The Sunday Oregonian., March 01, 1908, Magazine Section, Page 3, Image 47

THE SUNDAY OREGOXTAX, PORTLAND, MARCH 1, 1D08.
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needed for the passenger to quit ,
his car from the time he gets on in New
York till -he a lights In Havana.
The problem of building this road of
marvels was complicated by the tftoufrht
of the terrific hurricanes that have their
breeding place in the West Indies. The
force of these gales is repeatedly shown
in the terrific havoc not only on the
Florida coast, but as far along the Gulf of
Mexico as 'Mobile. .
A railroad that would withstand these
typhoons must be stoutly built. The great
storm of a year ago, which ravaged Ja
maica, did serious damage to all the work
which was In the course of building and
had not yet been made secure.
All except some of the structural stone
had to be carried to the scene of opera
tions, and the money outlay in doing the
work has been of a kind to stagger tho3e
not used to dealing with figures in large
amounts.
In some parts of the trip the passenger
is entirely out of sight of land, and has
the novel experience of seeming to be as
completely at sea as if taking a ride on
an ocean liner. .
In the course of the many projects to
overcome the inacessible are many novel
and wonderful constructions, but none
that appeal more impressively to the im
agination than this amphibious railroad.
Various forms of the incline railway
have been found valuable aids in bringing
the inaccessible closer to earth. Johns
town, Pa., scene of the terrible flood of a
couple of decades ago, -has one that
opened up a whole new section on the
heights overlooking the town, and gave
an aristocratic residence section on a .site
that had formerly been a barren moun
tain waste.
Up a Mountain Side.
An Inclined railway, of somewhat simi
lar type, but far greater dimensions, has
Just been completed at Bozen, in the
Tyrol.
The mountain of Wirelwarte has always
been famed tor the beautiful view it afforded-of
the town of Bozen and the sur
rounding country. But the ascent was of
such a difficult nature that only a small
percentage of tourists were ever able to
get up to the height from which the pros
pect could be enjoyed.
This fact suggested the building of the
new road. Now it is possible to go
straight up the mountain, all the way to
the top in speed, comfort and safety.
The work involved serious engineer
ing difficulties, for the grade is a very
sharp one, and it was necessary to take
extraordinary precautions to make sure
that the cars could not leave the track.
Each car carries 36 passengers, and
ternational effort to remove ,Jhe bar
riers which nature has erected against
the world's free intercourse
Suggested by the Sufis Canal, which
has perhaps been the greatest time
and money saver of any engineering .
device of a century, a waterway be
tweeen the Atlantic and Pacific has
been the dream of half a dozen nations.
French financier sank fortunes in
their attempt to make a cut between
the two towns bf Colon and Panama,
located on either side of the 40-mile
strip of country, which haa for cen-
turies compelled the- long trip either
around Cape Horn or through the Strait
ofMagellan.
New Transcontinental Lines.
. Now for. the first time the project ia
being pushed, with completion a cer
tainty of the next decade.
Other countries in the Pan-American
district are feeling the new life which
has taken possession of the country
since the beginning of the century.
A most interesting railway connect
ing the Gulf of Mexico with the Pa
cific Ocean haa just been completed. It
is known as the Tehuantepec 'National
Railway.
The railway terminus on the' eastern
side is Coatzocoalcos, and on the west
ern shore Salina Crux. The former
part Is approached through the Gulf
of Campeche, and the new harbor at
Salina Cruz will be approached
through the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Botht
these places are connected with varU
ous cable systems.
The railway, which penetrates a wild
and mountainous district, is expected
to take a prominent place as a con
necting link between the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans.
Building this railroad meant more
than work on land. Salina, Cruz had
an Ideal location to. be the terminus
of such a project. It had everything
to recommend it but a harbor. There
fore the proprietors of the road, In
order to provide a port for commerce,
set themselves the task of building a
harbor. They erected two large break
waters and dredged to a depth of 30
feet.
Tunneling under river beds to make
a roadway for railroads and trolleys
has become so common that It no lon-
INACCKSSIBI.K is a word that is be
ing banished from the geographies
by the skill of the modern engineer.
All over the world places It was once
deemed impossible to reach are being
girdled with railroads. Locomotives
are being sent up mountain sides so
steep that it was once considered a
feat for the during Alpine climber to
scale them; mountains are being tun
nelled to shorten routes and give ac
cess to countries that were once far
removed from the path of travel.
In the United States the unheard-of
exploit of sending a railroad to sea has
Just been pushed to a successful con
At the present rate of progress there
will In ten years be few points that It
is not possible to reach in a comfort
able Pullman seat.
Not so 1 cm g ago It was considered a
remarkable feat to have climbed to the
top of Pike's Peak. A burro was used
In the earlier stages of the ascent, but
the climb ended in arduous footwork,
where the success of the exploit de
pended on courage and the guide's
knowledge of the route.
That day has now passed and a rail
road runs to the top of the peak, with
speed and comfort for the passenger
and Infinite saving of time.
