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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 13, 1908)
SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, SErTE3IBEI. 1.1. n - . s PORTLAND, OREGON. Entered at Portland. Oregon. Poetofflcs aecaad-Claea Matter. kooaeriptlon Rates Invarteblr In AdTanos. (By MaiL - Dally. Sunday Included, one yemr ! 5? Daily. Sunday Included, aix month.... J" Ualiy. 6unday Included, three roocthe. Z-J Daily. Sunday Included, one month.. .- j DaKy without Sunday, one year " Lally. without Sunday. ! monlha m. Lally. without Sunday, three month.. lally. without Sunday, one month Weekly, one year. J"" Sunday, one year J JJ? Sunday and Weekly, one year J By Carrier.) Dally. Sunday Included, one year 00 Dally. Sunday Included, one month To How to Remit Bend poetofflc money order, express order or personal ch-ck on your local bank. Stamp, coin or currency are at the endere rUk. QW poatofnee ad dress In full. IncludUc county and elate. Postage Rate 10 to 14 page". 1 cent; 10 to 2S pacta. 2 cent: 30 to 44 pace. 1 cents; to 00 pace. 4 cent. Foreign roat lt double ratea. Eastern Business Office The S. C. Beck wit!) Special Agency New York, room 48 80 Tribune bulidins. Chicago, room 610 612 Tribune building rORTLA'I). SUNDAY. SEIT. IS, 1008. THE TEST OK "DOING THINGS." It Is fifty years since the Republi can party came Into prominence and power and declared Its purposes. During- this long; period it has kept its promises, and has done what it said it would do. Fault has been found with it, f,rom the first till now, even by many of lis own members. Criticism is the easiest trade In the world, and critics all are ready made. But on the whole the Republican party has kept its promises to the country, and has done things. A man writes to the New York World, a Democratic paper, but now indjrectly a supporter of Bryan: Not lnng ago I bought on a ptiahcart two little book that contain all the platforms of the National parties sine 1856, and do you know that all the promiaea the Republican have mad in thoea 52 years are now enacted Into the laws of the country, or are atlll In their last platform, except the Bootell tem perance revolution of 188s? That they hay dropped wisely, concluding that temperance can beet be promoted by non-partlaan method. The writer says that though a Dem ocrat, he will vote for Taft. because the Republican party has done what it promised, because its policy on the whole has promoted the public wel fare which the Democrats have con ceded by acceptance of everything of importance that has been done by the Republican party' these . fifty years. During all this period the Democratic party has come drifting and lagging along, occupying the former camps of the Republican party, and trying to warm by the cold ashes of 'its old fires, after it had moved on. No party can please all its members, still less can it please the opposition on the hunt for materials of criticism and dissent. But the Democratic party hasn't even been a good critic. It succeeded, however, sixteen years ago, in break ing up the continuity of Republican rule and had all affairs in its own hand. But it failed to do anything but commit blunder on blunder, and the people again turned it immed iately out of power. This party is critical, bu not con structive. It doesn't understand the country; it doesn't know anything of the Just balance between its progress ive and conservative forces. It can't do things. It fails. Should It come into power soon again it will fail now again, yet will create much disturb ance and will upset business and check prosperity, more or less. One great reason is that its main available strength Is In the South, which is con tent to do nothing but sit on the nigger and hold down union labor and all social and political organiza tions not in accord with the control ling idea of a single party. Its cam paigns are made wholly in the North; it is controlled In all its action by the immovable conservatism of the South. No house ever was more completely divided against itself. Therefore it can do nothing. If it gets power it will paralyze itself and paralyze the country, as it did sixteen years ago. It la the party merely of paralysis, op position, obstruction, hindrance and decay. It can't do things. The ac tivities of the country. If it should come into power, would be deadened by its touch. Again, as heretofore. thousands of people are holding oft or delaying various undertakings waiting to see. Nor will money flow freely again till they do see. The history of parties, backed by their achievements, is something. It is much. It is guide for the present and assurance for the future. . THE TTP SYSTEM JARRED. Among other reforms and much needed innovations which may get round before the millennium Is the "tipless" ocean steamer.' The coming of that glad day has been materially hastened by the heroic action of a pas senger on the Cunard liner Carmanla a few weeks ago. This passenger, fol lowing the time-honored "stand-and- dellver" custom, had distributed 35 in tips-to tho multitude of stewards who barred his progress as the steam er neared port. The failure of one of the stewards to divide a 10-shllllng tip with another precipitated a crisis, and the passenger was so vigorous In his protest against the system that his tips were collected and returned to him. The affair created so much trouble on board that when the ship docked at Liverpool the bathroom steward, who started the trouble because he failed to get his portion of the 10 shilling tip, was promptly discharged and blacklisted. He then brought suit for tlSOO, and in the court was de feated, the defense being that It was contrary to the rules of the steamship