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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 15, 1907)
1 ,v n THE SUNDAY QREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, SEPTE3IBER 15, 1907. r9om METHODS OF THi MBN WHO CREATED TKB GREAT GERMAN EMPIRE 1 ADOPTED IN j DETAIL v 1 JAPAN'S extraordinary success of the last decade Is the result of a faith ful Imitation of another wonder fully successful nation. . Germany Is Japan's model. Thirty-five years ago, when the Mi kado's land began to feel the first thrill of the new life, the counselors of the ruler sought a model which could be followed in the effort for a new and progressive national exist-, ence. Germany, at that time In full flush of the wonderful triumph over the French, a victory that gave the Father land cn impetus that has carried It forward In leaps and bounds, attracted Nippon. The German Empire had . just been newly formed out of a heterogenous collection of states that hitherto had had little in common, and between whom only discord had reigned. Yet so perfect was the system evolved by the genius of Emperor William, Count von Moltke and Bismarck that the new nation had been able to overwhelm the French, the nation that produced Na poleon, greatest soldier of the century, and which only a few years before the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war had emerged a victor in the struggle Tor the freedom of Italv. Here -was the country whose career Japan wished to emulate. The imita " tlve Orientals made a study of the Fatherland, its government, its Insti tutions, its military and governmental tystems. v And so faithful has been the Imita tion that in a few years Japan has emerged from almost barbarity Into one of the world's first half dozen powers. The story of how Japan elected to follow in the footsteps of Germany, , was told recently by General Baron Nishi. Inspector-General of Military In struction in the Japanese Army, who has spent many years in Germany tudylng the military system, of the War Lord's domain. He drew many parallels to prove his case. Just as Germany had a war of prep aration to get ready for the main strug gle that was to make or break the na tion, so had Japan. ' Germany, or that part of It then known as Prussia, first tested the efficiency of its military system against Austria in 1866, and scored a speedy victory. In this conflict the best military minds of the nation were engaged In a close study of the art of warfare. Vne strength and weakness of the army was inspected with minutest care. This war meant nothing but preparation for the greater conflict soon to come. .And when Ger many met France, she was ready for that war because the equipment used against Austria four years oefore had been de veloped and prepared, Improved and in creased. So with Japan. The quarrel with China afforded a convenient pretext for a struggle that would give data, would enable Oyama and other foremost mili tary authorities to se Just how formid able was the military and naval engine they had been building up. The triumph was quick and complete. What faults were discovered were rem edied in time for the war with Russia, and in that struggle It is well known that the giant of the north was caught napping, and lost to the foe that had been alert. Germany was ready. France was not. Bo anxious was Bismarck, for war in 1870 that the famous forged telegram of urns was ma.de to afford a pretext for an In stant declaration. Taking a lesson from this subterfuge, the Japs similarly precipitated the strug gle with Russia, by attacking the Russian ships at Port Arthur and Chemulpo be fore war had been formally declared. This initial victory of. Admiral Togo crippled the Muscovites at the very start of the conflict, being a blow from which they never fully recovered. The prise for which Germany fought was the rich one of Alsace and Lorraine, and Japan, not to miss ah opportunity AMERICANS TAKING UP DIABOLO An Old IABOLO, the game which Paris has revived In the last couple of years, is being taken up at the Summer re sorts In America, and for a very good reason It has been discovered that It is a wonderful beauty exercise and flesh re ducer. It Is not so violent as tennis, nor does It require a court, but it calls for skill, and excessively graceful postures are assumed when the Intricacies of the sport are mastered. At the Summer resorts the game has been Introduced by returning travelers, who exhibit the novelty on piazzas and entertain their friends with a display of their prowess. In the ballrooms the game Is turned into a dance during the after noons, piano music making an accompani ment. It looks very simple, but the beginner will find that the knack of balancing and catching the dancing bobbin demands skill and dexterity. Celerity of move metn and quickness of Judgment are nec essary to avoid blunders. The whole body Is admirably exercised, Shoulders are thrown back and