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ODD POPULATION OF MWANZA, A FUTURE
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IHAVBJ left Bukoba and bav come to
the extreme southern end of Lake
Victoria. The distance -waa 93 miles,
and our littla steamer was all day coast
ing the shores. We made our way along
rocky coast, and are now In a harbor
surrounded by great hills and boulders of
granite.
The lower part of Lake Victoria is cut
up by great bays. At my left Is &peke
gulf, which extends 60 miles inland, and
at my right is Emin Paaha bay, which
was discovered by Stanley and Emin after
they thought they had outlined this part
of the lake. Lying between these is the
estuary upon which this town of Mwanza
is situated. It is the place where John
Banning Spoke first saw Lake Victoria
and announced its existence to the world.
The first man to go clear around the lake
was Henry M. Stanley, who navigated it
In a boat rowed by natives.
The German Town of Mwanza.
Stand with me on the ateamshlpWlnal
fred and take a look at this town of
Mwanza. It runs around a harbor, which
Is of the shape of a bow, and Itf well
guarded by small rocky islands. The en
trance Is so narrow that we seem to be In
little lake shut off from the great Vic
toria Nyansa. A wooden pier has been
built out into the harbor, and It Is at this
that our steamer is lying. At the begin
ning of the pier Is the custom-house, a
shed walled and roofed with galvanized
Iron, and bock of it are the round white
towers of the German port, in front of
which tall black soldiers In kakhl march
vp and down.
At the right of the custom-house are the
low bungalows, with white walls ana red
roofs, which form the hospital and office a
of the civil governor, while at the left.
high up on a hill, is the home of the mill'
tary commandant, by far the best house
tn the place. Between that and the shore
extends a forest of oil palms, and farther
back, behind the fort, running for miles
Dut Into the country, is the native village
of Mwanza, with its Hindoo stores and
snatched huts. The village is cut up by
wide streets. There are many trees, and
everything looks spick and span and new.
A Fatnre Trading Center.
Before I take you on shore, let us look
at the scenes about the wharf, and the
loading and unloading of the steamer.
This will give some Idea of the trade of
TRUE SCIENCE OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
How Ttotal Abolition of Ibor Mar Be Brought About; Recreation Substituted for Hard Work.
BY J. L. JONES.
, "5QINNINO with a few axioms or
I self-evident truths. Euclid con
structed a science of geometry and
Incidentally developed a system of logic i
that has never been successfully refut
ed. Starting from a solid foundation,
be proved his processes step by step as
a mason bunds a wall. He was surely a
free and an accepted mason, for his work
is almost, if not wholly, faultless.
A science of political economy could
be constructed In a similar manner, but
It never has been done. I am going to
present three axioms, or self-evident
truths as the basis of such a science, so
that whoever wishes to build on these
may go ahead and furnish bis own lum
ber and labor. ,
First, labor is a 'curse and not a bless
ing. Or we might state it thus: Labor
Is a penalty and not a privilege. Second,
the lower the prices of all commodities
the better for society, and third, the
higher the wages or prices of human la
bor the better for society. And to
strengthen these and fasten them to
gether we must borrow one of Euclid's
axioms: the whole Is greater man its
part. By society I moan the whole social
body, not any particular part or it.
From these axioms I think we can e
duce a formula or theorem of political
economy as nearly absolute as possible.
which may be. stated as follows: "The
equation or equalisation of prices and
waces and values and the elimination
of loss through misdirection or parasit
ism, will restore the social equilibrium."
It will probably be admitted that w.
never have any equilibrium now. Values
i and prices are always fluctuating, so that
business Is like gambling. And It must
also be admitted that the elimination of
loss and waste is the most Important
factor In economy.
I have no fear that anyone acquainted
with processes of logio will attempt to
deny any of the preliminary axioms or
statements, for to deny these is equiva
lent to affirming their opposltes. which
are all absurdities, yet strange to say,
tsuich at Lbs buaineaa of the wqrld
the region, and also of what Is going on
away out here In the heart of East Africa.
