The Sunday Oregonian., August 16, 1908, Magazine Section, Image 51

THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, AUGUST 16, 1908.
An honejt tale, speeds
BEST BEING PLAINLY TODD.
- - jv -
1 - ? V-- ' " v f
jli:iigB"MfiiaBMlf'i'""iri''i'r,i iirrr-' """n f.j
ftellxtou mad Medicine. By Blwood Worr4
er D D . Ph. D.: gsmusl McComb,
M A.. P. D., nd Tirador H. Cortol. M. D.
Price. 1.60. Moffat. Turd A Co.. Nw
Tork City.
I believe that the secret of health la
paoe. that a willfuHyperverted, un
healthy life I ln. and that iln could be
washed from u if in the privacr of our
own aoula w should have faith to be
lieve that- the goodness of God exlats
within us. hi place of that in. No brass
hands, playing with trumpet and drum.
No loud protestation in the public mar
ket place. No holier-than-thou feeling.
But Just moral control In us. directed by
the Creator. I don't care what you call
this it might as weil be the Emanuel
Church movement of Boston. Mass., as
anv other.
"Religion and Medicine" tells of the
Emanuel Church movement referred to.
and Is surely one of the great, good
books of the world. It is really an ad
junct to the. Bible, and I wish that a
well-thumbed copy of it were In every
household and that every person In that
ho'joehold believed in what the book
teaches. Then, indeed, happiness would
be as infectious as disease.
For the benefit of people who have not
already read of what this Emanuel
Church movement is. I had better ex
plain that about three yeara ago the
church authorities began a class for the
treatment of tuberculosis, and such suc
cess attended these efforts that a class
was next formed to take care of the
nervously and morally diseased. The key
was mind control, without drugs or medi
cine as we know them. The system has
literally made sick people well, and the
glad word has gone over the world.
The book, however, carefully teaches
that if nerve centers through recog
nized disease or lesion are Incapable of
responding to moral treatment, no good
results will follow. And It is useless "to
address suggestions to a brain withered
by paresis, or to command a hand shaken
by paralysis to stand still. A patient who
Is suffering from valvular disease of the
heart, would not be benefited, nor would
a patient whose toothache Is caused by
the pressure of an abscess. The same
remark applies to those suffering from
idiocy, paresis, etc. because those dis
eases rest upon organic defeneration.
They can never be successfully treated
by suggestion. Eyeglasses for imperfect
vision. A broken bone can't be healed
by prajrer it requires the services of a
surgeon. But, get the power of mind
over the body. Believe often In medicine,
always in good habits, and a wholesome,
well-regulated life."
Dr. Worcester and his assistants ad
mit that In the cure of functional nerv
ous disorders. Christian Science has dem
onstrated Its power. "Christian Science
does unquestionably bestow certain
great benefits on believers; it makes men
happy. It improves tempers, it frequently
teana men from evil habits. It can re
duce or remove pain, it cures certain
types of disease, and it gives courage to
endure those which it cannot heal. It
concerns itself with the. present and its
effects are direct, practical. Immediate.
Therein Ilea its great superiority to
preaching that la vague and impractical
and that deals largely with a distant
future. "We have heard many Intelligent
and cultured persons discuss Christian
Science. . They begin by abusing It. but
they end by admitting there is something
In it. something It is evident which they
do not understand."
In explaining his method of sugges
tions! or mental cure of disease. Dr.
Worcester writes:
I place the patient In a comfortable re
clining chair. Instruct him how to relax his
arms, his les. his neck, head and body, so
that there shall be no nervous tension or
muscular effort. Then, standing behind him,
I gently stroke his forehead and temples,
whim has a soothing and distracting effect.
Without attempting to Induce sleep. I In
form him that his body is resting and that
his mind too will rest; that he will not
let his thought run on unchecked, but that
It will lasily follow my words, and that
when I make a useful suggestion to him
he will repeat It to himself. I then tell
him that all nervousness Is passing from
him. that everything Is stttl within him.
that his heart Is beating quietly and regu-
larly. and that he Is breathing gently and
lowly. I suggest to htm that ha Is enter
ing Into peace, that his mind Is abstracted
and his thoughts are becoming vague and
Indistinct. As socn as I see that these
suggestions are effective I pass to the cura
tive suggestions.
If the patient Is suffering pain Z assure
him that the pain la dlmlnlahtng and that
In a little while It will ho gone. If I am
treating a patient for Insomnia I tell him
that he will sleep soundly tonight, that ha
will feel drowsy and fall asleep soon after
he goes to bed. and that If he awakens at
ail in the airht he will make a few sug
gestions to himself and Immediately fall
asleep again. In short, I make the sugges
tions as positively and simply as possible,
and under these conditions f usually find
it inadvisable to repeat them more than
once. During this 'treatment, which usually
Issts from 15 minutes to an hour, accord
ing to the difficulties I encounter, a small
proportion of patients will fall asleep and
take a short nsp. as some persons are so
constituted that they will sleep anywhere
If they arw allowed to rest quletiy. I have
never observed, however, that such sleep
had any particular slgniflcsnc.
Here are two typical cases quoted by
Dr. Worcester:
A woman came to ms about six months
ac and told me thst aha had suffered
agonising pain In her head for four or nve
"SHAKESPEARE
T.I
days In the week for a period of M' yeara
Her sufferings were so great that when her
daughter sickened and died she was unable
to care for her or even to attend the funeral.