The Jungfrau used to be the aspira
tion and the despair of the mountain
climber of a generation ago. The
modern tourist has nothing more dif
ficult to do than produce the price of
his ticket, and get there by train.
All through the Alps tunnels are be
ing driven, which have had the result
of facilitating travel to a degree never
possible while this chain of snow-clad
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mountains stood In the way as
nianent barrier to progress.
Coral Insects Make a Roadbed.
' So many centuries ago that the count
Is lost, the zoophytes on the Florida
coast began working for Henry M.
Flagler. They didn't know it, neithei
did mankind for hundreds of years, but
these coral makers, so tiny as to es
cape the scrutiny of the naked eye, and
working go slowly that years show
only slight progress, were laying the
foundations on which was to be built
that wonderful railroad that goea to
sea.
The coral strand and Its accretions
resulted in the formation of a chain rft
tiny islands, some of them only in evi
dence at low tide. Then came the
wonder worker, Henry M. Flagler,
Standard Oil magnate and virtual own
er of Florida, to dream the wonderful
plan of an all-rail line that would go
from New York to Havana.
His was the thought of taking '.he
dangerous reefs which in the past were
the terror of navigation and making
them the foundation for the structural
work of a railroad such as the world
has never before seen.
Not all of the way could be taken over
the reefs, for there are Intervals where
the floor of the ocean finks, and Is always
covered with eld Neptune's element. In
places like this the concrete foundations
had actually to be placed right on the
bed of the ocean. Not less than 14 miles
of the road thus far finished is built in
this way.
Cuba Haif a Say Nearer.
Two-thirds of the work it now accom
plished, the road being finished as far as
Knight's Key. Even this much of the
journey brings Cuba half a day nearer to
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the United States. Ip an other year
when the remaining forty-seven miles
to Key West shall have been opened,
the distance between Uncle Sam end
his island ward will have been still
further reduced. Havana and Key West
are only 90 miles apart, and it is planned
to Join the two by a ferry service, which
will take the trains themselves straight
through Thus never for an instant will
it Is a wonderful sight to see them
making their way up the face of the
mountain, whose ascent was once so
hazardous that only the moet experi
enced guide could safely lead the tour
ist to the top, that goal which was
the desire of every lover of the pictur
esque The Panama Canal will mark anoth
er wonderful triumph in the great in-
ger excites any attention; gravity"
roads, gaining the motion entirely
through gravity, are common in every
mountainous country, the Mauch Chunk
Switchback being'' the best example in
the East, but railroads that run to sea
or Into the clouds are modern devel
opments that show nothing can daunt
mankind In his purpose to attain' th
inaccessible.
CLEVELAND'S INFIRMARY
GROUP OF BUILDINGS.
CLEVELAND. O., Feb. 17. (Special.)
Cleveland's new farm colony plan
for grouping all its corrective, char
itable and sanitary institutions is pro
gressing rapidly. The infirmary group.
Including the notable central quadrangle.
Is now under course of construction. The
trusties' lodges for workhouse prisoners
a mile and a half away now shelters 100
prisoners, and more than 100 tubercular
patients are Jn the temporary buildings
of the tubercular division nearly a mile
distant in another direction, while many
have been sent back to the city cured
within the past year. The total area of
the great farm has been increased until
It now comprises three square miles, ten
miles from the Cleveland Public Square.
The infirmary division when fully com
pleted will be the finest In the world.
The service quadrangle alone covers an
acre of ground, and most of It Is two
stories high. In the center is an open
court, around which is a laundry, bakery,
kitchen, power-house and other like de
partments. Plom each corner of the
quadrangle the dining-rooms and separate
cottHgrs are to radiate after the manner
shown In the accompanying Illustration,
inilll the whole resembles a village. Peo
ple of like tastes whose company will be
congenial to each other will be grouped
In these cottages. There are now HMO
people In the city infirmary departments
of Cleveland awaiting the completion of
hese buildings at the farm which build
ings are to entirely take the place of
those down In the city.
During the recent cold weather when
work has also been scarce, the wards
of the city necessarily increased. Many
prisoners are working in the stone quar
ries on the farm, while others are as
sisting in other lines of work. These pris
oners do not go about their work with a
ball and chain attached to their foot and
they sleep at night without Iron bars on
the windows or heavily armed guards
.watching their every move. Those who
prove unworthy of this treatment are sent
back to the workhouse In the city. Event
ually a building will be erected on the
farm for such cases as can not be trust
ed, but as far as possible prisoners will
not be confined behind Iron bars.
Killed Gorilla of
500 Pounds
A GORILLA six feet tall and weigh
ing more than 500 pounds la one
of the latest trophies of H. Paschen,
who has for years hunted the monster
species of the monkey family for
pleasure and profit. He has shot and
mounted scores of them, but the SCO
pounder was bagged under conditions
more exciting than ever Defore. 1
Mr. Paschen Is widely known among
the natives in the sections where he
hunts, and his unerring aim lias made
him little short of a hero among th?m.