Only a few years ago this country was
absolutely unknown. It was supposed to
be an impenetrable wilderness; its people
were In continual warfare, and the chief
business was the -buying and selling of
slaves. Today we buy many of its pro
ducts, and the richer of its . natives are
wearing our cottons.
Bee that great bale of goods which is
being taken off now. That contains Amer
ican!, a Ktna 01 sneeting wnicn Drings
more and sells better than any brought
in from England, Germany or India, al
though they all compete with it. Those
hides which are coming down to the ship
on the heads of that gang of. natives are
destined to be made into boots and shoes
in our American factories, and even now
many of you have Lake Victoria cows kins
under your feet. We formerly got our
best goatskins from the Somali coast, and
they were shipped from Aden, Arabia.
Then one of the Uganda officials, who
had been on duty In British Somallland,
decided that the goatskins from there
might be sent to America, and so an Im
mense trade In that product has grown
up north of the lake. It has extended
down here to the south, and some of our
finest skins now come from this region.
This is so of cattle hides, as well as the
sktns of goats and sheep. All are export
ed In quantities.
The regions about the lower end of
the lake are largely devoted to stock
raising. The natives have big herds of
cattle, sheep and goats, and the chief
profit comes from the skins. Cows are
now selling here for $5 and $6 apiece,
and a sheepskin or a goatskin can be
bought for a yard or so of American
sheeting. Back In the interior the peo
ple wear cowskins and goatskins with
the hair on as clothing, and even here
In Mwanza both women and men are
dressed In such skins.
Peanuts and Cotton.
This country Is also a land of pea
nuts, Indian corn and cotton. There
is fotne question about the cotton, but
this ship will carry away 11.000 pounds
when it leaves here, and It was all
raised within a few miles of Mwanza.
The cotton is put up in 100-pound
bales and was carried to this port by
two men to each bale. I am told that
the seasons are so uncertain, however,
that there Is little expectation of mak
ing the crop profitable. As to peanuts,
77,300 tons were shipped from German
East Africa to Europe last year, and
some thing like 6,000,000 pounds went
Is actuated or inspired by a denial of all i
of them.
According to the confnsed and erratic
theories uppermost In the popular mind,
earthquakes, fires, wars, drouths and
other disasters are blessings, because, by
destroying property they "raise prices and
create a demand for labor that other
wise must suffer for lack of employment.
The people are always urgently ad
vised to save their money, to put It in
the bank and not put It In circulation.
Then we are informed in a parallel col
umn that the idle rich who tax their liv
ing on the public are a benefit to society
because they put money in circulation.
Now would it not be better if the people
who earn the. money should put it In cir
culation themselves in buying pure food
and comfortable clothing rather than to
pay It over to a privileged class to spend
In monkey functions?
But wben I affirm that labor Is a
penalty or curse and not a privilege or
blessing It becomes necessary to denne
accurately the meaning of the term
labor. There is a difference between
labor and activity or occupation. The
word labor implies pain, struggle or
distress. There is) no sense of ease,
comfort, or freedom about it. There is
no such thing as free labor any more
than there are- free slaves or white
blackbirds. The terms are contradic
tory. All labor la compulsory. No one
labors because he wants to do so. but
because he must.
When a woman is in labor she Is in
pain. When a ship labors It Is In dis
tress. If the pulse or breathing is
labored, this is a symptom of slcknees.
But when a person works at something
he wants to do, something he takes a
pride or Interest In, like football, for
Instance, that Is not labor. That is en
tertainment. A farmer Is not a laborer. He la en
gaged in agricultural pursuits. He Is
pursuing happiness, but it he met her
on the street he would hesitate about
addressing her. Happiness is a radiant
goddess, a celestial being. The cloud
less glory of her axure eyes would take
the breath away from hlra, and make
tba b-ri-s; tUa jags araak. Ha would
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAN, PORTLAND, 3IAY
thoy 0 chiefly to the United States to pay to get some rice taken from I IfOitSi fill slW t KC5
via Aden or Naples, so that there is Bukoba 200 miles inland. He wants Wn B I ' l5 V J"? i B
but one trans-shipment after they the rice to feed a gang of porters who I J S t &. -'"i , T . J" if
New German Railroads.
