The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, April 13, 1913, SECTION TWO, Image 22

The Sunday Oregonian., April 13, 1913, SECTION TWO, Page 6, Image 22

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Newspaper Page TextTirE SI-XT) AY OTJKGOXTAX, rORTT.AXD. APRIL 13, 1918. 6 HOUlGGOHDITil SA1ST0 BE MENAGE Special Committee 'of Con curriers League Ready to Report to Mayor. MANY DARK ROOMS FOUND Prediction Made That I'nlcss Slrln' Kent Code Is Adopted and En forced Portland Soon Will Face Serious Problem. FACTS ABOUT PORTLAND'S HOISIXG PROBLEM. Out of 1400 sleeping-rooms In vestigated. 20 per cent are with oot windows. Th most exclusive. hij-h priced apartment-houses are betr.g built with wlxidowles.-- kitchens, alcove bedrooms with no window, and bathrooms In which artificial llht la necessary In mid-day. A hotel which 25 years ito was rated the finest on the Coast has 4S Inside rooms out of a total of 11T. Another hotel with a total of 90 rooms has 4 dark rooms. In a five-room home was found a family, eonslstins; of father, mother and three children, and II lodgers. The beds were scattered throughout the bouse, even the kitchen, where the meals for the 17 were cooked, being- supplied with sleeping accommodations. In South Portland a family of seven children. father and mother, live In basement quarters In which tne two bedrooms are ' pitch black on the brightest day. The front of the basement Is built srain-t the earth embank ment and the roar opens on a barn yard, from which Issues In the Summer I thousands of gnat and flies anil an Intolerable stench. For this the family pays tit a month. Loriaing-house conditions are becoming deplorable when such rooms as the following can rent for -i cents a night: Room 7 by a.1?, thin clapboard partition.', no window and the transom boarded up. Hundreds of simitar rooms are found In the cheap loriginx-housi's along; Front. First and Second streets. After an Investigation of Portland's housing- conditions made during: the past five weeks under the direction of a special committee of the local branch of the Consumers' Lea-cue. that com mittee Is ready to report to the Mayor that Portland, despite public opinion to the contrary, already baa a housing problem and that unless an adequate building and housing code la adopted, we shall soon be faring the vexing problems that have confronted Atlantic Coast cities. For years Portland cltixens have sat by complacently surveying; her numer ous breathing spots, her fine homes set In the center of the block, her parks and her fust-growing suburban life and said in their hearts. "We have no housing problems. The congestion ti-at menaces the health, morals and lives of the people of the large cities In the Fast Is not to be found here. Those evils cannot touch us." Saryrtae la Fxpeeted. To such as these the report of the Consumers Leairue committee and that of the special Investigator, Miss Caroline Qleanon. will come as a dis tinct surprise. It will be an unwel come revelation to learn that out of atime 1404 rooms thus far investigated. 20 per cent are dark, with no windows and that In many of these the transom, the one source of light and air have been nailed up. That there are hotels or lodging houses where more than 50 per cent of the rooms are "dark" rooms. that Is, rooms with no windows: that the greed for more rent uncontrolled by the law. permits four houses to be built on a 50-fool lot. nearly every foot of area being covered, and that sani tary arrangements are badly neg lected. In the face of the results of the in vestigation the committee, consisting of ltev. KM win V". O lUra, chairman: W. B. Ayvr. Frederick Strong, r K. Teb betls. Mrs. Henry Russell Talbot and Mrs. Millie Trumbull, aa a provisional suggestion, will recommend that the housing code be made a separate code tern which has been adopted by all tile progressive cities of the country. Their auggestions will favor an ordinance covering ail provisions necessary for one to observe who is builtlin a tene ment or a dwelling. Their recommen dations will be submitted to the Mayor shortly, who some two months ago ap pointed a committee to revise the building; code. To this committee of the Consumers League the general committee has turned over the hous ing provisions of the building code. Three Reasoaa Aaalcaed. Father O Hara. chairman of the com mittee. In speaking of the causes of bad housing said: "Tncy are three: Neg lect, ignorance and greed. Neglect on the part of the public to provide ade quate code and Inspection: ignorance of the architects and builders as to what Is