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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 20, 1910)
Q mill alJUAt 1jUU.U.1.1) X tlttJU.t.J) " ' j J Before BLAME GIVEN WEST TOLSTOI BORN OF NOBLE ANCESTRY t RECENT PORTRAIT OF GREAT RUSSIAN WHO DIED Our Big Mirrors! LAST Foreign Exchange NIGHT. Prices Go Up as Operations of Ranchmen Narrow. I ' m I I TRY 'EM Jr U On!! ' Famous Novelist, Frolicsome as Child, Always Thought Self Ugly. 7WAS GAMBLER IN YOUTH )WngM Habit Was Arqutwd. Young Socialist Reformer I.om- X'nl vrrslty Kdu-tton Peters burg: Life Distasteful. Count TolstM was born t Tasnali. polUna. on Auust I'. 1:?. HI. father was Count Nikolai Hyttch. who srvd -. tha Favlorard Rerlment of Hussars. teln taken prrsoner bv the French In trie campaign of 1V.1 Tolstoi's mother was Princess Voiknnskaya. She was de scended from a Montenegrin family, and died when the famous author waa As a child Tolstoi was frolicsome ssd lively. He described himself snire lrhit In his bock "Boyhood." -I was modem bv nature he wrot. but my mo.lesty was still further In creased by conviction of my own UKtl nssa. Mv appearance. 1 was convinced, was unicalnly. and 1 could not even con sola myself with the usual compensat ing comfort. I could not say that I had an expressive. Intelligent or aris tocratic face. There was no expression In It at all the most ordinary, coarse acd homelv features: small (tray eyes, which, especially when I looked at the Mass. seemed stupid rather than Intel Jlgent. Bl Fret Thought DUsrac-cful. "There was still less of anything roanly. Notwlthstan-IInK the fart that I was not of short stature, and verv strons- for my years, all the features of my face were soft, f'.abby and un formed. There waa nothing whatever bout It that spoke of gentle birth. On the contrary, my face was exactly ITka a muzhik's, and had the same kind of Tela; feet and hands, and this seemed to me at that time very disgraceful." Count Tolstoi entered the I'nlverslty e-f Kaxan. but In 1 he suddenly left the school and returned home without taking bis degree. It may be that the real secret of his action lay In the fact that he had become addicted to gam bling. He took part In the Crimean War and wrote the famous "Sevastopol- sketches, which, when he went to I-stersburg. gave hlra rank among the literary lights of the capital. lie was then about 2. At the time he went to Petersburg, according to his own account, con firmed by those who knew him then, he waa wild, reckless and overbearing. He la said not to have had much faith ta the sincerity of his fellow men. and 1.1 u piercing glance made more than on apeaker tremble In hla presence. He took delight In disturbing precon ceived opinions and In exasperating his friends. Tbe dissipated, futile Petersburg life soon palled on the young Count, and at last the Idea germs that are found scattered all through his novels, even , In the earliest, began to develop. He finally elaborated a system of life that proved satisfactory. lie studied ftreek and read the Tlschendorf text of the w Testament, and made the discov ery that the translations were compli cated by Interpolated words that al tered the sense. The central command rf his new faith was "i:ealst Not Kvll." This simple, single restriction meant the abolition of courts and armies, of prisons and punishments. Tolstoi's Doctrine Hcvcaled. "Let all the world practice this doc trine of Jesus." said the Count, "and the reign of Uod on earth will conie. If I alone practice It- I shall do what I can to better my own condition and the condition of those about me." To this end he Immediately began to organise his own life In accordance with his new theory. Man was a com plex being with brute strength In back and muscles: therefore the Count plowed before breakfast and literally earned hla bread In the aweat of hla brow. Man had the faculty of delicate manipulation with his finders and wrists; therefore the Count cobbled shoes. Man had a brain; therefore the Count exercised that gran by writ ing simple, direct stories for the masses. Man had capacities for social enjoy ment: therefore the Count received hla friends In the evening. In U3. at the close of the Crimean War. Tolstoi resigned his commission and detemlned he would devote himself to letters. Tolstoi strongly opposed the war with Japan, but. of course, hla pronounce ments bad no effect. Toward the close of the conflict, when defeat after de feat had shown the Russian people how useless and expensive were the soldiery, how corruption ruled the camp, the government officers and the palace, and when the deep murmurs for reforms became louder, Tolstoi wrote a remark able letter to the