7 THE STJXPAY OH EG O XI AX, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 27, 1910. nnn nii n nTr m i i - EVERY DECADE HAS MAP SHOWING RELATIVE AREAS OF PORTLAND AND SEATTLE. WOOLENS WOOLENS WOOLENS AND THEN SOME Isn't Th:s Great for the Fellow Who Can Only Pay "So Much"? IH SEATTLE COUNT Director Says Thousands of Names Were Cancelled in Single District Portland's Greatest Numerical Increase Has Been in Past Ten Years. SOME REGIONS DIFFICULT GROWTH FAST FROM START i -ran m UIMOHIHUnUILLD SHOWN PROGRESS Gain Store First Ono "Was Taken In 1850 I Close to 25,000 Tcr Cent Industry Has Kept Pace 'With Population. The population fle-urea given by the Census Bureau Indicate within a few hundred persons, the ex'teot to which Portland has grown within a period of S year. Portland ni first 114 oat mm a town tn 1S and then consisted of H city block. The first census of PorUand aa a city was taken In 18S0 and It bowed a total population of 121. At the time the ccmuf of 1S50 waa taken PorUand still consisted of the original 14 blocks, but tha following year the townslte wa enlarged to Include a square mile. Today .Portland has an area of approximately 49 mllea and the tTVt( number of persons to tha square mile Is about five times the number that reldd In the square mile the the town proper In 1831. Then the population per square mile was a little more than 800. Today It Is more than tOOO. During tlio time thut the city has frown to times Its area Its population has been Increased to more than times what It waa t years ago. Growth Rapid at Start. For example. Portland frrew from a population of 21 In lS.le to a total of :71 Inhabitants In 1SS0. While numeri cally the Increase is small In compari son wtth that of the past 10 yeara the percentage of gain was 260.1 per cent. Again from ls0 to 1870 the city gained more than lot per cent In population showing In the Utter year a population of fZ. or a gain over 160 of per cent From 18T0 to 18S0 the per centage of Increase was 111.9 per cent; from 18i0 to ls0 It was 13. per cent snd from 1830 to 1000 It waa 4. per cent. It will be seen from the foregoing that In only one decade In the 0 years that Portland as a city has been enu merated In the census, has It failed to Increase more than 100 per cent In population. Numerically. Portland saw the great est Increase in Ita history durtng the peat 10 years. In 1S0 tha city bad 3-4 people. In lO 1SS per cent were gained, the Inhabitants Jumping to 3J people. In the following 10 yeara the elty made rapid progress, and there were found to be ll.s:7 Inhabitants when noses wer counted tn 180. a train of 111. per cent. w Arras. Added. When 18)0 rolled around and the nan with the portfolios under their arms knocked at the doors of Portland people they counted 40.JSS residents, and tn 1300 the number had almost doubled, the figures being placed at 0.42. Between 180 and 100 East Portland and Alblna came Into the auaJa city, and the comparisons repre sent the population on tha same area. Since mt three annexations have been made to Portland, one on June 6, 100S. one Jane S. 1807. and one No vember t. 190. These additions to Portland'a area embraced anions; other well-settled districts Mount Tabor, Boutb. Mount Tabor. Montavllla and part of Woodstock precinct. The cen sus reports for 1900 show that Mount Tabor precinct had a population of 1118. South Mount Tabor 8. Wood stock (00 and Mod tartl la 12. and had eUl been tn the city limits In 1800 about 4000 would hare been added thereby to tha population aa shown by tnat census. In 1S00 there were IS precincts out side of Portland city limits In Mult nomah County, with populations as fol lows: 6t- Johns, til: Columbia. 137; Mount Tabor. llf; outh Mount Tabor. (88; Woodstock. 500; Lents. 438; Kllgaver. til: Montavllla. 12; RussellvUle. 283; Rock wood. 158: Falrvlew. Trout dale. 12: Gresham. 844; Powell Valley. lit; Hurlbnrt. 4: Brown. 131: Bridal Veil. 687; Warrendale. 21S: Readers. 7; Willamette Slough. 103: Hoi brook. Hi; Llnnton. 384; Sylvan. 421; Mount Zion. 188; Bertha. 451: West Portland. 