really necessary for proper sanitation and housing, and lastly, the greed of the landlord, who desires to get as much out of his building in rentals as pos sible and with a minimum of expense. "Our Investigation here in Portland lias proved to us tiiat w e have all the ranges leading up to bad housing con ditions right here and it moans that unle:s wo begin to altfr these condi tions at once, in the course of 10 years, when probably we shall have a city of Soo.oOO Inhabitants, and la the Panama C.tal there wi'.l be landed on our shores thousands of aliens who know neither our language nor laws, our problems will be as bad as the wor.n. Teorsaeat la lefleet, "Of course the normal condition is the bouse for the Individual famll. This Is the only housing condition un der which a democracy can really thrive. The building code, or rath-r the housing code should discourage the building cf tenements (and by tene ments the law means any house which is designed to be occupied as a resi dence by two or more families living independent of each other and doing their own cooking on the premises and having a common tail stair mays, etc), and encourage the architects and build ers to devise single houses for families. "No one. however," continued Father U'Hara. "is absurd enough to believe that a housing code will solve the hous ing proMem. In the old world, when they talk of city planning tbey do not mean t'le esthetic iM but study K from the health standpoint. The decentrali zation of Industry Is the real movement that has taken hold in the older coun tries. The big manufacturing plants ax distributed in the outskirts, where the employes may live In Individual homes convenient to their work and with a chean rental. Tha foundation of social rafonn Is environment. Probably poverty ls'due more to environment than any other one thins. Ertng a child up In a base' ment or cellar room, without sunlight or nroner nourishment and you have an underslsed. anemic Individual, who in school Is undergrade and when he goes to work finds he has a diminished earning power. You hare simply bred poverty, for poverty grows tinder the same conditions that tuberculosis does either will thrive In sordid, dark. filthy surroundings."" Congestion being the first element that auggests Itself when housing con ditions are to be met with the commit tee will recommend that, first there be a restriction of overcrowding of lot area occupied by the tenement . or dwelling. T5 per cent of the total area on corner lots to be permitted and 50 per cent on inside lots, with a yard required in the rear of each tenement extending across the entire width of the lot and of a depth of at least 18 feet. The size of both Inside and out side courts will also be demanded, the minimum fixed at not less than 12x24 feet. Four Stories te Be Limit, Tenements (the term Including all apartment-houses) may be limited to four stories in height, to prevent unde sirable congestion. This prevention of congestion In Its many phases has a social purpose, its ultimate aim being the protection of the welfare and well belrg of the apartment-house dwellers. naving In view the fact that tne hign- grale tenement-houses, or apartment houses of touay are the low-grade ones of the next generation, and if details of construction and sanitation are not restricted by law row that when they 'Ink In the seal" there will exist con ditions which will become a menace to public health and morals. Room over-crowding is another de tail of congestion which the housing code will seek to adjust. Formerly housing codes simply required that certain air space be allotted to each in dividual, so many square feet for an adult and '0 many for each child. Mani festly the problem of freth air was not solved, for no provision was made as to the source or whether the air was good or bad. The new code will require windows in each room and regulate the size of all air shafts and In addition landlords will be made responsible fqr tne numoer oi tenants under tneir roor. Thoroajtfc Rea-alalloa lateaded. Xhe code will have a chapter on new bouses, one on alterations to be pro vided In compliance with the laws: one on improvements which are compelled one on maintenance, such as care of Kurbage. lighting of halls, basements ann cellar rooms, etc The proposed housing code Is based on the Model Tenement-House Law by Latwrence velller. secretary of the Ni tlonal Housing Association, and Is In line wlttt the housing codes of some 30 other cities of this country which are attempting to regulate conditions be fore they become formidable. Miss Gieason, who