Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 18, 1906)
45 South .Carolina's Sen- v ator Speaks Frankly of Sprung From Ances tors Who Hated Shams His Own Personality, and Told the Truth. ...THE SUNDAY .OKEGONIAN, . PORTLAND, XOVE3IBER, 18, 1906. 1 gpfTA'l,; - - - -- ii:::..-. iiiriinmi "i " r -' -- BY JAMES B. MORROW. " w rASHINGTON, D. C. Nov. 12. (Special Correspondence of The Sunday Oregonlan.) Going Into a. Jence cforner for a figure of speech It ecarcely could be called a flower Senator Benjamin R. Tilman said: "I grew up as wild ag a jlmson weed in some respects." We had been talking of his childhood. First, however, he told why Ryan, fair ly submerged in blood, merciless, tireless, and stealthy as an Indian, had been made e. part of his baptismal name. The story was illustrative of the Tillmans their ravage devotion to truth, as they under stand it, and their sympathy with vio lence -when a cause seems to demand it. Ordinarily, Benjamin Ryan Tillman is es docile as a rabbit. -He may sit in the 6enate for days In tractabiltty. taciturn-. lty, and amiable dignity. Sometimes he Jias all the symptoms and the very front of Solomonic wisdom. In the twinkling of an eye he will be a roaring mixture of lion, tiger and hyena. Then words, fierce, biasing and ungovernable, rush to ar ticulation In a wild and furious torrent. Albeit, he was the slowest man I ever Interviewed I was with him three hours and about the most natural, affable and original. Now and then he took off one of his slippers and scratched the sole of Ibis foot. "The Ryan in my name came from an old Whig Captain, who served in the Revolutionary War," he said, in that drawl'Jwlth which Africa has softened and blurred the speech of the South. "He was the neighbor of my grand father, and a terrible man against the Tories. There were many Tories in South Carolina. They were a hird of the pop ulation, I guess. Ryan was a terror in II that region. The Tories fled to the timber, with -htm in hot pursuit. ' After the British captured Charleston, the Whigs and old Ryan took to the woods. Wildcats can get some pointers which will be new and useful in their own line of - business when relatives or neighbors go to fighting among themselves. "A party of English caught up with Ryan unexpectedly and made him a pris oner. There was an inclination and a purpose to butcher him on the spot, but he was a colonial officer, a soldier in , the law of war, and entitled to be treated as such. It was finally agreed, therefore, that he should be tied and taken to the nearest British post. But there was no rope. A young- man named Booth, a Tory, said he would go home and get a pair of cotton lines, used in those days for plowing. 'I'd give." and he grinned at Ryan, "a whole season in the corn field to see that old tied.' He brought the lines and Ryan was sent off. In pome way he got loose. Was rescued, maybe. The first thing he did was to notify Booth that he meant to kill him. Booth hid in the woods and Ryan couldn't find him. , Ryan's Horrible Revenge. "It was late in the Spring, when, one morning before the break of day, Ryan tmrled his musket in a pile of dead leaves , and climbed a bushy poplar tree near Booth's house. He waited all day. Wo men went to the spring to get water, bal ancing the buckets on their heads, as Is the practice in' the South, and one of . them put out a wash. Ryan kept on watching, there In the tree. "About an hour before sundown a sister of Booth went along the grass-bordered path to the spring. She had a wooden water bucket in her hand, and Ryan, right above her among the branches, saw something in It. When she got to the spring she looked cautiously about. (Seeing nothing, hearing nothing, she took a tin bucket out of the wooden..one and started on Into the forest. Ryan slid Ironi the tree, found his gun and stalked her, as he would a deer. She came to a log, where her brother met her. He ate and she talkd. Ryan purposely made a noise and they looked and saw him, mus ket in hand, only a few feet away. They fell on their knees and pleaded, but Ryan killed Booth right there in the presence f his sister. I couldn't have done such a horrible thing. I could hardly kill a dng. But Ryan, I suppose, thought he was justified. Booth had gone for the rope and Insulted him with a vile epithet. My grandfather named his spn after Ryan and the son, my father, gave the name to me." Tillman Pictured. Arising to his feet Senator Tillman went to the window, looking into the sunlight lor an instant over the rim of his eye glasses, out of which the left lens was mieslng, and