They go to him whenever fear of ani
mals stir them. The story of how Mr.
Paschen bagged the big beast is told
by Harold J. Shepstone in the Scientific
American.
One day, as Mr. Paschen was
strolling a little way from hunting
headquarters, natives confronted him
and begged him to save them from
attack, by a "big monkey" which had
suddenly appeared and frightened
them.
Accompanied by about 80 natives,
Mr. Paschen set out to find the "mon
key." It was In a dense and swampy
thicket where the natives said the
animal was hidden.
After much difficulty the beast was
diHcovered hiding in a tree, but so situ
ated that the hunter could not get a
shot. While the- natives stood cower
ing in the background Mr. Paschen
took out his bush knife and cut a path
to the tree. As he stood directly at
the foot, the gorilla, whose curiosity
had been aroused, thrust his head
through the foliage.
Mr. Paschen was ready. A report
rang out and the gorilla fell with an
ugly wound In bis Jaw. . He was not
killed, however, and In falling caught
the lower branches of the tree. With
Its peculiar cry the gorilla made ready
to attack the hunter below.
Before the gorilla could spring Mr.
Paschen's second shot struck him in. a
vital spot and he fell to the ground,
dead.
The skin and bones were embalmed,
shipped to Europe and mounted by a
Hamburg taxidermist.
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FARM WHERE CRIMINALS. SH'K ANIJ THE DEFICIENT ARB CARED FOR..
HUNTING THE CARIBOU
WITH ESQUIMAUX IX ALASKA.
THE only man who navigates the Arc
tic Ocean in a gasoline launch Is a
young Rochester! an who is on his way
home from the Bering Straits, says the
Rochester Post Express. Alexartder
Allen left Rochester some years ago to
seek a fortune digging for "color" in
Alaska in the rich gold fields that lie
beside and behind Nome, but when a
two years' stake did not bring him a for
tune he loaded a gasoline launch to the
scuppers with everything from Teddy
bears to harpoons and started his hyper
bolean trading cruise.
When Mr. Allen arrived with a full
laden cargo of Killaturruck, shortly
after the hunters of the village had re
turned from Inland points distant 500
miles, he saw them engage in games and
contests after finishing their bartering.
The boys played football and the men
ran races. The game consisted in kick
ing what looked yke a baseball made out
of raw sealskin and stuffed with caribou
hair, and the running track was merely
the round of a lake the circumference of
which measured between 30 and 40 miles.
These efforts to play and race while clad
in the ordinary warm fur constumes
seemed to fatigue neither boys nor men.
The runners acquire their remarkable
power of endurance and tenacity through
contending with exigencies while hunt
ing In the Winters. After they leave
the Summer camp by the ocean Inlet and
move a probable 400 miles inland each
family Is separated and located on a cer
tain section.
But in times when food or' clothing is
scarce a chief "hunter haa to proceed
an even farther stage inland, and leaves
to others the trapping of smaller al
though perhaps .richer game, while he
hunts necessaries. The mink, marten,
Hudson Bay sable and black-tipped er
mine are shot and caught near the family
camp, while the chief hunter or best run
ner toes off hv himself to hunt caribou
or moose, according to longitude. Soma
follow the same runs year after year,
and of course in those cases the
hunter knows beforehand fairly accu
rately where he will locate to hunt; but
other herds, again, never return to tha
same feeding grounds, and then tha
hunter seeks them.
He pitches a leanto and starts a Ions
and patient watch when he reaches a dis
trict he feels the caribou will graze
through. During the 'few daylight hours
he does not .close an -eye or cease wearily
to scan each recurring sign of game, and
for days he will squint and smoke and
watch with Indian stoicism and Roman
faithfulness.
If meat be scarce and the camp apt to
be starved out, and the hunter has been
dispatched more to replenish the larder
than to secure pelts for clothing, he na
sooner spies a herd than he prepares tj
stalk it, indifferent whether the numbed
be 10 or 10,000.
The hunter buckles on his snow shoes,
sticks a few fish inside his parka shirt
gVIps his gun and precious spyglass and
sets out to approach the herd and follow
Its trail. He hurriedly leaves his shelter
ing leanto intact and takes only the most
meager portion of his already light pro
visions. The sport then much resembles stalking
goat in the Rockies or deer in the high
lands 'of Scotland or chamois in the Harts
Mountains of Bavaria, with the important
exception that it is more strenuous.
He knows that he can rur down any
herd of reindeer that feeds south o
Point Barrow. When he sees the herd
stampede on Its wild and headless race
he starts off on a dog trot he can keep utj
longer than can the hounds In any men
can or British pack. He keeps running
on and on, his head bent slightly for
ward, the weight of His rifle and shoes
thrown well up on his shoulders almost
onto the nape of his neck.
The hunter does not stop, for he can
easily track the trail by night. He staves
off hunger by munching a few bites of
frozen fish, for the Esquimaux is not sen
sitive to serviette nice tie, but eats bones.
Gills, tail and alL