I believed her affliction to be a kind of
reverberation of an old pain, the perpetua
tion In memory and imagination of a for
mer condition. She was suffering acutely
at the time, and having seated her In a
comfortable position and having made her
very quiet. I placed my hands on her head
and assured her earnestly that the pain
was diminishing: that It was. In fact, dis
appearing, and that In 10 minutes it would
be gone, and that it would not return. The
suggestion succeeded, the pain punctually
ceased, and the patient has Informed me
from time to time that It has not returned.
A man who was not able to visit the
church wrote me from a distance that he
and his wife were slavea of alcohol, and
begged my assistance. I wrote him that
he could break off the bablt; that he could
be helped In his struggle against drink, and
that his first duty when restored was to
help hla wife to overcome her temptation.
After six weeks I was gratified to receive
a letter from my correspondent stating that
since ho had heard from me neither he nor
his wife had drunk at all, and that, greatly
to their astonishment, they found that tliey
did not desire to drink. I could give other
striking examples of immediate recovery,
but I admit they are exceptional and un
usual. ,
The church, whatever be Its name or
denomination, has a real mission to make
sick people well, and has healing power
bequeathed by its great founder. But in
our day, the church has largely ceased to
be a living church. Its buildings are
open for the people on , Sundays, and
closed during the remainder of the week.
It rather exists for theological discus
sion, and points to a life In the dim fu
ture where we may live In a city of gold.
Church people also busy themselves rais
ing money to supply breech-clouts for the
thankless heathen, and squabble over the
meaning of texts.
What. Instead, of the living present?
What of our every-day life in the year
190
Our life is getting more complex. It is
harder now to earn a living than It used
to be. and a growth of nervous disease
Is filling our sanltoria and insane asy
lums. But there's a ray of hope In the
sky.' The church and religion will begin
to live, and their medicine will be faith
and mind-control. The new movement
will come from the laity, from the pew.
And I hope that the Presbyterian and
Methodist Churches, two of the great
churches of the plain people, will awake
to thtlr real mission, now.
Grin If you will. It's coming!
The Land of the living. By Maude Rad
ford Warren. Price. SI. 50. Harper A
Brothers. New Tork City.
Whoever Harriet Crandall is, she is a
lucky woman, for there -Just has been
dedicated to her a big, pulsing novel of
American ward politics as seen in Chi
cago, lighted up by Irish wit and senti
ment. "The Land of the Living" Is one
of the big successes of the year, and must
be reckoned with in the ranks of the
best sellers.
The hero, Hugh McDermott, was surely
born in a wrong age. He would have been
an Immense success as a lighter after the
pattern of Sir Galahad or Knight of
Ivan hoe. MacDermott seems to have been
a little out of place among the practical
people with whom he lived and too often
since the time he fell In love with Molra
Carew he is spoken of as going about
with the "weary" face emd speaking in
his "tired" voice all because the said
Molra persisted; in loving Henry Furlong,
a perpetual candidate for political office
and latterly deeply dyed In graft. Mac
Dermott had "eyes that made the face
attractive. They could darken to keen
brown when he was thinking, or lighten
to gray when he was dreaming; the eyes
of the Celt, mystic with the visions of
ages of poets, soft with the lure of ages
of lovers, and fiery with the memories of
warriors; eyes that could grow deep with
the heritage of countless, haunting sor
rows, or exalted with brief, poignant
Joys: the eyes of the race that gave the
world romance."
MacDermott was bom In Ireland' and
was brought by hla father to Chicago,
where soon after his arrival his father
was killed In a glucose factory. Biddy
Flanagan adopted the orphan boy, and
the Flanagans and the ward boys lit
erally "licked" Hugh Into shape. He
became a newsboy and one of the fighters
In the "war-r-d." He grew up with Irish
brogue all around him. and one of his
really lucky moments came when he at
tracted the attention of Big John Calla
han the political boss of the ward, and
otherwise) known to fame as a lover of
raisins. The first time Hugh met Calla
han. Biddy Flanagan had thrown the boy
Into the street.
Name?" asked Callahan.
"Hugh MacDermott."
"A good name." replied Callahan, who
was patriotic. "Ah. the days of ould,"
he glowered, darkly, "and now a Mac
Dermott is thrown In the street."
"Maybe a Flanagan threw down a Mac
Dermott In the old days." suggested;
Hugh, "but I bet not." be added, clinch
ing hla flats, "unless the Flanagan was a
''"Well. It s hard lines." said Callahan,
vaguely. "I know from Flanagan that
Biddy Flanagan's fist ain't light."
In such queer manner began hero
worship between the man and tha boy
thst Issts throughout the book.
Callahan adopts tha boy, sends him to
fcjchool. and to law school. At this stage,
Hugh was a dreamer and is much sur
prised to hear State Senator Furlong, of
Illinois, refer in a lecture to the stu
dents of the corruption in politics, citing
Callahan's ward as an Illustration of
"corruption which deserves scathing de
nunciation." The scales seem to drop
from the boy's eyes, but his faith in
his hero Callahan as a man remained un
shaken. Events take a decisive turn when Calla
han, for the benefit of his health, takes
Hugh with him to the place of his na
tivity, the village of Kilmanan. County
Wexford, Ireland. Hero Hugh sees for
the first time his "dream lady." Miss
Molra Carew. daughter of an Irish aris
tocrat, who had had more pride of birth
than dollars. Of course the boy poet
loves Molra. at first sight.
