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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (June 7, 1908)
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND. JUNE 7, 1908. MHNGGO EXPERIENCED OF PONY EXPRESS RIDERS WHO MADE IT IN EIGHT DAS FROM UdOE TO SAtf FRWCI5C0 . iff I I - --Mi'- ' .ii&L ' 1 v? 1;t " ' - - ! . I i I 1 I x fisi i l : -' - I I I 1 . 1 41 ,''.... j H I ,a jsit &f ' I l ,.:v-; -'-,"1" WA. CATES, better known In the days of the Pony Express as "Bill" Cates, is living In Denver, and Is one of the few survivors of the most remarkable band of couriers the world has ever known. Many persons claim to havebeen Pony Express riders, but, aeide from Cates and "Pony Bob" Haslam, It is doubtful if there are half a dozen men who can prove that they were couriers In the days before the telegraph had penetrated the West. Mr. Cates, who had. the honor of being the first rider to carry Lincoln's inaugural message out of St. Joe. Is still a strong and active man, and only five or six years ago gave an exhibition Pony Express ride at a Wild West show given by Denver citizens. Among his most prized posses sions is the big ' Pony Express saddle which saw such hard service in the days when men and horses acted as substitutes for the telegraph. Mr. Cates' saddle is what is known as the old ; California "tree" a model that lias since given place to a lighter form. It weighs nearly 60 pounds, and the old saddle-maker who turned it out is still alive in Sacramento, Cal. The saddle makers of those days put heart and soul Into the work, and each saddle was a work of art when It was completed. Mr. Cates' Pony Express saddle a splendid example of the art of the old California saddle-makers. Only the finest of wood, rawhide and metal enter into its con struction. It is covered with a brond slieot of stamped leather, called the mucliias, on the sides of which are fast ened the pouches, or heavy leather boxes tii.it contained the Pony Express dis patches. Naturally the dispatches were written on the thinnest of tissue paper, as the Pofij- Express riders could not burden themselves with any extra weight. The boxes were kept locked between stations. At the relay stations the rider would simply slip his saddle off his tired horse and throw it onto a fresh mount that would be held in readiness. "J was a young fellow, craving excite ment, and when I had a chance to ride Tony Express I leaped at It," said Mr. Cates recently, with a reminiscent glance at his prized saddle, "I had the flr ride oft: of 60 miles out of St. Joe. It wasn't what you would call a settled country at that time, but it was not as wild as the runs of some of the other riders like 'Pony Bob' Haslam and Jay Kelley, who had more exciting adventures than fell to my lot. Still, there was enough to keep a man interested all the time, for there were plenty of Indians riding about that part of the country, and they would think K good sport to get the scalp of a Pony Express rider. "I carried Buchanan's last message to Congress In December, 1860. That mes sage went through in eight days. Then, in March, 1861, the superintendent said, as he handed me a bunch of messages: My son, you've got President Lincoln's Inaugural message there look out that it goes through all right. " 'If it don't go through it won't be my fault,' I told him, and jumped in the sad dle and was off. I guess I made my best time on that day. It was cloudy and windy, but the ground was frozen and I sent my horses through at a fast clip. I rode four horses altogether changing mounts three times, at intervals of 15 miles. I made the changes quickly at the relay stations, and when' I reached the end of my run and turned the message jover to the next rider, I knew I had 'held up my end." That message went through in 7 days, 17 hours, and 17 minutes from St. Joe to California, so there couldn't hrebcen any loafing by any of the rid ers along the whole line." On one occasion' Mr. Cates was chased by a band of 200 or more A ra pa hoes and Klowas, "who roamed the Kansas plains and kept settlers 'and express riders and stage drivers ln a ferment until late in the "60s. The young Pony Express rider was on a branch line from Leavenworth City to Fort Riley. The Indians sighted him several miles from Fort Riley, and It was a pretty race, the savages being able to gain little on the intrepid saddle man who was getting top speed out of hts wiry broncho. It was customary for the soldiers at the fort to keep a lookout for the Pony Express rider about the time he was due,, and to this fact Mr. Cates doubtless owes his life. It wag seen that the Pony Express rider was in trouble; and a detachment of cavalry was sent out to meet him. The approach of the Boldlers frightened away the Indians, and the Pony Express rider and his pre cious messages were saved. The