338. The total population of the county out aide of Portland was U.741. and of the county with Portland Included was 103.187. Pioneers' Hope Realized. During tha past 10 years approxi mately 1T7.O0O people have been added to the city, and Portland has not only become the chief city of the Oregon country, but has commanded pre eminence In commercial Importance, has become a seat of wealth and culture and maintains a standard In her de mands for the best literature and art. The dream of the pioneers of naviga tion and development has been realized, and the story reads like a fairy tale. Tan years ago Portland was domi nated, as today, by the spirit of conser vatism. Her merchants were content with the profits which came with the steady expansion and settlement of tha country, even overlooked the great fact that Portland was so situated as to be come a contender for the trade of the Orient. Money accumulated In the banks and the first comers became known as the mossbacks. who were satisfied with present conditions. Then came the Lewis and Clark fair and consequential awakening to oppor tunity. Money poured from bank vaults and the Portland men who had been censured for their non-progressive spir it became again the leaders of a for ward movement which 10 years from new may place their city ahead of San Francisco. streets were Improved, clusters of brilliant lights were placed along the sidewalks, and parks and playgrounds were built. Manufacturing Keeps Pace. Keeping pace with this development of tho surfsce of things was the solid growth of tta. manufacturing world. In 1800 Portland had scarcely become a manufacturing center, but In the present eensua year more than 1.0W.0 feet of lumber has been sawed In her mills, while more than 3000 factories are en gaged In supplying the markets which railroad development are placing at the doors of the city. As factories were fcal'.ded. mechanics were brought to the city and aa a result the rolling hills surrounding the original townslte have become dotted with homes. As the East Hide expanded. Willamette River bridges were necessary and were sup plied. At the present moment three bridges, aggregating a cost of 33.500. CO, are being thrown over the stream. - The Light Black Llae nrrundcd by White Border Shows the Bound ary of Seattle, Area EJghty-Twe Square Miles The Heavy Black Line Shews the Boaadartes of Portlandi Area Forly-Mne Square Miles. 1 CENSUS IS 207,214 Portland's Increase 129.2 Per Cent in Ten Years. SEATTLE COUNT 237,197 Both Cities Reduced Cpon Revision of Figure Overcounting Due to Variety W Can sea. Di rector Durand Says. rOKTT.ASD'9 CBOWTH I" MORE TH AX U.0oa FEB CE-XT IX 00 TEARS. The following table shows Port, lands growth by decades slacs Its first enumeration In 1S50: Per Cent Tear. Populat'n. Incrse. 1IM KX 1MO 3.S74 150.1 110 1 K.29S 1M.S 1M0 1T.STT 111.81 1MM 46.3S3 1A3.B. lOOO 90.42 W. 1810 207.214 120.2 Portland's percentage of Increase tp SO years 25.119 Continued From Firwt Fac. that reasonably could be expected to prevent the padding of the census. "Over counting of the population of Portland arose from a variety of causes, principal of which were: "First Insertion of namea by enu merators from slips collected by pri vate Individuals. "Second Repetition of visits to ho tels and lodging-houses. Involving enumeration of transients who were not present on the census day. but who came to the city from time to time thereafter. , "Third Enumeration of persons - at their place of buslneea in addition to enumerating them at their place of abode; and. "Fourth Enumeration of gangs of workmen, whose employers were in Portland, but who were not themselves there at the time of the enumeration and who had no regular place of abode In Portland." The districts In which the greatest number of namea were eliminated were as follows: . Enumerated Original Ravlsed Differ- Uul. I'M. inum. ence 124 2.240 1. M0 4O0 l.'t 3.A-H 3.O10 CIS l it - 2.S01 2.16I em 134 4.H1X 3.04V 1.3tS3 141 t.sva a.iis.1 mj Ui S.OV4 l.i'.t 7'.'2 144 l.&WS 1.61 317 m i.sxr, 1.477 a.v 13 2.474 l.O.-.X 1.41a 161 2 410 2. Ii 2 :7 1'7 2-.2UI I..U1 .-M.1 109 2.3lM 2.010 2'M ITS 1.743 1.V.'4 21'J 2. IT- S1 1.1S 1!J I. l.la .n3 :ii(t 1.4 s.j 216 1.72 1.4'W 2''4 14 2."4 1.4S7 .177 2IS 2.674 2 ti.l a.-.l AU other dlitrlcts. .C9.4U1 e&.77 3.4J0 Seattle Suburbs Counted. PorUand. according to the foregoing figures, stands th among the cities of the United States. Seattle stands 21st. Ten years ago Portland was the 42d city and Seattle was the 4Mh. Only one city having as great population as Portland and Seattle has made larger percentage of growth during the.past 10 years. That Is Los Angeles. Other smaller cities have made greater percentage gains, but with this single exception they have less than lurt.'JOl population. Director Durand said today that It was not possible at this time to announce the population of Portland's adjacent suburbs and. therefore, it Is Impossible to make a fair comparison between Portland and Seattle. Inasmuch as Seattle since lsuO has annexed Its suburbs, while most of Portland's suburbs are not within the Incorporated city limits and their popu lation is. therefore, not Included In the figures. Later, when the population of all Oregon la announced. figures for the suburbs will be available and then an equitable comparison can be made. Before be made public the figures for Portland tonight. Director Durand sub