The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, November 22, 1908, SECTION THREE, Image 30

The Sunday Oregonian., November 22, 1908, SECTION THREE, Page 6, Image 30

Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR

About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 22, 1908)

Prev Page of 64 Next Prev Issue Next Text PDF JP2 (3.8 MB) Clip/Print Image

Return to Top

Prev Page of 64 Next Prev Issue Next

Newspaper Page Textt THE ST7XDAY OREGOXTAX, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 22, I90S. ft Wi)t (Draconian rORTLAXD, oiroox. tatm at Portland. Oraaon. Poetofflca aa Second -c wm M at lr. utacrivUaa Han la.artably la Adn (By MAIL) Dally. Indtr laelndad. ana year Dal.y. Sunday lnciuaad. aix month... Dally. Sunday Included, thraa months. DaKy. SuDdar Included, on month... ai;y. without Sunday, nne yaar..... Lally. wttnout Sunuay, tlx month.. Dally, without Sunday, tnra months.. Daily, without Suadar, ana month.... Waakry. on yaar. ........... Sunday, ena yur ... Sunday and Waakly. ana yaar.. ...... (Br Carriar. ) Dally, fonday tncludad. on a 7sr Emily. Saadar lnoiudad. on month. .! 00 . 4U . ."J . soo . : . ee . 1 io . s ou . 00 . .15 Haw ta Kamtt - ftanfl postoSlca money ordr. expraaa order or pareonai coaca Vail- fawml h.EL SttmH. COltt Of eUfTeOcy are at the aodar's risk. Otva poatofflce ad draaa In full. Including aounty and stata. Paetaara Halm 11 to 14 CU 1 cent: 1 to 3S naaaa. S canta: SO ta him, S centa 44 to 00 paaaa. a cents. Foralsa poatasa double ratea. M In... fteTiaa Tha 8. C Back with Spaclai Aiucr Now York, rooma 48 se Tribune bulldlnaj. Chicago, rooma 410-511 Tribune bunainc. PORTLAND. SO DAT. OT. XI. 10S. OLD jLESSONB TO BK LEA RTI1 ATW. Does direct legislation violate the National Constitution? It Is a ques Uon. raised by certain states, which ret awaits answer. It la raised in Ore-g-on by the Initiative method. In so far as It relates to the personal and property rights of citizens of other states. Probably the Supreme Court of the United States will leave It to each state to fight out the problem of direct legislation for Itself. In so far as It may concern Its own citizens only. But It Is a question how far. If at all, the state Initiative will be permitted to Interfere with a Federal function, or with rights Included in federal powers. Each state Is required by the Con stitution to have a republican form of Kovernment; and a republican form of government has always been under stood to be based on the suffrages of the people, with a representative legis lature and an elective and non-hereditary executive, while In a pure democ racy the people make the laws and elect all the officers, directly. Nothing Is more certain than that the Constitution of the United States requires the election of Senators by the Legislatures of the states. It fol lows that any attempt to Interfere, di rectly or Indirectly, with the Consti tutional principle, by the states, or by part fes . within the states. Is void. Judge Williams, in his article on the subject, published yesterday, puts the rase with his usual clearness and force. "An ante-election pledire made by a candidate for the Legislature to vote in a particular way In the election of Senator Is unconstitutional and void, because it divests him of a power ex pressly conferred upon him by the Constitution of the United States, which cannot be delegated or exer cised by any other person or persons." Tet, says the author of this luminous statement: "I do not question the right of the people to express at the polls their preference for a United States Senator, nor do I question the right of a member of the Legislature to act In accordance with this ex pressed preference, If It meets with his Judgment; but under no circum stances can such expressed preference be otherwise than advisory." It Is absolutely certain that the people of Oregon, who have Just voted by the enormous plurality of 25,000 for a Republican President, do not want a Democratic Senator. Just be - fore the Presidential election the man who now Is a candidate for the San ate, and who rails on Republicans to elect him to that office. Issued an ad dress to the people. In which he de clared for Bryan, examined In detail the principles and purposes for which Bryan stood, and to which the Demo cratic party stood committed, and pronounced for Bryan and the Demo cratic platform and policy, as against Taft and the Republican platform and policy; yet he and his supporters insist that a Legislature, live-sixths of whose members are Republicans, is bound to elect him. Is It In this way that we arrive at the will of the peo ple? If so. It must go on the assump tion that the enormous Republican majority In Oregon means nothing. The Senatorshlp for six years means more to Oregon than the Presidency for four. But to go back to the question. Does direct legislation violate the Federal Constitution? Consider cer tain fundamental facts and principles How will the Supreme Court of the United States deal with them? Be sure that In such a matter the people of the United States will follow the historical exposition of the subject, delivered by the Supreme Court. Under democratic government the people gather together and determine by vote what laws shall be enacted. The history of civilization and gov ernment has shown that whenever at tempt has been made to extend this form of government to the adminis tration of the atTalrs of a larger com munity the effort has failed and has resulted In the downfall of the gov ernment Itself. Greece, Rome, France