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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 22, 1905)
THE SUNDAY QEGONIAN, PORTIAND, . OCTOBER 23, 1905. 3Jv W, Nevtaoe's Story That Read; Chronicle If Tw Centimes Am (From Harper's Magazine for November. Copyright, 1005, by Harper & Brothers.) I WAS going cast along the main trade route the' main slavp route by which the Biheans pass to and fro in their traffic with the interior. It is but a continuation of the track 'from' Eenguela, on the coast, through the district of Bihc, and it follows the leng watershed of Central Africa in the same way. The only place where that watershed is broken is at the passage of the Cuanza, which rises far south of the bank of high ground, but has made its way northward through it at a point some three days' journey east of the Bihcan fort at Belmonte, and so reaches tho sea on the west coast, not very far below Loanda. It forms the. frontier of Blhe, dividing that race of traders from the primitive and savage tribes of the interior. But on both sides along Its banks and among its tributaries- you find the relics of other races of very different character from the Biheans the Luimbi. whose women still wear the old coinage of white cowry-shells in their hair, and the Luchazi, who support their loads with a strap round their foreheads, like the Swiss, and whose women dress their hair with red mud. and carry their babies straddled around the hip instead of round me oacK Going eastward along this pathway into the interior, I had reached the banks of the Cuanza one evening toward tho end of the wet season. It had been rain ing hard, but at sunset there was a sul len clear which left the country steam ing with damp. On my left I could hear the roar of the Cuanza rapids, where the river divides among rocky islands and rushes down In breakers and foam. And far away, across the river's broad valley. I could see the country Into which I was going straight line after line of black forest, with themlst rising in pal lid lines between. It was HVca firfarv skeleton of the earth. In the "Hungry" Country. Such was my first sight of "tho Hun gry Country" that accursed stretch of land which reaches from Just beyond the Cuanza almost to the Portuguese fort at Mashiko. How far that may be in miles I cannot say exactly. A rapid messencer will cover tlis riit n seven days, but it took me nine, and it takes most people ten or twelve.. My carriers had light loads, and in spite of almost continuous fevers and poisoned feet we went fast, walking from sir till two or even four o'clock without food, so that, even allowiner for delnvs at thn deep morasses and rivers unci tho tnnc climbs up the forest hill", I think we rannot nave averaged less than twenty miles a day. and nrobablv I twenty-five. I should sav thnt tho flic. tance from the Cuanza to Mashiko must ue somewnere aoout 2S0 miles, and it is Hungry Country nearly the whole way. ouu less is it certain how far the dis trict extends in breadth from- north to south. I have often looked fmm tho m of Its highest uplands, where a gap in the trees gave me a view, in the hope of seeing something beyond. But, though uie urn migm oe six tnousand feet above the sea, I could never get a. sight of any thing but forest, and still more forest, till thO Waves Of the Innr onrl n long, straight line of hinonimnct j straight and blue as the sea and noth ing out xorest an the way. with not a trace of man. Yet the whole country is well watered. ' Deen and oior- ctm. Iran down the middle of the open marshes ueiween me inns. or the first day or two of the Journey they flpw back into the Cuanza basin, but when you have rllmbed the woody heights beyond, you find them running north Into the Kasal. that exeat tributary of tho. rnn I south into the Lungwebungu or the uwio, me uiuuianes oi me zambes!. I At some Dolnts vou Htand nt a iiicNnnn Iof mly two days' journey from the Ka sal and the Lungwebungu on either side. iuiju mere is water uowmg into them all the year round. In Africa It Is .itmnst always the want of water that makes a jnungry country, out here the rule does jnot hold. Xo Solid Ground. At first I thought the character of the I soil was sufficient reason for the desert. Except for the black morasses, it Is a ! loose white sand from end to end. The sand drifts down the hills like snow. land banks itself up along any sheltered i or ievei piace. tin as you plod through !it nour aiter nour, almost ankle-deep, while your shadow gradually swallows itself tin as the sun ellmi tho cw ionly thought becomes a longing for water and a longinc for one smnll vni-ri nt im ground. The trees are poor and barren, ana j. noticed mat tne farther I went the I soft Joints of the crassr. -nrhih to bo sweet, became more and more bit- iier, mi iney tasiea liKe quinine. I This mar be the caiiro nf antv.A. thing I noticed. All living creatures In this region are crazy for salt, just like oxen on a "sour" veldt. Salt is far the best coinage vou can takn s Chlbokwe. I do not mean our white iiawe-sait. xney rejectthat with scorn, thinking it is sugar or something equally