company to solicit tips. The case brought to light some interesting facts regarding the tipping system, which the big steamship lines publicly frown on and privately Insist on. It devel oped in the testimony of the dis charged steward that out of his earn ings it was necessary to "tip the pan tryman in order to get choice cuts of meat for the passengers. It was not brought out who the pantryman had to "tip." but the generosity of his em ployers was so pronounced that he probably had to tip tome one higher up or lower down. The tipping evil would not be so ob noxious on ocean steamers were it not almost exclusively due to the parsi mony of the owners, the stewards be ing employed at a- beggarly salary with the distinct understanding that if the salary is insufficient they are ex pected to graft -what they need from passengers who have already paid lib erally for the service. Nor do the big steamship companies conceal all of their petty grafts by making the poor stewards scapegoats for the practice. Th "deck-chair graft." while it is only SI. is collected exclusively for the company, although the passenger wno has paid from S100 to S200 for his passage is also expected to contribute another dollar to the deck steward who collects the company's dollar. These various grafts seem petty, but In the aggregate they reach such enor mous sums that it will be very aimcun ermlixh the system. On some, of the well-patronized express steamers conservative estimates place tne viu of the tips given employes as high as S15.000 per trip.- In other-words, the passengers contributed this sum for a service which was supposed to be in cluded In the passage money, and all of which representea a saving i" wages for the steamship owners. The Cunard passenger who had the cour age to resist the excessive extortion attempted and thereby brought about a courtroom exposure of the graft is entitled to the thanks of every ocean traveler who has suffered in silence from a similar hold-up. . v COMPUUJfTS OF THE PRIMARY 1AW. nra aro noma expressions from the press of Washington on the direct primary law: Bvery candidate' for nomination Is forced to mak hi own campaign, mortgage hla own home to pay hi own expenses and run hi own leg off trying to aave the acene when fee goe home and tells hi own wire tnt no I not the most popular man in . Beattl Time. It engender factional imre. . . . " costly. . . . It i In favor of the minority party. . - Participation of Democrat In the Republican primary ahould be obviated. Aberdeen World. In ome Instance Democrat voted tne re publican ticket, though without a. legal or moral right to do so. . . it i resuoui to aaeuma that a consiaeranie numoer oi m ..mniiin.,, MmiMTt of the oartv de liberately sought to folit weak nominee upon the Republican party. Haius nm-ui gencer. How to keep the member of the minority party from leaving their party temporarily to Influence nomination oi tne majwivj yi I one of the most difficult problem In con nection with the direct primary eyatera. Tacoma Ledger. Many Democrat were enabled to lena -a twintne- hand" ts their Republican brethren nnrior the beneficent Drovlsnon of that "fear fully and wonderfully made" direct primary law. Washington standard, tuia-umo jjemo cratlo newspaper.) ' This paper la opposed to any amendment of the . primary law. It I In favor of repeal. We are of the opinion, that the representative system upon which the Government of thl country la based 1 sound. We believe that the direct primary system contain the germ of a thousand evils which have not been known under the old system; and we think tnat a .v.- nMml. will aree with t that this new Idea 1 attractive mainly be cause it 1 new. in tne ena. or aner a tune, thev will sro back to the old plan because It la better. Xaklma Republic. These are representative news papers of the State of Washington. All have wa believe. . been favorable to the primary law, but they see the grave defects or . its operation, tor example, the spectacle of Democrats openly calling for Republican ballots and voting for Republican candidates whom they expected in the ensuing election to oppose was state-wide. It is freely recognized that if this Inva sion of party rights, capture of party organization ana control oi party nominations by the opposing party is not checked and defeated the entire system must break down. But what is to be done? How can members of a minority party be prevented, from amine- boldlv Into the Drlmarv of the majority party and running its af fairs? Isn't this the very tning tne primary law any primary law' In vites and permits? Isn't it the thing desired and demanded by the framers and promoters of primary law legisla tion? Isn't freedom to' act with any party at any time and for any time, and to act with any other party at any other time the real Inspiration and foundation of primary election laws in Oregon, wasnington ana every where? What is to be done about it? What can be done about it? How can par ties be maintained and preserved under1 it? Thev cannot toe. The next step will be a plebiscite of the whole voting population for the purpose of election without previous nomination or suggestion from any organized body of voters. Why not? A IAWYEB DISBARRED. Tho mrt omiIq r fortunes nf Francis R. Hart, of Minneapolis, deserve more at tention from the readers of newspa pers than they have thus far received. Mr. Hart Is a lawyer who has been temporarily disbarred for sending an insulting letter to tne cnier justice oi the finnreme tnurt of Minnesota. It appears that he appealed three cases in succession to the supreme court, an of which were decided against him, and in the bitter disappointment, or the righteous wrath of his heart,, it is hard