I have spoken of Mwanza as a fu
ture trading center. It may be the
Chicago of the German possessions. It
Is on a lake which is 10,000 miles
bigger than Lake Michigan, and It has
a rich country extending ror hundreds
of miles to the south, east and west
of it. The goods which now come In
here are over trade routes whicn go to
Lake Tanganyika and the coast of
the Indian Ocean at Dar es Salaam.
The trade routes are merely paths
through the woods, but they are an
nually tnodden . by the bare feet of
thousands of porters, each or whom
carries 60 pounds on his nead. The
distance from here to the Indian Ocean
is rot over 500 miles as the crow flies,
but this human freight train takes
70 days to make the journey, and the
rates are consequently high. The Ger
mans are now proposing to oulld rail
roads between these two points. They
have begun at Dar es Saiaam and are
laying a trunk line toward Tangan
yika. That line will be bisected at
the town of Tabora by a road going
north to Mwanza. This will give Ta
bora a similar position to that which
Indianapolis now holds in regard to
Chicago.
At nresent nearly all the freight from
here is carried on British steamers
across the lake to Port Florence and
down over the Uganda railway to the
coast at Mombasa. I understand that
the Germans would like to put their
Own steamers on the lake, but that
the British refuse to bring In over
their railroad the machinery or sup
plies necessary to build the boats. They
intend to keep the carrying trade of
Lake Victoria to themselves as long as
thpy poeslbly can. And so, if the Ger
mans want steamers, they must bring
the iron and other materials for them
In pieces of not over 60 pounds each,
on the heads of porters for 60s or 700
miles through their own country. This
would be costly and almost impossible,
and the probability is that the German
steamers will have -to wait until the
German railroads are built.
Hi h Freight Rates.
How would you like to pay (40 a
ton for shipping grain or corn a dis
tance of 200 miles? That Is the rate a
not pursue any further. He would
dodge into a saloon and order some re
freshment. The editor does, not labor. He Is a
literary man. Possibly he ia pursuing
fame or some other shifty siren. Every
one who Is free to work for himself
or not obliged to work at all, is pur
suing some phantom that he will prob
ably never catcb up with, even In a
flying machine. But the chase is ex
citing and the philosophers have
schooled him or fooled him to believe
that antioipatlon is better than reali
zation, eo he pegs along contentedly,
ever pursuing and never catching up,,
living tn hope, but not in reality.
But the laborer, the party of the inferior
part, who works by the day for a few
paltry cents an bour at some uncon
genial task, has no hope of fame or
fortune or happiness. His whole existence
is a misfortune. He Is a murderer by
trade. If he does not kill any of the
policemen or merchants, he can only
kill time, till time kills him. and then
.wben he goes up to the pearly gates and
raps for admission well, I will tell what
happened to one who dreamed be went
up there.
The colored porter ushered him into the
presence of St. Peter In a state of morti
fication and confusion, overwhelmed with
a sense of his unworthtness to enter sach
a place at all.
But St. Peter reassured him at once
by exclaiming in a hearty and sonorous
voice: ."Well, my man, what can we do
for you this morning?
"1 I Just came up to to see about a
a Job. There was not anything for roe
down there any longer. Fact is
'"Well, wo will take your name and ad
dress," Interrupted St. Peter.
"Bill Jones is my name:"
The recording angel. Peter's private
sscretary dipped his pen in the lnk
bottle, but before putting down the name
he inquired In a suave and silky tone:
"And what Is your profession, Mr.