walked back again. He Is of good height and beam. Careless in dress, wearing a frock coat and fresh linen, he tousles his short hair, more brown than gray, with his left hand, on the last finger of which there is a dia mond ring. Curiously enough, he writes with that hand as well as with the other. Complexion, dark. Jaw, square and solid as a chopping block. A mouth which turns downward at the corners. Rashness is Jn the short upper Hp. "A newspaper, in an article filled with discourtesy and un truth, said I had thick lips. Have I?" No; nor thin ones. A flat nose, thrown into the description, would have made the offense mortal. To the contrary, that feature of the strong and almost hand some face Is long and straight. The slow droop at the end Is Nature's mark of courage. His Mother. "And your father?" I asked. "He was a cotton planter, with 1S00 acres of land and about 50 slaves. At his death I was 2 years old my mother took up his family and business burdens. I was the youngest of nine living children, and two were dead. Everyone who knew my mother would tell you that she was an extraordinary woman. She always agreed with my wife when my wife dis agreed with me. Show me another moth er who will do that. She had great good sense, much dignity of character, and, presence, and was energetic and ambi tious. Shams, untruth and hypocrisy were detestable to her, not secretly, but open ly; and she showed it both by her speech and conduct. She added to her real and chattel property until she had several plantations, some 3500 acres of land in all, and 100 slaves. The average value of slaves, old and young, men and women, was, I should say, $1000 apiece. "My brother, a brilliant man, never could go to an auction without buying a field hand or two. In fact, he speeu ' lated In them, getting them near our home and taking them to Texas and Louisiana. Being a young fellow, and having Just started out for himself, his credit was not established, and my mother indorsed his notes. So she came to owe $20,000. slaves being a little drag In the market at that time, and I was taken from school that I might help her. I rode about the country for a year, paying bills and canceling notes. Through her business genius and my activity, we reduced her indebtedness to $5000." Taught by President Arthur's Sister. . "Where did you go to school?" "My first teacher was Anna Arthur, sister of Chester A. Arthur, who became President of the United States. When my speculative brother was at Harvard he heard of Mrs. Emma Willard, founder of the Troy Female Seminary, in New York, author of 'Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep," and instructor and trainee of teach ers, who were sent Into all parts of the country. My mother wrote to her and she recommended Anna Arthur. A little schoolhouse was built on our home plan tation, some neighborhood children came, and my mother's nieces were sent to us from Florida. But I didn't get much schooling. I grew up as wild as a jimson weed in some respects, especially in the matter of an education. "But I was a voracious reader of storiea Wo took Bonner's New Tork Ledger, and I and one of my brothers would race down the road for three miles to meet the stage, and then slowly walk home, one doing the reading and the other doing, the list ening'. When I was IS years old I was sent 30 miles away to Bethany Academy, and George Galphin, a local teacher of fine ability and wide renown. In-the two years I was at the academy I made con siderable progress In algebra, geometry, Latin and Greek. Then 1 was called home to help my mother collect money for my brother's debts. When I had leisure I read English poetry and fiction. Two of my brothers were in the Confederate army. They urged me to remain on the plantation, and my mother insisted upon it, saying I would be compelled to join the army, anyway, when I was 17. That was the law of the Confederacy. "I returned to Bethany, and boarded with an old teacher who was very poor. I didn't want to hurt his" feelings by quitting his house or telling him the truth, but I didn't get enough to' eat. My lunch was a corn muffin and a bot tle of sorghum molasses. I thought of the hams, chickens and good things at home, and was hungry, but not un happy. I worked hard, reading six books of Horace and the Aeneid, get ting into the Greek reader and doing splendidly In mathematics. At the end of the year I went home to spend a short vacation and to become a soldier. Then I. lost an eye. Gambetta, .the French statesman, plucked out one of his while a boy so that he wouldn't have to be