mitted them, together with Hester's re- I port, to Secretary Nagel, and the Secre tary gave his approval to the elimina tions made by the Census Bureau. This step was taken so that If any demand Is made for a recount it will be refused hy the S-cretary. Similar action was taken with regard to Seattle several days ago. Mr. Durand frankly admitted that the population of Portland aa It la announced might not be absolutely correct. Some names have been eliminated, he said, which possibly should not have been eliminated, but ho believes that there are still on the returns names that should be taken off and the latter num ber, he feels, will offset any undue elimi nations that may have been made by Heeter. lie points out that It Is abso lutely Impossible to enumerate the popu lation of any city without error, but he maintains that Portland's figures are as nearly correct as. human Ingenuity will permit. He thinks. If anything, that Portland hasi had the benefit of the doubt- What he said with regard to Portland he said also regarding Seattle. Private Aid Over-Zealous. Mr. Durand Issued the following state ment regarding the Portland census: "In Portland, as In 'numerous other cities and towns in the Northwest, one or more private organizations caused to be printed slips containing the census questions. Toward the close of the regu lar enumeration, a large number of pri vate Individuals collected on these slips names and Information concerning per sons who claimed not to have been enu merated and to be entitled to enumera tion. While, doubtless, organisations which devised this plan had the legiti mate purpose of assuring the complete ness of the census. It is evident that many names were collected on these slips which were In no sense entitled to enumeration, being the names of per sons already enumerated, of floating population not present on census day. of persona who had permanently left the city, or In some cases of non-existing persons. Many thousands of these names were turned over to the Supervisor of the Census who sorted them according to the enumeration districts to which they belonged and assigned them to enumera tors, with Instructions that they should Investigate and ascertain whether they had been enumerated, and If not whether they were entitled to enumeration. borne Enumerators Lax. "Whenever enumerators conscien tiously carried out these Instructions very few Indeed were added to the re turns as result of these slips. Some enumerators, however, accepted these slips without Investigation and others confined their Investigation to ascer taining whether the names were al ready upon their lists, without endeav oring to ascertain whether, If not on the lists, the persons were entitled to enumeration. It cannot be said that all the enumerators who had adopted the latter policy had any criminal In tent, but It Is certain that their neg lect resulted In listing many persons who should not have been enumerated. "It appears that In some cases the names thus collected on slips were handed directly to enumerators, with out passing through the hands of the supervisor, and that the enumerators were persuaded to Insert them In their schedules witnout any proper iucw gatlon. Several enumerators assigned large numbers of names from these slips to vacant lots or buildings con taining no residents. "The reckless manner In which these slips were collected is Indicated by the fact that one enumerator found on checking up the lists which were hand ed to him, of persons alleged not to have been enumerated, that his own name appeared on five different slips as not having been enumerated. In many cases the names on these slips were taken from old directories, repre senting persons who had left the city, with the result that tn some cases two different families were reported as resident in the- same house, the one family being actually resident there and the other formerly resident. Transients Are) Last Oul. "Not a few names which were In serted on schedules from these pri vately collected slips were names of transients who arrived In the city after the census day and were not en titled to enumeration. In other cases, the enumerators directly listed persons of this character. While under the In structions of the Census Bureau, it is legitimate to count, where it Is found on census day. floating population claiming to have no usual place of abode, it Is obviously Improper by re peated visits to lodging-houses and ho tels to count such floating population which may come to pass through the city during a period of two weeks or more. Several gangs of workmen were also enumerated as residents of Port land who were not present there at the iConcluded on Page Gy In Lower Quarters, However, Houses Are