7
THE STJXPAY OH EG O XI AX, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 27, 1910.
nnn nii n nTr m i i -
EVERY DECADE HAS
MAP SHOWING RELATIVE AREAS OF PORTLAND AND
SEATTLE.
WOOLENS
WOOLENS
WOOLENS
AND THEN SOME
Isn't Th:s Great for the Fellow
Who Can Only Pay "So Much"?
IH SEATTLE COUNT
Director Says Thousands of
Names Were Cancelled in
Single District
Portland's Greatest Numerical
Increase Has Been in Past
Ten Years.
SOME REGIONS DIFFICULT
GROWTH FAST FROM START
i -ran m
UIMOHIHUnUILLD
SHOWN
PROGRESS
Gain Store First Ono "Was Taken
In 1850 I Close to 25,000 Tcr
Cent Industry Has Kept
Pace 'With Population.
The population fle-urea given by the
Census Bureau Indicate within a few
hundred persons, the ex'teot to which
Portland has grown within a period of
S year.
Portland ni first 114 oat mm a town
tn 1S and then consisted of H city
block. The first census of PorUand
aa a city was taken In 18S0 and It
bowed a total population of 121. At
the time the ccmuf of 1S50 waa taken
PorUand still consisted of the original
14 blocks, but tha following year the
townslte wa enlarged to Include a
square mile. Today .Portland has an
area of approximately 49 mllea and the
tTVt( number of persons to tha
square mile Is about five times the
number that reldd In the square mile
the the town proper In 1831. Then the
population per square mile was a little
more than 800. Today It Is more than
tOOO. During tlio time thut the city
has frown to times Its area Its
population has been Increased to more
than times what It waa t years
ago.
Growth Rapid at Start.
For example. Portland frrew from a
population of 21 In lS.le to a total of
:71 Inhabitants In 1SS0. While numeri
cally the Increase is small In compari
son wtth that of the past 10 yeara the
percentage of gain was 260.1 per cent.
Again from ls0 to 1870 the city gained
more than lot per cent In population
showing In the Utter year a population
of fZ. or a gain over 160 of
per cent From 18T0 to 18S0 the per
centage of Increase was 111.9 per cent;
from 18i0 to ls0 It was 13. per
cent snd from 1830 to 1000 It waa 4.
per cent.
It will be seen from the foregoing
that In only one decade In the 0 years
that Portland as a city has been enu
merated In the census, has It failed
to Increase more than 100 per cent In
population.
Numerically. Portland saw the great
est Increase in Ita history durtng the
peat 10 years. In 1S0 tha city bad
3-4 people. In lO 1SS per cent were
gained, the Inhabitants Jumping to 3J
people. In the following 10 yeara the
elty made rapid progress, and there
were found to be ll.s:7 Inhabitants
when noses wer counted tn 180. a
train of 111. per cent.
w Arras. Added.
When 18)0 rolled around and the
nan with the portfolios under their
arms knocked at the doors of Portland
people they counted 40.JSS residents,
and tn 1300 the number had almost
doubled, the figures being placed at
0.42. Between 180 and 100 East
Portland and Alblna came Into the
auaJa city, and the comparisons repre
sent the population on tha same area.
Since mt three annexations have
been made to Portland, one on June 6,
100S. one Jane S. 1807. and one No
vember t. 190. These additions to
Portland'a area embraced anions; other
well-settled districts Mount Tabor,
Boutb. Mount Tabor. Montavllla and
part of Woodstock precinct. The cen
sus reports for 1900 show that Mount
Tabor precinct had a population of
1118. South Mount Tabor 8. Wood
stock (00 and Mod tartl la 12. and had
eUl been tn the city limits In 1800 about
4000 would hare been added thereby
to tha population aa shown by tnat
census.
In 1S00 there were IS precincts out
side of Portland city limits In Mult
nomah County, with populations as fol
lows: 6t- Johns, til: Columbia. 137; Mount
Tabor. llf; outh Mount Tabor. (88;
Woodstock. 500; Lents. 438; Kllgaver.
til: Montavllla. 12; RussellvUle. 283;
Rock wood. 158: Falrvlew. Trout
dale. 12: Gresham. 844; Powell Valley.
lit; Hurlbnrt. 4: Brown. 131: Bridal
Veil. 687; Warrendale. 21S: Readers. 7;
Willamette Slough. 103: Hoi brook. Hi;
Llnnton. 384; Sylvan. 421; Mount Zion.