Pony Express was only in existence about two years. With the completion of - the first telegraph line to California the occupation of the brave riders was gone. The Terrors of One-Night Stands Drag of Thirty-Two Weeks. OBODY knows the utter misery, the casual joys, the exactions and un relenting hard work of playing one- night towns except those who have been chained to a route made up of days on railroads and nights In strange habita tions, a route given to players for a sea son of 30 or more weeks without even a respite of a Sunday. This cunningly devised year of misadven tures and theatrical calamities has sent a caravan of gypsy ing celebrities, out. into the towns not on the map. the villages or note, the places reached by a tram or a trolley and the big, deep, kind woods where the railroads carry no trunks. Large companies are the only ones ex empt and the genial transportation au thorities have1 carefully planned enough interstate legislation to scare the brav est plungers on railroad tickets into countincAnoses twice before shipping a 2 -year-old musical comedy out to grass with Its original phalanx of beauties, comedians and choral attachments. But the stars, especially the woman stars with small companies, , go forth and find. Among the unexpected things they find is a kind of desultory . amusement for themselves out of the despair settled about, a tramp over uncivilized territory with even modern convenience an undis covered novelty, with trundle beds and kerosene, with mosquito netting screens and lead spoons, with cold coffee and bad grammar and still with It all a sort of courageous pleasure of the mlsery-likes-company variety. Sometimes the star makes the whole Journey a picnic and never shows the white feather from September to June. Lillian Russell, for the first time In her' glittering life, has this year been chased out into the tall timbers to carry on a kind of brilliant and smiling brigandage by which the beautiful Lillian is to loot the whole South and West of its hoarded wealth and make it feel in her debt after she Is through. She rises at 5 or 4 if necessary, ships- aboard with the wholo company, is notafrald to take her veil off or use her sweetest voice before sun rise and sets everybody such a canny example that the health average of the "Wildfire" troupe Is recorded as unpre cedented. If she has been too cold she bustles around and circulates enough to warm up: if she Is too warm she sits idly and starts a breezy conversation and lolls and so does everybody else. She has proved an ideal one-night towner and all the railroad authorities want to divide stocks with her. for they are used to the stellar kick. Once this Winter Russell discovered that her next town was sure of a doubtful $500, and a certain; 50-mile ride between midnight and dawn -with no sleepers or chair cars. The town was near St. Louis and Nordica was singing Books Added to Library BIOGRAPHY. Charles the Bold. Charles the Bold, last Ihike of Burgrundy; by Ruth Putnam. 1908. Margaret of Austria. The hiuti and puis sant princess Marguerite of Austria, prince dowager of Ppain. regent of The- Netherlands; by Christopher Hare. 1WT. Shorter. Immortal memories. 1007. BOOKS IN FOREIGN" LAXOUASBa. Bebarbes. La laprende de l'algle. Keller. Waldwfmer; roman aus , den chlesischen barsen. Krause. Elne gefangene aeele. DESCRIPTION AND TRAVEL. Dubois. Hindu mannera, customs and cere monies; tr. by H. K. Beauchamp. Ed. 3. 1906. Herbert. Two Dianas In Somallland; the record of a shooting trip. T190S. Masefleld. On the Spanish main: or. some Kngllah forays on the Lsthmus of Darlen. ' FICTION. Carpenter. Captain Courtesy. Kinross. Dave nan t. Munn. Boyhood days on the farm. Streekfuss. The lonely house; tr. by Mrac A. L. Wlster. LITER ATT rRF, Armes. ed. Old English ballads and folk songs. 1907. Page., ed. British poets of the nineteenth century. 1904. and Mr. Cates, with the other adventur ous souls that took up the dangerous call Inn, drifted Into more peaceful pursuits. "Pony Bob" Haslam. now of Chicago, rode one of the most dangerous routes on the Pony Bxpress line, and probably un derwent more narrow escapes than any rider In the service. Bob carried dis patches through a hostile country after the outbreak of the Pal-Ute war In Ne vada. On one of his most eventful rides, at the outbreak of that war, he rode from" Virginia City to Bucklands, 75 miles, on one horse. EScpress stock having been seized by Indiana. At Bucklands, the rider who was to relieve Bob was afraid to- venture out, and Haslam went on 65 miles to Smith's Creek, through a lonely and Indian-Infested country. Here he was relieved by Jay Kelley, one of the gamest men that ever threw a. leg over a. Pony Express saddle. When Bob returned he found that the keeper at Cold Springs had been killed and all the horses taken. He started