has done the ac tive work of Investigation, has discov ered conditions in different sections of the city that strongly point to the be ginnings of slums. Provided with a deputy Inspector's star, she has pene trated many of the cheap lodging- houses In the undesirable districts, dis covering overcrowded conditions, un sanitary toilets, careless distribution of garbage, wet cellars, dark rooms, filth. accumulation of rubbish and dilapi dated buildings, while In Albina, South Portland and in certain North End sec tions she has unearthed much that was undesirablu'in single houses. In which several families are crowded, with In sufficient toilet facilities, water sup ply, light or ventilation. Bathroom laed for Storage. In one apartment-house in South Portland, built to accommodate aix families, two being basement apart ments, there are now living five fam ilies and 13 single rooms are rented out to as many Individuals, each cook ing, eating and sleeping In the single room. Second-floor dwellers are obliged to go either to the third or first floor for water and toilet accommodations. The one bathroom In the building Is used for storage purposes. Because of Insufficient plumuing facilities, occu pants throw waste water from their windows. The rooms on one side are dark, owing to the close proximity of another building. One of the rooms, oc cupied by an oid man. is known to the occupants as the "dog kennel. It Is six and one-half by 11 feet and con tains one window 10 by 18 Inches. The occupant cooks, sleeps and spends his day-time hours In this room. In a lodging-house In the same dis trict were found IS wlndowless rooms out of a total of 30. Each room had two beds in It, leaving barely enough space to stand In the room. The san itation was bad, the rooms reeking with odors. The ony running water available was In a sink on the back porch. The kitchen faced two toilets. Kxpenslve Apartmeata Criticised, Another type of tenement-house had 11 dark rooms out of 43. The rooms were divided up In suites of two rooms each for light housekeeping. In the case of the dark rooms either the kit chen or the bed-and-living-room had to be lighted by artificial light during the day. In summing up the results of her in vestigation to us far. Miss Gieason said: "There stands out in my mind a gen eral impression of bad sanitation, un necessary dilapidation, caused by the refusal of even wealthy landlords to make repairs: overcrowding both of rooms and lot area; bad garbage col lection, and strange lack of foresight on the part of builders and architects. In one of the most popular West Side apartment-houses, where no apart ments rent for less than 160. either the kitchens or bathrooms are dark. When these have deteriorated and are teeming with families who will be less particular of their care it will mean that they will be the lurking places for disease and become a menace to the public health, unless the housing code adjusts the matter." S25C0 AWARDED FOR DEATH Jury's Verdict Favors Widow ot Man Dying After Injury. The Jury in the case of Elisabeth F. Merrill, widow of and administratrix of the estate of V. E. Merrill, against the Missouri Brid-re & Iron Company and the Pacific Lime & Gypsum Com pany, an action to recover $7500 for a death, gave Judgment for 8250O against both corporations yesterday. The case was tried In Judge McGinn's court. September 23, 1912. Merrill, who was employed by the bridge company on construction work for the gypsum com pany at Gypsum. Baker County, Oregon, had bis hand and arm crushed by a falling beam. He was taken into the office of the gypsum company. where there was a nrst aid to the in jured kit. It was charged that he was given a poisonous antiseptic by an em ploye of the gypsum company, who thought he was administering wnisky. Merrill was then rushed to Hunting ton, eight miles away, for medical at tention. He died Just as he reached the office of a physician. Portland to Entertain Foresters. The Foresters of America will bold their state convention In Portland May 20 to 23. It is expected that every court In the state will be represented, and that there will be more than 100 dele gates. Portland courts are making preparations for the entertainment of the visitors. The grand court has of fered a sliver trophy tor the best drill and ritualistic work, and the competi tion will be a feature of the convention. OREGON TOWNS ORGANIZE TO HELP WORLD CHRISTIAN CITIZENSHIP MEET ChnrcJimen and Laymen Unite at Union Gathering to Co-operate in Promoting Big Conference in Parkland June 29 to July 6 California and Washington Show Keen Interest in International Event I If ssws';J - '' I " '. " If":-: -v I . . -xt ' 4; "1 1 -liM "ff ""VY , . . v ... V ' -jfrii- - ' - --- ' 3 i " -k.