Reported Filled Far Beyond Capacity Fraud by Design Is Apparent. OREGOXIAN NEWS BT7REAU. Wash ington, Nov. 26. Discussing the over counting of the population In Seattle, which resulted In the elimination of I 1L1S8 names from the census, leaving a total of 237,194. Supervisor Durand In ! his report, made tonight, says: I "It Is Impossible to state with cer tainty how many of the 15 Seattle enumerators whose returns were gross- I ly inaccurate were guilty of Interna tional fraud. It appears probable that I In the case of most of them the Infla- I tlon of returns was due rather to misinterpretation or unduly liberal In terpretation of instructions, but in the case of Districts 2 and 107. in which the greatest number of names were eliminated, there can be little doubt that International fraud was perpe trated. "Over-counting of population In these 15 districts consisted chiefly of two . forms. In the first place, some of the enumerators added names from slips , collected by a private organization and ; without proper Investigation to ascer- j tain whether they were entitled to j enumeration. This private organiza tion canvassed the city generally dur ing the progress and after the close of the cniimAratlon. and collected thous ands of names of persons who claimed not to have been enumerated and to be entitled to enumeration. These names, which included many transients, were collected on slips as In Portland. False Addresses Given. "In most cases It was found that most of the persons had already been enumerated or were not entitled, to enumeration and the enumerator In District 107 deliberately assigned many of these names to false addresses. The enumerator In District 62 added very large numbers of names from the slips without any Investigation; in fact, the greater part of the enumera tion In his district was not actually performed by him or by official In SDectors employed under him, but by private Individuals and privately hired Interpreters. "In the second place, a number of enumerators counted persons who, though perhaps actually present at the time when enumerated, were no en titled to enumeration under instruc tions of the Census Bureau. Most of the people so enumerated were float ing population.. "Several enumerators In Seattle counted not only persons arriving aft er census day and during the census period of 15 days, but also many per sons who arrived even after the close of the census period. A minor cause of Inaccuracy was the enumeration of persons on vessels not having Seattle as their home port. The methods pur sued by the enumerator In district 107 were particularly flagrant. He count ed 3866 names tn his district. Inves tigation showed that the correct enum eration was only 1763. Hotels Repeatedly Visited. "This enumerator made repeated visits to hotels and lodging-houses, counting persons as they arrived until the number of names counted often far exceeded the capacity of these places. He also reported a large num ber of persons as having their usual nlace of abode on piers. These per sons were possibly actually found there working or embarking or disembark ing from vessels, but they did not stop there and could properly be enumerat ed only from places where they did sleep; as In fact they doubtless were. "la addition to these methods, how ever, the enumerator falsely assigned 800 names to certain hotels and lodging-houses In his district the names of persons who had never been at any time at these places. It appears that the enumerator had received a large number of private eensua slips, con taining the names of persons whom he was unable to locate as temporarily resident at any place in his district. He therefore adorted tho policy of as signing an even 50 of these names to each of 14 hotels or lodging-houses and an even 100 to another hotel. An examination of these people Indicates tho probability that Information was in many cases Invented either by the enumerator himself or by the persons furnishing slips. This enumerator has been indicted for violation of the cen sus act. Complete Recount Made. "Returns from enumeration district 63 were found so bad that it was nec essary to make entire re-enumeration. The original, enumeration showed 8537 names; the '' recount 4491. Attention was. however, directed to the fact that a limited number of houses In the dis trict had been demolished during the period Intervening between the orig inal and the second enumeration, and In order that no Injustice might be done to the city, all names reported from these houses in the original enumeration were allowed to stand, namely 422. making total of 4913 as the final enumeration pf the district. "The enumerator In district 63 did comporatively little actual canvassing of the district