on, after watering his tired horse, and managed to reach Sand Springs. Here he advised the keeper to accompany him which advice saved the keeper's life, as the next day the sta tion was attacked. Bob went on and found the Sink of the Carson besieged by 50 Indians. He wormed his way through the besiegers at night and went on to Bucklands, and thence across the Sierra "Nevadas at Friday's Station. In all he had traveled 380 miles within" a few hours of schedule time, and was surrounded by perils on every hand. After the pony express across the con tinent was discontinued Bob was em ployed by the Wells-Fargo people as an express rider between Virginia City and Friday's Station. Then he was trans ferred to Idaho, where he witnessed the outbreak of the Modoc war. On one of his rides he passed the bodies of 90 Chinamen who had been killed by In dians. This was Bob's last experience as a pony express rider. His successor, Sye McAulas, was killed by Indians on his first trip. The pony express riders received from $100 to $125 per month small pay for the constant risks they were compelled to face. They were all young, abstemious men, as Colonel Alexander Majors, who organized this great service, had an Ironclad temperance clause In all his con tracts. To maintain the pony express service Colonel Majors hired SO riders, and had to maintain 190 stations, and more than 500 horses. The enterprise lost money, but It showed that It was possi ble to maintain an unbroken line of com munication with California across the continent, and this fact led Congress to give aid In establishing the overland mall route that succeeded the pony express. Alex. Carlyle was the first pony ex press rider to ride out . of 9t. Joe when the line was established April 3, 1S60. He was succeeded a few months later by Mr. Cates. Johnny Fry, a famous frontier character, was the second rider and J.' H. Keetley was the third Keetley now being a business man of Salt Lake. Fry was killed by Indiana at Baxter Springs. Jay Kelley died In Denver a few years ago, and it Is believed that not over a half dozen of the original pony express riders are alive today a scanty remnant of this brave company that made so much history. Denver, Colo., June 2. Vagabondage for Theatrical Stars. there. What did Russell do btit pay the piper for deserting and charter a car to take her whole company up to St. -Louis to pass the day and hear Nordica. She paid all their expense's and made good the losses for her management and the tlifater. But they do not all travel like Russell. Ethel Barrymore. looking about 16 in a blue jumper and plain sailor about two feet wide, leaned over and drove one of her Irresistible glances of solemnity at me and said before she smiled: "I am Just In from Lima, Ohio; ever been there?" Jack Barrymore, who was gripping her long elbow from a distance, said: "Are you Inquiring or punning?" Ethel grew limp and smiled, showing all her dimples and some new ones the romp ing comfort of Uma engagements for months had put Into her wonderful 'face. She has even taken a little round and girlish look into that face with the good times she has found between jumps. As I went Into the quiet house waiting for "Paid in Full" the other evening a wan, slim little girlish creature reached a trembling hand out to me and feverish ly clutched me. Her smile had some thing impelling and tragic in its white ness. I did not know her until she said saucily: . "Good gracious! you look as you did the night you wore my clothes home in the snowstorm and this is May!" It was Blanche Walsh and she was rat tling her pretty bones through Chicago en route to a village with a theater up two flights of stairs. She had been pulled and hauled and pitched about in a perfect frenzy of one-night routemaking and Blanche is not the sort of star to take a ruddy view of that kind of treatment. Money does not speak to her after 12 M. She has grown thin to emaciation. Her luscious, color and crimson lips are whit ened as if with frost and she is Just a tired, worn, nervous little person who has a wonderful look of supernatural youth upon her miniature face and a tremor of breakdown in her luscious voice. Blanche really at her best Is a buxom, radiant creature with a touch of Greek magnificence which she inherits from an Athenian mother in her Irish brawn. But now she Is not Hire herself, but the wraith the one-night town drudgery and irksome persistence of vagabondage has made of her. "I am gefing to do 'Resurrection' In Kalamazoo. After they resurrect I am going home, home, home! Boston! Home! Is there such a place? With a bedroom wJiich does not smell of apples and a dining-room which is not redolent of sand wiches and ginger ale! Clean curtains and windows which will open without an ax, a surcease of the rumble of the flight train and ghostly whistles, clanging bells and bumpety bumps. Maybe I won't stay at home when I get there!" Amy Leslie In Chicago News. ' FINE ARTS. Hasluck. ed. Pianos, their 'construction, tuning and repair. 