a priest. I might have been a Colonel or a General if I hadn't gone in swimming. How He Lost an Eye. "I went, to a miHpond one day with a number of companions, and remained in the water for , three hours. While walking home in the hot sun I felt a pain In my left eye. I suppose I was run down by hard work at school and by the want of wholesome and nutri tious food. My eye, becoming worse, a physician was called. He said I had erysipelas. I suffered awfully, and finally my mother sent to Augusta, ALL THE WORLD ON TRIAL INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON FOR TODAY: "JESUS BEFORE CAIAPHAS." MATT. 26: 57-68: Trwlj'S "tries out all things and all 1 men. The builder must know the tensile strength of every timber and iron beam. The architect works days and weeks to figure the exact weight which the 30-story skyscraper will lay upon each separate square inch of the foundation. Chicago builds its massive Postoffice or Courthouse, and then shudders for fear it is founded on lake mud rathervthan on fi. rock. Not only are materials on trial for their enduring power they are ever being tested for perfomance. How heavy a load will the big derrick lift and swing safely through the air? The engines of the huge battleship how fast will they push her prow through the waves? The electric battery that gives power to your runabout how long can-you, rely upon it? Time teats all things. Much more does modern life test men. "What can you do?" is the challenge at every turn of the road. Promises are good for nothing. Ability Is, not enough. DeedVa must tell. On the sides of a great river men sink shafts and push tunnels toward each 'other. The miles of inter vening space lessen to rods and feet; how nearly will the workmen meet, down in the dark depths beneath the Hudson's currents and tides? Only a fraction of an Inch out of the way! such tests men must face in the places of business re sponsibility and commercial achievement. In all the testings and trials of men or things today there is the loudest of cries for "The Square Deal." The fighting chance must be a fair chance. Struggle is Joyous, the strenuous life a keen delight, if only one is sure that no trickery or fraud will rob en deavor of its due reward. Judgment ter rifies no true man, if only he knows that it will be Just. The dramatic incident of today's les son gives us the world's greatest miscar riage of justice, where there was a su preme call for equity and fairness. Who Is on trial? Jesus, the carpenter of Naza reth, the teacher of the multitudes, the healer of suffering men and woman. For what is he on trial? For his life. The witnesses? All who had met him in city street or country highway; all who had heard his words floating across the still waters of Gennesaret or filling the sacred courts of the Temple. Who are his ac cusers? The leaders of the Jewish church and nation. The scribes who eat in Moses' seat, who studied with eagle eye the minutest marks on every sacred scroll and argued with endless debate the petty problems of meaningless forms. The Pharisees who made broad their phylac teries and devoured widows' houses. The Sadducees who scoffed at a life to come, and cast doubt or denial upon the deep est hopes of the human soul. All these were the accusers of Jesus Christ. When was Jesus on trial? In the early hodrs of the dawn, while Jerusalem lay buried in sleep, and the multitudes dreamed of nothing so horrible as that the Great Teacher of Nazareth should suffer ill or injustice from the revered and saintly Sanhedrim. Most important of all. who was the Judge In this Btrange trial? In whose decision lay. the Issues of, life and , -;;v' - . . V' - , V Mil- I "v- ' .-V i 1 AM SMI W . irj $IX Copyright, Clinedlnst, Washington. ' SENATOR BENJAMIJf F. TILLMAN, OF SOUTH 13 miles distant, for the doctor whom we always consulted in serious cases. He confirmed the diagnosis of the other doctor. Well, in 10 days, perhaps, my eye burst. Then it was found that I had a fibroid tumor, the growth of which had caused me such intense agony and destroyed my eye. "I-was ill a long time. The war came to an end, but I had taken no part in it. I helped my mother in the manage ment of her affairs, and then bought a plantation in Florida. But my health was not good in that region, labor was dear and scarce, and I moved back to South Carolina. My mother gave each of her children a farm, and by her gift I came into the ownership of 400 acres of land." . "You were a planter until you were 39 years old, and until then had taken, no part in public matters?" "Yes, 1 was a farmer up