The scene rapidly shifts to Chicago, and
in the years that intervene Hugh be
comes a lawyer and a, partner in the law
firm in which Senator Furlong is the
shining light. One of Hugh's Intimate
friends was Miss Mayme Broomer, a
stenographer, an Irish girl who was "a
healthy, likable person, whose animal
spirits seemed to infuse a little of them
selves into whomsoever might be her
companion. Callahan called her 'elixir
for tired people.' "
Mayme catches Mac Dermott in. one
of his usual tired moods and steers him
to her boarding-house, for the benefit of
his health and stomach, and, curiously
enough, he rinds that one of the newly
arrived boarders Is Miss Molra Carew,
who has come from Castle Kilmanan to
earn her living in Chicago. "The lady
of mv dreams." murmurs Hugh. "Ah,
but you've traveled a long way. inward
in that country of my dreams." Callahan
thinks that Hugh is too good for Moira.
"There's no woman too good for my
bye," says Callahan. "He's the kind,
if he was In Ireland, to break the hearts
of the gurls. and the heads of the men.
and the backs of the horses."
"If that's the case." said Mrs. Har
aghey. Callahan's housekeeper, "thin he's
got buttermilk for blood In him. I won
der at him."
In the 13th chapter Hugh tells his
Moira: "I am thinking how much I love
vou. Tou must forgive me. I never
meant to tell you and I know there is
no hope. I think I want nothing ex
cept just to be allowed to love you and
yet I don't want you to forget me." In
his wooing Hugh pursued a different' pol
icy from the bold Irishman who wooed
the "Widdy" Malone: '
If for widows you sigh.
Learn to kiss, not to cry; .,
For. sure, they're all like the "Widdy"
M alone Ochone!
They're all like the "Widdy" Malone:
Hugh made the mistake of loving his
dream-rady as he would a star, and he
put her as far from him. He becomes a
dejected, hollow-eyed lover and swears
he will never love anybody else. Moira
turns out to be an ambitious girl, lov
ing big men for the success they make
in politics. Little wonder she thinks she
meets her hero in Senator Furlong, and
narrowly escapes marrying him.
But something happens, and how Moira
detects the unworthiness in her Senator
and eventually prefers Mac Dermott
forms the true basis for a really delight
ful, original story. , .
What is "The Land of the Living ?
Our country America.
The Immortality of the Soul, by Sir Oliver
Lodge. 1. Ball Pullshlng Co., Boston.
Mass.
Blr Oliver Lodge is hailed as a scientist,
psychologist, physicist, and as a believer
In the faith of the Naxarcne. And it is
comforting to hear in thia often hopeless,
materialistic age, from such an. accepted
thinker, that we shall live again, some
where; that at the time our poor clay
passes Into dust, but that ultimately our
end will not be meaningless dust.
Wliat of the soul? It Is. says Sir
Oliver, that controlling and guiding prin
ciple which la responsible for our per
sonal expression and for the construction
of the body, under the restrictions of
phvslcal condition and ancestry. "The
burning of coal is a kind of resurrection;
and yet it la a kind of death, too, and
to the superficial eye nothing is left but
the ashes. Life is not matter, nor is It
energy: it is a guiding and directing
principle; and when considered ae incor
porated in a certain organism, it, and
all that appertains to It, may well be
called the soul, or the constructive and
controlling element in that organization."
Strong argument is used for the per
manent element in man and the opinion
is expressed that it Is quite possible and
indeed necessary for the soul to exist
without the present body. So far as
telepathy and clairvoyance are concerned
our author seems to be a cautious be
lieverfor he remarks that "the facta
of telepathy and In a less degree of what
is called clairvoyance, must be regarded
as practically established In the minds
of those who have studied them." It is
suggested that we living men and women
are ignorant of whatever experience our
larger selves may have gone through In
the past, and that the transition called
death may be an awakening rather than
a sleeping. Some specimens of our race.
It Is recalled, have already shown that
genius, almost superhuman. Is possible
to man. and have thereby foreshadowed
the existence of a larger personality for
las all. here on this planet earth.
Various texts from holy writ are quoted
to show a promise to establish the ulti
mate intelligibility of the universe, and
the belief is expressed that as we grope
In the darkness we shall encounter no
clammy horror, but shall receive an as
sistance and sympathy to symbolize as
a clasp from the hand of Christ himself.
Looms of IJfe By Herman Scheffauer.
JLM. Neele Publishing Co., New York
City.
Born in San Francisco. Cel.. Herman
Scheffauer. now In his J2d year. Is al
ready a poet, scholar, traveler and critic.
His verse stands out among contem
porary verse because of Its power, grip
and freshness. It is a rare experience
to read poems like his, which so easily
reach the heart.
In this volume 63 Scheffauer poems are
presented, and they awaken the wish to
know more of the poet and hi work. He
Is surely among the best of Western
verse-makers. Being a Californlan. it is
natural that hla muse now and then
steals to the place of his nativity, and
In this connection I notice: "San Fran
cisco. Desolate." "Vale, California," and
"The California Poppy."
For Are and Poe-llke sweep one Is
commended to the grewsome "Symbol In
the Cave." while for satire read "The
Iron Virgin." It Is noteworthy to recall
that during Scheffauer's - residence In
London hla verse found a place in the
pages of the Spectator. Fortnightly,
Westminster and Macmlllan's.
A Commentary I pon Tennyson's "In Memo
,!,,. By Henry E. Shepherd. LL. D.
Price, tl 25. Neale Publishing Company,
Now Tork City.