forward, the body is bent and turned constantly, the throat is exercised as the eyes follow the spool, and the legs and arms are con tinually in motion. Beyond that the sport for some reason or other produces postures far more graceful than tennis. It Is the poise of the .body rather than Jumping or rushing to meet the bail that brings success. Americans playing on board ship during a trip recently, from Havre report that in six days they managed to reduce their weight, without intending to do so, by from 10 to a dozen pounds, through daily practice with dlabolo. This has adver tised the sport as a beauty exercise, for the Summer resort woman learns that the restful piazza life tends to add to her flesh to an alarming extent after a week or so out of town. Like ail new games, dlabolo it. really a very ancient game "the devil on two sticks." It was revived by two French men, Rene and Marcel Phillppart, who have given exhibitions of their skill at French resorts during the past two sea sons. The paraphernalia required Is very sim i1. t - -v." - .3. - F1ELP MAMMAL COUNT HELMUTM VON MOLTKE-, GERMANV'5' . GREAT TACTICIAN of living tip to the model, appropriated Corea for Its meed of success In the struggle that resulted In the defeat of Russia. Japan has its Bismarck, too, in the person of a great leader, the Marquis Ito. Bismarck Is given the credit of creating modern Germany. He deserves it. He waa both the soldier and tue construct ive statesman. When he was recalled from St. Petersburg in 1862 to deal with the crisis, he was appointed Prime Min ister and Minister of Foreign affairs. His remarkable diplomacy, which suc cessively drew Austria and France into war, made them both look to be In the wrong, earned Germany the sympathy of the nations, resulted in great victories and finally in the unity of the German Empire all represented his master system. When the German Empire was pro claimed at Versailles in 1871, the great work of Bismarck appeared to be ended, but he held the reins of power, building up and strengthening Germany, at home and abroad till the quarrels with the stubborn William II sent him Into retire ment. The Japanese Bismarck, the Count Hl roumbl Ito, born In 1840, made a visit to Germany in his youth, and discovered that the, civilization of Japan so much vaunted at home was far Inferior to what they knew in the fatherland. He also made a tour of Europe, and even came to the United States, but his pref erence was ever for German Ideas, and he became thoroughly Imbued with the thought that Japanese progress was Iden tified with a scheme of government that closely as possible would approximate what Bismarck schemed for the land of the Teuton. Ito's first work for Japan was to es tablish a mint at Osaka, then he became Minister of Public Works, and on re visiting Europe in 1SS0 he had come to be French Game Seen at Summer Resort ple and inexpensive, although there are elaborate sets for the use of grown up players. These are made with bamboo rods and silken strings, the bobbins being of celluloid with rubber protectors. These sets cost to or 6 and will probably stand the wear and tear of continual playing better than the lighter implements. Each bobbin consists of two cellutold, cones finished with protectors at the base and Joined in the center, forming a per fectly balanced spool, through the Interior of which a spring runs. The two- rods or sticks are light In weight and less than two feet In length, united by a slender cord about two yards long. The player's object Is to balance the spool on the string to set it spinning rapidly! to throw It op Into the air and to catch It again, without touching the spool with the hands. Then it Is sent up into the air again and the more skilful the player the more frequently will he be able to repeat the performance and the higher will it sail Into the atmosphere. It can also be played by from two to four persons on a tennis court over a net two yards high. But before a player reaches this stage he must learn to manipulate the bobbin alone. Two beginners can practise together, throwing the spool from one to another and increasing the distance as they gain skill. Experts can play In this way over a space of 100 feet. Athletes using the game as a form of training acquire wonderful back strokes and left handed plays. The left handed player matched against an equally expert right-hand player makes a particularly graceful game. The first movement of the player is to maintain the spool on the spring, causing it to rotate rapidly. When thia is accom plished the bobbin Is lifted and projected suddenly into the air by sharply separat ing the wands, thus pulling the string taut. To catch It as it comes down the player alms at It with the extremity of the right hand stick. The rotation of the spool, which must be rapid in order to preserve its equilibrium, is obtained by raising and lowering the right arm, the left remaining almost