useless; but for the coarse nnd dirty "bay salt" they will soil almost anything, and a pinclh, of it is it greater treat to a cnua man a wnoie onae-caKC would be In England. Passion for Salt. I have tested it especially with the bees that swarm In these forests and produce most of the beeswax that goes to Europe. I first noticed their love of salt when I salted some water one after noon in the vain hope of curing the poisoned sores on my feet. In half an hour the swarms of bees had driven mo from my tent. I was stung ten times, and had to wait about In the forest till the sun set, when the bees vanished, as by signal. Another afternoon I tested them by putting a heap of sugar, a paper smeared with condensed milk, and a 'bag of .salt tightly wrapped up in tar-paper side by side on the ground. I gave them twenty minutes, and then I found nothing on the sugar, five flies on the milk, and the tar-paper so densely covered with bee? that they overlapped each other as when they swarm. For want of anything bet ter, they will fight over a sweaty shirt in the same way; and once, by the banks of a stream, they sent all my carriers howling along the path by creeping up under their loin-cloths. The butterflies seek salt also. If you spread out' a damp rag anywhere in tropical Africa, you will soon have brilliant butterflies on it But if you ' add a little salt in the Hungry Country, the rag will be a blaze of colors. unless the bees come and drive the but terflies off. As I said, the natives feel the longing too. Among the Chlbokwe the women burn a marsh-graps Into a potash powder as a substitute; -and It a native squats down In front of you. puts out a long, pink tongue and strokes It appealingly with his finger, you may know It Is salt he wants. The scarcity has become worse since the Belgians, following their usual highwayman methods, have robbed tho natives of the great salt-pans in tho south of the Congo State and made them atrade monopoly. Towns That Have Disappeared. In the character of the soil, then, there seemed to be sufficient reason for the name of the country, and I should have been satisfied with it but for dis tinct evidences that a few 'spots along the path have been Inhabited not so very long ago. Here and there you come upon plants which grow generally or only on the site of deserted villages or fields, fmch as the atundwa a plant with branching fronds that smell like walnut leaves. It yields a fruit whose hard and crimson case Just projects from the ground and holds a gray bag of seeds, very sour -and almost as good to eat or drink as lemons. But still more definite is the evidence of travelers, like the missionary explorer Mr. Arnot, who first traversed the country over 20 years ago, and has described to me tho villages he found there then. There was, for In stance, the large Chlbokwe town of Peho, which was built round the head of a marsh close upon the main path some two or three days west of Mashiko. Tou will still find the place marked, about the size of London, on any map of Angola or Africa, but I have looked everywhere for it along the route in vain. A Portuguese once told me he thought it was a few days' Journey north of his house near Mashiko. But ho was wrong. The whole place has entirely disappeared, and has less right than Nineveh to a name on a ' modern map. The Chlbokwe have a custom of de stroying their villages and abandoning tho site whenever a chief dies, and this in i Itself is naturally very puzzling to all geographers. But I think it hardly ex- J plains the utter abandonment of the J Hungry Country. It is commonly supposed J that no wild animals will live in the ! region, but that Is not true, cither. Many j times, wnen l nave wandered away, from the footpath, I have put up. various ante lopes lechwe and duikers and beslde-the marshes in the early morning I have .seen tho fresh spoor of larger deer, as well as of porcupines and warthog. Cranes are fairly common, and green parrots very abundant. Almost every night one hears the leopards roar. "Roar" is not the word: it Is that deep note of pleasurable expectancy that they sound a quarter of an hotir before feeding-time at the Zoo, and they would not make that noise If there was nothing in the country to eat All these reasons put together drive me unwillingly to think there may be some truth in the native belief that the whole land has been laid under a curse which will never be removed. As I write the rumor reaches us that the basin of the Zambesi and "all its tributaries have Just been awarded to Great Britain, so that nearly the whole of' the Hungry Countryi wm come unaer Jngusn rule.