to tell which, the worm finally turned. He poured his burning thoughts into three or four letters, sending one to Governor Johnson, whom he besought to begin impeach ment proceedings against the judges. Another went to the St. Paul Dispatch, iwhich printed It and gave it to the Associated Press, while a third went to the Chief Justice himself. In all these letters both the ability and the integrity of the judges were scathingly impugned, xar. iian wrote witn es- i peclal bitterness of the case of a poor . . . , . . . . I iwiaow wnom me law naa aepnvea oi her share in her deceased husband's property. In this case the Supreme Court ruled that . a widow's rights In her husband's estate were governed, not hv th a law It hfln been rlnrins bis life, but as It happened to be at his death. Thus the day before he died the Legislature might enact a statute confiscating the widow's interest, and the court would hold It valid on the ground that her right does not vest until her husband has drawn his last until ner nusoana nas arawn nis last breath. Were this rule to be applied to everybody alike, it would signify that any non-vestea interest may do confiscated as the Legislature may please. But It does not apply to every body alike. There is as much differ ence between widows and railroads as there is between twe'edle-dee and tweedle-dun. A railroad's right to its future earnings is not yet vested be cause no right can vest In a thing which does not exist. It Is merely a contingent right, like the Minnesota widow's clalm'upon her husband's es tate. And yet. If a Legislature tries to confiscate the railroad's contingent right, the courts make all expedient haste to annul Its action, while the poor widow's contingent right may be extinguished as frequently and com pletely as the Legislature desires. Such Is the law.' Mr. Hart said In his pungent letter 'I tnat a court wnicn wouia ruie tnus : against a widow must b either juuia-Jegg. that a court which would rule thus telllgent or corrupt. Modesty forbade the Minnesota Supreme Judges to try the offending lawyer themselves, so they asked Governor Johnson to ap point a. special bench to look Into the matter, and this he did. The decision, printed In the Northwestern Reporter, is as fair to the accused lawyer as language could possibly be. The judges say that he had a perfect right to criticise any action of the court, after -It was over and done with, as much as he wished. It is hot very pretty conduct on the part of a lawyer to do so. they intimate, but it is per fectly allowable. The same privilege belongs to citizens and to newspapers, a r.nork of Mr. Justice Brewer is quoted to the purport that court de ,;.inn. when once completed are pub- lie nronertv and that criticism ot tnem tends to keep the courts sound. Jus- HnitnM Is also auoted as being of the same opinion, and a long array of cases is set down to prove mm. ; courts have almost unuormiy re trained from punishing people who ventured to comment upon tneir ue- clsions. - ... So Mr Hart could not be dlscipnneo. for criticising the action. of the court in his three unfortunate suits, and, if . rnt ent the letter to the cmei Justice, he would have come off with a whole skin. But he did sena it, anu for that he was disbarred because hiS act was "disrespect to a juaiciai m- cer," and consequently a violation oi v.. 'n.f,iiniii oath. If every law yer -who violates his professional oath were to be disbarred, wnunor snuuiu we turn for legal counsel? Mr. Hart probably deserved his punishment. Sending the letter to tne uniei ju" looks like a piece of spitework which could effect no good purpose, nn" amazes one In a free country, is that he could be tried, convicted and pun- tnv this offense by a tribunal consisting of Judges alone, with" no Jury; a tribunal whose natural . class feeling was strongly ennstea against him. His disbarment amounts, oi course, to s. fine, since he loses his m .nm for sir months, and the singular point In the case, we reiterate, Is th fact that such fines can db unpuacu for acts not committed in the presence of the court, or even while a case is pending, without a Jury trial. The Arena, commenting upon Mr. Hart's i!,mmii internrots it as an instance of Judicial usurpation, but the Arena Is possibly biased. Still, wnai is wie ..o.nn ohv iiifisres seek so persistently both to escape criticism and to elude Juries? Do they distrust themselves or the public? LIVING ON A IJTTLK. Cook books are not by any means the worst reading in the world. No body can say that they are Immoral or .hot thev nronnnrate heresies in eimer religion or politics. They excite no con troversies; they leave no neartouni ings behind when they are put back on the shelf. If they do not inculcate the passion of brotherly love, neither do they teach us to rob and murder. Tnrieeri1 it seems to be a common ex perience that the perusal of a well- concocted cook DOOK produces a tci tain serenity of mind not otherwise easily attainable. A certain physician has recommended them as a sovereign cure for insomnia. One of the fascin ating ladies in "The Benefactress read no other literature, ana n ner character be looked up in that highly moral book. It will be found that she was a person of steady habits and un imruuhahin ohastlty. Can as much be said for everybody who reads poems and novels? "Living on a Little" is not exactly a cook book, though It has a good deal to say about the preparation of eupeptic diet. In one particular, at least, its pages remind us of Dickens. They contain descriptions of innumer able repasts which the reader devours in his greedy imagination without the slightest apprehension of dyspepsia afterward. This pleasure of eating imaginary repasts, by the way, is