motionless at hip level. The player must move so that the sticks remain always parallel with the axis of the dlabolo. If it Inclines to one side the player makes it horizontal by extending FIELP recognized as one of the foremost at modern statesmen. In 1886 he entered as Premier the re organized Cabinet of the Mikado, and thereupon inaugurated many of the mod ern movements whose fruits Nippon is reaping now. He was the father of the constitution which was promulgated In 1889, and which It is frankly admitted follows closely on the lines of the principles of German government. Like Bismarck, Ito was not content to remain statesman purely and simply. When the war with China came in 1894, the Premier took command of a Japanese fleet, and conducted himself with bravery and skill. Ito 'carried along the cause of modern Japan by his visits to the United States and Europe in 1897-1898, and again in 1901. He arranged the alliance in 1902 between Japan and China, and saw to it that his country got all the better of the new agreement. He was Premier again In 1902, and his voice has been potent in every Important council Europe has known in the last decade. In the west It is not possible to know all that Ito has done for Japan, and any Intelligent Japa nese will tell you that he has richly mer ited his comparison to Bismarck. When von Moltke, the great German tactician died, it was said that he left papers, behind him which contained mil itary plans of such farsightedness that the wars of the Fatherland for the next 30 years, with any nation, could be car ried to a successful Issue, by following out his plans. Happily Germany has had no war since the death of von Moltke, but the vital part he played in the successful issue of the Franco-Prussian struggle was always admitted even by Bismarck himself. Bis- Hotels. his right arm in the opposite direction to Its Inclination. It must not be sent Into the air until It has attained a sufficient swiftness of rotation. Experts and athletes wear tennis clothes and canvas shoes when playing, but the sport really requires no special uniform. Women can play it in evening dress, and as an after-dinner diversion It promises to be more popular than plngpong or pool at country houses and hotels. As an exercise for the arms and wrists EXERCISES it is excellent. And as a remedy for that much-dreaded trouble the double chin dlabolo seems specially invented. The ex ercise it gives the muscles of the throat and neck being entirely natural does not tend to disfigure the mouth as so many of the throat exercises practised before a mirror Beam to do. and the muscles are . MARSHAL OYAMA JABNS" VOW MOLTKE- f ? 1 ;:'T " - (H v ' . W? " if if PRVNCE 01SMARC THE IRON CHANCELLOR OFTHi FATHERUNO rendered firm after a week or two at the game. The skilled dlabolo player is to be dis tinguished by a clean cut chin, clear, quick eyes and beautiful hands. The waist also grows supple and the hips small, while the ankles and feet are particularly bene fited. Large calf development disappears and a graceful carriage in walking re sults. As the practice of the game renders the player particularly attractive, which is not the rule with most reduction exercises. It Is hardly to be wondered at that dlabolo has met with favor with women players. Curious Turtle Catching. Chicago Record-Herald. A curious mode of catching turtles is re.s.. AT DIABOLO practiced in the West Indies. It consists in attaching a ring and a line to the tail of a species of sucker fish, which is then thrown overboard and Immediately makes for the first turtle he can spy, to which he attaches himself very firmly by means of a sucking apparatus arranged at the ton of bis head. iflfrflfu'tiWlWll'mJ''ai V v, tr in la - sSV i rtM J : 1 PEARL-DIVING NOT DANGEROUS Former Naked Divers HE era of naked divers exposed to I peril from sharks has passed away. Modern progress equips the pearler with a suit of India rubber, copper breastplate, with leaden weights back and front; hel met, glass panelled and with telephonic attachments; air pipes, life lines and a submarine searchlight. Thus equipped the pearl diver may spend six or eight hours at the bottom of the sea, where as In olden times three minutes made a record. Although pearls are found In nearly all molluscs and even in univalves, like the Australian hahotls, a kind of barnacle, true pearls are produced only by the pearl oyster or mother of pearl shell. The lat ter Is really the diver's 'bread and butter. The Shells are as big as dinner plates and weigh two pounds when cleaned. They fetch from $500 to 750 a ton. The ancient fisheries were chiefly in the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf, but now adays the best pearls come from Ceylon and from Australian waters, especially Torres Straits. Pearl fishing in Ceylon is a Government monopoly. In March the fleet starts for the pearling grounds, each vessel with 20 or 30 divers and their as sistants'. But