Czar. This letter never reached tbe Winter Palace, but It waa given a conspicuous place In European Journals. The letter simply addressed the autocrat as "Ieur Urother." It Informed him that dissatis faction was Increasing, notwithstand ing 1 years of barbarous repression. Hold Words to the? Cxar. "Brother Nicholas, let me tell you hat the times are past when the peo ple regard the cxar aa a mundane and inviolable god. The people know very well that rulers are creatures of acci dent, that there were good and bad raars: yes. and Indifferent rxars. If you value your crown and the happi ness of your son. wife, children, rela tives and people, stop the misery pre vsillng in Russia before It Is too late. Give liberty to the working masses political and economical liberty. Re turn to the people the land stolen from fhera. Give the peasants equal rights with the city dwellers, and make both Independent of arbitrary, drunken and vile officials. Abolish the rule em powering governors to declare martial law and kill at their pleasure. Abolish every law and regulation opposed to reading, instruction and education, all class laws, and all laws interfering with worship. Forbid the punishment of persons who hare deserted the ortho dox church, and. above all. Brother Nicholas, listen to the voice of your people while It Is respectfully ex pressed. If you do not. you may be forced to listen to It under the most unfavorable Tlrcumstancea." Tolstoi closed his letter to the Crar aa abruptly aa be opened It. "Farewell. Nicholas." he wrote. "I have done my duty. I o yours. It is significant that a stiort time after the publication of this letter the plans for the Iuma were formulated. Soon after this and prior to the. last revolution In Russia Tolstoi wrote an other slinging epistle to the Cxar. In which he denounced frte wholesale hangings, slaughter of Innocent per sons in KlshlneS and Kief br the - r " : - : S ' ' . ' a. .'-.. s-a -eja, - - ' -v ' aW ; lp i' I e It 7 .r -" v.... v--' I - LEO LEO TOLSTOI. Ciar's troops and again closed with. "Farewell. Nicholas, I have done my duty. Religious Vlevcs Radical. On the question of religious liberty Tolstoi waa extremely radical. He had suffered for Ills liberal views by hav ing been excommunicated In 1801. at which time he even waa threatened with exile, but powerful friends at court thwarted the scheme of the late M. PobledonoetefT. then procurator of the Holy Synod, who nad become en raged over the teachings of Tolstoi, and who desired that he be banished. Tol stoi waa permitted to remain In Rus sia, but he was summarily cast out of the Orthodox rhurcn. Tasnala I'oliana where Count Tol- atol was born, and where he lived the most of his life, la situated near the City of Tula, and la about 100 miles from Moscow. It comprises an estate of J0OO aires, which has been under cultivation for hundreda of years. In 180 Count Tolstoi published nis "Kreutxer Sonata," with Its odd theory of morals. About fnat time he began to prepare for his death. He made over to hla wife and hla children hla entire fortune, and deposited nls memoirs with the curator of the ltumyansoff Museum on condition that they should not be opened until ten years after hla death. In 1S3 appeared "The Kingdom or toa Within Is." and In 1 "Patriotism and Christianity," a critique of the Franco-Russian alliance, which was published In translation by the Lon don Ciironlcle. CENSUS FIGURES READY AXXOrXCKMF.Vr TO BE MADE TI ESDAY OR WED.ESI.y. Totals for Seattle and Portland Will He Given on Same Day. Spokane) to Walt. OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Wash ington. Nov. 1. Census Director Du ra nd. said today that he expected to announce the population of Portland and Seattle on Tuesday or Wednesday of next week and that. In all probabil ity both cittea will be announced on the. aame day because of the rivalry between them. Seattle, aa heretofore stated, will show a greater population than Port land, due largely to the fact that the city limits of Saltle have been extend ed since 1900 to take in adjacent bud- urbs whereas several adjacent suburbs of Portland, which In reality form part of the city, are not Inside the corporate limits and therefore are not Included In the cenaus figures. While no definite statement Is yet ob tainable. It Is understood that If the possible limits were extended to cover an area equal to that embraced In the corporate limits of Seattle, the Oregon metropolis would snow a larger popu lation than Seattle. The population of Boise will be an nounced In the middle of next week but Spokane la being held up awaiting fur ther information. IRISH MARTYRS HONORED Hibernians to Hold Memorial