and other nations all suffered because r the difficulties and dangers attend-- ' exercise. At the close of our Revolution was the critical period of uur history. It was Impossible to do anything through the local democra cies. Hence the convention of 17S7 was called, and this preceding system whs discarded as unsuitable for ad ministering the affairs of a great na tion. We shall have an historical ex position of all this, when any one of the cases that Involve the question of direct legislation by the states shall bring the subject up In a form that requires It to be directly handled by tb Supreme Court of the United States. The Initiative is a. form of demo cratic government. Intended to super sede to an Important extent repre sentative government. We may sup pose the Supreme Court will be little Inclined to deal with It In matters purely of state concern; but where any Federal question Is Involved it will assert Jurisdiction. The question will arise In cases as to the Jurisdic tion of the United States Courts, con cerning the property rights of the cit izens of any state, as affected by the Jaws of another state, enacted by this method; and. moreover, under the provisions of the great blanket ordi nance known as the . Fourteenth Amendment. Growing out of this method of legislation we shall have controversies that will recall our peo ple to fundamental principles of poli tics and government, and in the long run we shall gain knowledge and strength from the experience. For The Oregonlan fully believes that. In time, the State of Oregon, recovering its balance of Judgment, will correct all these absurdities. The explosion of a r main that occurred last Friday when sxcavatiaa; a Brooklyn street was frightful and sudden, but it can hardly be said to have been surprising, since It repre sents the always possible result of burrowing under busy streets that are threaded with gas mains and over topped by massive buildings. Human life, with its needs and demands, liter ally packs the area covered by Brook lyn. Over much of this space .men are at work tearing down the old and substituting the new In buildings, sur face railways, subways, elevated rail ways, water mains and sewers. The wonder Is not that an explosion caused by a spark (no doubt from a laborer's pipe) dropping upon a leaK In a gaspipe. burled twenty-five men In the awful fissure made, but that a single day passes without some disas ter to human life In its contention against the great forces that have been enfisted in the building of mod ern cities. Pt.-I.LtNG THE WEEDS. It is encouraging to read that the Los Angeles School Superintendent has at last plucked up courage to or der the children under his charge to rive UD their "fraternities. The weeding out of these pernicious socle- ties proceeds apace. A fatal hin d ranee to study, a foe to discipline, de structive to morality and good man ners. It Is a wonder that school author ities tolerate these pests anywhere. Usually when they are stamped out there will be half a dozen bad children who appeal to the courts to uphold them In disobeying their teachers, but the American Judge Is yet to be discov ered who will do such a foolish thing. The persistence of the fraternities in the face of good sense and sound edu cation Is more the parents fault than the children's. Doubtless the true un. derlylng cause of the support they re ceive Is flunkeylsm and snobbishness. Many parents would let their boys and girls go to their graves as ignorant as a Hottentot for the sake of one gra cious smile from a "social superior.' Others would crawl to Jerusalem- on their stomachs If the same superior but bade them do it. Hence the fra ternlties. To extirpate these silly so defies Is the first duty of the school authorities wherever they have sprung up. MB. CANNON'S THEORY. 'Do you consider the cost of pro duction as fundamental In fixing tariff schedules?" An Interviewer propound ed this question to Mr. Joseph G. Can non the other day. "Absolutely, was his reply. He meant, of course, that the duty ought to be so high that when It was added to the cost of pro duction abroad the sum would equal the cost of riroductlon here. An im mediate deduction from this Is that there ought to be a negative duty, or import bounty, upon all articles not produced In this country, since there is no other way to carry out Mr. Can non's theory as far as they are con cerned. If we punish the Importer for bringing In goods which are pro duced here, we certainly ought to re ward him for bringing those we do not produce. Mr. Cannon, as might be expected. looks at the tariff entirely from the seller's standpoint. The ultimate pur chaser he Ignores. To this purchaser the cost of production is increased by whatever amount the tariff adds to the selling price. If the tariff adds nothing to the selling price, then clearly It protects nobody. If it does cause higher prices, then It takes the consumer's money and gives It to the protected producer. This ls the dilemma which the standpatters have to face. So long as the consumer Is willing to be robbed, they can solve the difficulty by empty palaver and vague generalizations. The Instant he really begins to understand what the tariff does, the standpatters will be frightened Into an honest movement for reduction. In respect to the tariff, as to most other things, the people will get from the Government favors In strict proportion to their Intelligent demands. All other favors will go to the privileged Interests. COMMERCIAL AMBITION OF THE WEST. "In the East few of us really under stand