you wiil find their head quarters of pearling in the desolate coun try extending from Exmouth Gulf to King Sound, in Western Australia. Chinese and Malays as well as tribes of native black fellows are there today, but the old nude divers, the reign of terror and piracy when a large haul was made these and similar conditions have passed away, giving place to fleets of luggers carrying modern diving outfits and repre sentatives of the Inevitable capitalist in the person of the master pearlers. Here Is 600 miles of coast line, with perhaps 5090 hardy adventurers en gaged In the pearl trade. There are some thousands of Japa nese, Manilamen, Malays and men of other races acting chiefly as crews for the vessels. The vessels are schooner rigged and from seven to fourteen tons burden. Each carries a master diver and a crew of four, one of whom Is the diver's assistant and works the air pumps. The shells are found on ledges about 90 feet down In the sea, but they are far more plentiful at greater depths. Fortune awaits the Inventor of a div ing apparatus which will enable the zctr MAROUI5" ITO, THE; eIS"MAr?CK OF JAPAN Imarck was the man of action; von Moltke the planner. SlTrtdaflir In rnn Vm a a nlann.r In tha f a - mous Field Marshal Oyama, under whose Ideas were fought the struggle with Rus sia. It is not denied that at every point at preparedness, provisioning its men and all the tactics that go to carry warfare to a successful struggle, Oyama had out fought Kuropatkln and all the other fa mous leaders of the Czar's army. This was merely another vindication of von Moltke, for the Japanese tactician had studied the war plans of the German down, to the smallest policy and merely applied them In a new field. So In the Colonial policy. Japan recog nizes that Its own area Is too circum scribed for a world power such as It as pires to be. Therefore, the absorption of Korea. And there will be further en croachments, the system in every case being based on the methods used by Ger many In acquiring and controlling terri tory. Torn Trousers Graft. Here is the story of a graft so simple and effective that some enterprising stranger to work should patent It. It was practiced by a New York genius and had its tryout on the respectable upper West Side of this city, says the Ner York Sun. The originator set out dressed as a workman, his clothes rusty but neatly patched. Arriving in the neighborhood he had decided to work, he stepped into an areaway and, hauling out a knife, slit the right leg of his trousers from the hip to knee. Next he produced a newspaper, spread Replaced by Men in Armor Who Stay pearler to work In comfort a hundred fathoms down. A good day's work Is anything more than 200 pairs of shells. The business Is absolutely speculative. One diver may gather ton after ton of shells without securing anything of greater value than a few seed ' pearls, while another may take a fortune of a day's gathering. ' The most famous pearl discovered In Australia of late years Is known as the Southern Cross. It consists of a cluster of nine pearls In the shape of a cross. This freak of nature was picked up at low water on the Laclpede Island by a beachcomber named Clark, who, after burying It for some time for superstitious reasons, sold it for 150: later It fetched $50,000. The worst enemy the Australian pearl divers have are the storms that annually visit the coast.' As to sharks, they rarely attack a diver in modern dress, and he can always frighten them off when they persist in follow ing hlra by letting a few air bubbles out of his dress. Other enemies are the sea snakes, the smaller octupus, the stingray and the blowflsh. After a day's take of shell has been conveyed ashore the shell opener gets at work at once. The pay of the men is $30 a month, plus 10 per cent on the value of the pearls found. Some idea of the magnitude of the industry may be obtained on learning that last year 520 luggers paid an annual $5 license to engage in the trade and thef took many thousands of tons of pearl shell; while as to the pearls themselves, the customs duties in the pearl town of Broome exceeded $500 a month. The treasury authorities of Western Australia estimate they receive at least $103,000 a year In dues from the pearlers. Hardly a month passes without the discovery of "teardrops of the ocean" having a market value of from $5000 to $15,000 each. A beauti ful pink pear shaped specimen weigh ing 206 (grains was found last season and sold for $83,000. Before setting pearls are classified according to size on a setting board, and the delicate work of drilling a valuable specimen Is Invariably done by an old-fashioned hand apparatus. Moreover, no matter how valuable a JLOUIS" NAPOLEON iS LETTER OF .SURRENDER. AT fE.OA.ti. it out and held it over the slit in his trousers. Leaving the arnaway, he hur along the silewalk, making apparently a great effort to hold the newspaper In place. The wind was blowing