A lofty, scholarly conception of a
really great world poem, and it is pleas
ing to record Dr. 8hepherd's estimate
that "among the supreme achievements
of elegiac English poetry. 'In Memorlam'
assumes the first place." In Dr. Shep
herd's opinion, those who precede It In
point of time and form part of the mas
terpieces to which it belongs, are Mil
ton's "Lycidas." 16M: Dryden'a ode, "In
Memorv of Mrs. Killigrew," 1686, and
Shelley's "Adonals," 1821. ,
The little book opens with an appre
ciation of the late Arthur Henry Hallam,
a young man of 22, of rare promise and
a phenomenal range of acquirements,
who had been Tennyson's friend at Trin
ity College. Cambridge. England, and
was betrothed to a slater of the poet. As
Is known to most students of Tennyson,
"In Memorlam" was occasioned by
Hallam's death, an event which occurred
to Vienna In tha year 1833.
J. M. QUENTIN.
IJt LIBRARY AXD WORKSHOP.
For six vears Arthur Klngsley porter has
been laboring sealously on his "Medieval
Architecture, an elaborate study of Oothlo
which has necessitated several Asiatic and
European trips. Ths velum Is now eom
.,.5 ejd wl.l b aubllshed In October, its
text extends to over RnO.000 words, and the
Illustrations, many taken especially for the
work, will reach a total of 300.
Alice ptopford Green Is rcelving high
praise for her recently-published history.
"The Making of Ireland and Its Undoing:
12DO-1800."
Mrs. Edith Wharton, the novelist, has
taken enthusiastically to the culture of
swans at her villa. The House of Mirth.
Lenox, Mass. '
T P. O'Connor, the Irish parliamentary
leader, has made an engagement to deliver
a course of lectures In America during tno
coming season.
.
' Certain admirers of President Roosevelt
suggest that the story of his hunting ad
ventures In the Jungle might give him ths
1810 Nobel literary prlae.
Tolstoy has completed a new novel. "After
the Ball." the fundamental Idea of n-hlch Is
the regeneration of love. The work Is not
lo be published till after the writers death.
A volume of Caruso's clever sketches and
caricatures of well-known people of the mu
sical world has been brought out by "I-a
Follla dl New York." a prominent Italian
meekly paper. ...
Booth Tarkington. speaking the other
night on marriage, remarked: "Before she
marries him. a girl's opinion of a young
man is the same as his mother's; after mar
riage she comes round rather to his father's
view."
1 Mr. and Mrs. John Vance Cheney have
sailed for Europe, where they expect to
spend a vacation of three months. In
October. Thomas B. Mosher expects to bring
out a volume of love songs by Mr. Cheney,
entitled "In tha Time of Hoses."
e
Omar Khayyam, the tent-maker, has
rival. Soon will the Engllsh-eneaklng world
utter panegyrics In praise of "The Diwan of
Abu'l Aia," and the very minor poet will
form olubs for the study of this blind poet
of Syria, who. It is asserted, wss born 40
years before Omar Khayyam. Abu'l Ala has
been called the Heine of the East, and his
translator is Henry Baerlein.
see
Anthony Hope (Hawkins) is prominent on
the list of popular Summer authors, "Sport
Royal" being a good seller this season.
Mr. Hawkins with. Mrs. Hawkins and their
little children pre passing the Summer at
Coldharbour, where they have taken the
C'oldharbour vicarage, near belth Hill. Cold
harbour is becoming a favorite English re
sort for literary and artistic folk.
Mrs. Humphry Ward has sailed for Eng
land from Quebec. Her aversion to publicity
has made an impreselon wherever she bas
ben. Ner novel. "The Testing of Diana
Mallory," is nearing completion In IJar
per's Magazine, and will soon appear in
book form. It Is perhaps Mrs. Ward's most
Involved and most difficult to understand
work. While in Canada she celebrated her
57th birthday.
2.SOO.OOO la something substantial for a
literary prise, yet that Is the sum which.
It is reported, will be offered for competi
tion in Russia In 1925. Count Araktceff,
an intimate friend of Alexander I., left a
large sum to be awarded to the writer of
the fullest and most trustworthy and elo
quent history of that Csar. The money Is to
accumulate till lt25. and the contest for
Its capture In that year Is to be open to
the literary workers of the entire world.
.
Warwick Deeping Is at Battle. Sussex, in
the old Hastings district. Mr. Deeplng's
house. Gate Cottage. Is more than a cen
tury old. It Is email and low. with little old
fashioned windows almost overgrown with
Ivy. It is here that Mr. Deeping wrote the
greater part of his latest novel. "Bertrand
of Brittany." The hero of this book. Bei
trand du Ouesclln, has particularly figured
in Conan Doyle's romance "The White
Company."
The true name of Marjorle Bowon. ths
author of "The Viper of Milan," is stated
to be Oabrielle Vere Campbell, and she Is
a native of Haling IslandX a beautiful spot
on the coast of Southern England. She lives
In London, and In her childhood was do
voted to painting; but since then authorship
has proved the strongest talent. Mark Twain
showed so keen an Interest In her first book
that "The Master of Stair" Is dedicated to
the American humorist.
Meredith Nicholson, author of "The House
of a Thousand Candlea" and "The Port of
Missing Men." was recently offered a posi
tion and salary by a prominent theatrical
manager, his duties to consist solely of
devising alluring titles for plays. Mr.