1905. Pemberton Rosee: their history, develop ment and cultivation. 1908. Robinson. The garden beautiful. 1906. HISTORY. Pollard. Factors In modern hlstoo 1907. SCIENCE. Hobbs. Earthquakes. 1007. SOCIOLOG Y. Day. A history of commerce. 19ir7. Gilbert. Trade currency . in early Oregon. 1907. Mallork. A critical examination of social ism. 1907. Richmond. The good neighbor in the mod ern city. 1908. USEFUL ARTS. Hasluck, ed. Cassell's carpentry and Join ery. 1907. Henderson. Sign painter. 1906, Laughltn. ed. The complete dressmaker, with simple directions for boms millinery. 1907. a Maginnls. How to measure up woodwork for buildings. 1903. Meyer. The British state telegraphs. 1907. Turneaore A Maurer. Principles of rein forced concrete construction. 19oS. . t : fj!iU0 NAI< mtefVieicj hu nsece ihc Countess JJIECE OF THE -ALTTHaE?' THE recent reports in Earopean newspapers from Xew York that the late anarchistic outbreaks in America had been laid at the door of my uncle. Count Leo Tolstoi, suggested the thought that he would be willing to make some statement of his position In regard to the anarchistic and socialistic propa ganda. Accordingly I wrote asking for an appointment for an interview, a for mality he requires even from his jour nalistic relatives. His daughter Countess Vera, replied by letter: "In spite of some ill health father will be glad to welcome you at any time and have a long talk on the sub ject, which interests him greatly." Ac cordingly I made ' preparations for a Journey to his estate, Jasnaja Poljana. 1 reached the home of my uncle very early on a cold March morning. The sun was just rising .behind the trees which glittered with heavy frost. All at the estate seemed still sleeping except two ;reat wolf hounds which met us with loud barking. " I 'drove into the yard with much embarrassment at disturb ing the house so early, especially as it was Sunday, when what was my aston ishment to And my uncle up and, de spite his 70 years, attacking a great knotted piece of cordwood with vigorous blows of an ajc. On seeing us he stopped, shook hands cordially with both myself and my coach man and said to me half Jokingly: "You have come at just the right mo ment to help me. I have been trj-ing for half an hour to split this wood. You are younger and stronger than I so take the ax and help me out. The room is very cold and 1 would not invite you In until there was a fire. I know you will enjoy the work." He smiled and handed me the ax and I had to obey. I went to work and. having more success than he, he was so8n carrying an armful of fagots into the house. The servants were all still sleeping so, rather than disturb thom he built the tire himself and soon, with my assistance, the samovar was steaming and we began our interview over grate ful cups of steaming tea. "I have read," said the Count, "that some of the American newspapers have blamed me for Inciting the anarchists to the recent violent outbreaks over there. Such assertions are exactly what one would expect from the- American press. His eyes flashed as he warmed to a denunciation of the press. "The Russian newspapers write of me as a fool and a reactionary, the French papers call me a religious fanatic and new the American press seems to be ac cusing me of promoting anarchy. I am accustomed to lying attacks from the newspapers but it is getting beyond a joke. "The trouble with the modern news paper is that it cares little for the truth and a great deal for the profits. It is either a money-making machine or a political propagandist organ. It has no Ideals. Its praise is for those who buy it ir curry political favor and its attacks for tho6e who are in dependent. It is because I have stood out uncompromisingly for the truth that I have been the most bitterly at tacked of contemporary writers. The novelist who glorifies the life' and deeds of the rich, of kings and all the 'upper curst of society is called by them a great man and Idolized in the newspapers owned and written Dy their hirelings and friends. See how all the drawing-room writers, and nov elists have their 'ideas.' which are really worth nothing, boomed in the contemporary press. So why should I pay any attention to what the news papers write for or againsf me and my ideas? They are- inconsequential. "Today the great question In th minds of upper society is anarchism. When I say that all the enormous wealth is accumulated in a criminal way and call the people whom the rich are abusing and robbing to protest and call them anarchists, they in their turn call me an anarchist, "It is odd that there is so much ex citement when a crazy man resorts to violence and assaults