- - .7 . i J - . V f B -.-M t I i 1 Vf 1 &Zae Art, JVC. 77 O! ORGANIZATION of the towns of Oregon for promotion of the sec ond World's Christian CHlxenshlp Conference, to be held In Portland June 29-July , Is now well under way. Dr. James S. McGaw, National field secretary of the conference. Is direct ing the preliminary work through tne organization committee, a subcommit tee of the state committee, whose work In general is the arranging for tne appointment of local committees, dele gates, special days and mass meetings In the various towns of the state. The organisation committee, as so far named, includes tne following x-ortiana men and one woman: I. B. Rhodes, state secretary or tne T. M. C. A.; J. V. Milligan. superintend ent of the Presbyterian Sunday School Missions for the Synod, of Oregon: Rev. W. 8. Holt, Pacific Coast missionary for the Presbyterian Church; c a. r-nipps. state secretary of tne Oregon oiaie Sunday School Association: Kev. j. Ijirsen. traveling secretary or tne Scandinavian churches; O. C. Wright, rnnvAntlnn secretary of the T. M. C. A. for the stau of Oregon: Kev. u. i Pnifnir district superintendent of the T'nit.ri Evangelical Church: Rev. W. N. Coffee, district superintendent of the Free Methodist cnurcn; rt. a. r-oiLDin, state secretary or tne unrisiian en deavor Society: Dr. E. H. Todd, vice president of Willamette University; Mrs. Ada Wallace Unruh, state presi dent of the Woman a cnrisiian .tem perance Union. Co-operation la Widespread. Everv town in Oregon with a popu lation of BOO and over will be organized for co-operation with the committee of 100 in Portland. Each town will be asked to arrange for a special day at the conference, when excursions will be planned and special publicity will be given to the interests of the re spective communities upon tne uays they attend, -special reservanuim m the auditorium will be made for these towns on their days. Amnnir the towns that have already organized Salem leads in the number of notables who have been enlisted to serve on the local committee. In the list are the Governor or Oregon, tne State Treasurer, three juages oi tne Supreme Court, the Chaplain of the State Prison, the Mayor of Salem, four ministers and an editor, ine commit tee Includes: Governor West, Judge A. Eakin, Judge G. A. Moore. Judge George Rnrnett. C. P. Bishop. Mrs. . S. Wal lace, Kev. H. T. Babcock, Thomas Kay, Kev. R. N. Avison. r;ev. o. a. Rev P. F. Schrock. Kev. a. eppy. J H. Albert, Paul Wallace. H. F. Gile. A A. Lee, R. J. Hendricks, B. C. Miles, Mayor B. T. Steeves, W. T. Rlgdon, Thomas Roth, Joseph Albert. At McMlnnvnie, rresiaeni iunuru W. Riley, of McMlnnvnie couege, is taking an active interest In the work of the local committee as well as the state committee, of which he is a mem ber. McMinnvilles local commute is now composed of the following men: E. C Apperson. president jacuinnvuie National Bank; Judge u. f. itnoues, president Oregon Fire Relief Associa tion; Professor F. G. Boughton, of the philosophy department of the college; H. F "Wilson, principal of the high school; Attorney J. B. Dodson, . U S. Hopfleld. H. J. Nott. Delegates will be sent from the various organizations of the town and a union meeting is being planned, raloa Meetings Planned. President Riley writes to Dr. McGaw that these men are greatly interested In the conference movement and are pre pared to do all they can to awaken local tnterest. They are arranging for a union meeting of all the churches or the town and will have delegates ap pointed from the college T. M. C A. and Y. W. C A., the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the Commercial Club, the Ladles' Civic Improvement Club, all the churches and Sunday schools and young people's societies of the churches. Milton is one of the most active towns in the conference promotion work. Rev. Samuel G. Rogers, president of the Umatilla County Sunday School Asso ciation, baa made the following hearty offer of co-operation: "I shall be glad to do anything I can to help in this work. I believe In it It there are any places in this section you find hard to reach and think they ought to be reached, I ahall be glad to give some time to It myself." I From Milton these men have been named among those who will serve on the local committee: Dr. ri. b.. 11c Querv, H. L. Fraxier. Bruce Shangle, J. P. Sa'ylor. Rev. J. K. Critchfield, J. W. Porter, M. H. Rice. Rev. Mr. Rogers will serve on the state committee. The Umatilla. County Sunday School a! a 7- V --' ...