Nicholson, contrasting the peace and quiet
of the farm on which he Is spending the
Summer with the nervous excitement and
heart-burning that attend the naming of
anything literary or theatrical, respeotfully
declined the Job.
e e -
Four handsomely illustrated travel books
are promised for Fall publication and the
authors responsible for these volumes will
be Maud Howe. the writer of "Roma
Beata." "Two In Italy." etc.: George Whar
ton James, who will be remembered for his
The Colorado Desert," "The Old Mis
sions of California." etc: Henry C. Shelley,
the author of "Literary By-Paths In Old
England." "John Harvard and His Times."
etc,, and Lilian Whiting, whose theme is to
be "Paris the Beautiful."
"Old Chinatown" is the title of a volume
by Will Irwin which his publishers promise
for the pleasure of those who were familiar
with fan Fraivelseo before the fire. The
hook Is to be Illustrated from photographs
bv Arnold Genthe. the pick of camera
pictures representing the harvest of IS
vears' photographing. From the same house
will come In the early Autumn a volume
on "How to Appreciate Prints." by Frank
Welterkampf, curator of the print de
partment of the New York Public Library.
A review of "My Life and My Lecturee."
a 3Al-page book by Lamar Tontalne. C. B.,
Ph.. D.. appeared In The Oregonian of July
SS. The portrait of Mr. Fontaine, which ap
pears on this book page, gives the Idea that
he Is a man of tenacity and indomitable
courage. He fought mostly as a sharp
shooter on the side of the Confederates
through the Civil War. and at the Battle
of Waterloo Bridge in August. 182, Fon
taine Is credited with having shot and
killed 60 Federal soldiers In leas than SO
minutes of time. His Is a cruel record.
Eleanor Glynn, the notorious author of
"Three Weeks." has Juat made her debut
as an actress in London, England, playing
Lady in her much-advertised novel. A de
tailed criticism of Mrs. Glynn's acting has
not yet come to hand, but & cable message
ssys It wss very "amateurish," and that In
the phty there wss "plenty of staging, many
flowers, and much scenery." The per
formance was strictly private. as a public
production was forbidden by the censor
on the ground that the play Is not good
taste. It Is understood that the invited
guests who sat through "Three Weeks"
were afterward served with tea. Mrs.
Glynn Is now arranging for the production
of her play in this country, under the di
rection of James K. Hackett.
Have you ever read that strange poem.
"Each in His Own Tongue," written by
William Herbert' Carnith? The latter heads
the department of Germanic languages and
literature In the University of Kansas, Law
renoa, Kan. He wrote "Each In His Own
Tongue" in the Winter and Spring of 1801
62. The poem has now received a world
wide recognition as one of the few great
short poems written in the last quarter of
a century. A note of interest conceminr
the poem is that It hao been set up and
neatly printed In the State Penitentiary of
Kansas, and a copy Is presented by the
Warden to evwry Inmate of that institution.
The poem was first printed In the New
England Magazine, but not until after It
had been steadily "turned down by some of
the leading magazine editors."
see
"The Evacuation of England" Is a wild
story, the principal thought of which is
that sometime next year the course of the
Japanese current will-chsnge so that there
will be a climatic change along England's
shores, compelling the English to migrate
to Australia- What action the Scotch. Irish
and Welsh take, is not clear. This is a
description of the dress worn by one of the
women in the book: "She wore a whits
llsseree gown In which were inwoven
threads of gray, which Rave It atmosphere,
a kind of ftlmyness quite Indescribable but
very Inviting; above that, a waist of almost
the same color, without the gray threads,
and fitting tightly at the wrists with faintly
voluminous sleeves; a stock of daffodil yel
low encircled by an aqua-marine necklace,
and In her clustering golden-brown cascades
of hair brushed up into a chaste confine
ment between pearl-starred combs, she had'
thrust an amethyst aigrette "
In a "History of Stenography in Antiquity
and the Middle Ages." compiled by two
shorthand reporters of the French senate,
father and son (L. P. Guenln and Eugene
Guenln). In a new duodecimo of less than
450 pages Is given roploue information
about Cicero. Julius and Augustus Caesar.
Afticus, Cato. Maecenas, three Senecas,
Martial'. Juvenal, Ennlus, St. Cyprian, St.
Ambrose. St. Augustine. Euseblus. Apuleius.
ths demotic language of Egypt, St. Basil.
St Jerome, any number of martyrs. Charle
magne, his daughter Emma. Isidore of Sa
vllle. the Conference of Carthage. Greek
stenography, and many other persons and
topics, which must otherwise be sought
through a thousand inquiries In all great
libraries. Stenography must have existed
In Greece and Ervpt. say the historians,
but ths first' stenographer of whom there
Is any real record Is Cicero.
The Pleasures and Perils of Callooning
EVENTS AND EARLY AND LATE HISTORY OF A
PASTIME NOW DEVELOPING INTO A SCIENCE
DATES IN HISTORY OF BALLOONING.
- 1608 First mention of parachute Ides, Slam.
November, 1782 Balloon Inventedby Joseph Michel Montgolfier
Jacques Etlenne Montgolfier, France.
June 5, 1783 First balloon publicly sent up, Annonay France, by the
Montgolfier brothers.
September 12, 1783 A sheep, a chicken and a duck sent up In the basket
of a balloon In Paris, this being the first time any living creature ascended
with an aerostatic machine.
October 15, 1783 M. Pllatre de Roller ascended In first captive balloon,
Paris.
November 21, 1783 First cutaway balloon ascension by Roller and Msr:
quls d Arlandes, Paris.