one in which the laboring man may revel day and night If he desires, and, since it is vastly more wholesome than ac tually to devour luxurious dishes, why should he complain of his lot? The swollen plutocrat Is doomed to swallow the gross material pate de foie gras and -oceans of champagne to wash It down, with the certain recompense ahead of a ruined stomach. The labor i n.H nnlv eat and drink In dreams and he keeps his stomach whole, up to the very margin of the i.mh- onrl vet he bewails his lot. Un grateful humanity; how itle It knows when it is truly oiest. The real purpose of "Living on rat tle" is to show the recipient of an ex iguous salary how ne may spreu sumptous board all the year round i .,m nut a hebdomadal mite in the savings bank. The indispensable prerequisite seems to be a wife who miracles. The marvelous helpmate of the hero of this book could create an apparition um. h.mhnrr Rteak." for instance, which nobody could tell, either by taste or outward semblance, from a porter hnea nn one famous occasion she had perfected a delusion of this sort rr herself and her husband, having 4., of rtrerlaelv enOUKh Of it for the tWO ,ifh nnn too little and nothing to spare. .t -- she was about to put the visionary . - i v,o anlrler. enter her spare. At the fatetui moment wncu rrhnir in the spider, enter her husband with two old college chums, whom he had clandestinely invited to dinner. "Was there a panic In that kitchen? Did the harassed wife flop t. kv.rii-a? Ttv no means. What ...I- nt women did was to flat WlODfc V . . the ateak so that it looked twice as big. as before. Tou can't fllatten out a real porterhouse, but ..An nn evnand an imaginary one to fill any area you desire, and there is where the imitation nas an unueumu.o ,o, over the orenulne. i ne i advantage guests had not the dimmest intimation the deceptive feast as they devoured the deceptive feast that they were being aouDiy lmjjuecu upon, first, as to quality and, second, as to quantity. Was there ever such , .i,1mrh nf cookery recorded before? T-ueullus' nightingales' tongues pale hir o-lorv. Dumas' cabbage soup osma hut a feeble stunt. Thli won rlerful woman had other arts no less helpful to the family treas ury. She was in the habit of allow in. her husband one egg for his break' fast. Summer and Winter, the year . . ' . . , V. & iino-rateflll rOu n u i uui bviucvuuc, --o ..inr was not satisfied with one, and asked for another. Did he get it? Te who would ask such a question know but little of the resources of womankind. He did not get It, but his wily spouse made him think he did, which was Just as satisraciory to hie ennetlte and saved expense. The nil i' - - next morning' instead of frying his i ntt 4iw..o as hitherto, aha. scrambled it and erverl Ita dismembered remains on two slices of toast, thus creating the visual image of two eggs, and the man was content. The truth seems to "be that this most ingenious wife fed her husband on illusions, and put the pro ceeds thereof In the savings bank. We cannot, for our lives', see why other women should not do the same thing. Why should anybody remain poor when It is so easy to become rich by dining on flattened-out imitation por terhouse steak? It is a delight to see that the author of this epoch-making book has a good word to say for the despised Atkinson oven. This Is the invention by which the late Edward Atkinson, of Boston, gained the de risory addition of "Shinbone Atkin son." He invented, it to make the workingmen's" wages go farther. By using it they could cook without much fuel and could transform shinbones and scrags into viands more delicious than terrapin. They rewarded their benefactor with the customary re- vilements. "Why. should we try to save, we wage slaves?" they railed, "when the only result of It would be that our masters would cut down our wares? - Since they will only pay us enough-to keep us from starving, any way,' go to, let us continue to pine away on rib roasts." So they would not abide the Aladdin oven, though there is literally millions in it for the poor If they would but use it..' How much makes a "little is a. mutter of oDiniorr; There is a story in the papers of an-Englishman who was left S480.000 a year ana rouna it not enouerh to keep him out of debt. Many laboring men would think S1000 a year unlimited riches. So that liv ing on a little is pretty indefinite in well as means. Our author has undoubtedly achieved an economic irinmnh. hut not so great a one as Thackeray. He showed how to live on "Nothlnir a Tear" and enioy an tne luxuries of polite society. The diligent reader is invited to compare the little book we are remarking upon witn tne wonderful chapter in Vanity Fair and decide which is the more helpful to the indigent masses. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION. The leading article in the Atlantic Monthly for September is good read ing. It is one of those essays which make us think better of the human race. The author. John Martin, is a New Tork publicist, not especially fa miliar to the general reader, Dut wen known among economists. . His theme Is "Social Reconstruction. in Mr. Martin's opinion there has been a great change In the views of our lead ing thinkers and public men upon so cial questions wj?in the last twenty five years. The old. doctrine that things would come out all right if they were diligently let alone has been pret i well riisr-srrlerl. he believes, and everybody seems to have united either consciously or unconsciously in an ef fort for betterment. He reminds us hntv nonnlar the social Dhilosophy of Herbert Spencer was In the early days of the United States, and sets us won- rlerlns- whv it was that this most an archistic of thinkers should have