDE OF 500 FEET
The Town t Weissenfel on the River Saale. About 34,000 Inhabitants
i tli 1 j
.The eeventft Century Castle of NeuenburB on the fover Untrut. Near Freybura Noted for lt O-- X - Recreation Grounds at Naumburg. The People Seen Are Celebrating the -Cherry FestivaP '
Sparkling Wines. . " " " " - - - in Memory ot the Evacuation by the Hussites in 1432.
QVIi4'? SPPtrT5 I Bismarcc -nir7aTweiJecte-a "ST-Unitv. I ITSJSl''-? 'f-Tl WSS I
Buildings of the Military Academy at Naumburg.
PLYING terror! This name has been
bestowed on the Zeppelin dirigible
as now perfected for war purposes.
At a safe height, 1000 yards or more,
soars the cigar-shaped balloon, some
500 teef. long, propelled by double
screws. A gondolan, built of steel
plate and proof against rifle bullets, is
so fastened that it can be lowered to a
few hundred feet from the ground, to
take observations or to throw bombs on
the enemy.
Like a dreadnought with auxiliaries,
submarines, torpedo boats, destroyers
find hydroplanes, the aerial war craft
comprises scouting aeroplanes to ward
off attacks and a. crew pilot engi
neers, photographer, signalman, artil
lerists picked men all. This Is the
latest development, after years of
trials, after scores of failures, of Count
Zeppelin's dirigibles.
Until war was begun some airships
were still engaged in missions of pleas
ure, carrying passengers across Ger
many. . There were scheduled regular
excursions between Berlin, Hamburg,
Cologne, Frankfurt on Rhine, Munich
' Lu(zenL Where Gustavus Adolphusof Sweden, Defeated Germans and Austrians in 1 632. The Chapel Is a
Memorial Harking the Field of Battle. Part of Which Lies Under the Shadow of the Dirigible,
naumburg. on the River Saale. The Catholic Church Shown .Dates from the Twelfth Century.
fortable than a ride In a noisy, jolting,
dust-filled railroad car.
After the first sensation, feeling that
nothing solid is beneath one and a sus-
all sides free air you feel like a bird, the field of battle, part of It now dark
exhilarated, intoxicated. ened by the shadow from ttve dirigible.
I recently had an opportunity to par- In one of the photographs o Naum-
ticipate in a trial trip from the depot burg we see the recreation grounds
picion of seasickness bravely overcome, at Leipzig, traversing some picturesque with tents and many people assembled.
assembled and In procession appeared eleventh century and was one of the
before the Hubs general, Prokoplus, residential palaces of the laudgrafen of
praying for the Intruders" departure m Thurlngia.
the name of peace. Prokopius granted ,?n the Photograph of a military diri-
the petition of the defenseless and soon lblif??l"Z L lnfanty w 'i'T,
, , . , . on the fields near Hossbach, about half
left with his unruly followers. When way between Xeuenburg and Naum-
me cnerries are ripe every year a iair burg. The battle of Rossbach. in 1757,
one s equanimity of equilibrium is re
stored in spite of the knowledge that
all laws of gravitation are being defied,
all nervousness subsides In favor of a
sense of confidence disanDears in the
and Leipzig. In calm weather the trip absorption of overwhelming novelties,
through the aerial regions, at speed to be winged through the air onward.
ui. v on uravea immensely upward; novel sights, new sensations, the combined German and Austrian
Interesting and certainly far more com- fascinations. Light unimpeded from hosts In 1632. A memorial chapel marks
bits of the Saxon country. A few pho- The white dots denote light dresses,
tographs were attempted at an alti- which are in preponderance on suck oc
tude of 600 to 800 feet. Reproductions casions. It is the annual "Cherry Fes-
are shown on this pa
This district is celebrated for the
battles fought in It. At Lutzen King
Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden defeated
tival," In memory of the year 1432. Sax
ony had been Invaded by the warlike
Hussites, who did not hesitate to use
the sword to persuade the Saxon Cath
olics to accept the new doctrines. In
sore plight, the children of Naumburg
and festival is held.
Castle Xeuenburg is on the River
I'Tistrut, some four miles north of
Naumburg and to the south of Frey
burg, a small town well known from
its chief product of sparkling wine, also
as the home of "Father John," the or
iginator of modern gymnastics, the
German "turner."
Castle Neuenburg dates from the
was fought and will live In history for
its widespreadlng results. Frederick
the Great of Prussia with his 22,001
men signally defeated 40,000 French
under General i-oublse. assisted by art
almost equal number of German ullle:
on the French side.
Near It, In 1813, another fierce but
indecisive engagement was fought by
the united Russian and Prussian forces
aa1nst the French.
