THE SUNDAY OEEGONtAIf, PORTLAND, OCTOBER- 4, 1914. - f . A 7 r--r n 'Tf "ntsary Military Dirigible with Suspended Steef Boat Flying Near Sossbaeh, Where Frederick the Oeteated the French and Their German AUfes- EPPELIN TAKEN FROM AN ALTITUDE OF 500 FEET The Town t Weissenfel on the River Saale. About 34,000 Inhabitants i tli 1 j .The eeventft Century Castle of NeuenburB on the fover Untrut. Near Freybura Noted for lt O-- X - Recreation Grounds at Naumburg. The People Seen Are Celebrating the -Cherry FestivaP ' Sparkling Wines. . " " " " - - - in Memory ot the Evacuation by the Hussites in 1432. QVIi4'? SPPtrT5 I Bismarcc -nir7aTweiJecte-a "ST-Unitv. I ITSJSl''-? 'f-Tl WSS I Buildings of the Military Academy at Naumburg. PLYING terror! This name has been bestowed on the Zeppelin dirigible as now perfected for war purposes. At a safe height, 1000 yards or more, soars the cigar-shaped balloon, some 500 teef. long, propelled by double screws. A gondolan, built of steel plate and proof against rifle bullets, is so fastened that it can be lowered to a few hundred feet from the ground, to take observations or to throw bombs on the enemy. Like a dreadnought with auxiliaries, submarines, torpedo boats, destroyers find hydroplanes, the aerial war craft comprises scouting aeroplanes to ward off attacks and a. crew pilot engi neers, photographer, signalman, artil lerists picked men all. This Is the latest development, after years of trials, after scores of failures, of Count Zeppelin's dirigibles. Until war was begun some airships were still engaged in missions of pleas ure, carrying passengers across Ger many. . There were scheduled regular excursions between Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Frankfurt on Rhine, Munich ' Lu(zenL Where Gustavus Adolphusof Sweden, Defeated Germans and Austrians in 1 632. The Chapel Is a Memorial Harking the Field of Battle. Part of Which Lies Under the Shadow of the Dirigible, naumburg. on the River Saale. The Catholic Church Shown .Dates from the Twelfth Century. fortable than a ride In a noisy, jolting, dust-filled railroad car. After the first sensation, feeling that nothing solid is beneath one and a sus- all sides free air you feel like a bird, the field of battle, part of It now dark exhilarated, intoxicated. ened by the shadow from ttve dirigible. I recently had an opportunity to par- In one of the photographs o Naum- ticipate in a trial trip from the depot burg we see the recreation grounds picion of seasickness bravely overcome, at Leipzig, traversing some picturesque with tents and many people assembled. assembled and In procession appeared eleventh century and was one of the before the Hubs general, Prokoplus, residential palaces of the laudgrafen of praying for the Intruders" departure m Thurlngia. the name of peace. Prokopius granted ,?n the Photograph of a military diri- the petition of the defenseless and soon lblif??l"Z L lnfanty w 'i'T, , , . , . on the fields near Hossbach, about half left with his unruly followers. When way between Xeuenburg and Naum- me cnerries are ripe every year a iair burg. The battle of Rossbach. in 1757, one s equanimity of equilibrium is re stored in spite of the knowledge that all laws of gravitation are being defied, all nervousness subsides In favor of a sense of confidence disanDears in the and Leipzig. In calm weather the trip absorption of overwhelming novelties, through the aerial regions, at speed to be winged through the air onward. ui. v on uravea immensely upward; novel sights, new sensations, the combined German and Austrian Interesting and certainly far more com- fascinations. Light unimpeded from hosts In 1632. A memorial chapel marks bits of the Saxon country. A few pho- The white dots denote light dresses, tographs were attempted at an alti- which are in preponderance on suck oc tude of 600 to 800 feet. Reproductions casions. It is the annual "Cherry Fes- are shown on this pa This district is celebrated for the battles fought in It. At Lutzen King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden defeated tival," In memory of the year 1432. Sax ony had been Invaded by the warlike Hussites, who did not hesitate to use the sword to persuade the Saxon Cath olics to accept the new doctrines. In sore plight, the children of Naumburg and festival is held. Castle Xeuenburg is on the River I'Tistrut, some four miles north of Naumburg and to the south of Frey burg, a small town well known from its chief product of sparkling wine, also as the home of "Father John," the or iginator of modern gymnastics, the German "turner." Castle Neuenburg dates from the was fought and will live In history for its widespreadlng results. Frederick the Great of Prussia with his 22,001 men signally defeated 40,000 French under General i-oublse. assisted by art almost equal number of German ullle: on the French side. Near It, In 1813, another fierce but indecisive engagement was fought by the united Russian and Prussian forces aa1nst the French. IKellriysiologica Effects o Games. Training c&?Over Exertion. ' Ol BERLIN. Sept. 1. (Special Corre spondence.) Professor Albert Al bu, Germany's greatest authority n nutrition and on the hygiene of eport, has published a pamphlet which, fortunately, got out ahead of the war. It