why the West .la so self-conscious, self-reliant and self-sufficient." This admission from the New York Sun gave somewhat of a surprise until it was learned from what followed the admission that the writer had been reading a paper In a recent number of the North American Review, by Mr. J. B. Case, president of the Trans Mississippi Commercial Congress, which turned on the light In many dark places. The theme of Mr. Case is the future of Western trade and, as the Sun ad mits, he tells the East some things It ought to know, "for the East is very well satisfied with itself, too, and not as well Informed about the ex pansion and aspirations of the West as it should be for its own interests." Of course, no single section of the country Is Independent of the others. There is an Interdependence In trade that cannot be ignored. The West goes to the great commercial centers of the East to buy merchandise, hav ing got the money to pay the bills from Eastern buyers of the products of vast Western fields. This Is a mat ter of record in transportation offices, where the returns from the great trains that go from the West to the East laden with range and dairy prod ucts, fruits, breadstuffs, lumber, etc., are made up. Mr. Case shows that the West has developed so many resources In the good times of the last decade that If a dividing wall were to be built along the -Mississippi River the West could live and thrive without the aid and countenance of the East. But this would not be an ideal con dition. Co-operation in a large sense is characteristic of the new West. All of Its people are pulling together In larger matters. It is only In smaller concrns thta It gives way to local and sectional Jealousy. It is cited In sup port of this statement that three bodies Interested In mining. Irrigation and commerce meet every year to compare notes and take stock so to peak, in progress. "The direct object of the organizations." we are told. "is to build up the struggling enter prises of the West; to unite In one effort the politicians, the capitalists and the business workers who live be tween the. Mississippi and the ? iclflc." The spirit of co-operation extends to the agricultural and horticultural Interests. Farmers, dairymen and or chardlsts, like the miners, lumbermen and manufacturers, are interested in cheap transportation, since In that way lie the possibilities of expansion. Hence, the movement to construct branch railways and develop available water routes Is general throughout the West and Is backed by a power ful public opinion. Mr. Case predicts that the "Increase in shipping from Galveston, Port Arthur and New Or leans during the next ten years will be greater than from any other ports In the United States." What the opening of the Panama Canal will mean to the West it is Im possible to estimate. Its possibilities, however, fill the dreams of a multitude of active, energetic men of business fTre-slght and financial attainment. That the West will continue to grow Is certain. In ' pursuance of this growth It will reach out to the mar kets across the Pacific as well as A the North, East and South, making a place for the products of its teem ing fields, abounding pastures, mag nificent forests, exhaustless mines and bountiful orchards. For the Illuminating paper In which all of this and much more Is succinctly set forth, the people of the great West, the "New West," are most grateful to Mr. Case, who. In his ca pacity as president of the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress was able to speak with authority on the future of Western trade and to compel the attention of at least one powerful New York Journal to the commercial growth and trade possibilities of tha great and abounding est. THE TRUE SATAN. Matthew Arnold in a famous pas sage declared his belief that there was In the universe a power, not our selves, which makes for righteous ness. Who or what the power might be he did not pretend to say very defi nitely, but he was convinced that It existed. History is full of remarka ble events which some persons call coincidences, but which others main tain are clear evidences of a provlden tlal watchfulness for the success of good causes and righteous men. Such, for example, was the terrible storm which arose as the Persian fleet, bent on the destruction of Hellas, sailed along the Island of Euboea. The vessels were broken on the rocky shores and the crews drowned In such numbers that the mighty armament no longer surpassed the power of Greece to meet and vanquish. Other men contemplating the strange series of events which ended' in" the total wreck of the Spanish armada seem, In the Incompetence of Philip's com manders, the fatuous course of their voyage and the storms which arose so opportunely for Elizabeth and her realm and strewed the Scotch and Irish coasts with the fragments of the sea power of Spain, to perceive the hand of Providence working for the triumph of liberty and intellectual light over tyranny and superstition. It appears certain, however, that if there Is a power working in the world for righteousness there must be an other which works for unrighteous ness. The reason for this will In stantly occur to everybody. If there had been a power working for right eousness from the beginning of time. no matter how feeble itmlght have been, It would long ago have annihil ated all the evil of the world if it had not been opposed. Even an Infinltesl mally small force acting for an irf finlte period must accomplish great results. But it is Impossible for an unprejudiced observer