-' u)T V- . . ..- a.!-:1-..; - i-s ...... v-vJ 1 j- rr r , a;.ll SPcrv. Ivy. Sot, Oajsz: 4 a - type Association has elected the following delegates to the conference: Rev. J. w. Stockton, of Adams; Rev. J. W. Comp ton. Rev. G. II. Mitchell, Rev. S. G Rogers, of Milton: Miss Mary Tanke, of Freewater; S. G. Reetz, of Pendleton. Union meetings are being planned at Milton. Pendleton and Adams on sue' cessive days to be addressed by Dr. Mc Gaw. Special Day Observed. At Baker a week-nisrht union meet ing Is being planned and the following have been named on the local commit tee: Rev. E. A. Edwards, of the M. E. Church; Rev. F. C. Stannard. First Bap tist Church: Rev. C. H. Eyman. Second Baptist Church; G. E. Williams, Disciple Church: Ed M. Brown, secretary of the T. M. C. A.; Mrs. W. E. suan. . . Browning. A. L. James. C. H. Brock and Professor J. A. Churchill. Forest Grove has had a "World's Conference Day," when services were held in the various churches in the morning and evening and a mass meet- VETERAN OF CIVIL WAR DIES AT MEHAMA. OR., IX BIS 82 D YEAR. I- 4 1 1 y i mm?: : i - .? 4 S. . Vnlentlne Wilson Krlse. MEH.-OJ-V Or.. April 12. (Special.) Valentine Wilson Krise died at his home here April 5. aged 81 years. He was born at St. Augustine, Cambria County, Pa., January 10. 1832. When the Civil War broke out he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Thirty-third Vol unteers, and later In Company F, Seventy-fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving at Antletam, Fredericksburg, Chance'.lorsvllle and Gettysburg, being wounded in each of the two latter en gagements. In 190 be moved to Mehama, Or. He Is survived by his wife, three sons and one daughter Mrs. N. A. Barhan. Joseph W., Walter L and Alonzo M. Krise. . : " ': ?-"'-,',. . 3 I S,iH;'":.i::;.l w X? 7b&c? Ins in the afternoon. Among those ervirnr on the local committee are Professor H. M. Bates, Professor F. C. Taylor. Rev. Daniel T. Thomas, of the First Congregational Church, and the ministers of the Methodist Episcopal. Free Methodist and Christian cnurcnes Tillamook has organized with the fol-l.nvina- locnl committee: Attorney T H. Goyne, Erwin Harrison, member of the Citv Council: Kev. . r. jope. pan ter of the Diciple Church: Rev. W. H. Kuhlman, Methodist Episcopal Church: Rev. I. E. Meese. United Brethren Church; C. E. Trombley. editor the Til lamook Herald: Thomas Harrison. Alex ander McNair. D. L. Schrode. Rev. D. A. Mackenzie, pastor of the Presbyterian Church Is a member ot tne state com mittee. At Philomath the local committee in eludes Professor Henry Sheak, of Philo math College; Dennis H. Stovall, S. O. Watklns, Kev. J. R. Hughey. President M. R. Drurv. of the college, is a mem ber of the state committee. Among those who will act on the local committee at Dallas are Rev. C. C. Curtis, Rev. D. T. Fields, Mrs. George MONDAY, LAST DAY TO REGISTER. Tomorrow Is the last day for registration. t The books at the Courthouse will be open from 8 A. M. to 9 P. M. for the registration of voters. All who were not registered for the last Presidential election must register in order to vote; all who have moved from their precinct since registering; any who fvish to change their political affiliation must go to the regis tration booths before 9 o'clock In order to be able to vote May 3 and June 2 In the city elections. Gerlingrer, A. J. Barnham. Rev."ll. A. Miles and C. P. Gates. President A, A. Winter, of Dallas College, is on the state committee and is helping in the organization of the local work. Medford has named April 20 as World's Conference day. when Dr. Mc Gaw will address the churches In the morning and evening. Grants Pass and Ashland are planning similar days. The district meeting of the Nor wegian Lutheran churches, which con venes at Eugene, May 20-22, will be ad dressed by Rev. William Parsons, of Eugene, a member of the "btate com mittee. Ail Sunday school conventions and church assemblies now convening are indorsing the conference by formal ac tion and appointing delegates. The state-wide campaign for organization will' soon be In full operation. Other states have also begun organi zation work. Pocatello. Idaho, Is or ganizing under the leadership of the following: Rev. Clyde van der Maaten, Miss Jean M. Campbell, Rev. Arthur Saunders, C W. Pomeroy, A. B. Rich ardson, secretary of tre Y. M. C. A.; W. A. Jones. Walter R. Siders. Rev. H. S. Hamilton, Professor H. D. Cheney. Rev. A. H. Chittenden, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Chehalis, has enlisted the