upsets many current notions as to the physiological effects of games. this over-exertion do not produce any chronic abnormality which a doctor can recognize as an athlete's heart. I r. Albu has proved this by exam ination. In some cases he found that the heart had decreased in size; in some it had increased, and in others there was no change in Its size. Hence games training and over-exertion. He laughs and athletics, if they affect the heart at most accepted ideas and sets up a at all, affect it in different ways, but new sport theory of his own, the main there can be no question of a particu point of which is that a man is either lar diagnosable kind of "athlete's fit or not fit for sport, and that in the heart." This conclusion Is backed by first case it Is immaterial what sport the South German doctor, Maltzahn, he chooses. who says he has examined the hearts All sports whlcn require strained f 70 footballers, hockey players and bodily exertion affect the body, says long-distance walkers and runners and Professor Albu. in the same way. The "found nothing that can be traced dis tinctively to sport exertion." Albu says that from the hygenic standpoint the choice of games and sports Is Immaterial. A game affects a man's health not because of Its nature, but because of his nature. The vital questions are the player's age, his bodily constitution and power of resistance; finally the question of his training. If a man is all right in these respects he can choose what sport be likes. Over-exertion, says Albu, does exist as a hygienic fact, though it has no permanent effect on the heart. The best test of it is the time taken after playing an active game for tne heart to revert to its normal pulsation. A healthy heart, after strong but not ex cessive exertions, ought to return to its normal number of beats within 15 minutes after the exertion ends. If it takes much longer, then over-exertion may be assumed. Long walks, carrying burdens, are one A the chief causes of such over exertion. The German military "bag- the exertion lasts the gage marches" Gepackmarschen con pump into the arteries stantly produce over-exertion. In these from three to five times the normal marches the men cover from 20 to 35 cuantity of blood. This means an in- miles, carrying knapsacks, rifles, bay crease of pressure In the blood vessels onets and cartridges. Sometimes the until the heart's muscles through over- knapsacks are filled with sand. Pro exertion suffer a kind of temporary fessor Albu's examination of men after paralysis. But frequent repetitions of such achievements shows that . over- supposed physiological difference be tween quick, brief and violent games and slow games with sustained bodily etrain does not exist. The effect upon heart and kidneys is identical; and it is a mistake to think that the heart is affected by the first and not by the second. The organ which is affected "is the brain. Violent sports which involve overheating have iangers for the brain, but for the heart they have no more dangers than has slow, heavy exertion. The hearts of a long-distance walker and of a football player undergo the same strains and risks. Laymen, says Albu, exaggerate the permanent influence of sport on the heart. There is no such thing as an athlete's heart. By "athlete's heart" is meant a heart hypertrophied or other wise typically affected by over-exertion. All exertion affects the heart's functioning in a particular way. "Whether a man plays a game violently for five minutes or exerts himself heav ily for five hours, his heart functions in the same way. As long as heart has to I - 1 , - - ' s ' ' I I- t ''I - , -"-T I " 1 ' It ( - w v v:;v If - ' o exertion is general. Of eight men ex amined npt one regained his normal heart beat within half an hour of the end of .the march. Vegetables, says Albu, aVe a wholly unsuitable diet for any man who wants to cover a long distance, or otherwise eating soldier has the greatest endur ance. Many feats of endurance have been accomplished on vegetable food, but that only proves the marvelous adaptability of the body to unsuitable nourishment. , m Dr. Horaz Maltzahn supplements these theories with the doctrine that at some ages women are quite as well fitted as men are for violent exertion, and that at some ages they are even superior. There is no game, however violent, which girls under 14 may not play on equality with boys. Between 14 and 20, girls , sbould play games moderately and avoid violent exercise. After 20, if they are In good health they are as fit to play games as men. When past middle life women are rather better equipped than men to play games. "The spectacle of elderly women of past 50 engaging in games which require quick movements often causes laughter, but nine out of ten women of 60 are better fitted to play lawn tennis and golf than men are." It Is a mistake, says Maltzahn, to as sociate nervous strength with dexterity in sports and games. On the contrary, people with weak nerves that is, so called "nervous" people are commonly the best game players. Dr. Maltzahn came to this conclusion after testing the nervous condition of lawn tennis players, good and bad. He tested the players for nervous reactions and found that of seven particularly adept and skillful