of human af fairs to convince himself that the power working for righteousness has actually effected anything like a com plete extirpation of evil. Wherever we look we behold Injustice and wrong. Perhaps there is less of them than in former times, but they still exist and very often they are victori ous in human affairs. Hence we cannot avoid the conclusion that the power not ourselves which works for righteousness has been actively op posed by another power which works for unrighteousness and which thus far has continually thwarted the be neficent purposes of the former. Thus we are forced back upon the ancient belief that the universe is the battleground for two hostile deities, Ormuzd and Ahriman, Light and Darkness, Jehovah and Satan, Good and Evil, as they have been variously named, who are In perpetual strife. So far as human experience goes, the day .when the good deity will win his final triumph seems to be far away In the mysterious tide of time. Doubt less it sweeps toward us athwart the abysmal darkness and some day it will surely come, but It has not come yet. A curious evidence of the hand of an evil deity in human affairs is the persistent trick our experiments have of turning out badly. No mat ter how good the Intention may be, no matter how lofty, or holy the in dwelling ideal may be, our schemes, our customs, our Institutions, seem lnveterately to produce a harvest of misery and wrong. So true is this dreadful rule that men have learned to sneer at such words as "love," "brotherhood," "non-resistance," "op timism," and It '. ..s become a mark of sound prudence In conduct to shun every project which promises Ideal good or even very much material good. The little communities which have been organized here and there on the principles of unselfishness and mutual help have uniformly failed. Worse still, their final outcome has been anything but kindliness and love. On the contrary, it has usually been hate. Friends who try to live to gether In the same household become enemies. Good laws, or laws with good intent, like the Sherman anti trust act, turn out In practice to be the opposite of what their- authors thought they were. Nobody ever dreamed in the beginning that the Sherman law would prove a powerful weapon against the elementary rights of man; but that Is what it has come to be, while against the unrighteous monopolies at which it was aimed it has effected nothing. Nay. It has taught them a more subtle method of combination which very likely no law can ever reach. The transformation from the loose union of corporations to the holding company is like a change from a rope of sand to chemi cal combination, and that change is the effect of the Sherman act upon the trusts It was meant to destroy. But the least admirable of Satan's deeds is his perversion of the Joy of Christmas and Thanksgiving into ab ject misery for thousands of human creatures. The way he has gone about to do It Illustrates how subtle he is, and how efficient. He has wrought boundless evil by urging us to overdo obedience to a good Im pulse. This in truth is his habitual method. To show our thankfulness to Jehovah we spread a bountiful feast at the end of November. Satan ars It all by turning our feast to gluttony and our drinking to drunk enness, so that Thanksgiving becomes really an orgy to the glory of Dark ness Instead of a festival to the god of light. Likewise, but much worse. Is his capture of Christmas. The day when we ought to celebrate the birth of the Prince of Peace has been trans formed Into a saturnalia of Mammon- worship. It has become a senseless competition In waste and vanity, and in that competition we ' Inflict un speakable misery upon the poor servi tors who are compelled to cater to our sin and folly. The spirit who so ; uniformly turns our good deeds and our high Intent to evil Is the true Satan. Some people say that he la dead, but It does not take much or close observation to convince one that he Is very actively alive. OLD COMPANY O. O. N. O. It Is well for Portland to take spe cial note of the twenty-fifth anniver sary of the beginnings of Company G, Oregon National Guard, -whose veter ans on Friday night commemorated that event by a feast, and by forming a new social organization to keep alive the sentiment and the memories that gather arouid It. Company G was the first body of well-equipped, well-officered, well-drilled young men of Oregon. To Company G's credit be It said; that It pioneered a genuine military spirit in the citizen soldiery, not only of Portland, but the entire state. It -was made up of men who had pride, martial aspirations and high Ideals of duty. Officers and privates became skilled In arms. As citizens, the members hewed to a straight line. Company G inspired the later compa nies with something of its own enthu siasm and technical excellence. Its impress Is manifest to this day and is likely to continue. Company G is -entitled to a place In the annals of Oregon on account of the great service It rendered this state In the anti-Chinese demonstrations twenty-three years ago. Lawless im ported agitators who had driven all the Chinese out of Tacoma and then burned their habitations Invaded Portland and attempted to repeat the outrage here. Company G was the one armed force strong enough and willing to subdue a mob. Night after night it slept on Its arms. Riotous leaders, convinced that Company G would do Its duty, quailed and slunk out of town. The debt to this fine or ganization Is the deeper because vic tory for law and order was won with out