Jones T'
"I I I never made any professions.
am a laborer I belong to a labor union
I have my card with me."
"Wall saver mind. ilr. JoaeV aaid
GREAT TRADING CENTER
young Englishman on btfard expects
to pay to get some rice taken from
Bukoba 200 miles Inland. He wants
the rice to feed a gang of porters who
are to go with a commission which is
now outlining the new boundary be
tween Uganda and the Congo Free
State. ' The rice is being- taken on
here, and it will be unloaded at Bu
koba, from whtfre the porters will
carry it across country to-the boun
dary commission. It is packed up in
boxes of' 60 pounds each, and a thou
sand men will be required to carry it,
The amount needed is only 30 tons, but
It will take those 1000 men a month to
make the journey. Each porter will
get 4 rupees, or $1.38 for the work, so
that-the trans-shipment of that 30 tons
of rice will cost $1833 In wages alone,
not including the freight rate on the
steamer from here to Bukoba.
! The Trade of Lake Victoria.
During my trip around the lake I
am having a good opportunity to learn
about trade matters. There are many
millions of natives who might be
reached by this lake, and Uncle Sam
should send out his drummers to show
themour goods and study their wants.
I have already written of American
sheeting. We are landing a dozen bales
of them here. They are sent in through
Arnold, Cheney & Co., of Zanzibar, who
have their traders going through this
part of Africa selling goods and buy
ing hides and ivory. They get the
sheeting from New York, and It has
to compete with goods made to imitate
it in England and India, and sold at
much lower prices. Of late some cheap
German imitations are also- coming in.
The natives prefer our American goods
to any other, and are ready to pay more
for them. They can tell the genuine
Americanl by its smell, and upon putting
their noses to the Manchester or Bombay
goods, they will throw them aside in
disgust. Indeed, back: in the interior our
cottons have become a standard of value,
and are used as money. A a beep, for
instance, is estamated as worth a yard
and a half of Americanl, a cow is worth
nine yards and a buxom young girl of
13 or 14 is valued at 0 yards or more.
Contracts for carrying goods are paid
for In so many shells and so much Ameri
can!, the length in which the goods are
sold being strips long enough to wind
about the body of a man or woman with
the accompanying folds. - Such a length
constitutes a dress pattern. The mer
chants buy the stuff in pieces of 30 yards
each.
But let us go ashore and take a look
the bookkeeper. "I am very sorry, but
we could not possibly use you."
Then Jumping up on the counter and
crossing his legs he said. "Sit down Mr.
Jones In that chair and I'll just tell
you' how it is.
"But I will tell you. air. Jones, you
ought to go down below where the big
crowd is. There Is a Prince down there
Batan or Sagan or something like that.
He 'has several names, anyhow, as all
Princes have. You will hear about him.
He has vast estates down there and he is
a great philanthropist. He runs a free
employment bureau and makes a specialty
of finding work for idle hands. He takes
In all the applicants that come along and
puts them to work snoveling coal and
fixing stove pipes, while the womei are
all busy making fireproof Bummer cloth
ing.
There is no excuse for anyone to be
out of work down there. There is not an
idle minute. In fact they don't keep any
but good men In the place. They run
the agitators and bobos out into a bull
pen. I am sure you would get along all
right there.
"Now. good morning. Mr. Jones. Call
again when you are up this way. We
may have something for you when bus!
ness brightens up a little, but at present
there is absolutely nothing doing.
The bookkeeper was too courteous and
gentlemanly, too well trainecl-a diplomat
and business man to tell him tn plain
English to go to the devil. That would
have been unparliamentary and incendiary
language. But that was all the. polite
and pious palaver amounted to. - "Only
that and nothing more.
This is the end and the reward of labor
and this is where the honest toiler must
go when he dies, and he is practically dead
already for to be condemned to hard la
bor for life is really a sentence to a liv
ing death.
The word toil means a snare or trap.
