4
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, SEPTE3IBER 4, 1905.
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rANILA. Aug. 2. (Special Corre
spondence of The Sunday Orogon
lan.) The constabulary, the Judi
ciary uid the finance are the three big
departments of the Philippine civil gov
ernment. These br&Hcheii, incorporating
as Uey do the elementary principles of
government, will fully test the efficiency
of tb American administration. The three
dirMons are so donely reiatod as to be
pmdioally Inseparable, One could hardly
endure without the support of the other.
Of eewrw. the first consideration In the
maintenance of order, yet it follows that
without Justice there can be no perma
nent peace; aim that It is impossible to
maintain government without a sound
system of finance.
The constabulary, aside from being the
meet expensive department under the
drk government, has been the rock upon
which both the governing and the gov
erned have split into factions. Thero was
debate ever Its organization, and there
has been continuous debate concerning Un
operation. "While American public senti
ment wits unanimous In supporting the
McKtntey administration Jn the war
agauwt Spain, one of the first things
which came home to the officials after the
acquisition of the Philippines had resulted
&c ono of .the outcomes of that war, was
that the American people would not con
sent to a permanent military occupation
of any of the territory thus acquired. The i
principle of Mberty is so strong Jn the i
Unttod States that any policy savoring of ,
the "mailed fltt." is certain to bocome i
unpopular. Realizing that a permanent
military programme would be sure to sink
any administration that championed it,
tho party leadors hastened the formation
of the civil government.
Constabulary a Compromise.
When the docirion was reached to with
draw the American troops, a difference
of opinion arose as to how they should
be replaced. Some of our brightest men
contended that the local speace offlcora
would be able to control the situation
without any assistance, while others ar
gued that the withdrawal of all armed
forces would simply promote brigandage
and initiate a reign of terror. While it
"was admitted that the full force of the
military would not be necessary to pre
serve order throughout the islands, it was
insisted that the local authorities alone
could not con(rol the situatlop. And, so
the eemtaxbulary. being native trojops offi
cered by Americans, -wag really a com
promise botweon the unnecessary
strength 'of the military 'and tho In
adequacy of the local officers.
It did net take long to establish the
wisdom of those statesmen who main
tained that disorder would prevail unless
an armed force was kept on the scene to
hold the lawless in chock- The constabu
lary has been kept busy from the outset.
Its members have had no days off. "While
the country lias in the main been pacified,
there are still roving bands of ladrones,
or outlaws, who infest certain sections.
These desperadoes are not a new feature
of Philippine life. They have boon prac
ticing their depredations for hundreds of
years, the Spaniards never being able to
subdue thorn.
Taken at Their Own Garnc.
The tactics of these brigands are such
that large bodies of troops cannot operate
against them. They hide In mountain
fastnesses and swoop down upon outlying
village or waylay the traveler. They will
not make a stand against an equal force,
but take to the mountains on the ap
proach of opposition. The only way to
fight thorn is to follow them Into their
retreat and play the game according to
their code. This the constabulary has
done successfully. During the first year
after Its organization 1185 outlaws were
killed and 2722 wore captured.
"With one or two exceptions the con
stabulary has bcon equal to the work
laid out for it in all parts of the archipel
ago. Mindanao and several other of the
southern group of islands occupied by the
fanatical Moros will keep the regular
troops busy for Jsome years to come,
whil Samar. located in the east central
part of tne group, has just -been -partially
turned over to tho military, the nativo
forces being unequal to the task of paci
fying it.
Samar Is an island about the size of
Connecticut It is mountainous and has
no roads. It will best be remembered as
the place that Jakey Smith tried to con
vert Jnto a .howling wilderness, and it
may be added that since he was recalled
and reprimanded the bandits have made
a good job of what he attempted. The
population of Samar consists of two
"cTksVs, namely, the coast dwellers, who
engaffslln .the hemp business and who
would o peaceful if they had the op
portunity; and the mountaineers, who are
snore or Jess brigands. The mountaineers
come down to the villages and notify the
Inhabitant that If they give food or
assistance of any kind to the constabu
lary their lives roust pay the forfeit.