-, It Is Im portant for-England, therefore, that the ML&)j curse should be forgotten, and in time it may be. All I know for certain Js that undoubtedly a curse lies upon- the coun try now. Shackles for- Slaves. There arc two ferries over the. Cuanza, one close under the Portuguese fort, the other a comfortable distance upstream, well out of obsnrvfltlnn. Tt Iq i (t-ntmlli. Portuguese arrangement. The Command ants auiy is to stop tne slave-trade, but how can he be expected to see what Is crolntr on a mile nr nwnv! TVon von come down to the river, you find slave- sn acmes nangtng on the bushes. You cross the stream In riue-nnt ninnM mn. nlng the chance of being upset by one of the hipROs which snort and pant a little farther ud. Tom and now the shackles are thick upon the ireca. j.nis is me place where most of the slaves, bcintr driven flnwn fmm ih. Interior, are untied. Tt t C9fO tO Inf tViom loose here. Th f?nn5 lront. and behind them lies the long oireicu oi nungry country, which they -could never get through alive if wit-.v iricuio run nack to their homes. So It Is that the trees on the western edire of the Hunw Pmrirv Vm. -i. - - o- --......j wv.. OU4M.IV- ics In profusion shackles for the hands, shackles for tho feet, shackles for three or four slaves who are clamped together at night. The drivers hang them up with -the Idea of using them again when they return for the next consignment of human merchandise: but, as a rule, I think, they find Jt easier to make new shackles as they are wanted. A shackle is easilv mnrio a noi.. hacks out an oblong holfr in a' log of wood with an ax; it must be big enough for two hands or two feet to pass through, and then a wooden pin Is driven uirougn me noie irom side to side, so that the hands or feet it is drawn out again. Tho two hands or feet do not.necessnr-nir KMnnn- u same person. You find shackles of various ages some quite new. with the marks of the ax fresh upon them, some old and half eaten by ants. But none can be very UiU aui n Ainca an dead wood quickly disappears, and this is a proof that the slave trade did not really end after the was of 1902, as easy-going officials are fond of assuring us. When I speak of the shackles beside the Cuanza. I do not mean that this Is the only place where they are to be found. You will see them scattered along the whole' length of the Hungry Country; in fact. I think they ar.e thick est at about the fifth day's journey. They generally hang on low bushes of quite recent growth, and are most frequent by the edge of the marshes. I cannot say why. There seems to bo no reason in their distribution. IT have been assured that each shackle represents the death of a slave, and, indeed, ono often finds the remains of a skeleton beside a shackle. But the shackles are so numerous that it the slaves died at that rate, even slave trading would hardly pay. In spite of the immense profit on every man or woman who is broucht safplv thrnnirh. Tf mnv often happen that a sick slave drags hltn- seu to tne water and dies there. It may be that some drivers thlnlr thr mn do without the shackles after four or nve days or-vthe Hungry Country. But at present I can find no satisfactory explanation of the strange manner In wnicn tne snacKies are scattered up and down the path. I only know that between the Cuanza and Mashiko I saw several hundreds of them, and vnt T rnulH nnt look about much, but had to watch the narrow and winding foot-path close in front of me. a3 one always must in Central Africa. Strewn With Dead Men's Bones. That path s strewn with dead men's bones. You see the white thigh-bones lying In front of your feet, and at one side, among the undergrowth, you find tho skull. These arc tho skeletons of slaves who have been unable to keep up with the march, and so were murdered or left to die. Of course the ordinary carriers and travelers die, too. It's very horrible to see a man beginning to break down In the middle of the Hungry Coun try. He must go on or die. The caravan cannot wait for him. for it has food for only the limited number of days. I knew a distressful Irishman who entered the route with hardly any provision, broke down in the middle, and was driven along by his two carries, who threatened his neck with their axes when ever he stopped, and only by that means succeeded in getting him through alive. Still worse was the case among my own carriers a little boy who had been brought to carry his father's food, as is the custom. He became crumpled up with rheumatism, arid I found he had bad heart disease as well. He kept on lying down in the path and refusing to go farther. Then he would creep away. Into the bush and hld,e himself to die. We had to track him out. and his father beat- him along the march till the blood ran down his back. But with slaves less trouble is taken. After a certain amount ot beating and prodding, they arc killed or left to die. Carriers are always burled by their com rades. You pass many of their graves, hung with strips of red or decorated with a broken gourd. But slaves are never buried, and that is an evidence that the bones on the path arc the bones of slaves. Tho Biheans have a sentiment against burying slaves. They call- it burying money. It is something like their strong objection to burying debto'rs. The man who buries a debtor becomes responsible for the debts: so the body is hung up on a. bush outside tho village, and the jackals consume it, being respon sible for nothing. Evidence- of Torture. Before tho great change mado by the Ballundu war ot 1S02 the horrors of tho Hungry Country" were undoubtedly worse than they are now. I have known Eng. llshraen who passed through It four years ago and found slaves tied to the trees, with their veins cut so that they might die slowly, or laid beside the path with their hands and feet hewn off. or strung up on scaffolds with fires lighted beneath them. My carriers tell me that this last method ot encouraging the others Is still practiced away from the pathway, but I never saw it done myself. - I never &aw distinct evidence of torture. The horrors of the road have certainly become less In the last three years, since the rebellion ot 1902 Rebellion is always good. It always implies an unendurable wrong. It Is the only shock: that ever stirs the self-complacency of officials. I havo not seen torture In the Hungry Country. 