to that time, and am a farmer now. I was. a good manager, even if I say" it, and made money with corn and cotton. Wholly without caution. Impulsive, and quickly coming to a decision, I do things, I death? sion, a pears. When that court begins its ses strange and startling sight ap- The Prosecutor on the Bench. Instead of the spotless ermine of the impartial hearer of facts and interpreter of law, we see the priestly robes and in signia of Caiaphas, who but a few weeks ago cried out in scorn and bitter hatred: "Ye know nothing at all, nor de ye take account that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not!" The Incarnation of hypocritical hatred and unflinching purpose, the man in whom centers "all envy and resentment and mal ice toward this wonder-worker whom the common people heard gladly Caiaphas is at once accuser and condemner, state's attorney and Judge of the last appeal! Amid all social unrest and discontent of the present hour, one phase of popular passion Is ominous above all things a doubt whether the modern court of law can be counted true and pure and sure. Has the bandage slipped from one eye of the symbolic goddess of justice, eO that she can catch the gleam of the golden bribe, and tip the scale toward the hand that proffers it? Has It indeed become impossible in our land to put behind prisdn bars the man who has millions of dollars? How keenly we fear such trav esties of Justice! And yet he who carried all the sorrows of mankind endured in si lence such superlatives of injustice. Was Jesns a Perjurer? Note the climax of this strange court scene. Under the darkness of night Caia phas and his allien have sought out wit nesses against the prisoner: but time al lows no coaching for united testimony. They cannot agree among themselves! With all the world of falsehood open to their grasp they cannot find two imple ments of falsehood which will not neu tralize each other. And so, baffled by repeated failure, the prosecutor-judge risks all on one desperate experiment. He will put the prisoner under oath; he will compel him. if he can, to furnish evi dence against himself, since adequate tes timony can neither be found nor made to order. "I put thee under oath. O Naza rene! Art thou the Son of God, the King of Israel?" To affirm the first would be blasphemy against Jehovah; to admit the second, treason against Caesar; to secure both admissions meant a clear case for either tribunal. "I am what thou hast said!" is the unfaltering answer. Was Jesuslying, or speaking the truth? Who can TTesitate in answering such a ques tion? There can be no stronger testimony to the reality of the claims of this man who was manifestly so much more than man. When the reply meant death, when the solemnity and the criticalness of the moment was apparent to all. Jesus speaks forth his strongest assertion of divinity and Messiahship. Wno dare dispute or be little such a solemn claim? From Prisoner's Dock to Throne. Listen again. The self-confessed guilt of the prisoner at the bar is followed by an astounding assertion. "Hereafter ye shall see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of power!" Ye shall see! Such prophecy transforms as by magic that dimly, lighted, courtroom. Tia humble suppose, which I might not do were I of a different temperament. In 1R81 I concluded to purchase more land. I bought it, together with a number of mules, and considerable machinery. Then we had a lean year. My cotton crop fell off $10,000. in value. I had good credit and was not hurt, but I was inconvenienced and worried. Ca lamity sometimes sets men to think ing. I had read agricultural period icals, and had been a stirring and pros perous man for South Carolina. For a year or two I gave the conditions which prevailed in my state much re flection, and pnte to the conclusion that the old order of things, the ante bellum habits and practices in farm ing, had to be changed. We had the best-organized and most complete aris tocracy in the world. It lived princi pally by land and politics. An honest aristocracy in public office, it was selfish, arrogant, and unprogressive. The planters left the management of their lands to negroes, and there was little intelligent agriculture and prac tically no rotation of crops. prisoner, bound with thongs and In the clutches of the Temple police, the throng ing witnesses, the circle of the Sanhedrim and Caiaphas at their head all are changed, as in the twinkling of an eye. The prisoner is unbound, the judge is unseated. The condemned criminal is seat ed on a kingly throne; his hand grasps the scepter of