Along comes the constabulary and serves
notice on the villagers that if they give
succor to the mountaineers they will bo
arrested. Consequently the coast dweller
Is between two Area
Empty Villages In Samar.
These villagers are ignorant and do
not like to pay taxes. They live in
communities of moro shacks, which are
easily erected and as easily abandoned.
The report that a tax collector or a
detachment of Constabulary is headed
that way is nil that is necossary to
cause tho complote evacuation of a vil
lage in a few hours. As a result of
the atrocities commlttod by tho la
drones and the arrests of the Constab
ulary, the men. women and children of
the east coast have decamped to the
mountains.
"While the ladrones will not make a
stand against a white man If they can
avoid it, thoy are rollgious fanatics
and fierce fighters among themselves,
which Is, shown by a fight which oc
curred recently between 6t mountain
eers and a small dotachment of the i
Constabulary. Tho latter were forti
fied in a stockade, and were armed
with modern guns, while the moun
taineers had nothing more formidable
than the bolo, which is merely a sharp
ened corn knife. The bolo can - only
bo used at short range, hence the at
tacking party had not the slightest
chance of success, yet its members one
after another clambered up the sides
of the stockade to certain death. Finally
when only six were left they deliberately
retirod to an open place within oasy
range of the guns of the stockade and
dancod until they were shot to death.
This shows what kind of stuff Jakey
Smith had to go against when ho
started in to make a howling: wilder
ness of Samar.
It is a notable fact that when a clash
ocurs between the Constabulary and
the outlaws, the native press raises
a groat hullabaloo about It, endeavor
ing to create the impression that the
Constabulary Is composed of a lot of
marauders who loot and butcher sim
ply for the pleasure of gratifying their
depraved instincts. It is noticeable,
too, that these agitators do not pro
nounce against the cause which made
It necessary to use force, but conter
tholr whole argument in a denuncia
tion of tho soldiery! In all Instances
where pitched battlos have occurred
the ladrones have first boon guilty of
atrocities so terrlbje as to make their
destruction an Imperative necessity.
"Shoe Hombro" Causes Trouble.
The actual truth about this system
of brigandage as it prevails in the
Philippines is not generally understood.
The' worst enomy of tho civil govern
ment is not tho ignorant native who
beoomes a bandit and ovontually gets
killed for his malfeasance, but rather
the seml-clvlllzed agitator who encour
ages' him in h'is outlawry. It i com
monly understood by the officials here!
that the "shoe hombre" (man who
wears shoes) is the real Instigator of
the trouble. Sometimes the bandits are
referred to as revolutionists, although
it is difficult to understand what they
are revolting against. Formerly they
rebelled bocause they were oppressed,
but there is no such reason- now for
their remaining- under arms. They can
work if they want to, and will be pro
tected in any pursuit in which they
may engage.
The whole secret of the trouble lies
in what is known as "caclqulsm,"
whloh Is bosslsm in Its most flagrant
sense. A head man In a community
will intimidate and rob hundreds of
people. He may be an official, a dealer
in nomp, a man of means, or a politi
cian. The system even descends to the
overseer of 15 or 20 laborers, who col
lects 20 per cent of the wages Nof his
poor underlings. Any who havo the
courage to rebel against this Imposi
tion are promptly discharged and oth
ers put in their places who will pay
toll to the boss. .
i
Bosses Divide With Liadrpncs.
In many instances tho connection
between officials and the ladrones has
been established. In one town .It wbs
discovered that' over half of tho taxes
had been diverted from the -treasury.
Of the amount purloined, two-thirds
had been retained by the officials and
one-third turned over to tho putlaws.