har monized so well with our American predilections. - - When we first began to read Her bert Spencer in this country we were pioneers. Every man was. and had to h n law unto himself. On the fron tiers there was no organization except vigilance committees. Even in the heart of the land, organization was loose There was a call for individual. Isolated activity everywhere and so ciety was tolerant of the Individual's singularities. Of course this was anarchism more or less thoroughgoing in practice, and Herbert bpencer s theories were in complete accord with its spirit. While the population was sparse and the struggle for existence comparatively mild, the arcadian thoorv of the state worked very well upon the whole, but now that we feel the pressure of mutually encroaching wants more severely. Mr. Martin thinks that men of light and leading are working together for a reconstruc tion of our national life which shall eliminate waste and friction. He perceives the signs of this recon struction on all sides. The National r"ivlr 'Federation, which was organized by Mark Hanna, began with the .com paratively limited ambition to settle disputes between capital and labor nuinuhiv Tts work has extended un til It has today a welfare department which takes in the whole neia or tne relations between the employer and his men, an immigration department and a municipal ownership commis sion through which the Federation is main no- investigations in . all these fruitful fields looking ultimately to corrective and constructive legislation. The old maxim that the best govern ment is the one that governs least, has been rejected by the Federation in rvnr of the new truth that the best "government is the one that governs best. What a government snau or shall not do is no longer determined by a priori theories, but by a consid eration of the best interests of all noman Th Civic Federation is typical of many other societies whose members are eminent for wealth. learning and public spirit. There Is the Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis, the Public Heaitn De fense League and the like, all working on the principle that the condition or man in the world can ana ougm to De Imrtrnverl Mr. Martin cites numerous examples of forward steps which have actually been taken, a large proportion of them under the urgent impulses oi air. Rooaevelfa Dreaching. In fact, he puts the President forward as the most efficient power working for social re- Ain.tniHnii which We nave in tne .onntrv. Arbitration In strikes, con servatinn of the nubile coal lands and forests, the Federal eight-hour and child labor laws, the inheritance and income taxes for the purpose of curb ing swollen fortunes, are mentioned among the things the President has either advocated or accomplished. The regulation of railroad freight rates. Government construction of irrigation works, the recent New York child la bor law, seem to Mr. Martin to indi cate the Government is steadily ex tending its efforts in all directions and everywhere working to make the world a better place to live In. Where will the process stop? He thinks it will never stop. Free information to farmers through, experiment station bulletins must lead logically to free in formation to workingmen in factories upon matters of technical interest to them. The little that has been done to preserve the National health through pure food laws will naturally conduct us to public physicians and nurses ia the schools, free public hos pitals for the sick, and so on endlessly. What principle underlies all thl er fort for reconstruction and better ment? Our author believes thut it Is the struggle to spply rational Intelli gence to the Institutions of society. He thinks Americans are trying to or ganize the whole soclrty as thoroughly arid efficiently as they have organized business. The movement Is not relig ious. He does not see any effort to buy an entrance to Heaven in Mr. Rockefeller's donations to education, for example. Nor are the efforts local. On the contrary, they are National, or even world-wide, and are optimistic. They are baaed on the belief that human, nature can be Improved by making Its environment better. In short, Mr. Martin Is of the, opinion that the leaders of thought and ac tion in America are engaged in a united effort "to produce a higher civ ilization" and believes tkat they will succeed. The scheme of the universe seems to have developed higher and higher types of life, and there is no reason to think that the process has reached Its climax or will reach It for centuries to come. SOLOMON'S WIVES. There seems to be, some reason to fear that The Jewish' Tribune, an es pecially esteemed contemporary, has not entirely mastered the distinction between morality and legality. This lacuna in our pious contemporary's knowledge Is the more to be wondered at when one remembers that John Bunyan' pointed it out long" ago in his "Pilgrim's Progress," a work of edi fication which we cannot suppose the Tribune has neglected to Tead. The particular eplstemologlcal errancy of the Tribune's to which we refer may toe found in an editorial utterance of September1 11. Objection is taken to The ; Oregonian's views as to why David was not permitted to build the Temple, the Tribune adhering to the party of the International Lessons, which must be a great comfort to the party. But it Is chiefly our animad version upon David's ten concubines, and more especially Solomon's thou sand, which disturbs the Tribune. In its opinion these multiplied matri monial delights were not Immoral when they were experienced. "We do not mean to say that polygamy is mor al, but the fact of the matter Is that morality itself is changeable." Thus speaks the Tribune. What