1 have only eeen murder. Every bone scattered along that terrible foot path from Mashiko to the Cuanza Is the bone ot a murdered man. The man may not have been killed by violence, though In most cases the sharp-cut hole in tho skull shows where the fatel stroke wa3 given. v But. If he was not killed by vio lence, he was taken 'from his home and sold, either for the buyer's use or to sell again to a Bibean. to a Portuguese trader, r to the agents who superintend the "contract labor" for San Thome, and are so useful In supplying the cocoa-drinkera of England and 'America, as well as in enriching the plantation-owners, and the Government. The Portuguese and such English people as love to stand well with Portuguese authority tell U3 that most ot the men now sold as slaves are criminals, and so it does not matter. Very .well, then; let us make a lucrative clearance of. our own prlsQns,by selling tho prisonere to our mill-owners as factory-hands. We might even go beyond our prisons. It is easy to prove a crime against a man when you can get $50 to $100 by sellfng him. And if each of us that has committed a'crlme may be -sold, who shall escape the shack les? Murders Too Coraoran. The most recent case of murder that I saw was on my return through the Hungry Country, the ' sixth day out from Mashiko. The murdered man was lying about ten yards from the path, hidden In deep crass and bracken. But tor the smell I should have passed the place without noticing him. as I have no doubt passed scores, and perhaps hundreds, of other skeletons that lie hidden in that forest. How long the man had been murdered I could not say, for decay in Africa varies with the weather, but the ants generally contrive that It shall bo quick. I think the thing must have been done since I passed the place on my way into the country about a month before. But possibly it was a few days earlier. Mv "headman", hadheard of the event (a native hears everything), but it did not impress him or the other carriers in the . least. It was far too common.. unnappuy I ao not understand enough Umbundu to make out tho exact date or the details, except that the man was a slave who broke down with the usual shivering fever on the road and was killed with an ax because he could go no farther. As to tho cause of death there was no doubt. When J tried to raise tho head, the thick woolly hair came off in my hand like a woven pad, leaving the skull bare, and revealing tho deep gash mado by the ax at the base of the skull just be fore it merges with the neck. As I set it down again the skull broke off from the backbone and fell to one side. Having laid a little earth upon the body, I went on. It would want an army of sextons to bury all the poor bones which consecrate that path. iei, in -spue ot tne shackles hang ing on-tho .trees, and in spite of the skeletons upon the path and the bod ies of recently murdered men. I-have hot seen a-slavo caravan such as has been described to mo by almost every traveler who has passed along that route . Into- the interior. I mean. I have not seen a shjitc of slaves chained together, tneir hands shackled, and their necks held fast m forked sticks. I am not sure of the reason: there were probably many reasons combined. It is Just the end- of the wet season, just tne time when tho traders think of sending In for slaves; and not of bringing them out. Directly the na tives in -me iiinean village near which I was staylntr heard I was sroinc- to Mashiko. though -they knew nothing of my object, they said: "Now, a mes senger will bo sent ahead to warn tho slave traders that an Englishman is coming." The same was told me by two Englishmen who traversed the country last Autumn for the mining concession, and in my case I have not the slightest doubt that messengers were sent. Again, a Portuguese trad er, living on the farther side of the Hungry Country, upon the Mushl- eoshl (the simol. as the Portuguese classically call it), told mc tho driv- ers now bring the shaves through un known Dusn patns, north of the old route. He kept a store, which, being on the edge of the Hungry Country, was as frequented and lucrative as a winc-and-splrit house must be on the frontier or a prohibition state. And he was the only Portuguese I have met who recognizedytho natives as fellow subjects, and even as fellow men, with rights of their own. He also boasted, I thTnk Justly, of the good effects of