world-wide power, and Caiaphas, whose malignity sfnd unfairness out-Herods all of earth's worst prostitu tions of justice Caiaphas Is in the pris oner's dock, on trial. And not alone Caiaphas and the Sanhedrim, but you and I. and all men. In that hour of awful injustice, the judge was prosecutor. In that hour of future trial which awaits each one of us, the Judge may be our advocate; the law of the spirit of life may make us free from the law of sin and of death. The supreme teaching of this terrible yet fascinating scene Is the duty of being found ready when our Judge shall appear that each may hear him say: "Well done, good and faithful servant enter into the Jov of thy Lord!" THE-MARK OF MANHOOD Terse Comments l'poB the Uniform Prayer-Meetins; Topic of the Youagr People's Societies. BY WILLIAM T. ELLIS. ONE but the self-restrained and tem perate person can know true riches. N The sacred record runs that "the drunk ard and the glutton shall come to pover ty" the poverty that means a etarved soul, an empty life. All that enriches his existence on earth, slips from man's pos session through the flood-gates of intem perance. , All intemperance Is nothing but evil. There is certain to be a runaway and a wreck whenever a person loo&ens the reins of appetite. We make much rf the loss of friends and fortune that fellows intemperance in drinking. Yet these are only a minor trouble. The real loss and the loss that makes the actual pauper, and which is worse than all other calamities, is the loss of self-respect. Eaau's bargain was noble beside that of the person who sells his self-respect for a draught of pleasure. Intemperance is lmbruting. Unre strained passions -dull the edge of all the sensibilities of the soul. A fine nature is impossible to one who inchjlges In any excesses. Ideals are lowered by intem perance, which seats on the throne of life the fleshly nature, and removes man farther from the diviner estate that God designs for him. Intemperance is altogether weakness; If in any department of life, we allow our inclination or our appetite to get be yond our control then there As a cor CAROLINA. "I began to talk reform in farming. In 18S6 I attended a meeting of farm ers from all parts of the state. Many of them were politicians. Our agricul tural department was charging us 23 cents a ton for inspecting fertilizers and was spending a lot of public money in other ways and doing little, if any, god. I made a speech, which I read, urging. that there be an annex to the State University for the teaching of agriculture and technical pursuits. I put my suggestions and opinions down in plain language, and my style caused some surprise. I heard men say that I would be Governor, but I had no thought of politics, had declined, in fact, to run for the Legislature, and my only object was to change our methods of agriculture and to teach scienfTric farming to our young men. . "My speech caused much comment, and the newspapers which were supporting the status quo. the politicians and aris tocracy, attacked me with bitterness and ridicule. It was said that I was incapable of writing the speech which I had read,' and that my brother, who was In Con responding loss of strength In our soul. We have power only when we keep our lower , selves In complete subjection to our spiritual natures. ' i At ntie root of all the world's woes is sure .to be found some form of intem perance. If we were to wake up some morning after a hundred years' sleep, and find all men practicing all forms of temperance, we should probably think we had got into another and a better world. It would be little like this world of 1906. For human society is scarred and diseased, and wears weeping eyes and a heavy heart, all be cause of Intemperance of various sorts. Banish intemperance mind you, not merely liquor-drinking, but all intem perance and the Jails will go, the alms houses would disappear! and in their wake would follow most of the hospitals, while wars would cease and poverty and suffering become practically unknown. Yes.