co-operation of all the min isters of the town and has asked Dr. McGaw for a speaker and union meet ing. California Enthusiasm High. Rev. J. M. Canse. pastor of the First Methodist Church of Vancouver, Wash., has offered the co-operation of the min. isters and cliurches of that city and plans are being made for addressing a union meeting. Representative men of the community will be asked to serve uopn the local committee. Rev. Spencer S. Sutiinger, district su perintendent of the Vancouver district of the Puget Sound Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, has pre sented the Interests of the world's con ference at a meeting of the district superintendents and gives assurance of co-operation. He writes, "We are go ing to make the conference a feature to our people." Other coast states are organizing. and William McMurray, general passen ger agent for the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, who recently returned from California, re ports that state as leading Oregon in enthusiasm. Oil Substituted for "Wood. Oil will be substituted for wood as fuel at Multnoman Farm. The County Court decided yesterday to install, at a cost of J3400, a 4C0-barrel tank for oil at the farm. This is just a carload. It is figured that the heating will cost 25 per cent less with oil. Iliaass-a-aa-oMii I'liiw-nsw i-ri-smwsiir-ais DETAILED CENSUS OF OREGON IS Of 672.765 nhabitants in 1910, 416,851 Are Whites of Native Parentage. ILLITERACY HAS DECLINE City Population Shows Smaller Per centage of Children Thau Does RuralMore Women Than Men Reported as Married. . Of Oregon's 672,765 Inhabitants on Aorll "15. 1910 the date of the last Federal census 116,851, or 62 per cent, are native whites of native parentage, according to the second Oregon census bulletin, just Issued at Washington. The bulletin also shows that 185,238, or 20.1 per cent, are native whites of foreign parentage, and 103,000, or 15.8, are foreign-born whites. The corresponding percentages in 1900 were 61.9 native-born whites, 20.5 native whites of foreign-born parent age, and 13 of foreign-born whites, showing that the percentage of foreign born whites has increased somewhat during the decade. . The percentage of Chinese and Japa nese is 1.1. of Japanese 0.5, of Indians 0.S and of negroes 0.2. Ratio of Males Increases. In the following 26 of the 84 counties the percentage of foreign-born whites is less than 15: Baker, Benton, Coos, Crook, Curry, Douglas, Gilliam, Grant, Harney, Hood River, Jackson. Jose phine, Klamath, Lake. Lane, Lincoln, Linn, Polk, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Wheeler and Yamhill. In Clackamas, Columbia. Multnomah, Sherman. Tilla-uu-'k and Washington Counties the pe.centage of foreign-born whites ranges from 15 to 25. Clatsop County, with 37.3, has the heaviest percentage of -fl-hite persons of foreign birth, whilu Wasco, with 26.4. is next. The percent age in Multnomah County Is 21.2. . Of the urban population 55.4 per cent are native whites cf native parentage; of the rural 67.5 per cent. The corresponding- percentages of native whites of foreign or mixed parentage are 22.8 and 17.9 per cent respectively. The per centage of foreign-born whites is 18.6 in the urban population and 12.6 in the rural. The negro population Is very largely urban and the Indian popula tion almost entirely rural. In the totkl population of the state there are 384,265 males and 2S8.500 fe males, as was reported in a previous hulletin. There are. then, 133.2 males to 100 females in the state. In 1900 the ratio was 129 to 100. Among native whites the ratio is 119.5 to 100 d am oner forelarn-born whites 209.9 to 100. In the urban population there are 131.2 males to 100 females and In the rural 134.: German-Born Lead Llst. Of the total native population that Is, population born in the United States 10.2 per cent were born in Oregon and 59.8 per cent outside the state; of the native white population 60.1 per cent were born outside the state; of the native nerrro S6.4 per cent, and of the native Indian 19.7 per cent. Persons born outside the state constitute a larger proportion of the native popula tion in urban than In rural communi ties. Of the foreign-born white population of Oregon, persons born In Germany represent 17.4 per cent; Canada, 12; Sweden. 9.8: England. 7.8; Norway, 6.6: Italy, 5.4; Russia. 5.2; Austria, 5.1; Ire land. 4.8: Finland, 4.6: all other coun tries, 21.2 per cent. Of the total white stock of foreign origin, which includes persons born abroad and also natives havlnsr one or both parents born abroad, Germany contributed 22.4 per cent; Canada, 12.5; England, 9.6; Sweden, 7.6; Ireland. 