The workers of the world are In the to:ls
of the spoiler. They are spoiled of nine
tenths of what they produce for the priv
ilege of being permitted to undergo n
penalty, and they are prevented from
prbduclng half as much as they might
under Just conditions.
This matter can be treated under the
head of the fourth commandment, which
treats of labor and rest. The New Dis
pensation programme is to abolish labur j
eiiogtner ana turn 11 inio rjcreniiuii
thus making Industry a pleasure instead
of a penalty.
24, 1908.
w
TVTjTO 2TZZZ7i TJZZTJTl
at the markets. It is there we can see
how these people do business at home.
On the way we pass several German
officials. They are nattily dressed in
white duck and each wears a white hel
met. Every man of them carries a hip
popotamus skin whip in his hand. These
whips are as thick as one's linger, and
almost as elastic as rubber. The offi
cials use them to keep the natives in
order, and the slightest cut will draw
blood.
The Native Market.
I
Going on to the market, which lies
Just beyond the fort, we And ourselves
In a court, on one side of which is a
building covering a quarter of an acre.
It is open at the sides, and its thatched
roof is upheld by round white wooden
pillars. Upon the floors are scores of
black women and men, some dressed in
cottons, others in bark cloth, and not
a few in cowskins. They are sitting
on the ground with their wares lying
before them In almost infinitesimal
piles. The poverty of the country is
such that no one can spend more than
a cent or so at a time, and the average
purchase la in the fraction of a cent.
Here, for instance, is a peanut peddler.
She is a black girl with plugs in her
ears. The red shelled nuts are spread
out on a mat in bodies of 10, each pile
selling for twelve cowry shells, or one
tenth of a cent. Farther over is a
woman selling tobacco at one-half
cent per twist. Each twist is the size
of my little finger, and those pack
ages of snuff wrapped up in leaves are
not quite as large. Soap and roasted
ants are sold In much the same way,
and so also are some kinds of im
ported goods. Here, for instance. Is a
AFGHANS AND THE KHYBER PASS
Mountaineers Don't Realize That War Is What Sherman Said It Was.
A
FGHANISTAN is again In a state'
of turmoil, and Great Britain
faces the prospect of another war
In these treacherous mountains where so j
many soldiers in the past 70 -years have
laid their bones. On three occasions the
Afghans have been fought, and beaten,
but -It is doubtful If thew have ever been !
fought hard enough. Their victors have
behaved with a magnanimity that ' has
been misinterpreted for weakness, and
have been too ready to forgive and for
get. One of the most warlike races on
the face of the earth, and as treacherous
as they are cruel, the Afghans have never
been taught that war with Great Britain
is anything but an exciting picnic, dan
gerous while it is going on. but easily
dropped when their chances of victory
disappear.
It "is doubtful if British policy ever
erred on the side of severity to a con
quered foe, although it must be said that
after the Indian Mutiny a terrible, though
fitting, revenge, was taken on the rebels.
The second Boer War was brought on be
cause the first war was 'not a complete
job, and now In Afghanistan a fourth war
is likely because humanitarians at home
have struck the swords from the hands
of the soldiers on the spot rn three ear
lier . occasions. However, the thorough
conquest of Afghanistan would likely
prove a task sufficient to -tax the re
sources of even the greatest nation on
earth, although the country contains only
30,000 square miles.
The Khyber Pass (also called Khal
ber), which figures In the news of the
day. Is the chief pass in the mountains
that separate the northern frontier of
India from Afghanistan. It is the main
road to ' Kabul, and was made passable
by the work of a generation or two of
British engineers. It passes through ter
ritory belonging to Afghanistan. The
situation is something like that to be
seen in a city where two lines of police
hold back threatening crowds while the
objects of the mob's hostility pass
, through to safety. The police. In the
present case, are native Afridis, com
ON LAKE VICTORIA P
l2Z5ySf,
man selling needles and thread. No one
here thinks of buying a whole paper of
needles or a whole spool of thread at
one time. The needles are divided up
Into blocks of two, three or five and
stuck into green cane; while the thread
is cut Into short lengths and wrapped
around bits of dried banana leaves and
thus sold.