When all parties -were apprehended and
arraigned, the bandits said the "dona
tion" waB for the furtherance of their
cause (revolution), while tho officials
begged off on the plea that they had
been intimidated by thb ruffians. A
number of prominent persons were
caught red-handed In this transaction,
and the native papers went Into more
spasms about citizens being hounded
by the Constabulary. A consoling fea
ture of the incident was that those in
volved in the theft were sentenced to
the penitentiary by a Filipino Judge.
This system of boeslsm is the curse of
the Islands, and is so deep-rooted that
much time will be required to eradicate It.
U3.
ir
spreading sedition Is another. The cdl- f absence of. jury trial,, and the use of Span
tors of one paper are now on trial for 1 lah as the court language. It would bo
libel, and even If they escape conviction ! Impossible to have trials by Jury, for the
will have to cease their tirades or even- ! reason that 90 per cent of the people are
tually land In the penitentiary. ' to Ignorant that they have no conception
The Jud!c!arVd03lgncd t follow closely i of the common principles of law. If Eng
on the heels of the constabulary In the ' llsh had been made the official langungo
work of reconstruction, has also had In- : of the courts, most of the people, being
numerable obstacles to overcome. The ; without a knowledge of cither English or
whole Spanish system had to be torn up i Spanish, would have needed two or more
The domination of the hoed man Is so
complete, and the people are so little' ac
quainted with the Idea of taking tholr
troubles to the courts that the work of
i fixing responsibility and meting out pun
j lshment to offenders Is necessarily slow.
As developments show the bosses and
j gucrlltas to be In league, no effort should
i be scared In punishing them all. The
scurrilous native press, which practically
defends ladronlsm by crying down the cf- ; ny the roots and a substitute provided. interpreters, in consulting their lawyers,
fort to suppress it, should be silenced at Two -unique phases of the application of By adopting Spanish as the court Inn
all hazards. Free speech Is one thing and ; American law to the Philippines Is the i guago, matters were somewhat simplified.
for the reason that .the majority of the
natlvelawyers understand Spanish and
the native dialects.
Th'o Philippine Judiciary.
The personnel of the Philippine Judiciary
comprises both Filipinos and Americans.
The policy has been to appoint Filipinos
as fast as competent ones could be found.
Although scholarly development was very
much restricted under Spanish rule, law
yers form a large part of the cultured
class In the Philippines. The present Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court, Judge Cay
etano Arellano, and the Solicitor-General,
Hon. Gregorio Araneta, are both brilliant
men who would be conspicuous in the
courts of any land. In selecting Ameri
cans for the judiciary, no attention has
been paid to party affiliation, the records
showing that there are more Democrats
serving than Republicans.
Tho Judiciary proper consists of the Su
preme Court, the courts of first Instance,
the Bureau of Justice, and the Justices
of the Peace. There are 23 first-Instance
Justices, about one-third of these being
natives. The Justices of the Peace num
ber 1033. and these are all natives. The
last named are a disappointment. The
most of them are Ignorant to begin with,
and are either cowed by or In league with
the petty bosses, so that they are failures
In defending tho minor rights of the
classes. The provincial flscals, or Prose
cuting Attorneys, have also failed to pro
mote the work of the constabulary In ap
prehending and prosecuting violators of
the law. Although the work of the Su
preme Court has been highly satisfactory,
the volume of business has been in excess
of its capacity. At the present time there
are 1000 cases on the docket, which will
require at least two and a half years to
dispose of.
Gold Standard Is Established.
The Bureau of Currency has been re
markably successful in the difficult task
of placing tho Philippines upon a gold
basts. About 30,000,000 pesos of cheap
money has been withdrawn from circula
tion and its equivalent In stable currency
Issued. The old "local currency" consist
ed of Mexican dollars. Spanish-Filipino
dollars, Chinese money and copper coins
from almost every country in the Orlem.
the value of which shifted so constantly
that no man ever knew Just what he was
worth.
In order to have the value of the new
money , generally understood, anounce
ments were prepared and translated Into
21 different languages and dialects. These
notices were posted throughout tho Island
and tholr contents shouted by town criers.