7.1; Norway, 5.6; Russia, 3.7; Scotland. 3.5; Switzerland, S.4; Finland,-3.2; Austria, 3.2 per cent, Iovra's Representation Largest. Iowa leads all the other states In the number of native sons and daughters now residing in Oregon, for 5 per cent of the state's population were born in Iowa, the aggregate number being 28.242. Illinois is a close second with 27,942'. The other states rank in the following order: Missouri, 25,456; Ohio, 20,030; Wisconsin. 18,755; California, 18,184; Washington, 17.508; Minnesota, 16.499; New York, 16.115; Kansas, 15,937; Michigan, 15.198: Indiana, 14,877; Penn sylvania, 13,352; Nebraska, 12,566; other states, including persons born in the United States, in the outlying pos sessions of the United States, at sea under the United States flag, and American citizens born abroad, 73.866. Of this latter number 9962 were born in the New England States and 10,677 in PIONEER DIES AT HOME IN - IRVINGTON. J7 4 Hi A v altfl, jl" p- S't r- Lewis W. Watts. Lewis Watts, 65 years of age, pioneer of Oregon, died at his home In Irvington Wednes day. He was buried in River view Cemetery Friday, the serv ices being read by Rev. T. L Eliot. who performed the cere mony when he was married in 1871. Mr. Watts moved from Idaho by ox team with his par ents In 1847.' Idaho was then Oregon. The family moved to Linnton, where they lived until 1907, when they moved to the Irvington home, 555 East Six teenth street. He is survived by his wife. Imelda, four daughters, Mrs. J. E. Feak, Mrs. O. B. Hess, Mrs. O. C. Roby and Mrs. E. D. Suitor, and by two sons. Dr. G. E. Watts and WraKer W. Watts. He is also survived by a brother, John M. Watts, and a sister, Mrs. S. A. Stimpson. Mr. Watts was a member of the Riverside Driving Club and the Pioneers and United Artisans. the South Atlantic! States. The total number of persons bom in other states is 334,527. Foreign Births Listed. Following ts the number of white persons living in Oregon born In the several foreign countries or born in this country of foreign parentage: Austria, 7573; Belgium, 10S1; Bul garia. 645; Canada (French). 3063; Canada (other). 26.585: Denmark. 6773; England. 22.712; Finland, 7711; France, 2725; Germany, 53,359; Greece, 3671; Holland. 1687; Hungary. 1538; Ireland, 16,943: Italy, 6819; Norwav, 13.435; Rus sia, 8793; Scotland, 8455; Spain, 580; Sweden. 18,198; Switzerland. 8173; Turkey, 814: Wales. 1643. There are 15,264 persons who were born in foreign countries not Included in this list, or whose parents were born in different countries, as for ex ample, one parent In Ireland and the other In Scotland. - The total number of foreign-born and natives born of foreign parentage is 238,239. 10JSO4 Illiterates in State. The figures show that there is less illiteracy among the Chinese than among the people of any other group of non-American residents of the state. Only 7.6 of the Chinese living in Ore gon are unable to read or write, while the percentage among the Japanese is 11.1. There are 10.504 illiterates In the state, representing 1.9 per cent of the total population 10 years of age and over, as compared with 3.3 per cent in 1900. The percontage of illiteracy is 0.4 among native whites, 6.1 among foreign-born whites, 3.4 among negroes, 36.6 among Indians. For all classes combined, the per centage of Illiterates Is 1.3 In urban communities and 2.5 in rural. For each class separately, also, the percentage is higher in the rural population than In the urban. For persons from 10 to 20 years of age. Inclusive, wbose literacy depends largely upon present school facilities and school attendance, the percentage of Illiteracy Is very slight, only 0.7. The total number of persons of school age that Is. from 6 to 20 years, Inclusive Is 175,386. of whom 117.078. or 66.8 per cent, attended school. In addition to these, 1109 children under 6 and 3222 persons 21 and over at tended school. For boys from to 20 years, inclusive, the percentage at tending school was 65.5; for girls, 68.1. For children . from 6 to 14 years. In clusive, the percentage attending school was 85.5. The percentage for children of this age among native whites of native parentage was 85.1; among native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 87.3; among foreign-born whites, Is2.7; among Indians, 81.4. There is little difference between urban and rural communities as regards the per centage of school attendance for the ages 6 to 14: of persons 15 to 20 years of age, 36.1 per cent were reported as attending school in urban communities and 43.7 in rural. 