- temperance would transform the whole earth. Intemperance never rules over a happy home. The worst. woe of a drunkard Is that he is a drunkard. He has fallen to the state where he is despised by everybody, him self included, and respected by nobody. His level has become almost the level of the brute creation. His crown of manli ness has been trampled in the mire. No more with unblushing cheek and fearless eye can he move among men as their equal. Oh, the woe, the sin, and the shame, of being a drunkard! Intemperance means the enthronement of selfishness. The drunkard Is pre-eminently selttsh. For a sensual gratifica tion 'he Ignores the claims of his own manhood and the rights' of his fellows. Drunkenness is an example of complete and unreasoning selfishness. - The athlete knows that if he would have a strong and tempered body he must ab stain from drunkenness and gluttony. How can we expect to have proper bodies, much less sweet and even-tempered souls, if we let them run rtet in the excesses of eating and drinking? Only they are masters among them, and acceptable followers of the . Great Master, whoi have first mastered them- Seven Sentence Sermons. The supreme test of trust is willingness to wait God's time. Anon. Trouble is, after all. only a deepened gaze into life. George Eliot. What I aspired to be. And was not,' comforts me. Btfownlng. They love truth best who to themselves are true, And what they dare to dream of, dare to do. Lowell. To he obliged to beg one's daily hap piness from others, bespeaks a more la mentable poverty than to be obliged to beg one's dally bread. Colton. ' As no man ever had a point of pride that was not Injurious to him, so no man had ever a defect that was not somewhere made useful to him. Emerson. t He fails who climbs to power and place Up the pathway of disgrace: He falls not who stakes his all Upon the right, and dares to fall. Richard Watson Gilder. News and Notes. During the past five years the Protest ant Episcopal Church has shown a steady gress, had written it for me. Assailed, I defended myself by preparing a number' of cards for the newspapers. I broadened my demands, dropped the annex, and asked for an independent school. This agitation drew me into politics. I sought legislation and, of course, had to appeal to the legislature. Indorsed by a large, representative meeting of farmers in ISM, I was nominated for Governor by the Democratic State Convention, getting 270 votes, against' 50 for my competitor. I was re-elected Governor in 1892. Called everything but a fool. I fought back, and got reputation for violence. I was mis represented and lied about so much that I grew vindictive in turn, and the battle went on in fury, with no prisoners and political death to every man caught. The Clemson Agricultural and Mechanical College, for boys, and the Winthrop Nor mal Industrial College, for girls, were established as the culmination of the agi tation which I began." "It Is said that when you became Gov ernor you plowed up the statehouse yard and planted it in corn?" "Yes, that's one of the lies which was started, and which Is going yet. There Is not a scintilla of truth In the state ment. The grounds of the statehouse had been used as a pasture for the cows of my predecessor. I plowed them, that is a fact, but I planted them In flowers and nothing else. I am a great lover of flow ers." South Carolina's Liquor Law. . "You were responsible for the law which made the selling of liquor in South Carolina the business of the state. Has the undertaking bean a moral and finan cial success?" "I'll tell you about that. Brought face to face with prohibition, T was compelled to do something. Prohibition has never prohibited, and never will. In a Georgia village not far away the dispensary sys tem had been tried. I looked into the ex periment and adopted it as a means of minimizing the evils of barrooms and the custom of treating. It has been a moral success. There are no more barrooms In South Carolina, 'ine state does the sell ing, makes the profit, and thus takes from the liquor traffic its greatest incen tive to lawlessness and crime. Liquor cannot be drank on the premises, and no less than half a pint can be bought by anybody. In my judgment, the dispensary system is the best working out of the whole liquor question. Prohibition -makes lying, perjury and law-breaking common among the people. That Is very bad, . of course. If saloons are licensed, the state becomes a partner of the dealers. Then, why not restrict the traffic take It over entirely and get revenue for the support of Jails, penitentiaries and almshouses, all of which are made necessary through the use of liquor? The trouble in my 'state is that the dlspensaries-Tiave fallen Into the hands of the enemies of'the sys tem, many of whom are thieves." "You dominated the constitutional con vention in 18(6, and were the author of the provision which requires an educa tional qualification for suffrage in South Carolina. What has been the outcome of the law?" "If a man can't read, or if he can't growth in all lines. The number of com municants has increased threefold. The Methodist Church