On account of all salaries of the Insular,
provincial and municipal governments be
ing paid In the new currency, as well as
all duties and taxes, the natives soon
came to be familiar with It. The day of
the cheap and changeable "Mex" Is for
ever past, and the establishment of the
gold standard, with Its blessing- of stabil
ity Is an accomplished fact.
FREDERIC J. HASKIN.
m, 1 ft 1 ' TV 711 WT HTl O Semi-Military Sack Suits Are in Favor Sep
at Men 111 raShlOn Will Wear IhlS OeaSOIl Cuffs Have Been Put Under the Ban.
Separate
THE man of fashion of IKS and IXC
will be the most dandiacal of all the
men of fashion for many, years post.
The details of his dross will be less ec
centric than heretofore, but where the
.freakish has given way, elegance has
stepped In.
At the opera, theaters, or other places
where evening dress Is considered abso
lutely essential the immaculate shirt
fronts arc to have the wearer's mono
gram embroidered on the upper left bos
om. The possibilities for unique designs
and blending of colors are unlimited.
Hereafter any one wearing monograms
upon his sleeves will be frowned upon.
Abas, tho Separate Cuffs.
The ban has been put upon detachable
cuffs.' In order to Avoid the scorn of his
fellows, one must have shirt and cuffs
all In tho same pleco of linen. Ties worn
with evonlng dress must have the broad
ends only, and shirt studs and cuff links
ore to be of pearl.
An nttempt will bo 'made to revive the
colored collar, to oe of the same pattern
as the shirt, which fashion decrees Is to
be one solid color, with the pattern
evolved of narrow striping. Some of the
cellars will be attached to the shirts.
Toeso are for beforc-noon wear only,.
The new models In seml-mllltary sack
suits present an exceptionally dressy ap
pearance, the shaping- In' at the waist line
accentuating form defining qualities.
Moderate in length, snug across tho back,
"With, outward spring extending from tho
bins, are the proper things. Center and
side vents are shown, in some models ex
tending to 12 Inches.
A pleasing contrast in the proportions of
garments Is furnished in fall and cold
weather fashions, as compared with
standard makes prevailing throughout the
past Spring and Summer. Extreme
lengths and looseness without limit char
acterized clothes In the period mentioned.
The current mode calls for .fairly long
and loose dimensions, revealing artistic
trlomphs In designing and shaping. This
departure results in making mockery of
fashion conspicuous by its absence. Outre
and freak creations never receive tho ap
probation of dependable sartorial author
ities, but are" introduced by risque cus
tom tailors in iopo of meriting indorse
ment on the part of their jeunesse trade.
The range of eligible styles In late Au
tumn overcoats Includes Chesterfields,
rart&ns. paddocks. Belt-backs, surtouts
and paletots. The Chesterfield claims a
larger percentage of favor, partly because
It is plainest of all styles and is loose
fitting, and also owing to the fact of its
proving- more becoming to men generally
than any other shape. A reasonably deep
vent in the center of the back of the gar
ment Is approved, to facilltatqjocomotlon.
The Chesterfield Is voted In good form
for all occasions.
The preferred candidate for early Au
tumn wear Is the box covert coat, which
Is offered In a wide variety of tan shades,
as well as In asserted weights. Silk or
serge lining obtains. An advantage cited
for the covert coat is that It Is-equally
well adapted to street woar and for rid
ing. Simplicity and uniformity continue the
twin graces of evening clothes. Favorite
fabrics arc smooth finished worsteds and
soft faced vicunas. The trousers should
be of similar goods, and disclosing braid
ed outer seam. A choice is afforded In
the matter of selection of white waist
coat, both single and double-breasted, pat
terns being rated by prevailing vogue as
entitled to position in the elect column.
If black waistcoat be worn It should be
single breasted and of same material as
coat. Felt bands on sHk hats are con
sidered somewhat smarter than ribbon
trimming. The use of the opera hat ought
to be confined to theater, but yet at the
playhouse the silk tile Is well wjthln
Its rights. Tho plain white shirt has su
perseded the pique bosom effect.