188; Bertha. 451: West Portland. 338.
The total population of the county out
aide of Portland was U.741. and of
the county with Portland Included was
103.187.
Pioneers' Hope Realized.
During tha past 10 years approxi
mately 1T7.O0O people have been added
to the city, and Portland has not only
become the chief city of the Oregon
country, but has commanded pre
eminence In commercial Importance,
has become a seat of wealth and culture
and maintains a standard In her de
mands for the best literature and art.
The dream of the pioneers of naviga
tion and development has been realized,
and the story reads like a fairy tale.
Tan years ago Portland was domi
nated, as today, by the spirit of conser
vatism. Her merchants were content
with the profits which came with the
steady expansion and settlement of tha
country, even overlooked the great fact
that Portland was so situated as to be
come a contender for the trade of the
Orient. Money accumulated In the banks
and the first comers became known as
the mossbacks. who were satisfied
with present conditions.
Then came the Lewis and Clark fair
and consequential awakening to oppor
tunity. Money poured from bank vaults
and the Portland men who had been
censured for their non-progressive spir
it became again the leaders of a for
ward movement which 10 years from
new may place their city ahead of San
Francisco. streets were Improved,
clusters of brilliant lights were placed
along the sidewalks, and parks and
playgrounds were built.
Manufacturing Keeps Pace.
Keeping pace with this development
of tho surfsce of things was the solid
growth of tta. manufacturing world. In
1800 Portland had scarcely become a
manufacturing center, but In the present
eensua year more than 1.0W.0 feet
of lumber has been sawed In her mills,
while more than 3000 factories are en
gaged In supplying the markets which
railroad development are placing at the
doors of the city. As factories were
fcal'.ded. mechanics were brought to the
city and aa a result the rolling hills
surrounding the original townslte have
become dotted with homes. As the East
Hide expanded. Willamette River
bridges were necessary and were sup
plied. At the present moment three
bridges, aggregating a cost of 33.500.
CO, are being thrown over the stream.
-
The Light Black Llae nrrundcd by White Border Shows the Bound
ary of Seattle, Area EJghty-Twe Square Miles The Heavy Black
Line Shews the Boaadartes of Portlandi Area Forly-Mne Square
Miles. 1
CENSUS IS 207,214
Portland's Increase 129.2 Per
Cent in Ten Years.
SEATTLE COUNT 237,197
Both Cities Reduced Cpon Revision
of Figure Overcounting Due
to Variety W Can sea. Di
rector Durand Says.
rOKTT.ASD'9 CBOWTH I" MORE
TH AX U.0oa FEB CE-XT IX
00 TEARS.
The following table shows Port,
lands growth by decades slacs Its
first enumeration In 1S50:
Per Cent
Tear. Populat'n. Incrse.
1IM KX
1MO 3.S74 150.1
110 1 K.29S 1M.S
1M0 1T.STT 111.81
1MM 46.3S3 1A3.B.
lOOO 90.42 W.
1810 207.214 120.2
Portland's percentage of Increase
tp SO years 25.119
Continued From Firwt Fac.
that reasonably could be expected to
prevent the padding of the census.
"Over counting of the population of
Portland arose from a variety of
causes, principal of which were:
"First Insertion of namea by enu
merators from slips collected by pri
vate Individuals.
"Second Repetition of visits to ho
tels and lodging-houses. Involving
enumeration of transients who were
not present on the census day. but who
came to the city from time to time
thereafter. ,
"Third Enumeration of persons - at
their place of buslneea in addition to
enumerating them at their place of
abode; and.
"Fourth Enumeration of gangs of
workmen, whose employers were in
Portland, but who were not themselves
there at the time of the enumeration
and who had no regular place of abode
In Portland."
The districts In which the greatest
number of namea were eliminated were
as follows: .