IKellriysiologica Effects o
Games. Training c&?Over
Exertion. '
Ol
BERLIN. Sept. 1. (Special Corre
spondence.) Professor Albert Al
bu, Germany's greatest authority
n nutrition and on the hygiene of
eport, has published a pamphlet which,
fortunately, got out ahead of the war.
It upsets many current notions as to
the physiological effects of games.
this over-exertion do not produce any
chronic abnormality which a doctor can
recognize as an athlete's heart.
I r. Albu has proved this by exam
ination. In some cases he found that
the heart had decreased in size; in some
it had increased, and in others there
was no change in Its size. Hence games
training and over-exertion. He laughs and athletics, if they affect the heart
at most accepted ideas and sets up a at all, affect it in different ways, but
new sport theory of his own, the main there can be no question of a particu
point of which is that a man is either lar diagnosable kind of "athlete's
fit or not fit for sport, and that in the heart." This conclusion Is backed by
first case it Is immaterial what sport the South German doctor, Maltzahn,
he chooses. who says he has examined the hearts
All sports whlcn require strained f 70 footballers, hockey players and
bodily exertion affect the body, says long-distance walkers and runners and
Professor Albu. in the same way. The "found nothing that can be traced dis
tinctively to sport exertion."
Albu says that from the hygenic
standpoint the choice of games and
sports Is Immaterial. A game affects
a man's health not because of Its
nature, but because of his nature. The
vital questions are the player's age,
his bodily constitution and power of
resistance; finally the question of his
training. If a man is all right in these
respects he can choose what sport be
likes.
Over-exertion, says Albu, does exist
as a hygienic fact, though it has no
permanent effect on the heart. The
best test of it is the time taken after
playing an active game for tne heart
to revert to its normal pulsation. A
healthy heart, after strong but not ex
cessive exertions, ought to return to
its normal number of beats within 15
minutes after the exertion ends. If
it takes much longer, then over-exertion
may be assumed.
Long walks, carrying burdens, are
one A the chief causes of such over
exertion. The German military "bag-
the exertion lasts the gage marches" Gepackmarschen con
pump into the arteries stantly produce over-exertion. In these
from three to five times the normal marches the men cover from 20 to 35
cuantity of blood. This means an in- miles, carrying knapsacks, rifles, bay
crease of pressure In the blood vessels onets and cartridges. Sometimes the
until the heart's muscles through over- knapsacks are filled with sand. Pro
exertion suffer a kind of temporary fessor Albu's examination of men after
paralysis. But frequent repetitions of such achievements shows that . over-
supposed physiological difference be
tween quick, brief and violent games
and slow games with sustained bodily
etrain does not exist.
The effect upon heart and kidneys is
identical; and it is a mistake to think
that the heart is affected by the first
and not by the second. The organ
which is affected "is the brain. Violent
sports which involve overheating have
iangers for the brain, but for the heart
they have no more dangers than has
slow, heavy exertion. The hearts of a
long-distance walker and of a football
player undergo the same strains and
risks.
Laymen, says Albu, exaggerate the
permanent influence of sport on the
heart. There is no such thing as an
athlete's heart. By "athlete's heart" is
meant a heart hypertrophied or other
wise typically affected by over-exertion.
All exertion affects the heart's
functioning in a particular way.
"Whether a man plays a game violently
for five minutes or exerts himself heav
ily for five hours, his heart functions
in the same way.
As long as
heart has to
I - 1 , - - ' s ' ' I
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''I - , -"-T I " 1 '
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v v:;v If
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exertion is general. Of eight men ex
amined npt one regained his normal
heart beat within half an hour of the
end of .the march.
Vegetables, says Albu, aVe a wholly
unsuitable diet for any man who wants
to cover a long distance, or otherwise
eating soldier has the greatest endur
ance. Many feats of endurance have
been accomplished on vegetable food,
but that only proves the marvelous
adaptability of the body to unsuitable
nourishment. ,
m
Dr. Horaz Maltzahn supplements
these theories with the doctrine that at
some ages women are quite as well
fitted as men are for violent exertion,
and that at some ages they are even
superior. There is no game, however
violent, which girls under 14 may not
play on equality with boys. Between
14 and 20, girls , sbould play games
moderately and avoid violent exercise.
After 20, if they are In good health they
are as fit to play games as men.
When past middle life women are
rather better equipped than men to play
games. "The spectacle of elderly
women of past 50 engaging in games
which require quick movements often
causes laughter, but nine out of ten
women of 60 are better fitted to play
lawn tennis and golf than men are."
It Is a mistake, says Maltzahn, to as
sociate nervous strength with dexterity
in sports and games. On the contrary,
people with weak nerves that is, so
called "nervous" people are commonly
the best game players. Dr. Maltzahn
came to this conclusion after testing
the nervous condition of lawn tennis
players, good and bad. He tested the
players for nervous reactions and found
that of seven particularly adept and
skillful players six had abnormally
great reactions, thus indicating exces
sive nervousness. After that he tried
numerous bad and indifferent players,
including nearly the whole of his local
club, and he found that most of the dif
ferent players had slight that is,
healthy reactions.