bloodshed. AWAKENING OF CHINA. Evidence is accumulating that the awakening of China is something more than a figure of speech. The ancient Empire which boasts of a civilization that was 2000 years old before Cau casian civilization began making an impression on mankind, seems to have turned over in Its sleep and yawned, preparatory to sitting up and taking notice. Of course, for ,a nation that has been asleep for 2000 years, the awakening Is a slow process. There is an old story of the imaginative school teacher who, desirous of illus trating his point, would inform his pupils that a certain star was so far distant that If an abnormally gifted human being had a finger long enough to touch the blazing spark, it would be numberless years before the pain of the burn would be felt. So, to a certain extent, with China. She has quickened and moved on the surface by the application of the heat of mod ern civilization; but the sensation Is slow In penetrating and It may be some years yet before the inoculation becomes complete. But for all that, China Is making frequent demonstrations of late which denote that the rest of the world must no longer regard her as a huge foot ball to be carelessly kicked around by any nation which feels so Inclined. This modern elixir of life, which seems to be working in the Chinese system, was first Injected simultaneously with the discovery, during the war with Japan, that the stinkpots of old were less successful In deadly warfare than the Mauser rifles used by the Japanese. China's latest exploit, which indi cates a tendency towards modern civi lization. Is the seizure of the Portu guese Island of Macao, the scene of the Tatsu Maru trouble which brought on the boycott against Japan. At the time of the Tatsu Maru seizure, Port ugal, in an effort to avoid the ensu ing complications, contended .that the seizure was made In Chinese waters. China Is now determined to call the bluff, and has raised the Chinese flag over Macao and Is levying taxes. The outcome of the strange situation will be awaited with considerable interest. If Portugal should protest against this act of China, the ancient Empire would then be in position to establish its original contention, that the act of the Japanese in landing munitions of war in Macao was a violation of the treaty. China may be slightly handicapped with a three-year-old ruler, but there Is evidence that there are plenty of pig-tailed Von Buelows. close at hand to prevent the nation from getting the worst of any kind of a bargain. "THE CHRISTMAS RUSH." As often as the Christmas holiday season approaches, a strenuous plea is made to women, who do the bulk of the Christmas shopping, to make their purchases early, and as far as possible complete their buying two weeks before Christmas. W hlle some women, largely for thefr own conven ience, have become forehanded in holiday buying, this plea, though strongly and even pathetically urged, receives scant attention. The chief reason for delay In Christmas shop ping comes from the fact that the question "What shall I give?" has grown to be a momentous one and one difficult to decide. Gift-giving at Christmas has become a matter of anxious deliberation and calculation. More than that. It has become a bore to many men and a burden to thou sands of women. The universal expression In regard to the Christmas season is that of dread at Its coming and of relief when It has passed. Lacking In the spon taneity that in former times ruled In the giving of Christmas gifts, the pur chase drags and Is postponed until the last day or days, when, spurred on by desperation, Christmas. shoppers crowd the stores and tread each others heels In the supreme effort to get off their minds the thing that has perplexed them for weeks. Precedent to any change In the manner of Christmas shopping, its rush and roar and the physical exhaustion that Is insepara ble from It, there must be a change in the spirit that prompts the giving of gifts upon this occasion.- We must come again to regard Christmas as the family festival as pre-emlenntly the children's day. Then will its burdens. Including late and frenzied shopping. with Its attendant weariness, roll away. Of the strain and stress, the fever ish anxiety, the fatigue and the suffer ing, incident to the "Christmas rush" nothing re'mains to be said. Every body acknowledges the weariness that It imposes, the cruelty of long hours and strenuous labor that belong to it. But as long as conditions are as they are, it Is Idle to exhort Christmas buy ers to apply the remedy. It Is not possible to compass a reform by deal ing with an effect. The cause in this Instance Is not far to seek. Every woman who anxiously scans her "list" of Christmas beneficiaries to see If there is not soma name that aha can drop without seeming to disregard an obligation; who is troubled about what to get this one, and undecided as to what will be suitable for that one. Is face to face and wrestling with the cause of the "Christmas rush." MAKING THINGS EASY" FOR PCTILS. The delinquency of colleges in that they fail or to the extent that they fail to Inculcate and fix the virtue of nArsnnfl 1 t-osnnnslhllitv in students. Is I In like manner the delinquency of the publio schools. The underlying tenet of the public school system in its present elaborate form is, "make everything as easy and as pleasant as possible for the children." This Is in direct opposition to the old and well-establls-hed fact that there Is no royal road to learning. The Idea embodied in the declaration or command, how ever, runs