somebody, but that when Ihe autocrat millionaires and their trusts evade the law, kill thousands and cause hundreds of thou sands to suffer, there is "no protest and no excitement. I doubt If there is either in America or in this country a more dangerous anarchist than ouf Czar or an American Rockefeller. Mor gan or Carnegie. Society says that I am a fool because I oppose the modern tendencies in art expression. But look to whom belongs modern art expression! Practically to the possessors of predatory wealth to whom it is merely a stimulant or pastime, while he has nothing for the poor. "I cannot pass over the retrogression of morality and conscience under the bad Influence of a false civilization based on money and materialism. All the rulers and plutocrats of Europe and America claim to be the followers of "Christ and worshipers of a God in beaven, but1 that 1 ft . A J .1 i cm An Ht ml br - if Pfc- aSS run A coujsriirBs. TOIuTDI THE jSJTnOf can be nothing but pray with their lips, with their hands, those claiming to be- a lie. While they they prey and kill Take any one of Christians" or "re- liglous" men and bring the Christ really to them and what will happen? You reed not bo surprised to see that In a few kdays they will call him an anarchist and again cry "Crucify him." It is simply disgusting how hypocritical are most men and women who are called Christians, ed ucated people of the leading classes. It is not right that modern education does not educate the heart and morality of a man, training him only to make money and enslave his neighbors." The Count's talk had made him very excited and he began to walk up and down the room. His dog followed his every step and brought back his lost sense of humor. The servants and the rest of the family had awakened in the meantime. His daughter, Vera, Joined us in our conversation. "Is it true that a woman in New York City Is used to exhibit the wealth of her husband or father?" asked the Countess. "I have heard that an American society woman of Newport or some other fash ionable resort spends $20,000 a year for her dresses. The Grand Duchess Eliza beth, the sister of the Czarina, told me once In Moscow that she never had been as elaborately dressed as any shop-girl In New York. "Much more amusing than this spend ing of big sums for dresses and dia monds by these degenerated daughters of American multi-millionaires Is their mania arlstocratia or snobbery," re marked Count Tolstoi. "I have been told that the daughters of successful American money-makers often delib erately sell themselves to' European Princes. Counts and other real or pre tending title-bearers. I remember an amusing conversation with our Grand Count Alexis, who once visited Ameri ca, in which he told how the wealthy society people ran after him as a won der, merely to get the opportunity to touch his clothing or shake his hand. It Is ridiculous even in Europe to see the people kneeling and bowing before persons of title, but we have an ex cuse in our old aristocratic customs and traditions. I cannot understand it in an American who is born to democratic ideals." Our conversation turned to litera ture and topics of the day. My uncle criticised severely Shakespeare and his habit of stealing the ideas for his dramas. More severe still was he on Maxim Gorki and his "childish Social ism." which the Count despised ut terly. In his opinion there woild soon, begin a fierce fight between the capital ist class and the laboring class in America. "There is only one cure for present conditions," said the great writer, "and that Is promulgation of a religion of humanitarianlsm and brotherhood and a change to the simple life of the country. A passive resistance of every kind of force and violence Is the best way to wage a moral war that will bring a true and lasting victory. "As to my opinion of anarchism, and my connection with its propaganda, I would ask, who are the anarchists? Christ was not a hypocrite, as are the people who say they are His followers. Christ was the 'teacher of individual ism and brothe -hood. So am I. ' If that is called anarchism, then I am an anarchist. i "I have alwajs been opposed to every kind of violence and bloodshed. I teach that any government which en forces the law by force of arms is an archistic and ought to be opposed by .;(- j' r , $f si . 