of Havre, France, has instituted an evangelistic mission pat terned after the McAll Mission. It is estimated that there are at present nearly a score of Jewish colonies in Pal estlne, numbering more than 100,000 Jews. During the last 20 years the number has trebled. During the year ending March, 1906, the Presbyterian Church gave for all religious purposes more than Jlf.OOO.OOO. an advance of a million and a half over the previous year. A tablet which passed through the fire unharmed has been found on the Bible House in San Francisco, bearing the in scription, "The Word of the Lord endur eth forever." The introduction of opium into Japan is so thoroughly in opposition to public sentiment that it is reported that six Jap anese soldiers in Korea, found in an opium den were convicted and shot. Arrangements have been completed by the Salvation Army for the settlement of 25,000 emigrants in Canada during the InsectsThatSurelyThink Ants Never Quarrel Among Themselves and Always Keep Clean. Pearson's Weekly. THERE is no doubt that some of the lower creatures are possessed of reasoning faculties. There are in sects which undoubtedly can reason and count. One curious instance which bears upon the question of the mental ability, the reasoning power and the moral sense of insects is that of the methods of one of the species of solitary wasps. The female of this species always sup plies the cell of her young with a given quantity of food. The male cells, for in stance, are supplied with 10 victims in the form of small caterpillars for the sus tenance of the grub, but the female cells are supplied with 20 victims. The difference in the number df victims is due to the fact that the female grubs are larger and, therefore,, require more nourishment than the male grubs. Still, under any circumstances, the actual num ber of caterpillars supplied never varies. Thus it is seen that some Insects must be able to count. Moreover, it is the case that some in sects have a moral sense. Communities of ants, although nearly as large as Lon don in numbers, never quarrel or have family jars among themselves. They are not only ready t6 help one another, but numerous arts of kindness are to be per ceived. An Instance has been recorded by Lord Avebury as coming under his notice where a crippled ant had been supported by her relatives for three months. Wash With Great Care. Ants are exceedingly particular insects and seem to possess reasoning powers from tue way in which they clean their persons. The ant goes through a cleaning process more elaborate than that of a cat. Not only does an ant wash herself, but .another usually acts for a time as lady's maid. The assistant starts by washing the face of her companion and from that goes over the entire body. The attitude of the cleansed one is one of entire satis faction, resembling that of a dog or cat when his head is being scratched. Ants certainly seem to possess intelli gence. An example is that shown by a species of small gray ants. These ants are engaged greatly In traveling, and they go about In troops. While the main body of them are always on foot, they are usually accompanied bj; at least one of understand some part of the constitution, or if he doesn't pay taxes on J300 worth of property, he is not a voter in my state. There are 230,000 more negroes in South Carolina than whites. We were deter mined that the whites should rule the state. The provision in the Constitution of which you speak was written and adopted to disfranchise the negroes, and for no other purpose. I once told Senator Hoar that In 1876 we shot negroes and stuffed ballot boxes. My statement shocked him, But it was true. I was the captain of a company of rangers at that time, and was in several race riots. I never kiled a negro myself. I shot at one, but missed him. Instead of shooting and stuffing the ballot boxes, we now take the orderly way of a constitutional provision. But the question is only sus pended. I shudder to think what my children or grandchildren may have to face. More negroes are born every year, and more are "learning to read and write. In time, our Constitution will not bo ef fective, but you may be sure South Caro lina will always be ruled by the whites, no matter what occurs." "What do you think of the United States Senate?" "I have great respect for it and for sev eral of Its ancient customs. Some men are there who ought to be out, but I am proud to be a member of that body." "What should be the Democratic battle line in 1908?" "The tariff and better railroad-rate hill than the one we have, the idea for which