through the entire public school course. The results are not far to seek. They are manifest In the faces of harried, anxious, weary teach ers who are charged with the task of carrying, dragging and pushing a heavy, unprofitable load up the hill of knowledge. What wonder that the boys and girls who compose the load, after they are dropped upon the summit, and when it comes to prac tical application of the precepts that fell along the way from the lips of the struggling burden-bearers, repre sent an Inert, helpless mass? Those who have been pushed and pulled and dragged through the pub lic schools by the sheer force of per sistence on the part of their teachers enter college without knowing how they got there. It Is enough for them that they have scraped together cred its enough to be allowed to register. They are Ignorant of the first princi ples of study, and they either become adepts, in the art of cheating, or they soon "flunk out." But perhaps the goal of their own and their parents' ambition Is reached when the public school course Is com pleted, and the teacher, o'er-wearled, drops them to take up another load. The idea of self-dependence Is wholly new to them; persistence is an un known quantity in their make-up. They "got along" through school and In a vague way they expect to "get along" In the business vocations of life. Having thus far been carried, they do not know how to walk. But the sharp spur of necessity Is behind them, -and they plunge or stumble or blunder along, , Happy If their feet be found Never on forbidden ground; Happy If they sink not In Quick and treacheroua Band of ln. The story Is simple; its moral is plain. Require children to get their lessons; do not expect teachers to pump knowledge into careless, happy-go-lucky pupils. Never mind about "making things easy" for them. Hard study, when it comes to the higher grades, will not hurt them; but quite the contrary, if they are in good health. If they axe puny, they should quit school until their physical strength Is renewed. A boy who is made responsible and held responsible will grow into' a re sponsible man, while he who is carried along and coddled by the way will naturally look for some one upon whom to lean when man's estate Is reached. Fate Is likely to take many a hard fall out of him before he over comes th habit of letting some one else look out for him and do his thinking for him, as his teachers were expected and even required to do In his school days. MISTAKES IN ORCHARD-GROWING. Notwithstanding the large increase in acreage of land set to fruit In the last year or two, persons now enter ing this industry need have no fear of overproduction which will make their undertaking unprofitable. If there should be overproduction, the owners of the old orchards will be the first to feel the effect, and they, if any, will be the ones driven to the wall. The man who engages In fruitgrowing at this time has many advantages over his earlier rival, and if he gives Intelli gent attention to his orchard he will be able to succeed in accordance with the principle of the survival of the fit test. The new orchardlst has the ad vantage of all the mistakes his prede cessors have made, and if he wisely profits by them he will secure larger results from his orchard with a smaller expense. The owner of the old orchard planted during the experi mental stage of fruitgrowing In Ore gon Is In no position to compete with his modern rival. It was a common mistake ten, fif teen and twenty years ago to plant many varieties of trees, upon the the ory that some of them would bear every year, and that there would be enough different kinds of fruit to sat isfy the tastes or whims of all kinds of consumers. The result was that few of the orchards had enough fruit of any one kind to make them pro ducers of commercial fruit. They yielded too much fruit to place upon the local market, and not enough of one kind to make shipping possible. The modern orchardlst knows that this mistake must be avoided, and that ho must produce enough fruit of one kind to make his output attractive to the commercial buyer. The 'modern orchard is not a mixture of several varieties of cherries, pears, apples, plums and peaches. Profiting by the experience of others, the modern .orchardlst avoids shallow soils. Before buying his land he procures a long-handled auger, bores down to find out what there is under the surface, and then sends samples of the soil .to the Agricultural Experiment Station with a request for information as to the fitness of the soil for the purposes he has In mind. The modern orchardist avoids lands with poor air drainage where frost is likely to catch his fruit buds in the Spring. He doesn't plant trees on soil that is water-logged all Winter. He doesn't expeot wornout soil that has been washed by Winter rains for half a century to produce thrifty fruit trees. Observation has taught him that these unfavorable conditions must be avoided, and he escapes the dear les sons that others have learned by ex perience. Then, too, the modern orchardist plants his trees far enough apart so that the roots and branches will not Interlace when the trees have attained their growth. As a consequence, his trees are thriftier, they produce as much fruit of a better quality and the expense of production is less. Instead of proceeding upon the theory that land can produce hay or garden crops at the same time that It is producing trees, the modern orchardist gives his trees the advantage of all the nourish ment the soil contains, thereby hasten ing growth and