It means is that men s views of morality are changeable. Other wise our contemporary would be found in the ranks of the abhorred prag matists, who hold that all truth. In cluding not only morality, but religion itself, is changeable. Men's aggre gated opinions upon Nature at any moment are summed up In the word "science," and as these views change science changes with them, but Na ture does not correspondingly alter. Likewise the prevalent opinions which are held at any time upon right and wrong conduct are summed up in the word "legality," either ecclesiastical or civil, and legality is as mutable as the opinions from which it grows. But morality is a very different thing. Briefly, the word sums up that course of 'conduct which is, upon the whole, best adapted to the universe we live 'in, and it is no more mutable than the laws of the universe are. Our knowl edge of those laws develops from age to age, and legality advances accord ingly, but morality, being In reality a department of Nature, undergoes no such development. . . What is immoral now was, there fore, immoral two thousand years ago, though people then living did not know it any more than they knew the world wal round. And just as It was scientific at that time to say that the earth was fiat, so it was legal to have a thousand wives; but just as it was not true to say that the earth was flat any more than it is true now, so also it was not moral to have a tnousana wives, or even ten. TtEDCCUTG THE TARIFF. The New York Evening Post hopes that nobody will be begullea into vot ino- for Mr. Taft because he has prom ised to call an extra session of Con gress to revise the tariff. It declares that whenever the tariff comes up Congress will be so beset by the pro tected interests that no reductions will be possible, while many duties are likely to be raised and th.e robbery made worse than ever. The only ra ha.iI xnnninslon from this is that the tariff can never be lowered by either party and the best thing to do with It is to let it alone. Are the proteciea interests anv less likely to hover srminn a Democratic Congress than one that is Republican? In the edi torial we are speaking of the Post de- r-rihes how the tarlir-Dioaiea piuio crats perverted the . Wilson bill and made it a high-tariff measure, to the disgust of Cleveland, who would not to.,, tt what would hinder them from repeating the performance if we .had another Democratic congress i Puinii who exnect to get some little relief from tariff extortion by putting the Democrats in office are aoomea to dismal disappointment. Mr. Bryan is probably sincere enough in his prom ises of reform, but he would And htm. self powerless to fulfill them. His iirtor.nariv men are so soaked in hypocrisy and the essence of broken promises that they would betray him by force of habit even If they had no other inducement. The voter who hopes for the betterment of condi tions from the Democratic party ohnnirl nav more attention to the plain facts of current history. Mr. Bryan's nortv Is eone to seed. It has lost the virility of manhood. Even if It wished, to accomplish reforms, it lacks the en orixv Tt wanders ud and down the ind Hire a deereDlt old rake who nrnm ises to be virtuous because he has lost the capacity to be vicious any longer. Its pledge to revise tne tarin; Is precisely like its pledge to improve he rnnditlnn of labor. Both are made to fool the simple and both will be forgotten as soon as they nave servea hir nnriuiw. If thev ever do. It is possible, that the Republicans would not lower tne tarin, dui tt ia that the Democrats would not. Th. mines of thB Oro Flno dis trict of Idaho, the objective point of rrat rush of gold seekers in ism are. after years of inactivity, again toeing vigorously worked. The placer mines were practically exhausted In a few years and the towns of Florence, rw irinn and Elk City were depopu lated after the manner of mushroom mining towns when their source of supply ceases. The quartz mines are however, of relatively recent develop ment. Capital has gone in and is turn tne them to rich account. Some of the larffa fortunes of this city had their base In the placer mines or tne uro Flno district or rather in tne excite ment created by the discovery of gold In these nlaeerg In the Spring of 1861. Transportation business on the Upper Columbia opened with a boom that vear and In carrying miners and their supplies to the head of navigation the stockholders of the old O. 8. N. CO. reaped a golden harvest. That was nearlv half a century ago. In the early stress of the Civil War, and the ac count of the revival of mining inter ests In that resrlon recalls an inter esting chapter In the early commercial and industrial history of the state. The rank and filo of the eager army of gold hunters returned from Oro Flno in the Fall of that historic year dis appointed. But the men who en-s-as-ed In the task of transporting gofd hurtters and their equipment and sup- piles to The JJalles ana Deyona as iar -. MA,,tn1,.m .vUnliiil at that BS BLVSIU lia v itiivn i.Aivn A. -- time, laid the foundations upon which the superstructure of many large for tunes was bullded, some of which still endure. If the sons of pioneers had defended their orchards against codlln moths and anthracnose as well as their sires defended them against "savage foes. those sons would not now be assailing high heaven with shrieks of wrath against Mr. Lownsdale. See Mr. Rich ardson's letter, printed today. The question of destroying diseased fruit trees is exactly the same as tnat oi killing tuberculous cows or glandered horses. We suppose many a cow which has been slain for tuberculosis was dearly beloved by some poor widow, and here and there a glandered horse