In one corner of the market are the
butcher shops. AH meat Is quite cheap,
but there is no cutting of the carcasses
into steaks, chops and' roasts, as at
home. Each butcher has the dead body
and entrails of one animal lying be
fore him. They are usually spread on
the bloody skin of the animal which
has been killed on the spot where it Is
sold. The butcher chops and saws off
little chunks of meat, according to or
der, and he cuts up the entrails as his
customers want them. The demand for
the latter is as great as that for the
meat itself.
Under a tree in the market court
men and women are selling fish, fresh
and dried. The latter are arranged in
little piles of five, each the size of a
sardine, and they bring about 1 cent
pile. Nearby flour is sold. It is made
of millet and Is brought to the market
In closely woven baskets. Other mer
chants are selling the millet un ground.
One of the most popular places Is the
beer hall. This is in the large market
house, and is crowded with customers.
The barkeepers are women who sit flat
on the floor beside great round stone
Jars that are apparently filled with
soapsuds, but really with banana beer,
which has a foam somewhat like live
lager. The beer Is ladled out Into
gourds, and the customers take It away
sucking it through straws as they go.
The liquor is strong, and we frequently
manded by white men. For some years
previous to 1896 the officers were natives,
too, but in that year the troops so offi
cered proved unable to withstand the at
tacks made by the Zakka Khels, the
waspish tribes that were recently chas
tised by General Sir James Willcocks.
Mention of the Khyber Pass re
calls the name of the Sale, and the ter
rible fighting of 70 years ago, at the
time of the massacre at Kabul. It
was in 1840 that Sir Robert Sale, the
original "Fghtlng Bob," after much
fighting In the mountains, led a force
into Kabul, and settled down there.
Peace was restored, the garrison was
reduced, and the idea that there was
no further danger to be apprehended
became general. The Khyber Pass
was kept open by natives, who re
ceived $20,000 a year from the Brit
ish government for their services. Then
the government decided that the $20,000
mlgth be saved, and the allowance to
the Afridis stopped. In October, 1811,
they took the war path, and the road to
India was closed. Sale at once sallied
.forth to clear the pass, and open up com
munications with India.
He started out with a force of some
2000 men and fought his way through the
mountains for three weeks, by which time
he was approaching Jelahibad. But his
ammunition was running low, much of his
transport had been lost or destroyed, and
he had 300 sick and wounded soldiers on
his hands. At this moment orders to
return to Kabul reached him, but he dis
obeyed them, whether wisely or not re
mains a moot point to this day. His
critics argue that if he had turned back
he would have nipped in the bud the out
break that had its terrible climax in the
massacre at Kabul a couple of months
later. The defense of Sale Is based on
the supposed impossibility of his fighting
bis way back. At any event, he continued
to Jelalabad, and later even to Peshawur.
Here he was besieged, and. given up
ror iosi oy tue wuisiuh woria, out event
ually he got Akbar Khan to come to
doss quarters, and In the battle that fol
pa&s drunken man and women.
The natives here are known as the
Basukumaa. They are ugly blaoks, and
they look savage enough. They are still
more so out In the country, where the
majority dress In cowskins with the hair
on. The women wear skirts of such sklne,
and the men fasten' them over their
shoulders, so that they oonceal little more
than the upper parts of the body. Here ill
Mwanza most of the men have only a
cloth about the waist, leaving the upper
part of the body bare. Babies are carried
on the bare backs of their mothers, be
ing fastened there by goatskin slings
Sometimes they are tied on with ; cords.
The Basukumas.