Serv ices' for Manchcslcr Heroes. The Ancient Order of Hlbemiana will commemorate tomorrow night the mem ory of the Manchester martyrs. Allen. Larktn and O'Brien, who were executed In England. November B. Mgr. The exer clara wtll be held In Woodmen Of tha World Temple, Eleventh and Alder streets. In memory of the heroes of the cause of Irbh liberty, the national an them. "Ood Save Ireland." waa dedicated a the men joined handa and marched to the scaffold. Perhaps no other heroes of Irish his tory are dearer to the hearts of their countrymen than the men who attempted to rescue comrades from a police van, and who were afterward charged with the murder of a police sergeant, who lost bis life. The Hibernians will keep open, house Monday night in a room decorated with Irish and American flags, and some of the brilliant orators of the city will tell stories of Irteh wrongs. The following programme will be given: Remarka W. N. Galena, chairman: Medley of Irish sirs. Miss Mary Bsrrett; "Come Beck to Erin." Mra Frank Rockert; "Fj-Iu's Irlsg. Master Oloywus Hyland: "Where the River Shannon Flows." Howsrd Par rel!; "Sweet Sonsw of Erin." Portland Male Quartette; Klllarney." Mlas May Breslln; orstton. Rev. J. A. Conway: song selection, A. B. Cain, Irish melodlea, or rhestra: popular Iris song. Frsnk D. llennereiy; The Star Spangled Banner," audience. TOLSTOI IS DEAD Count Splendid Patient to End, Say Doctors. DEATH-GRIP HOLDS GIRL During One .of Ileart Attacks, Daughter of Dying Man Clutched by rather. Who Whispers 'Now End Has Come; That Is All.' rontlnud From First Pare affected by-the approaching death of Russia's great writer. His heart beat Its last apparently without him having had a clear moment to enable him to say farewell or cast a forgiving look upon his wife and chil dren. All day the Countess was unceas ing In her pitiful Imploring of one doc tor after another to gain entrance to the one-story, humble out-dwelling, with two windows facing the garden, where Tolstoi lay. After the first cardiac attack Dr. Thtchurovsky promised he would an nounce her presence to the Count at a favorable opportunity. The second at tack came Just after a two-hours' sleep. The members of the family were sum moned hurriedly. Family Is Summoned. The condition of the patient, however, wss so grave that he waa put to sleep again by Injections of morphine aa the only means of deferring the end. The family waa then admitted for a few minutes to the bedside. Another attack occurred about 3 o'clock In the morning and the family gathered again. The Countess was pre vailed upon to retire. I-ater when the end came, in addition to the Countess, four eons and three daughters were presen t. , Tolstoi, accompanied only by Dr. Mskovetski. left his home at Yasnaya Pollana with the purpose of ending his days In solitude, to which he more and more inclined In his latter years. His pilgrimage led him to the monastery at Shamardlne. in the province of Kalu ga, where he remained aa the guest of hla alater, Marie, who ia a nun In the Cloister. Pilgrimage Is Resumed. Learning that his retreat had been discovered he insisted upon proceeding on his journey to the Caucasus, where he hoped to spend his last dsys close to the Tolstolifn colony on the shores of the Black Sea. But on the railroad Journey he was overcome with exhaustion and the cold, and Dr. Makovetskl was compelled to have him transferred to the flag sta tion at Astapova. where he waa made aa comfortable as possible In the rude wooden building. For five daya he had lain there, suf fering first from bronchitis and later from Inflammation of the lungs. Spe. rlallsts were called from Moscow and other places, but notwithstanding their utmost efforts, the heart of the great Russian responded but feebly to res toratives and stimulants administered. Hope Is Abandoned. Saturday the attacks of heart failure Increased alarmingly and many boura prior to the end the physiclana had given up all hope. Countesa Tolstoi was admitted to the sick room for the first time last night, but her hJabsnd failed to recognise her. She had nastened to him when she learned several days ago that hla ill ness was serious, but the physicians had deemed It advisable that she be kept away from the Count, fearing that her presence might cause the patient emotion. Other members of the family from time to time were admitted to the pres ence of their father, and his daughter, Alexandria, baa been In constant attendance. SECRETARY WILSON TALKS Irrigation in Humid Sections Will Be N'ecessary, He Says Hard Times Are Predicted Vndcr Democratic Congress. CHICAOO. Nov. 1. The United States Land Irrigation Exposition was formally opened