March 2, 1784 First attempt to steer a balloon, M. Blanchard, Paris.
January 7, 1785 Balloon voyage from Dover across the English Channel.
M. Blanchard and Dr. Jeffries, an American physlelsn temporarily residing In
England.
June 15, 1785 Rozler first aeronaut killed by fall from balloon.
August, 1785 First proper utllliatlon of a paractjute, M. Garnerln, Llslo,
France.
January, 1793 First aerial voyage In America, M. Branchard, Philadel
phia. 1794 France established an aeronautic school near Paris and balloon first
used In war.
1843 Steam flying machine proposed by John H. Pennington, Baltimore.
1852 First dirigible balloon tried by Henry Glffard, France; steam en
gine to work propeller, steering by rudder.
181 First telegraph message sent from balloon by Professor T. 8. C.
Lowe.
September, 1874 Two ascensions In nondlrlglble balloons by Baltimore
newspaper men. All of the aeronauts landed without Injury.
1883 Second attempt at dirigible balloon by Tlssandlel brothers, using
electric engine.
January 30, 1887 First public leap with modern parachute, Thomas Scot
Baldwin, San Francisco, Cal.
September 18. 1898 First gasoline motor airship tried, Santos-Dumont,
Paris.
1 July 12, 1901 First successful airship flight, Santos-Dumont, Paris.
August 2, 1904 First successful American airship flight. Thomas Scott
Baldwin, Oakland, Cal. "
.July, 1908 Ascent of the Messrs. Beachy and of Ernest Gill from Balti
more. They landed at Hagerstown after being In the air over four hours.
TO DATE ballooning; is only a pas
time. It takes rank a a sport.
In the next great war It will be
more than a sport or a pastime. It
will be a mighty serious affair and
may decide the fate ' of nations. In
years to come, when boys now wear
ing knickerbockers are men, balloon
ing may become an Important factor
in the transportation world. Only re
cently a company was incorporated to
transport passengers and freight be
tween New York and Boston by airship.
Indeed, balloon enthusiasts claim
that ballooning costs less lives than
yachting in proportion to the men and
women who Indulge in the two sports.
It Is said to be less dangerous than
football and automobillng.
Most Adventurous Sport.
However safe air navigation may be
said to be, it is certainly the most ad
venturous sport, and to those willing to
take the risks It is the most pleasur
able. Says W. R. C. Latson, in the
Sunday Magazine:
The conditions are eo variable, so
unique, so largely unforeseeable, that
in every ascension some adventure,
even though a slight one, is to be ex
pected. Perhaps it Is only that the
balloon for some minutes, maybe hours,
passes through on opaque, dry fog.
Perhaps if is the wonderful view that
one sometimes meets, of a vast floor
of clouds underneath him, rolling and
tossing like some grotesque foamy sea.
Perhaps it is the sun, which the aero
naut can sometimes see at the end of
the day gradually rioing again in the
west Instead of the east. Perhaps,
lastly, the adventure may be one In
which death or disaster is averted only
by a clear head, a steady hand and grip
upon, the situation and upon oneself.
Aeronauts are in one respect like
poets. They are born, not made. The
aeronaut must not only know his busi
ness, which is technically difficult: he
must be a man of good physique, strong
and active. He must have a cool head,
a determined will and lots of what is
commonly known as nerve. I have
known of a number of adventures in
which the life of the aeronaut was
saved only by his nerve.
During the Franco-German War.
The balloon was probably brought
into greatest prominence owing to the
Franco-German war. It was realized
some years before this war broke out
that the capabilities of the balloon In
war time were considerable. A Lieu
tenant Orover, of the Royal Engineers,
contributed a thoughtful article on the
subject 44 years ago. Until the Amer
ican war of that year, however, there
seem to have been no very general
belief In the utility of the balloon for
military purposes. Two balloons were
employed In this war. one of about
26,000 cyhlc feet 'capacity and another
about one-half as largs- Th former
was generally used. Hydrogen was
used for inflating purposes- and a
portable apparatus for generating and
purifying the gas was devised. Con
sequently the balloon accompanied the
army to enable aeronauts to perform
scouting work. The advent of photog
raphy Increased the value of the bal
loon for scouting purposes. During
the siege of Paris the only possible
method of conveying a meseage to tho
outside world or of exit from the Ill
fated city was by balloon.
A contrast. Indeed, to yesterday's
happy crowd, who witnessed the com
mencement of tha great race, were the
anxious and starving citizens of that
city who watched the balloons rise as
the grip of the Prussians tightened.
From the French Capital balloons have
gone up for pleasure, for scientific re
search and for warlike ends: yesterday
they ascended In international com
petition. Sixty Balloons In Paris.
During- the siege 60 balloons wers
produced by hundreds of wilim hands.
No less a personage than M. Gambetta
passed over the Prussian line In one.
Volley after volley endangered their
career and the lives of their crews.
"What a period of tense anxiety for
those In the car. Their enterprise and
pluck usually met with Its reward, and
many valuable dispatches were taken
out of the beleaguered city by the In
trepid aeronauts. Twice were the ad
venturers permitted by fate to escapo
from the Prusestan guns, only to fall
victims to the merciless ocean. At
tempts were being made during the
siege to take balloons Into Paris, and
experiments were made to control by
steering devices these ships of the air.