"It is not true," says Maltzahn, "that
'strong' nerves go with skill In games
and sports. The best players have
usually delicate or hypersensitive ner
vous systems. That is true, at least, of
lawn tennis and billiard players, but it
is not necessarily true of footballers
or boxers. There is a state of the body
which may be called "sportgemasa' or
'sport fit.' It is a nervous state. Men
and women of dull, lymphatic tempera
ment seldom make good game players,
and. as a rule, they have no liking for
games. Liking for games is the in
dividual's desire to bring out a dex
terity and adeptness which are part of
a nervous temperament."
classification of humanity would be nervous yet virile types. It is the cus
lnto "sport individuals" and "non-sport torn In Germany to ascribe this type to
individuals." The sport individuals in- sport. It is probable, however, that
elude the finer half. "Hence Anglo- Anglo-Saxon sport is the result of thif
Saxon countries abound in delicate, type and not the cause of it."
EVEN THE PLANTS ,GET
TIRED, SAY SCIENTISTS
to keep up extra exertion during a long
period. That is a scientific fact, be
cause vegetables are poor in albumen,
which is needed to replenish the mus
cles. The fact may- also be proved
empirically. German tests In the bag- "
ge marches"- show that the flesh- v Maltzahn says , that a good rough
DR. J. C. BOSE. of Calcutta, whose
experiments have aroused so much
interest In London, sees life not so
much asserting itself by an adaptation
to environment as recording itself by
its responses to stimulus. The stimu
lus may be chemical or mechanical, it
may be stimulus of heat or of light or
of electricity. The response, again.
may.be mechanical, as in the case of a
contraction of muscle, or it may be
shown by certain electrical changes. It
is by these electric responses that a
unity of matter may be demonstrated,
for it is of no consequence whether
the stimulus was applied to a metal, to
a plant or to a piece of animal muscle,
response was universal.
Hence he describes death as the fail
ure to respond to stimulus.
"Nor steel nor poison.
Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing
Can touch him further."
wrote Shakespeare of the dead King; he
had passed beyond "response."
Dr. Bose has contrived strange in
struments that tell us exactly when
the dying fail to respond. Not only will
plants show us the death struggle, but
they will, through his Inventions, re
cord their gradually weakening re
sponses until the end. To all who are
fishtlng against experimental animal
vivisection there is something very
suggestive in these discoveries, seem
ing as they do to point the way to an
Investigation of animal reactions
through the examination of vegetable
organisms. ' '
Plant functions are immensely sim
ple compared with .the complexities of
animal physiology, but the difference is
one of degree, not kind. This humane
vlvlsector has proved incontestably by
his researches in plant irritability that
anaesthetics and s'timulants. cold and
heat, starvation and repletion, poisons
and antidotes produce identical effects
upon plants and animals.
He has extorted the same response
from metals. "Tin," he writes sympa
thetically, "is, usually speaking, almost
indefatigable. I have obtained several
hundreds of successive responses show
ing practically no fatigue." He has
studied fatigue exhaustively; weary
cauliflower stalks have sighed out their
story to him and platinum has yawned
for his benefit. It is not too much to
say that he has found a continuity ol
reaction throughout the organic and in
organic world.
Incidentally, he has corrected some
of our popular notions of phenomena
Shelley's sensitive plant
"Opened its fernlike leaves to the light.
And closed them beneath, the kisses o!
night."
For a long time we all thought it
slept. But we are told "the fanciful
name of sleep is often given to the
closure of certain leaflets of certain
plants during darkness. These move
ments . . . have nothing whatever
to do with true sleep." Shelly's "Mi
mosa," in point of prosaic fact, keeps
very late hours, falling asleep in the
early hours of the morning and waking
up "at noon.
PuKhball om Horseback.
The American Boy.
Pushball has won some favur as a
game played by contestants on foot,
the object being to push the ball over
the other team's goal line. But now
the Out-West Riding Club of Los An
geles is playing the game on horse
back. The ball Is six feet in diameter,
air-inflated and built like a basket
ball. Mounted on - bronchos, the riders
endeavor to force the ball over the
goal, the ponies doing the actual push
ing. The scrimmages are exciting in
the extreme, as horses and riders are
often thrown. The players are hardy
and well trained and so usually escape
injury.
Small Choice.
(Boston Transcript.)
Pat Yis, sorr, wur-rk Is scarce, but
Ol got a job last Sunday that brought
me foive dollars.
Mr. Goodman What! You broke the
Sabbath? '
Pat (apologetically) Well. sorr.
'twas a case of wan or the other av us.