Enumerated Original Ravlsed Differ-
Uul. I'M. inum. ence
124 2.240 1. M0 4O0
l.'t 3.A-H 3.O10 CIS
l it - 2.S01 2.16I em
134 4.H1X 3.04V 1.3tS3
141 t.sva a.iis.1 mj
Ui S.OV4 l.i'.t 7'.'2
144 l.&WS 1.61 317
m i.sxr, 1.477 a.v
13 2.474 l.O.-.X 1.41a
161 2 410 2. Ii 2 :7
1'7 2-.2UI I..U1 .-M.1
109 2.3lM 2.010 2'M
ITS 1.743 1.V.'4 21'J
2. IT- S1 1.1S
1!J I. l.la
.n3 :ii(t 1.4 s.j
216 1.72 1.4'W 2''4
14 2."4 1.4S7 .177
2IS 2.674 2 ti.l a.-.l
AU other dlitrlcts. .C9.4U1 e&.77 3.4J0
Seattle Suburbs Counted.
PorUand. according to the foregoing
figures, stands th among the cities of
the United States. Seattle stands 21st.
Ten years ago Portland was the 42d city
and Seattle was the 4Mh. Only one city
having as great population as Portland
and Seattle has made larger percentage
of growth during the.past 10 years. That Is
Los Angeles. Other smaller cities have
made greater percentage gains, but with
this single exception they have less than
lurt.'JOl population.
Director Durand said today that It was
not possible at this time to announce the
population of Portland's adjacent suburbs
and. therefore, it Is Impossible to make
a fair comparison between Portland and
Seattle. Inasmuch as Seattle since lsuO
has annexed Its suburbs, while most of
Portland's suburbs are not within the
Incorporated city limits and their popu
lation is. therefore, not Included In the
figures. Later, when the population of
all Oregon la announced. figures for the
suburbs will be available and then an
equitable comparison can be made.
Before be made public the figures for
Portland tonight. Director Durand sub
mitted them, together with Hester's re-
I port, to Secretary Nagel, and the Secre
tary gave his approval to the elimina
tions made by the Census Bureau. This
step was taken so that If any demand Is
made for a recount it will be refused
hy the S-cretary. Similar action was
taken with regard to Seattle several
days ago.
Mr. Durand frankly admitted that the
population of Portland aa It la announced
might not be absolutely correct. Some
names have been eliminated, he said,
which possibly should not have been
eliminated, but ho believes that there
are still on the returns names that
should be taken off and the latter num
ber, he feels, will offset any undue elimi
nations that may have been made by
Heeter. lie points out that It Is abso
lutely Impossible to enumerate the popu
lation of any city without error, but he
maintains that Portland's figures are as
nearly correct as. human Ingenuity will
permit. He thinks. If anything, that
Portland hasi had the benefit of the
doubt- What he said with regard to
Portland he said also regarding Seattle.
Private Aid Over-Zealous.
Mr. Durand Issued the following state
ment regarding the Portland census:
"In Portland, as In 'numerous other
cities and towns in the Northwest, one
or more private organizations caused to
be printed slips containing the census
questions. Toward the close of the regu
lar enumeration, a large number of pri
vate Individuals collected on these slips
names and Information concerning per
sons who claimed not to have been enu
merated and to be entitled to enumera
tion. While, doubtless, organisations
which devised this plan had the legiti
mate purpose of assuring the complete
ness of the census. It is evident that
many names were collected on these
slips which were In no sense entitled
to enumeration, being the names of per
sons already enumerated, of floating
population not present on census day. of
persona who had permanently left the
city, or In some cases of non-existing
persons.
Many thousands of these names were
turned over to the Supervisor of the
Census who sorted them according to
the enumeration districts to which they
belonged and assigned them to enumera
tors, with Instructions that they should
Investigate and ascertain whether they
had been enumerated, and If not whether
they were entitled to enumeration.
borne Enumerators Lax.
"Whenever enumerators conscien
tiously carried out these Instructions
very few Indeed were added to the re
turns as result of these slips. Some
enumerators, however, accepted these
slips without Investigation and others
confined their Investigation to ascer
taining whether the names were al
ready upon their lists, without endeav
oring to ascertain whether, If not on
the lists, the persons were entitled to
enumeration. It cannot be said that
all the enumerators who had adopted
the latter policy had any criminal In
tent, but It Is certain that their neg
lect resulted In listing many persons
who should not have been enumerated.
"It appears that In some cases the
names thus collected on slips were
handed directly to enumerators, with
out passing through the hands of the
supervisor, and that the enumerators
were persuaded to Insert them In their
schedules witnout any proper iucw
gatlon. Several enumerators assigned
large numbers of names from these
slips to vacant lots or buildings con
taining no residents.