the war In 1902. Old-Fashioned 3Icthods Checked. All these reasons may have contrib uted. "But still I think that the old caravan system has been reduced within the last three years. Th.e shock to public feeling in Portugal owing to the Ballundu war and its revelations the disgrace of certain officers at the forts, who were convicted of taking a percentage of slaves from the pass ing caravans as hush money the strong action of Captain Amorlm In trying to suppress the whole traffic the instructions to the forts to allow no chained gangs to pass -all these things have. I believe, -acted as a check upon the old-fashioned methods. There la also an. Increased risk in obtaining slaves from the Interior In largo batches. Tho Belgians strongly op pose tho entrance of the traders Into their state, partly because guns and powder are the usual exchange for slaves, partly because they wish to re tain their own natives under their own tender mercies. The" line of Belgian forts along the frontier la quickly in creasing. Some Blhean traders havE been shot. In one recent case, much talked of, a bullet from a Maxim gun struck the head of a gang of slaves, marching as "usual in single file, and killed nine In .succession. In any case. the traders seem to have discovered that the palmy days when they used to parade their chained gangs through the country, and burn, flog, torture and cut throats as they pleased, are over for the present. For many months after the war even the traffic to San Thomo almost ceased. It has begun again now, and is rapidly Increasing. As I noted in a former letter, an or der was Issued In December, 1904, re quiring tho government agents to press on the supply. But at present, I think, the slaves are coming down in smaller gangs. They arc not, as a rule, tortured; they are shackled only at night, and. tho traders take a certain amount of pains to conceal the whole traffic, or at least to make it look respectable. As to secrecy, they are not entirely suc cessful. A man whose word no one Jn Central Africa would think of doubting has just sent down notice from the in terior that a gang of 220 slaves passed through the Nanakandundu district, bound for the coast, in the end ot Feb ruary (1305), shackles and all. The man who brought the message had done his best to avoid the gang, fearing for his life. But there Is no doubt they are com ing through, and I ought to have met them near Mashiko, if they had not taken a by-path or been broken up into small groups. Passed 'Caravans of Slaves. It was probably such a small group that I met within a day's journey of Cal ala, the largest trading-house in Bihe. I was walking at about half an hour's dis tance from the road, when suddenly I came upon a party of IS or 20 boys and four men hidden in the bush. At sight of me they all ran away, the men driving the boys before them. But they left two long chlcottes or sjamboks (hide whips) hanging on the trees, as well as the very few light loads they had with them. After a time I returned, and they ran away again. I noticed that they posted a man on a tree-top to observe my movements, and he remained there till I trekked on with my own people. Of course the evidence Is not conclusive, but It Is sus picious. Men armed with chfeottes do not hide a group of boys in the bush for nothing, and It Is most probable that they formed part of a gang going Into Blhe for sale. I may have passed many such groups on my Journey without knowing It, for It Ul a common trick of the traders now to get up the slaves as ordinary carriers. But among all of them, there was only one which was obviously a slave gang, almost without concealment. My carriers detected them at once, and I heard the word "apeka" (slaves) passed down the Wk WWh "CI 11 filll illfi VllUl ii Mother s Friend, by its penetrating and soothing properties, allays nausea, nervousness, and all unpleasant feelings, and so -DreDares the svstem for the JC JL J ordeal that she passes through the event safely and with but little suffering, as numbers have testified and said, "it is worth its weight in gold.". $1.00 per bottle of druggists. Book containing valuable information mailed free. THE MADHELD REGULATOR CO., Atlanta. &. line even before I came In sight of them. The caravan numbered 78 In all. In front and rear were four men with guns. am there were six ot them in the center. The whole caravan was organized with a pre cision ttiat one never finds among free carriers, and nearly the whole of it con sisted of boys under 14. This in itself would be almost conclusive, for no trade caravan would contain anything like that proportion of boys, whereas boys are the most easily stolen from native villages In the interior, and, on the whole, they pay the cost of transport best. But mere conclusive even than the appearance of tho gang was the quiet evidence ot my own carriers, who had no reason for lying,, who never pointed out another caravan of slaves, and yet had not a moment's doubt as to this. Traffic Increasing. The importation of slaves from the in terior into Angola may not be what It was. It may not be conducted under the old