The most of the Basukumas are of a
strong negro type. They are tall and
well formed, but their skins are black
or very dark brown, and they have
thick lips and fiat noses. Their hair Is
woolly or kinky, and they have original
ways of dressing it. Some of the women
shave sections of the scalp, and a man
will often have & place as big around
as the bottom of a tin cup scraped off
at the crown. Sometimes this bare spot
Is covered with scars, made by cutting
and gashing it to cure the headache.
Others of the men are perfectly bald,
made so by the razor. They grease
their heads, and they shine like patent
leather dress shoes.
Many of the women divide their hair
Into small braids, and evidently shave
clean the partings between them. Others
twist the wool out into curls which stand
forth like little worms all over the head.
They are like angleworms, only black.
Imagine a thick-lipped brunette Medusa
who wears nsh bait instead of snakes.
and you have the typical Basukuma
beauty. Some of the more giddy of ths
belles tie shells and beads at the ends ol
these curls, so that they almost Jingle as .
they run. I have looked in vain for eye-.
lashes and eyebrows. The Basukumas
pull them out with tweezers. The men
also pull out their beards by the roots tn
the same way.
Natives Who File Their Teeth.
I find that many of the natives about
Lake Victoria beautify themselves by
filing their teeth. We have men from
different parts of the lake now working
at loading and unloading the steamer,
and, at my request, the captain brought
them up on deck and allowed me to ex
amine their jaws. He took each native
and held his mouth open while X looked
over his teeth. Some men had them
filed sharp, so that they looked just like
the teeth of a saw; others had certain
teeth missing, and I was told that they
had been knocked out, on the belief that
their absence would bring good luck or
ward off the bad spirits. This is so
among the Kavlrondo, who live on the
northeast side of the lake. They believe
that If a man retains all his lower teeth
he will be killed In battle, and that if his
wife does not pull out the two middle
front ones of the lower Jaw he surely will
die. For the same reason the woman
makes scars in her forehead, and also
gashes out a pattern over the front of
her abdomen. The Masai knock out the
two lower front teeth, and on the upper
side of Uganda, along the Nile, there are
tribes that pull out two or more of the
lower Incisors. This is the case with the
Banyoro, who live west of Uganda. They
extract the four lower front teeth. This
allows the upper ones to grow long, so
that they become shovel teeth In old age.
Mwanza, Africa.
lowed the Afghan leader was routed. It
was in this siege that there occurred a
remarkable Incident. Food was very;
scarce, but a lucky sortie yielded a flock.
of sheep. The native troops with General
Sale, though suffering from hunger, in
sisted that their share of the meat should
be given to the white troops, because
they said the white men fieeded animal
food more than they. It is such inci
dents as this that are so frequently
quoted to prove the native loyalty to Brit
ish Institutions; but while they are to be
acknowledged, it Is dangerous to- allow
them to obscure the real situation in
India. At the moment it is grave, as the
report of the plot to assassinate Euro
peans proves. The fire that is lit in the
Khyber Pass may burn down to the Cal
cutta bazaar unless vigorously stamped
out. It i3 comforting to reflect that the
man on the spot. Lord Kitchener, has an
iron heel. Toronto Mail.
Xot Charmed by Big Cities.
New York Press.
The George W. Vanderbilts have
found themselves so much at home in
Washington. D. C, that they prac
tically have withdrawn themselves en
tirely from society in New York. Their
time now Is divided between Biltmore,
N. C, and their. new home in the Capi
tal. Of course, they continue to spend
part of each year in Paris, but there
are signs that Mrs. Vanderbilt, who
was the stately Edith S. Dresser, la
losing her old Interest In the forclsrn
city and infinitely prefers the Bilt
more country life. Even when in
Washington, D. C, Mrs. - Vanderbilt
spends much time outdoors and it is
rarely the week-end does not find her
in Biltmore entertaining many guests.
She is a capital horsewoman and one
of her chief delights is her husband's
prize kennel. She also has shown skill
in shooting over the Biltmore coverts,
and altogether is a fine type of the
vigorous, outdoor loving society
woman.