Collars, Gloves and Snocs.
The authentic collar for evening dress Is
the lap front, but the poke stylo of neck
Urien, showing a slight turn In points, Is
a formidable place-holder. TEvenlng
gloves are of white or pearl glace with
silk embroidered backs of corresponding
color. An exclusive style suggests black
silk embroidery Instead of similar shade
to glove. Evening dress shoes aro made
up with dull calfskin vamp and varnished
coltskln last, with medium toe. Button
boots may "give way to patent leather
pumps for the dance. Black silk half hose
and silk undersults axe en regie. "With
strictly formal dress the Inverness cape
overcoat Is regarded as more sightly than
any other style.
Double-breasted frpek coats for wear at
day weddings, afternoon calls, receptions,
church and matinees, are best when made
of soft cheviot, vicuna, pr diagonal worst
ed, with silk facings, and either silk or
serge lining. If single or double-breasted
waistcoat of the. same material as the
coat be not worn, white linen duck is
given preference. The trousers are cone
trastlng In pattern, striped worsteds or
cheviete of dark gray narmonlalng most
agreeably. The -Tuxeeo, or, as the gar
ment Is more properly termed, "dinner
Jacket," does service at such social func
tions as informal dinners, at the club,
stag parties, or home gatherings. This is
a much abused garment, somo "society
aspirants" violating sartorial ethics to
tho extent of Incongruously combining
dinner jacket with high hat. As a conces
sion to wearer of "dinner Jackets" tho
soft, negligee shirt bosom may bo worn.
Instead of the traditional "board front."
FuII-Fashloncd Underwear.
Tears ago it was said by those who
professed to be entitled, to the center
of the limelight In the oracular class
that domestic producers of men's un
derwear would never rlso in mercantllo
station beyond tho popular-price realm.
Nowadays, tho alleged sapient predic
tion to tho contrary notwithstanding",
American manufacturers are tially
booking substantial volumes of re
quests for full fashioned underwear
made of bright thread, silk that sells
over tho retail haberdasher's counter
for from. ISO upward per suit. These
goods are thought most effective In
blUe. straw color, pink or white. Somo
special-order garments fetch even fan
cier prlcos. f
A novelty In before-noon shirts 13
mado of solid color fabric, the patterns
being evolved by narrow striplngs. The
collar is of the same material as shirt,
bbt without having been put through
the dyeing process. A close resemblance
to this Idea Is also being tried on, with
tho difference, however, that the collar
Is a continuous performance of the
shirt. In other words, the collar Is sta
tionary in tho latter reference, where
as. In the former tho collar Is detach
able. Embroidered and plaited bosoms
are prominently advocated as Autumn
favorites.
Tho Leather Goods.
Fashion and convenience are united
In some recent Importations of leather
goods calculated to make easy the path
of the traveler or tourist. The English
kit bag is offered as a competitor in the
survival of the fittest contest engaged
In by dress suit cases. The London kit
affords more cubic inches of space than
Its appearance would seem to Indi
cate. The two-story hat holder accom
mbdates silk, derby, and opera hat.
Sporting watch guards are in evidence
fashioned on the model of the bridle
bit. The watch wristlet Is made at stout
leather, and means much convenience
to tho huntsman. Square shaped leath
er hat cases have capacity for silk tile,
and at the same time supply storage
facilities for collars and cuffs.
Incidentals, not essentials, change In
approved evenlnff dross. The revised
modo in whlto waistcoats ordains that
the so-called elliptical shaped shawl or
roll collar shall bo dominant. Six but
tons aro set In wedge-like formation,
presenting a geometrically accurate
allgnmonc Tims pearl buttons trt
pierced with gold stitching. The leading-
Autumn cravat Is the two and a
half Inch wide folded, four-ln-hand.