today- James Wilson. Secretary of Agriculture, delivered the principal address. He declared that the homesteader of the West Is In part to blame for the present high costs of living, and also predicted a return to hard times under Democratic control of Congress. "The homesteader." he said, "is re ducing the field of operations of the meat harvest of the West and becom ing quite a factor In the cost of living." Other causes, he said, were the great Immigration to this country and the movement to the cities. The recent tumble in the prices of meat he attrib uted to drought In the range country and the big corn and oat crops. He declared that much remains to be done in improving the country's farm ing conditions. Soil Nation's Best Asset. The new lands opened up under the homestead act of half a century ago "were often exploited," he asserted, "for temporary profit by Boll robbers who were experts of their kind." Ow ing to such management, the yield of the acre In the United States gradually decreased. Little intensive farming was done. "But none of our soils," he added, "are beyond redemption. The soils of this country are the greatest asset the country has. Progress in all di rections depends on the condition of the soil and there is no material in Jury of such great value as that which pertains to our soils." After speaking briefly of what al ready has been done "by the Depart ment of Agriculture In establishing experiment stations and agricultural colleges In various states and send ing experts Into all parts of the world most suitable for cultivation under all weather and soil conditions, he told of further needs. Mpre Irrigation Needed. "The day will come," he declared, "when Irrigation will be applied as a matter of National necessity to the growing of crops In the humid regions of the country, something that has been done for hundreds of years in European countries that have over forty inches of rainfall. "We will have to begin at the sourc es of our rivers in the mountains where the rivulet forms the creek and the creek eventually forms the river. Reservoirs will be built at the heads of our streams to be used In periods of drought. All countries of which I have any knowledge. have periods of drought. Some of our states have ninety Inches of rainfall and yet they have periods of drought. These dry times prevent the growing of maxi mum crops. "But more is needed than Irrigation. Those who grow crops by Irrigation depend too much upon the added water and too little upon cultivation of the soli." He cited the sugar beet Industry, pointing out that whereas the average yield In this country is 10 tons an acre, a reasonably good yield will be 10 tons. "When they reach that point." he continued, "we can produce within the continental United States, all the sugar our people need. We are paying out in the neignoornooa or a siuu.uuu. 000 a year for the sugar that could be grown here if our farmers understood how to grow the sugar beet. Southern State Active. "Efforts are being made by the Fed eral and state Governments to help in these directions." He spoke In glowing terms of the work being done In the Southern States In the way of offering prizes to boys who would produce bumper crops of corn, potatoes, tobacco and other things. "It is only a question of time," he added, "when the South will ship cattle and hogs to the great centers of pop ulation and contribute toward the food of our people. It has raised Its maxi mum crops the last two years." "All parts of the country, the East particularly." he said, "should produce more of its own fruits, which." he ad ded, "are at home there but not grown anywhere in sufficient quantity to en able the people of the United States to get fruit at reasonable prices. Fruit Just now is a luxury." ritclier Shelters Fire Victims. CHICAGO, Nov. 19. Edward Reulbach. the Chicago National pitcher, played host to half a dozen hysterical women and as many crying children last night. Seven families were driven to the streets and two sleeping Infants rescued and carried from their cribs by their terrified mothers in a fire which at tacked an apurtment-houne. causing a loss of J-10,000. The Reulbach home, which adjoins the burned building, was turned into a small emergency hospital. Dr. Alice S. Conklln, who returned to her burning apartment to rescue two cannrles, risked possible death from suf focation. Although slightly injured by a fall In escaping, she carried the birds to aafety. Vnlon of 800,000 Girls Aimed. NEW YORK. Nov. 19. The Woman's Trade Union League of New York has formed a large committee which will Whether you require to scud money to any point in Europe by draft or cable