himself. Instead, he copied his enumeration from slips which were largely obtained by prl. vii. individuals This is undoubtedly a peculiarly difficult district to enu merate. It embraces the very worst quarter In the city and most of the population' is of a very low class. Those who collected census slips, therefore, were "unable, even if they acted in good faith, to secure informa tion in response to detailed inquiries of the census schedules from large pro portion of the Inhabitants. And the season fast advancing. If you need anything in the way of tailored-to-order apparel the price need not stop you. We're overstocked with fine woolens for gentlemen's gar ments to order, as you can see at a glance if yon drop in. We must materially reduce this stock within the next 30 days and will MAKE THE PRICE SELL THE GOODS. No trouble to show goods. See our new arrivals in "Scotches." OVERCOATS to order for cost of material and making. Satisfaction guaranteed In all cases. Garments to order in a day if required. Full dress and Tuxedo suits a specialty. WILLIAM JERREMS SONS 108 Third Street. fr6m the standpoint of accurate sta tistics to have blanks in answer to In quiries than to have purely fictitious Information. Aside from the practical certainty that by reason of the method of enumeration pursued In district 62 there had been a great overcount, it was obviously impossible to use the schedules because of the fictitious character of the detailed information regarding Individuals. Consequently a recount was made. All persons found in the district at the time of the re count were enumerated, although In some cases it was impossible to obtain detailed information concerning them. The renumeratlon necessarily had to be made strictly as of date when taken, as it was quite Impossible in a dis trict of this sort to ascertain who was resident there several months pre viously on census day, and still less to secure Information regarding such persons. Deliberate Fraud- Apparent. "That there was deliberate fraud in ItlQ 111 CI 14 ..WU V . . ..... . . . avati aa t-AJinACta t h A number of In- I habitants, appears almost certain from investigation- For example, from C61 Washington street the enumerator re turned 121 persons. Including 83 Japa nese, 25 Turks, eight Chinese and three natives. Of these only 21 had been enumerated on the first visit, the others representing names subsequently add ed. This Is a building occupied by a church organization working among Japanese and its sleeping quarters, which at most can accommodate only 30 persons, are used by regular lodgers and not by transients. On renumera tlon 19 regular lodgers were found there. "From 117 Maynard street, the enu merator reported 155 persons. This has only 14 rooms and the recount showed only 25 persons. In the cases of two Japanese families living In this house, six children were reportea, whereas it was ascertained with cer tainty that only one child was there at the time of the census. "The enumerator reported from 316 Sixth avenue South, 21 persons. It of whom ho classed as bricklayers. This y i ? ; ' mm :S ! :iS ,i ITHIS LABEL STANDS FOB 86 YTXK3 S J " j fjjl j ZOr KNQW1Nq HQW On Washington Near Fifth t Representing the world's best style, the top - notch of Tailoring Talent, and at a price within the reach of all t20 125. $30. $35 and 340! "Where you get the best." (ronrTudPd nn Page S.I Do Yod Breathe . Like This? It's Catarrh Private Information Allowed. "Printed instructions to enumer ators as well as oral Instructions given by the supervisor to this enumer ator authorized obtaining information from the beat available source, where It could not be obtained from the per sons directly concerned. These In structions, for example, would permit Information to be secured from a neigh bor or Information concerning a board er to be obtained from a lodging-house keeper, where It was absolutely Im possible to obtain It in any other "way. The enumerator, however, interpreted these Instructions as permitting him to invent out of his own head Infor mation where' tt was lacking, and this be did in the case of thousands of per sons reported In his schedules. "It Is obviously-far more desirable I I Send Ton Absolutely Free a Trial Package of a RemedyThat Cures This Distressing Condition. It Comes Prepaid to i Your Boor. Consider my offer. I willingly send you free of charge a trial treatment of the wondertui uauss uomoinea catarrh Cure. You have everything to gain and nothing to lose. It's up to you. If you wish to be cured of that foul spitting and hawking that wretched depressed eensatlon that "don't-dare-look-any-body-ln-the-face" feeling then fill out the coupon without further delay. 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