may have been entwined by the heart strings of a whole family; but for all that its death was necessary to the public good and It had to die. The mossback farmers talk a great deal about their love for their old or chards. If 'they are so very fond of the trees, one would suppose they would take care of them. If the trees were sprayed properly, they would not be in the least danger from Mr. Lownsdale's ax. The love of these farmers for their orchards Is about on a par with that of a son who thinks everything of his sick father, but is too stingy to send for the doctor. Schools will open throughout this district, and in some of the rural dis tricts of Multnomah County, tomor row morning. Teachers have gathered from the corners of the earth, re freshed by a vacation of nearly three months, and ready to take up the work assigned for the year by the City Superintendent and his associates. The rally of pupils promises to be large for the opening, though the lists will iiot be full until hop-picking and fruit-gathering are over. The build ings will be crowded as usual though the School Board has made earnest effort to furnish sufficient accom modations for all. The increase of attendance upon the" public schools Is an index of the growth of the city in the home side of its development and is the surest Indication of sub stantial prosperity. Hence, overflow ing schoolhouses are regarded with satisfaction, albeit the taxpayer looks somewhat apprehensive' toward the next levy for the maintenance and betterment of the public schools. Three men of Portland, Indignantly denvlnsr that Gompers is trying to deliver the union labor vote of the r-onntrv to Brvan. have themselves undertaken to deliver the union labor vnta of Oreeon to him. The names signed to this manifesto are C. M. Ttvnerson. W. H. Fitzgerald ana J D. M. Crockwell. Just watch and watt and see what numbers of union labor voters of Oregon they will not deliver to Bryan. A manifesto like this Is a piece of impudence; and it violates, moreover, a runaamentai nrinr-lnln of unionism. But what pen oiiv if a member of a labor union doesn't obey the order and vote for Bryan? Is he to be expelled from the union? They say now that defeated candi dates for Senator in the primaries, In h stato of Washlneton "will not be bound" by the primary vote. Cer tainly not. There is nothing in pri maries of this sort to bind anybody. Party allegiance is cast to the winds, by the very process. Men voting In these primaries never expect to vote for the nominees; for the primary is a confusion of parties, participated in by men whose great object is de fiance of parties and embarrassment of opponents. Our Oregon primary bound nobody, nor does the pre tended "election" of Senator that fol lowed it. The Legislature is still to elect the Senator, in Oregon as well as in Washington The union labor politicians not union labor tried to defeat Repre sentative Jones for Senator over In Washington. They were aided by the liquor interest. The returns ought to make interesting reading for those labor politicians who are trying to throw Oregon to Bryan. Mr. Bryan wants Mr. Kern to live in the White House with him. But what about Mr. Gompers? Can't he be accommodated In the attic or some where? Bryan, Kern and Gompers would make a lovely ' White House trio. . The Interstate Commerce Commis sion will have no difficulty in collect ing testimony to establish the fact that rates of the Pullman company are higher than the public want to pay. Debs, with his "Red" special. Is on his way to Portland, and we are to see "The Devil" the play at one of our local theaters. Hot time certainly assured for the old town. Bryan calls Taft "the father of in junction." Of course it is not true; yet Injunction is one of the legitimate methods of government, and has been for centuries. Mr. Bryan continues on his Eastern Journey. We hear no pleasantries this year about the "enemy's country." The East never could understand a joke. If they are barred from talking politics, Taft and Bryan won't be so much of an attraction on the same rostrum at Chicago. - One of the magazines has an article on the "Scarcity of Skunks." It Is nonpolitical and entirely impersonal. WANT LOWNSDALE OUSTED. Farmer Say Old Orchards Should Be Allowed to Remain. MTHINNVTLLE. Or.. Sept. 13. (To the Editor.) The moat interesting question now being discussed by the people of Yamhill County is the resistance being made by the farmers to the autocratic sway of the County Fruit Inspector. A petition with 960 signatures was presented to the County Court last week asking that Mr. Lownsdale, the present Fruit Inspector, be removed from office. Not withstanding that Mr. Reid, the State Fruit Inspector, has announced that he will not remove Mr. Lownsdale, and The Oregonlan, In an editorial, held out the Inference that the farmers of Yamhill had no rights which fruit men were bound to respect, still the "horny hands" of Old Yamhill feel Justified in the course they are pursuing. They are not aware of the fact, if fact It Is, that the rights of a citizen guaranteed by the supreme law of the land have ever been repealed. The course that Mr. Lownsdale has been pur suing has aroused every man that has an apple tree on his plantation to take some action in defense of such property. That action is being taken in strict ac cordance with the guaranteed rights of citizens, "That the right of the people to petition for a redress of grievance shall not be infringed." Mr. Lownsdale claims that the law Jus tifies him In condemning and destroying orchards. The farmers claim that he has no legal right to destroy their property, that the supreme law of the land plainly says: "That no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law," and