Here it was that the Inventive facul
ties of Dupuy de Lome were stimulat
ed, and he received considerable en
couragement by a grant to perfect an
invention, the main feature of which
was a propelling screw." When it Is re
membered that about 2.500,000 letters,
some ten tons of freight, and many
passengers were taken out of Paris by
balloon during the siege, it is obvious
that this method of transport, if dan
gerous, was at least efficient. As an
aid to scouting, however, the balloon
does not seem to have been of very
great service. -
As a method of locomotion aerial navi
and
gation will in the imediate future possi
bly only be used for military and pleasure
purposes, while, perhaps, proving of serv
ice also for surveying work. It may be
that airships of the future will be as un
like the balloon of the present as the
liner of today is unlike the vessel of 50
years ago. Sir Hiram Maxim has re
minded us that birds are heavier than
air. and that they depend upon the devel
opment of energy for their flight. He
has worked out the motive power of birds,
and tells us that an albatross can carry
250 pounds weight per horsepower. Pro
fessor Langley. the American expert,
came to the conclusion that "whereas
In land or marine transport increased
speed is maintained only by a dispropor
tionate expenditure of power within the
limits of experiment. In aerial horizon
tal transport the higher speeds are more
economical of power than the lower
ones."
It seems from this that the airships of
the future will need to travel rapidly to
secure the horizontal plane. Sir Hiram
Maxim has built a steam motor, using a
boiler which burns naphtha, and he is
still enthusiastic upon the development
of the airship. His work has been enor
mous, and he has accomplished a great
deal, especially in obtaining reliable and
accurate data. Many of our leading sci
entists have ttlrned their attention to the
subject. Lord Raylelgh has discussed the
possibility that birds when soaring In air
are moving In ascending currents.
It may be that the secret of satisfac
torily navigating the air will be solved,
as have many inventions, by a combina
tion of research by scientists and ex
periments by practical workers. It Is,
perhaps, disappointing to many that, de
spite the fact that these are days of
rapid developments and increased knowl
edge, the balloon Is practically as It was
100 years ago. We have been able to
liquefy gases; what easier, says the op
timistic man. than to apply this new
knowledge for the purposes of extending
the time during which a balloon may re
main in the air? And yet we must come
to the conclusion that even though it
were possible to do this, the all-Important
problem of steering and oontrol makes
the balloon unstable. Try as we will,
we feel that we must come back to the
flying machine. The mechanical engi
neer has made the destroyer Viper dash
through the waves at a speed of nearly
40 miles an hour; has made the automo
bile reach extraordinary speeds, and has
made possible the generation of elec
tricity for traction and lighting pur
poses. Is he capable in the near future
of building a ship and motors of such
strength, power and .lightness that It
will be possible to run a Gordon Bennett
cup race In the air with as much certain
ty as when the first automobile race was
run?
Not a New Thing.
Aerial navigation is not a new thing
under the sun. As far back. Indeed, as
1679 a humble French blacksmith
named Besnler announced to his neigh
bors that he had built, a flying machine.
The construction of this apparatus was
simple In the extreme. Taking the
bird for his pattern. Besnler built an
appliance which much resembled the
early type of bicycle known as the
"bone-shaker." with wings on either
side like the blades of a canoe paddle,
only very much larger. The wings
were operated by hand, and some were
also worked by the legs of the aero-naut-
Thfs machine was taken to the top
of a high hill and the operator had to
cast himself into space, beating the sir
with the wings like a bird.
With this crude apparatus the in
ventor managed to raise himself by
short stages, such as from one hill to
another, or by starting off from a level
piece of ground to reach the roof of a
house, fly over a river or other small
obstructions.
The next known attempt to construct
a flying machine did not take place
for a great many years, when the vet
eran Green constructed the model of
a flying machine which was exhibited
In 1S40 at the Polytechnic Intitute, In
Paris.
This model certainly proved success
ful when operated In the calm air In a
room, but. of course, the conditions
were entirely different to those of the
open sky.
Many flying machines were con
structed about this period, hut one de
signed by an Englishman named Hen
son, whose Intention It was to cross the
Atlantic in It, Is worthy of descrip
tion. The machine consisted of one large
aeroplane and waa propelled by a very
light steam engine, which drove numer
ous fans and propellers, Ths steering
of this elaborate apparatus was effected
by a large vane or tall, which was op
erated by hand. The Idea was that the
air, acting on the under surface of the
aeroplane, ' which was placed at an
angle, would enable the machine to
fly, when the large fans, which re
volved many hundred times a minute,
drove it along. It is needless to say
this machine did not cross the At
lantic. The Langley aerodrome flew for more
than a mile and ceased only when its
steam was exhausted, and then it gent
ly glided down. This very successful
model Induced Langley to build a ma
chine on a much larger scale and cap
able of carrying a man. This large
aerodrome was completed In 1903. but
was not so successful as the model.
The reason given was that the device
for launching the aerodrome failed and
a proper start could not be gained.
While Professor Langley's experiments
were In progress on the Potomac, Otto
Lllienthal, of Berlin, was constructing
an apparatus for flying, or rather for
soaring, down from high elevations.
This simple machine at first proved
verv successful, but on the last and
fatal trip, when Otto Lllienthal des--cended,
from a hill 2S0 feet high, his:
machine tilted over when about 60 feet
from the ground and the courageous
aeronaut dropped unchecked to the
earth and was killed.
Lllienthal was probably the first to
really compreherjd that balancing was'
the first and not the last of the great
problems of the aeronaut. In conse
quence he left the question of motor
power to a later stage, and eoncen-i
trated his efforts on the difficulty of
balance. He built a pair of wings of
a size suitable to sustain his weight
and started from the tops of hills,
using gravity as his motor force.