Teddy stole from us. He also para phrases Jefferson when he talks about a square deal. That is Democratic doc trine, but it lsh't stated quite in that way. We should take Teddy's battle-cry and use it ourselves.'' Genesis of Pitchfork. "Where did you get your pitchfork?" "In 1892, while Governor of South Caro lina, I went to New York, where I learned that the managers of the Demo cratic campaign had an understanding with .the men who afterward became the sugar trust. I also heard that Grover Cleveland knew of this relationship. Later he said the Wilson-Gorman tariff bill was full of perfidy and dishonor. Then he violated the Democratic platform as to silver. I despised his treachery, and in 1894, while making a speech at Lexington, in my state, said I should like to Jab my old pitchfork into his fat sides and teach him to keep- his word. The newspapers have been referring to the matter ever since." "You have been described as a man of impetuous temper?" "I know; I was brought up to tell the truth and to hale hypocrites. My first aim is to make myself understood. I don't want any man to go away from one of my speeches and guess. I approach things directly, and put what I say into plain English. At times, perhaps, I do appear to be ferocious, and maybe I (am, but I am neither vindictive nor malicious. Another thing: Artger is bad for one's peace of mind and health. It makes the blood turgid, and if you fly off the han dle early in the morning. It spoils a whole day." coming year. A fleet of 10 or 12 steam ers will be put in commission for their transportation. A strange portrait of Calvin has been found in the castle of Arehburg, Ger many. A microscopic examination revealed the fact that every line of the portrait is a quotation from Calvin's writings or public addresses. Eleven new languages tiave been added during the past year to the list in which, the Bible Society prints its publications, bringing the number of languages in which the Scriptures are printed by this society to more than tOO. The trouble among the followers of Dowie in Zion City has been duplicated at Shlloh, among the disciples of Sand ford. The people are leaving Shlloh in large numbers and the prophet Sandford himself has gone to Jerusalem. , Westminster Chapel, London, the church of which Rev. Dr. Campbell Morgan is pastor, will in the future devote one-tenth of its income to foreign mission work, and the pastor is to preach, once a month, a sermon on the extension of the Kingdom in foreign lands. their own sort mounted on a very large ant. This ant mounts and detaches himself now and then from the line, rides rapidly to the head, comes swiftly back to the rear. and. In fact, seems to act as the commander of the expedition. In fact, one species of ant employs a larger ant as we employ horses to ride upon, al though scarcely more than one ant in each colony seems to be provided with a mount. Shyness of Snails. These lower creatures often show si capability of coping with exceptional diffi culties which undoubtedly argues a pos session of distinct reasoning powers. At times they are very resourceful and ex hibit a remarkable cunning. Snails, for example, are sly and are not easily beaten. M. Camille Spiess. the well known naturalist, has recorded that at the foot of Jura, In the canton of Vaud, there lives a farmer who raises edible snails tHelix pomatia). This farmer has as many as 50,000 of them in an lnclosurs at one time. The Inclosure Is surrounded by a wooden fence about two feet high and in order to prevent the escape of the mol lusks the top of the fence is covered with a board. The edge of this board is armed with sharp metallc points. To his aston ishment the snails appear to have dis covered the meams to surmount the bar rier. When closely watched It seems that a number of them climbed the fence until they reached the top. Then they formed a sort of laddar. those behind passing over the shells of the others in front, and so all but one got safely over the top without being impaled on the metal points. On the other hand, some facts seem to show that there is a positive want of in telligence in some creatures. For ex ample, a bee put in an open glass bottle with glass end toward the light will in varably blunder at the glass end without trying to get out at the open end. This argues a decided lack of intelligence. Again, take the case of the processional caterpillar as an example of a low order of Intelligence. It is the habit of pro cessional caterpillars when out for an expedition to weave a thread. By means of this thread they &ail their way back.