securing better trees. He knows that to neglect cultivation of young trees for even a single sea son will mean . naitea growtn ana stunted trees which subsequent atten tion cannot bring to first-class con dition. He recognizes the fact that as a fruit-producing machine a trea is the handiwork of man nearly as much as the product of nature. The modern orchardlst does not let na ture shape the tree he shapes it him self with a view to bringing the fruit near the ground, letting in the sun shine and maintaining an even bal ance. He keeps his trees free from disease through the growing period, and does not depend upon eradicating diseases after the trees begin bear ing. The modern orchardlst arranges his buildings, his curing plant, his packing-house and his harvesting ap pliances with a view to handling his crop economically and putting the fruit on the market in a first-class condition. In this respect he has a very decided advantage over his old fashioned competitor. He can find the readier market and get the higher price. He reduces his loss of fruit to the minimum and raises his quality to the maximum. He conducts all his operations in a systematic manner, whereas the owner of the old mixed orchard must do most of his work In an irregular and spasmodic manner. The conditions and circumstances In favor of the beginner in fruit-growing account largely for the numerous sales of land that have been made recently in Willamette Valley to men who in tend to plant fruit trees. Notwith standing the higher prices of land and labor and nursery stock, the planter of fruit trees at this time has a de cided advantage over the grower of ten, fifteen or twenty years ago. Quits likely many of those who are now planting trees will make mistakes, but if they do, they have only their own carelessness or stupidity to blame. In these days of experiment stations and horticultural commissions, there is no excuse for any man going far wrong in choosing land for an orchard, selecting his trees or caring for his orchard. There are wonderful possibilities In the new transportation route by way of the Isthmus of Tehwtntepec. A shipment of freight received in Port land on the American liner Nebraskan last week came through from Antwerp with but two rehandlings between the Belgian port and Portland. With an efficient rail service across the isth mus, It would not be impossible to land European freight in Portland within thirty days after It is Bhipped This is a service that it would make the railroads hustle to equal. It will be a number of years before the Pan ama Canal Is completed and shipments can come through without breaking bulk. Meanwhile, with such a service as Is provided by the American-Ha waiian line, interior points which can not be reached by ocean carriers will experience great difficulty in meeting ocean competition of the kind that can land European freight in Portland in thirty days. - Mrs. Fannie Clayton Plummer, who died at her daughter's home on the East Side last week, was a pioneer In years and in all good works. Fifty five of her seventy-one years were spent among the young people In school, Sunday school, .church and mission. She left thereby ah impress for good that will far outlast her day and generation. A lover of flowers and of all that was beautiful in Na ture and in art, she got the very es sence of beauty out of life and en- Joyed it correspondingly.- She was, in her gentle, womanly way, an advocate of woman suffrage and of temperance and was widely known in all womanly endeavor in the community in which she had lived for nearly a third of a century. An alfalfa mill in Eastern Oregon has turned out 200 carloads of meal this season. Grinding the hay does not add to its feeding value, but it saves waste of the stems and gives the nutritive element the necessary roughage. The alfalfa mill Is a ne cessity In making Oregon a thirty-million-dollar dairy state, and there should be one in every settlement where the hay is made. Bryan gets in Nebraska a plurality of 422 8. The vote for Bryan was 130,837; for Taft, 126,609. Neighbors of Bryan, who wanted to "honor Ne braska," and feared they never would have another chance, gave him the little plurality. But his plurality in the state, in 1896, when so many peo ple were carried off their feet by the silver craze, was much greater. In a total vote of 714,656 in Mis souri, Taft received a plurality of 1026. .This result is one ef the won ders of election day first that the majority was for Taft and again that the contest was so close. A large number of Portland people learned for the first time yesterday that Oregon has two Important and well-attended institutions of higher education, one at Corvallls and the other at Eugene. U. of O. has beaten O. A. C. Well, there's no disgrace, for U. of O. got the larger appropriation and could better develop educational work. Money makes the school go. "The . tariff," says the Honorable Champ Clark, of Missouri, "is a uni versal grab game." Can it be that the eminent gentleman imagines this a new idea or discovery? The day is coming when the con stant attendant on moving picture shows will see the details of whole sale hog-killlng and hear the noises by graphophone. Increase of 59 per cent in Port land's bank clearings last week fairly registers the difference between busi ness conditions today and one year ago. As an active verb, the latest word, "Oregonlze," used in what Noah Web ster would call a political sense, con fers debatable glory. Now you see what Multnomah County had in view when its vote saved the