transfer, or want to tarry with you drafts, Travelers' Checks or Let ters of credit available in all parts of the world, j-ou will find our service en tirely adequate. Your foreign business is solicited and special care will be taken to provide you with that form whicn will best ssrve yoiu -e-quirenients. Let us advise with you pertaining to any phase of our service, MERCHANTS SAVINGS & TRUST COMPANY endeavor to unionize all of the 800,000 working girls In Greater New York. With this end in view the city Is to be divided Into districts, each member of the committee to be in charge of a dis trict. Each committee woman la to go to the wives of trade unionists In her district and Induce them to wear but tons with the Inscription: "Organize; we are with you." The delegates are to be asked to go to all places where there are working girls, mingle with them and use their best efforts to organize them. Manila Death Rate Lowered. NEW YORK. Nov. 19. The employ ment of modern sanitary methods in the Philippines has resulted in Im proved health conditions and a notable fall In -the death rate, according to statistics gathered by the Manila re port of a New York medical journal. In the city of Manila he says the aver age death rate has dropped from 40 per thousand to 34.9. By nationalities, the death rate Is as follows: Americans, 12.9; Spaniards, 16.6; Chinese. 18.2; Eu ropeans, other than Spaniards, 21.7; Filipinos. S6.9. ' Boston Tea Party Kelic Is Gift. PRINCETON. N. J.. Nov. 19. John R. Tweeddale, a Princeton graduate, now living in the Province of Saskatche wan, Canada, has presented to the university library a small tin of tea which he says was part of that thrown Into Boston harbor by the famous Bos ton Tea Party In 1773. The sample Is accompanied by an affidavit setting forth the reasons for believing that the article Is genuine. The tea was ob tained by one of Mr. Tweeddale's ances tors and has been .carefully preserved duHne succeeding generations. How to Get Rid of Catarrh A Simple, Safe, Reliable Way, and It Costs Nothing to Try Those who suffer from catarrh know its miseries. There is no need of this suffering. You can get rid of it by a simple, safe, inexpensive, home treat ment .discovered by Dr. Blosser. who, for over 36 years, haa been treating catarrh successfully. His treatment Is unlike any other. It is not a spray, douche, salve, creim, or Inhaler, but Is a more direct and thorough treatment than any of these. It cleans out the head, nose, throat and lungs so that you can again breathe freely and sleep without that stoppc 1 up feeling that all catarrh sufferers have. It heals the diseased mucous membranes and arrests the foul dis charge, so that you will not be con stantly blowing your nose and s. lttlng, and at the same time it does not poison the system and ruin the stomach,, as in ternal medicines do. If you want to test thin treatment without cost, send your address to Dr. J. W. Blosser. 874 Walton street. At lanta. Ga., and he will send you by re turn mall enough of the medicine to sat isfy you that It Is all he claims for It as a remedy for catarrh, catarrhal headaches, catarrhal deafness, asthma, bronchitis, colds and all catarrhal com plications. He will also send you free an illustrated booklet. Write him Immediately. 1 THE DEAF Can Hear The Electrophone ?ib an eiecirit-i won Jr. It multiplies WY2 sound waves so the deafest person can dis tinctly benr as well as those with perfect bearing. Cud be ued at home before decid ing e buy. No treatment required; gives tnatant asMtKnce. Thousands In ute. Call or write for particulars. MTOLZ ELKCTKO VHON'E CO.. 2iH Lumbermen bids.. Fifth and Stark Sts.. PORTLAND. OR. Minnesota Postofflce Robbed. LAKEVILLE. Mlnn Nov. 19. The safe In the local postofflce was blown open today by robbers, who took $1000 In stamps and f 125 in cash. They es caped with a tftolen horse and buggy. Ths birthrate In " rrest towns In Ens land. In was Ji.7 at 100. The dsath wmim avsrassd. 14.7. mm Til Wo faWmlit rt t hop vavfa mftie dmi and assist our emptors foiuc .v. cm? , $lnvv and m ti, i iltAUyr $2o i4X j up! i ' 1 X ' "Stein Bloc h, of Course", at First Glance Criticise to Your Heart's Content the hang of the collar, set of the shoulder, drape of front and back, cut of lapels, curve of body lines all combine to make them self selling, irresistible clothes. 'specially the exclusive new shades in tobacco brown. 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We are prompt In the de livery of all orders. Parcels called fop on request. Mall Orders Receive Prompt Attention. THE VIENNA STEAM CLEANING AND DYEING WORKS ' Pbones Main 14S, A 84SA. 234-226 THIRD ST., PORTLAND, OR.