1 j-'K 1 1 --n iiimnTfiiirl tsirii-inmirrlit COVKTT .LEOTQIirrOI. x the people. The more militaristic, is a country, the more it develops anarch ism and violence. There is also an -Ather fact to be taken Into considera tion, and that Is, the greater the gulf between the rich and the poor the greater tendency there is to terror and anarchy. "A disgrace to any civilized country is capital punishment, and no nation should dare to call itself civilized which has to maintain order by kill ing people. No truly Christian or truly civilized country uses violence law. and when violence is legal in any land I can only call that an an archistic land. So I am not preaching anarchy, but fighting against It. "I can not be held responsible when men and women assemble In any part of the world, organize a terroristic society and then call it a League of Tolstoism. My teaching opposes wholly any such organization. "As far as I have been able to un derstand, there are three' distinct types of anarchists, and their differ ences are significant. The first type s the philosophic anarcnist, nae Prince Kuropatkin and Richard Wag ner. I should say that even President Roosevelt Is in theory, to a consider able extent, a philosophic anarchist, especially In respect to his strongly individualistic ideas. This kind of an archist Is. of course, harmless to so ciety so far at least as violence is con cerned. ( "The second type of anarchist Is the acrltating or demagopic kind. These are like "bosses" of political organizations, dangerous and undesirable. They them selves do not use violence, but they can impel their weak minded tools to do any thing. A demagogic anarchist does not know the philosophic side and simply seeks an outlook for his own vanity or egoism. This Is also largely true of the socialistic leaders. Some of these ought to be switched off Immediately to other avenues of activity or they will do a great deal of liarm. "The third type of anarchist is the ter roristic fellow who assaults or kills any one whom he thinks to be responMlble for some social or his own personal troubles. In the majority of cases these people are entirely ilrrational and mentally unbal anced. Society ought to keep them either in a special moral school away from city life or in an asylum until they rc cured. In the majority of cases this class of ter roristic anarchists Is the tool of the .dem agogic agitators. "Socialism is, of course, an entirely dif-; ferent doctrine from anarchism, but I think it Is much more of a menace to humanity. Socialism is materialistic and is based entirely on egoistic theories of life. The socialists are really demand ing the imperialism and bureaucracy which they pretend to fight. A socialist Is the subject of his leader and that he does not understand. He is wrong who says that Christ was in his ideas a social ist. He was a philosophic anarchist like Buddah, Confucius, Moses and other great teachers of brotherhood and truth but never a socialist," We were Interrupted by the call to breakfast. At table the Count said that he had finished his discussion and sug gested that we turn the lively topics. The old novelist ate with great appe tite and said that eating was a great pleasure to him since he became a vege tarian and tetotaler. He drank butter milk, ate black bread, eggs, potcheese and honey. He said that for writers but termilk and honey were the most natural and effective stimulants and nourishment and that such food gave him much strength for writing. Each member of the family had his own sort of meal but no meat or alcoholic drinks were on the table, curing the meal the Count told with a very humorous touch of what he had imagined the faces of Thomas Ec' son and John Blgelow to be like from their work and how he was grievously disappointed to find them both entirely different from anything he had Imagined, after he had received their photographs. He considers those two men the greatest citizens of the United States. After spending the entire day with (he great author and his family, I left in the evening. As we drove, out In the sled from the yard the Count accompanied us to the gates with his big wolf hounds. There, giving us his hand warmly, he said good-by and with a smile full of humor, added: "Remember my example and drink al ways buttermilk and honey, for they keep you pretty and young." A Dyspeptic Ode. Nixon Waterman In Success Magazine Let poets rave, as poets mill. About the heart's control. And in their lofty lyrics still Its vital worth extol; , I, who must walk In humble ways And modest muses woo, I write this simple song to praise The liver good and true. Fray tell me what are hearts to men What's anything, alack! To us poor bilious creatures wheo The liver's out of whack? 'While sentiment. 1 gram it. Is Quite pruper in ite place, Yet when we get right down to "biz," The liver sets the pace. So let's1 not to the dreamy bards' Soft caroling succumb. For he who clearest truth regards Will keep his liver plumb; He knows full well a heart may bless A mortal. In a way, But oh! it's quite "ri. ti.," unless HU liver's ail "O. K." And hers and now I make my plaint To all the cooks; Beware On what you feed us. for a saint On bile-distressing (fare Must soon become a demon! Yes, You guide w. day by day. For piousness and biliousness Go different paths, they say. "