257.1SS Males Over 21. The total number of males 21 years of age and over Is 257,188, repre senting 38.2 per cent of the population. Of such males, 54.9 per cent are native whites of native parentage, 15.6 per cent native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 21.8 per cent foreign-born whites, 3.7 per cent Chinese and Japan ese and 0.6 per cent Indians. Of the 63,909 foreign-born white males of vot ing age, 29,675, or 46.4 per cent, are naturalized. Males of miltt'a ago 18 to 44 number 190,553. . Of the total population, 8.9 per cent are under 5 years of age, 16.8 per cent from 5 to 14 years, inclusive, 19.5 per cent from 15 to 24, 33.7 per cent from 25 to 44, and 20.9 per cent are 45 years of age and over. The foreign-born white population comprises compara tively few children, only 8.8 per cent of ftiis class being under 15 years of age, while 82.2 per cent are 25 years of age and over. Of the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 44.3 per cent are 25 and over; of the native whites of native parentage, 60.8 per cent, and of the Chinese, 90.5 per cent.. The urban population shows a smaller proportion of children than the -rural and a larger proportion of persons In the prime of life. Migration to the city explalns this at least in part. Of the urban population, 38.7 per cent are from 25 to 44 years of ago. inclusive, and of the rural population, 29.4 per cent. Divorce Flcures Doubted. In the population 15 years of age and over 47.5 per cent of the males aro single and 27.1 per cent of tho females. The percentage married is 46.6 for male's and 63 for females; and the per centage widowed 4.3 and 8.6, respec tively. The percentages of those re ported as divorced, 1.2 and 1.1, respec tively, are believed to be too small, be cause of the probability that many di vorced persons class themselves as single or widowed. ( That the percentage single Is so much smaller for women than for men is due partly to the excess of males in the total population and partly to the fact that women marry younger. Thus 10.5 per cent of the females from 15 to 19 years of age are married, as compared with 0.4 per cent of the males, and 50.4 per cent of tho females from 20 to 24 years are married, as com pared with 15.2 per cent of the males. For those from 25 to 34 years, the per centages are 76.6 for females and 45.1 for males, and for those from 35 to 44, 84.8 and 63.8, respectively. In the ago group 45 and over the percentages are nearly equaL That there is a larger proportion of widows than of widowers may indicate that men more often remarry than womon. but, since husbands are generally older than their wives, the marriage relation ship Is more often broken by death of the husband than by death of the wife. Family Average la 4.4. For the main elements of the popula tion the percentage of married per sons among those lo years of age and over are as follows: Native whites of native parentage, 49 for males and 63.7 for females; foreign-born whites, 47.3 and 71.1, respectively: native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, 41.4 and 55; negroes, 40.9 and 59.2: Indians, 48.4 and 56.6. These nercentatres by no means indi cate the relative tendency of the several classes as regards marriage. To deter mine that, the comparison should be made by age periods, since the propor tion married In any class is determined largely by the proportion who have reached the marrying age. Similarly, the proportion widowed depends largely on the pioportion past middle life. Tho percentage married, for males and for females, is nigner in rural man in urban communities. The number of dwellings In Oregon is 144,832, and the number of families 151, S58, there being 104.9 families to 100 dwellings. The average numoer oi persons per dwelling Is 4.6, and tho average number per family, 4.4, EARLY PRINTING DEPICTED Portland Man Gives Lecture on ,rt ' in San Francisco. Seneca C. Beach, of Portland, deliv ered a lecture on "the Early Days of the Art of Printing" before the Ad vertising Association in San Francisco Wednesday. Mr. Beach delivered a sim ilar lecture before the Portland d Club last year. Illustrating it with a series of old cuts collected during a trip to Europe His lecture in San Francisco was Illustrated by means of a stereoptlcon and reproductions of the cuts were of fered. Mr. Beach has made a hobby of printing and Its history. An expert of the Department of Agricul ture has been sent to the extreme norlb-tt-estern corner of China, never before visit ed by scientists, to seek new plants that might be valuable in the United States.