and whoever cared to look noticed the man's predica ment. At the steps of a big house in Seventy-second street he stopped and pre tended to tie the paper about his leg. By a perhaps not a verv strange chance, since the hour was 5:15 P. M., the owner of the house appeared. The grafter greeted the man briefly lifted the newspaper and" remarked: "I Just had an accident over on Colum bus avenue. Truck shoved me against a stake and tore me pants awful. Wonder If you could lend me some safety pins?" It was successful. From that house the man carried away isot only a readily salable pair of trousers, but a nat and coat as well. A quick trip to a corner saloon to deposit his bundle and the tale of the torn trouscr leg was carried to another house in the bloc2. An observer with more sheer curiosity than police Instinct wabched the collec tion of six bundles from six houses in Seventy-second street before he reluc tantly left fhe window and went In to dinner. The Infallible ditor. "Lafcadlo Hearn, the -wonderful writer, worked on newspapers In his youth," said a publisher, "and the rutthless way his stories were changed, cue and butchered was a great woe to his "heart. "In after years Hearn took & malicious Joy in collecting stories about editors editors and their superior and omniscient way with manuscript. "One of his stories was of an editor to whom a subscriber said: " 'I enjoyed that poem on the three ages of .man In today's papr. Mr. Sheers; I enjoyed it Immensely. Do you knw, though, I thought that It was originally written the seven ages of -man?' "'So It was, sir; so It wao.' said Ed itor Sheers pompously. "Yes, the ex tract was originally written the seven ages of man, but I had to cut It down for lack of space." "Another story concerned a weather report. A reporter, discussing the weather, wrote that Winter still lin gered In the lap of Spring. "The editor, as he read over ths ar ticle, called the reporter up to his desk and told him that he would cut out that sentence about Winter linger ing in the Spring's lap. He said the Idea was good enough and original and all that sort of thing; but It would not do to publish it because the high moral tone of the paper had to be maintained In a town full of high school girls." He Kept His Head. As the Adriatic plowed her way through soft blue Summer seas, a group of tourists In the smoking-room talked of the horrors of Are on shipboard. "Fire in a theater is a bad thing, too." said Clyde Fitch, the famous dramatist, "yet it has its funny side. "I remember an Incident that happened In Concord. The villain in a Conc-ord melodrama, as he lighted his cigarette, set a newspaper ablaze, and a great fir scare arose. "Amidst this scare, as the panic-stricken audience struggled and howled and fought, a fat man galloped up to the boi office and shouted in an angry and ac cusing voice: " Theater's afire. Gimme my money back." Under Water for Hours. set of pearls may be they are invaria bly strung on fine silk thread. A Good Retort. "The late Robert Plnkerton. of the great detective agency," said a Chicago detec tive, "was a religious man, and he liked nothing better than to listen to a, good, liberal, intelligent sermon. "H9 was once talking to me about ths change for the better that has come over American sermons in the past ten 01 twenty years. He said sermons were gentler than thy used to be. They no longer reeked of fire and brimstone. "Once," he said, he heard a famous evangelist preach In San Francisco. Tha evangelist shocked his congregation a good deal. He told them that his grand mother had been a good and moral wom an, but she had never professed religion, and therefore he was confident that at that moment the aged lady was suffering eternal torment. "A young man rose at this, and with look of disgust started for the door. The evangelist pointed an accusing finger at him.. " 'There is a young man,' he cried, 'who is also on the downward path.' "The young man turned. His face was very red. But he smiled pleasantly, and said, in a loud, pleasant voice: " 'Is there any message I can take Ui your grandmother, sir?" " How the JLast Man Will Live. Metropolitan Magazine. The earth is ever radiating away heat into space. And so at last come a vision of earthly cherubim, hopping hads, great unemotional intelligences, and little hearts, fighting fiercely to gether perforce and fiercely against the cold that grips them tighter and tighter. , For the world Is cooling slowly and inevitably it grows colder as the years roll by. "We must im agine these creatures, " eays the pro fessor, "in galleries and laboratories deep down in the bowels of the earth. The whole world wiil be snow covered and plied with Ice; all animals, all veg etation vanished, except this last branch of the tree of life. The last men have gone even, deeper, following the diminishing heat of the planet, and vast metallic shafts and ventilators make way for the air' they need."