methods. There is no longer that almost continuous procession of chained and tortured men and women which all travelers who crossed the Hungry Coun try before 1902 describe. For the moment rubber has become almost as lucrative as man. The traffic has been driven underground. There Is now a feeling ot shame and risk about it. and the mili tary authorities dare not openly give It countenance as before. But I have never heard of any case In which they- openly interfered to stop it. and the thing still goes on. It Is, in fact, fast recovering from the shock of the rebellion of 1S02, and is now increasing again every month. It will go on and it will increase as long as the authorities and traders habitually speak of the natives as "dogs." and aM low the men under their command to misuse them at pleasure. Today a negro soldier in the white Portuguese uniform seized a little boy at the head ot my car riers, pounded his naked feet with the butt of his rifle, and was beating him unmercifully with the barrel when I sprang upon him with two Javelln3 which. I happened to be carrying because my rifle was jammed. At sight of me the emblem of Portuguese justice crawled on the earth and swore he did not know it was a white man's caravan. That was sufficient excuse. A Just Punishment. Three days ago word came to mc on the march that one of my carriers had been shot at and wounded. We were in a district where three Chlbokwe natives actually with shields and bows as well as guns had hung upon our liner as we went in. I had that morning warned the carriers for the twentieth time that they must keep together and had set an advanced and rear guard, knowing that stray car riers were being shot down. But natives are as incapable of jjrganization as of seeing a straight line, and my people were straggled out helplessly over a length of five or six miles. Hurrying forward, I found that the bullet a cube of copper had Just missed my carrier's head, had taken a chip out of his hand, and gone through my box. The carrier behind had caught tho would-be-murderer, and there he stood a big Luvale man, with filed teeth, and head shaved but for a little tuft or pad at the top. I suppose he ought to be shot, but my rifle was jammed, and I am not a born executioner. However. I cleared a half circle and set the man In the middle. A great terror came Into his face as 1 went through the loading motions. 1 had determined, having blindfolded him. to catch him a full drive between the eyes. This would give him as great a shock as death. He would think it was death, and yet would have time to real ize the horror of it afterwards, which in the case of death he would not have But when all was ready, my carriers, in cluding the wounded man. set up a great disturbance, and seized the muzzle of m rifle and turned it aside. They kept shouting some reason which I did not then understand. So I gave the pun ishment over tb- them, and they tool; the man's gun a trade gun or "Laza rino," studded with brass nails stripped him of his powder gourd, cloth and all he had. beat him with the backs of their axes, and drove him naked Into the forest, where he disappeared like a deer. I found out afterwards that their rea son for clemency was the fear of Portu guese vengeance upon .their village, be cause the man was employed by the fort at Mashiko. and therefore claimed the right of shooting any other native at sight, even over a minute's dispute about yielding the footpath. Such small incidents are merely typi cal of the attitude which the Portuguese take toward the natives and allow their own black soldiers and slaves to take. As long as thl3 attitude Is maintained. the Immensely profitable slave traffic which has filled with its horrors this route for centuries past will continue to fill It with horrors, no matter how secret or how legalized the traffic may become. I have pitched my tent tonight on a hillside not far from the fort of Matota. where a black sergeant and a few men are posted to police the middle of the Hungry Country- In front of me a deep stream Is flowing down to the Zambesi with strong but silent current In the middle of a marsh. The air is full of the cricket's call and the other quiet sounds of night. Now and then a dove wakes to thSbrilllant moonlight, and coos, and sleeps again. Sometimes an owl cries, but no leopards are abroad, and it would be hard to imagine a scene of greater peace or of more profound solitude. And yet. along this path, there Is no soli tude, for the dead are here; neither is there any peace, but a cry. HENRY W. NEVINSON. Both Satisiied. Springfield Republican. Mr. Roosevelt Is telling his callers that his decision not to be a candidate for th" Presidency again is final. The fact, ho told Senator Simmons, gives him great satisfaction and enables him to enjoy life better. But his satisfaction Isn't to be compared with Mr. Fairbanks. s to 0ve children, and no ome can be completely happy without them, yet the ordeal thronerh which the ex pectant mother must pass usually is so full of suffering, danger and fear that she looks forward to the critical hour with a-nnrTiTiQinTi anA Aran A