"The reckless manner In which these
slips were collected is Indicated by the
fact that one enumerator found on
checking up the lists which were hand
ed to him, of persons alleged not to
have been enumerated, that his own
name appeared on five different slips
as not having been enumerated. In
many cases the names on these slips
were taken from old directories, repre
senting persons who had left the city,
with the result that tn some cases two
different families were reported as
resident in the- same house, the one
family being actually resident there
and the other formerly resident.
Transients Are) Last Oul.
"Not a few names which were In
serted on schedules from these pri
vately collected slips were names of
transients who arrived In the city
after the census day and were not en
titled to enumeration. In other cases,
the enumerators directly listed persons
of this character. While under the In
structions of the Census Bureau, it is
legitimate to count, where it Is found
on census day. floating population
claiming to have no usual place of
abode, it Is obviously Improper by re
peated visits to lodging-houses and ho
tels to count such floating population
which may come to pass through the
city during a period of two weeks or
more. Several gangs of workmen were
also enumerated as residents of Port
land who were not present there at the
iConcluded on Page Gy
In Lower Quarters, However,
Houses Are Reported Filled Far
Beyond Capacity Fraud by
Design Is Apparent.
OREGOXIAN NEWS BT7REAU. Wash
ington, Nov. 26. Discussing the over
counting of the population In Seattle,
which resulted In the elimination of I
1L1S8 names from the census, leaving
a total of 237,194. Supervisor Durand In !
his report, made tonight, says: I
"It Is Impossible to state with cer
tainty how many of the 15 Seattle
enumerators whose returns were gross- I
ly inaccurate were guilty of Interna
tional fraud. It appears probable that I
In the case of most of them the Infla- I
tlon of returns was due rather to
misinterpretation or unduly liberal In
terpretation of instructions, but in the
case of Districts 2 and 107. in which
the greatest number of names were
eliminated, there can be little doubt
that International fraud was perpe
trated. "Over-counting of population In these
15 districts consisted chiefly of two .
forms. In the first place, some of the
enumerators added names from slips ,
collected by a private organization and ;
without proper Investigation to ascer- j
tain whether they were entitled to j
enumeration. This private organiza
tion canvassed the city generally dur
ing the progress and after the close of
the cniimAratlon. and collected thous
ands of names of persons who claimed
not to have been enumerated and to be
entitled to enumeration. These names,
which included many transients, were
collected on slips as In Portland.
False Addresses Given.
"In most cases It was found that
most of the persons had already been
enumerated or were not entitled, to
enumeration and the enumerator In
District 107 deliberately assigned many
of these names to false addresses.
The enumerator In District 62 added
very large numbers of names from the
slips without any Investigation; in
fact, the greater part of the enumera
tion In his district was not actually
performed by him or by official In
SDectors employed under him, but by
private Individuals and privately hired
Interpreters.
"In the second place, a number of
enumerators counted persons who,
though perhaps actually present at the
time when enumerated, were no en
titled to enumeration under instruc
tions of the Census Bureau. Most of
the people so enumerated were float
ing population..
"Several enumerators In Seattle
counted not only persons arriving aft
er census day and during the census
period of 15 days, but also many per
sons who arrived even after the close
of the census period. A minor cause
of Inaccuracy was the enumeration of
persons on vessels not having Seattle
as their home port. The methods pur
sued by the enumerator In district 107
were particularly flagrant. He count
ed 3866 names tn his district. Inves
tigation showed that the correct enum
eration was only 1763.
Hotels Repeatedly Visited.
"This enumerator made repeated
visits to hotels and lodging-houses,
counting persons as they arrived until
the number of names counted often
far exceeded the capacity of these
places. He also reported a large num
ber of persons as having their usual
nlace of abode on piers. These per
sons were possibly actually found there
working or embarking or disembark
ing from vessels, but they did not stop
there and could properly be enumerat
ed only from places where they did
sleep; as In fact they doubtless were.
"la addition to these methods, how
ever, the enumerator falsely assigned
800 names to certain hotels and lodging-houses
In his district the names
of persons who had never been at any
time at these places. It appears that
the enumerator had received a large
number of private eensua slips, con
taining the names of persons whom
he was unable to locate as temporarily
resident at any place in his district.