university appropriation. Thank heaven, the championship remains at home, for it was an Ore gon team that won yesterday. An Albany girl Is one of the trained nurses caring for Heney. No more doubt of his recovery. tia fruit- fnsncrtnr raises the value of land from 1100 to 500 an acre. Good mornine: Have you ordered your Thanksgiving turkey? The starch trust naturally would prefer a stiff tariff. SILHOUETTES BY AKTHl'R A. GREENE. The iiiTfiifijI auctioneer Is the most affaeilve orator. a a I often won4r when a woman who has both a husband and a baby gets any sleep, Phe teems always to be sit ting up waltinit for her liege lord to come home or doalng the baby with colic medicine. e a Very amall kindnesses console us after great cruelties have afflicted us. a The remembrance of a love often sur vives the love itself. Just as twilight follows the day. a Now that Mra. Tsl An. of China, has passed on, the world seems a little shy on International shrewish mothers-in-law. a a a What with assassinations In Ten nessee, murderous lawlessness In San Francisco and race riots In Oklahoma, one begins to wonder If. after all, our vaunted civilization is not a myth. m a Since the Invention of pads, figures have frequently lied. a a a The next census of the United States will embrace more than 40,000,000 wom an. Lucky census. a a a Keep your hand on your pocketbook when In the company of a man who boasts of his honesty. a a a Most people consult their prejudloas when they seek wisdom. a a A faith, to endure, must have its martyrs. a a a If we have one happy day In a year, we have not lived that year In vain, a a a Fane" were originally Invented for society women who can no longer blush. a a a Time' and adversity are the great levelers. a a a HOT SPRINGS, Va Today. (Special Wireless.) President-elect Taft au thorizes the announcement that the fol lowing more or less desirable citizens will not be members of his Cabinet: Samuel Gompers, Governor "Oklahoma" Haskell, Eugene V. Debs, Joseph B. Foraker, John-D. Archbold, Joseph Sib ley and Senator Bailey, of Texas. a a a It Is much the easier task for one to accomplish his own damnation than to work out his own salvation. a a a A man can never be sure of his love for a woman until he sees her before breakfast. - When we are victims of the incon stancy of women, we censure woman kind; but when we are the objects, we find womankind "perfectly delight ful." a a a Here's hoping that Bryan may go to the Senate from Nebraska, but not by the Chamberlain route a a a A headline, "Hogs as Money-Makers," suggests the thought that while ail hogs may not be money-makers, the latter are frequently hogs. a a a It Is difficult to become enthusiastio over the telegraphic reports that the complete election returns from Nevada give Bryan a plurality when one re members that Nevada Is merely our Na tional vermiform appendix." a a The most fluent conversationalist beoomes tongue-tied when he tries to tell his love. a a a Only Ignorance Is presumptuous, a a a There seems to be no Immediate dan ger of the country becoming over-populated so long as the gay and festive automobile continues to get in its work. a a a Some people seem to consider that the best evidence of our advancement in civilization lies in the new vices we acquire. TROUSERS-WITHOUT ANY POCKETS Sack Garments Symbolize a Further Advance of Humanity. Philadelphia Record. A valuable suggestion to the South Is afforded by the style of nether In teguments affected by Governor Pat terson, of Tennessee. As a Southern man he understands the danger of the hin nocket. It Is almost lmposlble for a Southern man to go around with an empty one. He feels perhaps that he could not resist the temptation to fill his full of "shooting Irons, or possiDiy he Is seeking to set a fashion In his section of the country. He baa his trousers built without pockets, either hip or side. Trousers tremseivea represent, xne advance of democracy. Covering the entire leg, they render it Impossible to distinguish a "silk stocking" on sight. They came In with the guillotine and other leveling devices of the French Revolution. Without pockets they are capable of symbolizing a further ad vanoe of humanity, progress from tho rilana of nrivate vengeance to that or legal protection and punishment by the state. If tha Southern states, which are wearying of duels and assassinations and vendettas, would enact laws im posing heavy penalties upon the ad dition of pockets to trousers and would appoint Inspectors or tauorsnops to see that the law was obeyed, much would be done to discourage the carry ing of arms. In Kansas. Kansas City Star. Tha Presidential vote of Kansas has shown remarkable fluctuationa In the last twelve years. It is rather surprising to find, for example, that Mr. Bryan'a lost vote was the smallest he has ever re ceived in the state. Twelve years ago h received 173.000. eight years ago lw.uuu and this year 161,000. But four years ago. when Parker was the .Democratic nomi nee, the party vote dropped to $5,000, whiln the Roosevelt vote reached 211.000. Taft's vote la larger than either of tha McKinley votes, and the xoiai voce or this va.r is an Increase of 10,000 over the highest previous Presidential record. Offers Chicken for Carfare. New York World. Lfamei oiruu.u -- - - offered a conductor a chicken for his fare. An argument ensued and Siebold was' arrested for blockading traffic. Broken IB. Four Times In a Year. Baltimore News. George B. Llnsay, a lawyer in Phil adelphia, has suffered one of his legs to be broken four times in a year. .