In this manner he made some 2000
flights, in a few cases covering more:
than 800 yards. The importance of his;
achievement lay in the proof' that
movement in the air was feasible, and
it is generally admitted that by his
experiments he contributed more to.
the solution of the flying problem than
any one man.
The difficulty which he overcame on
so many trips, though It was finally the
cause of his death, was the variation
of wind pressure. A gust of wind
caught one wing of his machine and
not the other, and so overturned It.;
A bird overcomes this difficulty by
leaning against the wind and altering
the shape of the wing; but Lllienthal.
though he altered his balance on the
machine sufficiently on other trips, was
not quick enough on the last.
After Lillenthal's death a Mr. Cha
nute followed out his principles with
the modification of putting springs In
the wings and tail, so that they gave
to any sudden guttt of wind and the
machine was . less liable to overturn,
but he did not achieve any decisive
results. The brothers Wright then
took up this form of soarer and their
valuable investigations were accorded
a measure of congratulation by the
Aero Club of American.
In October, 1905, they claim to have
made a flight of 24 1-5 miles before
they were compelled to come to eartl
by the exhaustion of their fuel. Tha.
average speed for the flight was 88
miles an hour, and as the course was
circular the difficulties of guiding
would appear to have been completely
overcome.
The vessel weighed 925 pounds, in
cluding the operator, and was of such
substantial build as to be able to make
landings at such high speed without
being strained or broken. From the
beginning the object was to construct
a machine of practical use, and there
fore lightness of construction was reso
lutely avoided. In regard to motor
power their conclusion was that bet
ter results were obtainable from an
Increased knowledge of flying wings,
steering and the like than from in
creased power.
An entirely new departure in flying
machines was invented by the early
part of 1901 by Herr Kress, whose ap
paratus was intended to be used in
Arctic travel. '
As the result of his many experiments,
with balloons and flying machines. Santos-Dumont,
the Brazilian- aeronaut, hns
frequently approached perilously near to
death, as, for example, when his airship
collapsed at Monaco, on February 14,
1902. and he dropped into the bay.
The morning of that day brought such
a strong wind that the aeronaut at first
decided to postpone the flight, for which
he had made elaborate preparations. By
i o'clock in the afternoon, however, the
air became so calm that he changed his
mind. With the exception of an ominous
little cloud hanging over the hill called
Tete de Chien, which overlooks the bay,
the sky was clear and blue.
A number of steam yachts and launches
with special parties aboard moved about
the bay. ready to follow the balloon, for
Its owner had promised to fly out to sea.
No sooner did the airship rise than Santos-Dumont
showed ho had kept his
promise, for he headed for the water.
Spectators soon noticed, however, that
Instead of mantalnlng Its usual equili
brium, the airship pitched up and down.
Something had gone wrong. The guide
rope had caught In the propeller. At the
same time a squall swept down upon the
airship from Tete de Chien, tilting the
head of it so high that the ballast shift
ed and the oil used to run the motor be
gan to leak.
Fearing an explosion, the inventor
pulled the emergency cord and ripped the
envelope of the balloon. He began to de
scend rapidly, the wind rarrytng him to
ward a dangerous reef of sharp rocks.
For a moment It looked as If the aero
naut's life wss doomed. It seemed as if
he must inevitably fall on the treacher
ous reef, where rescuers could not reach
him either from land or sea. By good
fortune, however, the guide rope trailed
across the yacht of the Prince of Mo
naco and wrs caught by some members
of the crew. In this way it became disen
tangled from the propeller, which began
again to revolve, lifting the balloon,
slightly, to drop a second time so low
that the aeronaut sank In ths water to
his armpits.
"Death had me on two sides I thought,",
said the aeronaut afterward. "The gas
bag settled down upon me, threatening,
to asphyxiate me with the flood of gas'
that ' poured out of it. Indeed, If a
launch from the Prince's yacht had not
reached me as quickly as It did. I would
either have been drowned or suffocated."
First Flight In America.
George Washington was the most nota-,
ble American who saw the possibilities:
of the balloon. He was the first American '
to discover the future of Rumsey's
steamboat, which he saw "go up stream"
in the Potomac River. General Washing
ton, when President, witnessed the as- '
cent of M. Blanchard, a French aero
naut, in Philadelphia in 1785, where
Washington was then residing. Philadel
phia being the Nation's capital. Blanch-'
ard's flight of 16 miles through tho air
was the first in the United States. He
went skyward with the following official
document signed by President Washing
ton: "George Washington, President of the
United States of America, to all to whom
these presents shall come.
"The bearer hereof. Mr. Blanchard. a
cltixen of France, proposing to ascend In
a balloon from the City of Philadelphia
at 10 o'clock A. M. this day. to pass in
such direction and to descend in such
place as circumstances may render most
convenient; these are. therefore, to rec
ommend to all citizens of the United
8tates. and others, that in his pass-age,
descent, return, or Journeying elsewhere,
they oppose no hindrance or molestation
to the said Mr. Blanchard.
"And that, on the contrary, they re
ceive and aid him with that humanity
and good-wlli which may render honor
to their country and Justice to an Indl
vidual so distinguished by his efforts
establish and advance an art in oror to
make It useful to mankind in general.
"Given under my hand and si?al at the
City of Philadelphia, this th day of
January, 1793, and of the independence of
America the seventeenth."
t