our Yamhill farmers hold that when a fruit inspector exercises autocratic power by making himself Judge, Jury and executioner in inspecting, condemning and destroying orchards it is "not done by due process of law under the rights guaranteed to citizens by the su preme law of the land. The right of a citizen to show cause before a court of competent Jurisdiction why the orders of the Fruit Inspector should not be exe cuted should be respected. But the ad ministration of the office under Mr. Lownsdale is carried on under the prin cipal of master and slave. The citizen is held to have no rights which he Is bound to respect. The County Court appointed Mr. Lowns dale, and the people here are curious to know what Mr. Reid has to do with his retention or removal.. The appointing power surely has Jurisdiction over the tenure of his office, and to that power the people have petitioned to have him removed. Whether the court obeys or disobeys the petition is a matter of little consequence. The County Court Is a creature of the people's will and they can be legally set aside by the same au thority that created them, and it 1b quite likely that the law giving the people the right to recall a public servant will be in voked if the court refuses to remove an appointee who has proved so distasteful to the community as has Mr. Lownsdale. From an editorial that appeared in The Oregonlan a short time ago one would be led to believe that there was but one side to this question, and that was the side of Mr. Lownsdale, but a tramp throufth Yamhill County would show that there is another side to it, and a side, too, founded in justice. The orchards in "Old Yamhill" that are now In Jeopardy and liable to be cut down and destroyed by Mr. Lownsdale were planted and defended against our savage foes by the pioneers, men and women who endured the hardships and dangers of opening up a wilderness to civilisation. These old orchards are dear to the peo ple. Around them clusters the history of the trials and triumphs of early days. No upstart need think he can cut them down and destroy them without meeting with determined and . resolute opposition. These orchards may be Infested with dis ease, but disease has been and can be cured. Why cut them down and destroy them? People are subject to all man ner of diseases, but how quick they would resent a law to put them to death. In like manner they will resent the destroy ing of their orchards on the plea that they, are diseased. The people of Yamhill County who have orchards on their farms do not believe that this war that Is being made upon the old orchards is wholly In the Interest of destroying the fruit pest, but to place the fruit Interests In the hands of mo nopoly. Every orchard that can be de stroyed on the farm removes an obstacle In the way of the frult-ralser. If every farm orchard can be put out of existence the fruit industry will pass into the hands of a few and monopoly in fruit will reign supreme in the state. The farmers oi Yamhill have not forgotten that a cer tain person who Is deeply Interested in the fruit Industry, only a short time ago was advocating a change in our immi gration laws, opening the way to the Importation of slave labor from China and Japan to work In Oregon orchards. When they resist having their orchards de stroyed they feel that they are defending their state from being overrun by hordes of Asiatic coolies; The arbitrary manner In which Mr. Lownsdale has undertaken to enforce a tyrannical and unjust law a law In direct conflict with the principles of American citizenship will no doubt in the long run bear good fruit. It will have a ten dency to awaken the sleepy lethargy of the rural community which has so long been dumb to the ever encroaching dangeos to its liberties. The cutting down of a few orchards this Summer has raked the moss from the backs of most of the farmers, and as the moss comes off the scales fall from their eyes. And we can look forward now to see In a few years a race of stalwart rustic Americans as alert and ready to defend the rights of American citizenship against the slip shod tyrants of aristocracy as thsV patriots of old did under the leadership of Washington and Jackson. MILT RICHARDSON. TAFT AVO BRYAN". An Essay Towards Pltitnrch's Example of "Parallel Lives." New Ycrk Sun. Mr. Taft is a commonplace speaker, with no spark of the kindling and communicative imagination and ardor of the orator. Mr. Bryan has all the advantage In temperament, in exper ience, in knowledge of "the psychology of crowds," in plausible and dextrous presentation and invention. A vet eran sophist and fallacy maker, a trained hunter of applause, a skilful suggester of falsities, no friend to Inconvenient truth. Mr. Bryan plays flawlessly on the prejudice, the passion and the ignorance of crowds. Mr. Taft is effective in other ways. Something large, generous. sincere, truthful, honest, able. Is conveyed by his personality, his manner. The crowd likes him. It respects him. It believes he knows what he is talking about and that he believes It. Without any gift of beauty or saliency of expres sion, he has the great art of having no art. of impressing his hearers with his candor, his knowledge of the sub ject. He persuades without humbug. He convinces by fair arguments. Fi nally, he lrradlcates friendliness and ha absorbs it back from the audience. Without oratory he does the task of the orator. . He carries the audience with htm, and this Is no momentary triumph. He is established in Its mem ory as a man of lofty character, singu lar Intellectual distinction and personal charm. So the real advantage In this war ot the stump is likely to be with Mr, Taft, not Mr. Bryan. .j