players six had abnormally great reactions, thus indicating exces sive nervousness. After that he tried numerous bad and indifferent players, including nearly the whole of his local club, and he found that most of the dif ferent players had slight that is, healthy reactions. "It is not true," says Maltzahn, "that 'strong' nerves go with skill In games and sports. The best players have usually delicate or hypersensitive ner vous systems. That is true, at least, of lawn tennis and billiard players, but it is not necessarily true of footballers or boxers. There is a state of the body which may be called "sportgemasa' or 'sport fit.' It is a nervous state. Men and women of dull, lymphatic tempera ment seldom make good game players, and. as a rule, they have no liking for games. Liking for games is the in dividual's desire to bring out a dex terity and adeptness which are part of a nervous temperament." classification of humanity would be nervous yet virile types. It is the cus lnto "sport individuals" and "non-sport torn In Germany to ascribe this type to individuals." The sport individuals in- sport. It is probable, however, that elude the finer half. "Hence Anglo- Anglo-Saxon sport is the result of thif Saxon countries abound in delicate, type and not the cause of it." EVEN THE PLANTS ,GET TIRED, SAY SCIENTISTS to keep up extra exertion during a long period. That is a scientific fact, be cause vegetables are poor in albumen, which is needed to replenish the mus cles. The fact may- also be proved empirically. German tests In the bag- " ge marches"- show that the flesh- v Maltzahn says , that a good rough DR. J. C. BOSE. of Calcutta, whose experiments have aroused so much interest In London, sees life not so much asserting itself by an adaptation to environment as recording itself by its responses to stimulus. The stimu lus may be chemical or mechanical, it may be stimulus of heat or of light or of electricity. The response, again. may.be mechanical, as in the case of a contraction of muscle, or it may be shown by certain electrical changes. It is by these electric responses that a unity of matter may be demonstrated, for it is of no consequence whether the stimulus was applied to a metal, to a plant or to a piece of animal muscle, response was universal. Hence he describes death as the fail ure to respond to stimulus. "Nor steel nor poison. Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing Can touch him further." wrote Shakespeare of the dead King; he had passed beyond "response." Dr. Bose has contrived strange in struments that tell us exactly when the dying fail to respond. Not only will plants show us the death struggle, but they will, through his Inventions, re cord their gradually weakening re sponses until the end. To all who are fishtlng against experimental animal vivisection there is something very suggestive in these discoveries, seem ing as they do to point the way to an Investigation of animal reactions through the examination of vegetable organisms. ' ' Plant functions are immensely sim ple compared with .the complexities of animal physiology, but the difference is one of degree, not kind. This humane vlvlsector has proved incontestably by his researches in plant irritability that anaesthetics and s'timulants. cold and heat, starvation and repletion, poisons and antidotes produce identical effects upon plants and animals. He has extorted the same response from metals. "Tin," he writes sympa thetically, "is, usually speaking, almost indefatigable. I have obtained several hundreds of successive responses show ing practically no fatigue." He has studied fatigue exhaustively; weary cauliflower stalks have sighed out their story to him and platinum has yawned for his benefit. It is not too much to say that he has found a continuity ol reaction throughout the organic and in organic world. Incidentally, he has corrected some of our popular notions of phenomena Shelley's sensitive plant "Opened its fernlike leaves to the light. And closed them beneath, the kisses o! night." For a long time we all thought it slept. But we are told "the fanciful name of sleep is often given to the closure of certain leaflets of certain plants during darkness. These move ments . . . have nothing whatever to do with true sleep." Shelly's "Mi mosa," in point of prosaic fact, keeps very late hours, falling asleep in the early hours of the morning and waking up "at noon. PuKhball om Horseback. The American Boy. Pushball has won some favur as a game played by contestants on foot, the object being to push the ball over the other team's goal line. But now the Out-West Riding Club of Los An geles is playing the game on horse back. The ball Is six feet in diameter, air-inflated and built like a basket ball. Mounted on - bronchos, the riders endeavor to force the ball over the goal, the ponies doing the actual push ing. The scrimmages are exciting in the extreme, as horses and riders are often thrown. The players are hardy and well trained and so usually escape injury. Small Choice. (Boston Transcript.) Pat Yis, sorr, wur-rk Is scarce, but Ol got a job last Sunday that brought me foive dollars. Mr. Goodman What! You broke the Sabbath? ' Pat (apologetically) Well. sorr. 'twas a case of wan or the other av us.