He therefore adorted tho policy of as
signing an even 50 of these names to
each of 14 hotels or lodging-houses
and an even 100 to another hotel. An
examination of these people Indicates
tho probability that Information was
in many cases Invented either by the
enumerator himself or by the persons
furnishing slips. This enumerator has
been indicted for violation of the cen
sus act.
Complete Recount Made.
"Returns from enumeration district
63 were found so bad that it was nec
essary to make entire re-enumeration.
The original, enumeration showed 8537
names; the '' recount 4491. Attention
was. however, directed to the fact that
a limited number of houses In the dis
trict had been demolished during the
period Intervening between the orig
inal and the second enumeration, and
In order that no Injustice might be
done to the city, all names reported
from these houses in the original
enumeration were allowed to stand,
namely 422. making total of 4913 as
the final enumeration pf the district.
"The enumerator In district 63 did
comporatively little actual canvassing
of the district himself. Instead, he
copied his enumeration from slips
which were largely obtained by prl.
vii. individuals This is undoubtedly
a peculiarly difficult district to enu
merate. It embraces the very worst
quarter In the city and most of the
population' is of a very low class.
Those who collected census slips,
therefore, were "unable, even if they
acted in good faith, to secure informa
tion in response to detailed inquiries
of the census schedules from large pro
portion of the Inhabitants.
And the season fast advancing.
If you need anything in the way
of tailored-to-order apparel the
price need not stop you.
We're overstocked with fine
woolens for gentlemen's gar
ments to order, as you can see at
a glance if yon drop in.
We must materially reduce
this stock within the next 30 days
and will MAKE THE PRICE
SELL THE GOODS.
No trouble to show goods.
See our new arrivals in
"Scotches."
OVERCOATS to order for cost
of material and making.
Satisfaction guaranteed In all cases.
Garments to order in a day if required.
Full dress and Tuxedo suits a specialty.
WILLIAM JERREMS SONS
108 Third Street.
fr6m the standpoint of accurate sta
tistics to have blanks in answer to In
quiries than to have purely fictitious
Information. Aside from the practical
certainty that by reason of the method
of enumeration pursued In district 62
there had been a great overcount, it
was obviously impossible to use the
schedules because of the fictitious
character of the detailed information
regarding Individuals. Consequently a
recount was made. All persons found
in the district at the time of the re
count were enumerated, although In
some cases it was impossible to obtain
detailed information concerning them.
The renumeratlon necessarily had to be
made strictly as of date when taken,
as it was quite Impossible in a dis
trict of this sort to ascertain who was
resident there several months pre
viously on census day, and still less
to secure Information regarding such
persons.
Deliberate Fraud- Apparent.
"That there was deliberate fraud in
ItlQ 111 CI 14 ..WU V . . ..... . . .
avati aa t-AJinACta t h A number of In- I
habitants, appears almost certain from
investigation- For example, from C61
Washington street the enumerator re
turned 121 persons. Including 83 Japa
nese, 25 Turks, eight Chinese and three
natives. Of these only 21 had been
enumerated on the first visit, the others
representing names subsequently add
ed. This Is a building occupied by a
church organization working among
Japanese and its sleeping quarters,
which at most can accommodate only
30 persons, are used by regular lodgers
and not by transients. On renumera
tlon 19 regular lodgers were found
there.
"From 117 Maynard street, the enu
merator reported 155 persons. This
has only 14 rooms and the recount
showed only 25 persons. In the cases
of two Japanese families living In this
house, six children were reportea,
whereas it was ascertained with cer
tainty that only one child was there at
the time of the census.
"The enumerator reported from 316
Sixth avenue South, 21 persons. It of
whom ho classed as bricklayers. This
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Private Information Allowed.
"Printed instructions to enumer
ators as well as oral Instructions
given by the supervisor to this enumer
ator authorized obtaining information
from the beat available source, where
It could not be obtained from the per
sons directly concerned. These In
structions, for example, would permit
Information to be secured from a neigh
bor or Information concerning a board
er to be obtained from a lodging-house
keeper, where It was absolutely Im
possible to obtain It in any other "way.
The enumerator, however, interpreted
these Instructions as permitting him
to invent out of his own head Infor
mation where' tt was lacking, and this
be did in the case of thousands of per
sons reported In his schedules.
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