Collars are distinctive by reason of
very wide stitching. Both wing and fold
shapes are principally for day wear.
Fancy and plain linen handkerchiefs
divide favor. Colored borders and fig
ured centers are In demand. Conserva
tive tones distinguish Autumn hosiery
for men. Saddler sewn heavy tan cape
gloves are on top.
J'o Mora 3Hlltary Heels.
Military heels aro down and out.
Common sense footwear has again
como into Its own. Evening- mufflers,
dress protectors, reefers are represen
tative of discriminating- taste when in
plain white or black and cut on ample
squares. Knitted gloves of Scotch wool
aro on deck for biting weather. Deep
gray lisle gloves, fine and sheer, are
sent forth for wear with evening- Jack
et, thus aldlnsr the Idea of an all-together
(In shade) group of bandwear,
tie' and walsfcoa White buckskin
gloves are worn until JTr. "Well Dressed
reaches the scene of festivities. This
plan is adopted to the end that the
evening glace gloves be not soiled
ahead of time.
Cream colored silk handkerchiefs
find some favor for evening- wear, main
ly because they aHow of being readily
arranged In smaller compass than
linen. Ascot cravats In five-inch style
are reckoned without a peer. Fancy
mufflers are winners when unllned and
unstitched. Satin and silk mixtures in
Jacquard weaves make up in handsome
cravats. Plain and figured lawns and
linens are the only correct fabrics fo.r
formal ovenlng dress. Self designs in
figures, stripes and spots are shown In
ties for wear with dinner Jacket. Half
boae are offered in patterns corre
sponding" with design of undersult. Thi
coat cut shirt is clearly the acknowl
edged pacemaker. Attached cuffs are
now preferred' wider than for many
months.
Full crowns, a llttlo higher than
shown in Spring blocks, are introduced
in Derby hats some with dcml-flat
top, suggesting square . crown. Brims
are offered In round edge oval curl, a
trifle wider than last season. Fourteen
Hgne band and 12 llgne binding form a
fetching combination. Silk hats have
short bell shape with full ourve.
Medium heavy canes, with plain
metal tipped crooks, are favored. An
extensive variety of wood is utilized.
Self-opening umbrellas, operated 'by
automatic spring, are again on the mar
ket. Taese show ornate handles. Ultra
deslgna In suspenders have been side
tracked. Peg top trousers today are seldom -on
aale, even In ready-made stocks.
O, Kemembcr, 'TIs September.
"When you see the sun is sinking- in a sea of
Blckenlnff rays,
And you hear the bull bat's bugle In ta
beatific haze: ... .v
"When the butterfly flies flickering la ,th
fleecy atmosphere
As old katydid keeps kidding of the "yellow
and tho sere"
O remember.
'TIs September.
"Wben the little pickaninnies pick red peppers
by the peck
And the trorler bullfrog- bellows when you
book blm in the neck;
"WTien the farmers "bug" potatoes with tho
latest new machines
And the gentle Carrie Nation knocks saloons
to smithereens,
O remember
TIs September.
"Whea the catbird's cachlnnatloas court con
tagion from-the skr,
As the angleworm works wonders with th
fishermen who lie;
When mosquitoes scoot and skelter with thelx
poisoned busy bill
And then sins and stab us until they get their
nu.
Please remember
Sad September.
"When you see the sickly .sparkle of the scln
tUlatlnr dew
And behold the cuckoo coojng and the coon
a-crooninff, too;"
"Whea the giddy girls go gadding and aro lock
ing; "Just too sweet."
And the Mayor of the Quakers kicks the
grafters in tho street.
Just remember
Qlad September.
"When our rough and ready Teddy takes tho
toughest trusts in. tow
And boll-weevil wiggle weakly on th- cottoa
which wo grow;
When the Jolly Japanesekeya run tho Rus
sians off the sea.
And it looks a little funny to a' xaas. that's
up a tree,
Then remember
'Tts September.
r-Solca I ..Ooede.