The Sunday Oregonian., August 13, 1905, PART FOUR, Image 37

8
PAGES 37 TO 48
PART POUR
YQL. XXIY.
PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, . AUGUST 13, 1905.
NO. 33.
the Biggest Furniture
usinessin Portland
EVERY DAY OF PAST WEEK PROVED THE POWER AND POPULAR
ITY OF THIS MAMMOTH MIDSUMMER SALE OF CHOICE FURNITURE
Doing
THE SECOND WEEK of the grekt MIDSUM
MER FURNITURE SALE at G-ADSBY'S STORE
BEGINS TOMORROW.
The past week was a record-breaker. It demon
strated most effectively the magnificent expansion of
this "business. We sold more Purniture in the week
just enked th'an we ever did "before during a corre
sponding period of time.
We Inspire This Business by Giving
the Best Values in Portland
i We cut away from the commonplace; we compel
activity by resorting to vigorous methods.
THE MTOSUMMER SALES OF FURNITURE
AT GADSBY'S are always distinctly notable events.
You can buy fine Furniture in greatest possible variety
from the leading factories of the United States at
Prices So Low That They Are
Positively Phenomenal .
We take the best Furniture money can buy and
offer it at the lowest prices that can be asked. Many
pieces were used as exhibition samples, and are there
fore the finest that can be constructed.
Tomorrow's Specials Include
, PARLOR SUETS AND ODD PIECES, ODD
DRESSERS, CHIFFONIERS, MORRIS CHAIRS,
MISSION CLOCKS, MIRRORS, LEATHERED
OAK LIBRARY SUITS, YELOUR COUCHES,
BRASS AND ENAMELED BEDSTEADS AND
MATTRESSES
At Prices One-Third Lower
Than During Any Time of the Year
Except in Midwinter
Furniture purchased during this sale will be held
until delivery is requested. This is a convenience, for
people who will not resume their residence in town
until Fall.
P". ."V
( -
EXTRA SPECIAL
BARGAINS
' !;25 BOOKCASES in a rich, dark mahogany finish, worth $15 each,
f I
' will close them out at half price . . . . .
10 ARM CHAIRS, overstuffed, upholstered" in velours, regular
$15.00, now . . . . . . ...
60 ROCKING CHAIRS in solid oak, with leather seats, regulars
$3.75, during the sale at . x .
. $7.50
7.50
2.50
7 PARLOR SUITS, upholstered in Verona, 3 pieces, worth $25 17.50
13 SIDEBOARDS in genuine oak, 7 feet high, 52 inches wide,
- French bevel mirror 18x36 inches; regular price $38.00, re
duced to
25.00
i&oo
9.00
2.50
1.
12 OAK SIDEBOARDS worth $25.00, reduced. to, each X
100 IRON BEDSTEADS, value $13.00, now
50. IRON BEDSTEADS, price $3.50, now . ' - " -V .
200 DINING CHAIRS, cane seat, high back, regular $1.5,0, now
100 FOLDING BEDS, cabinet and upright (we bought too many for the Fair),
25 per cent discount on any of them. v
MISSION FURNITURE in weathered oak will be reduced 10 per cent in or
der to stimulate trade in this popular style.
Remnant Sale of Carpets
Wm. Gadsby & Sons
" , THE HOUSEFURNISHERS
Corner Washington and First Streets
THE SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
WIELDS POWER SECOND ONLY TO THAT OF
THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
TbU Is the first o aerie of four
artlclm by an experienced Washing
ton correspondent. Titles of other
to follow are: "Great Speakers of the
rant TVho Have. Contributed to the
Greatne of the Office"; "Some
I less cms Why 'Uncle Joe Cannon of
Illinois, the rrcsent Speaker. Is So
Popular," and "Fopnlar Conception
of the Office Often Rons to Extremes'
"M
R. SPEAKER" is the official title
of the man who never participates
in debates, who makes no set
speeches, and -who, throughout the long
session of Congress, listens to what oth
ers have to say. Ordinarily he confines
his remarks to "the gentleman from
Pennsylvania," or Home other state; "the
clerk will call the roll," or "the gentle
man's time has expired." with an occa
sional ruling on a point over which there
is disagreement among the members on
the floor.
To all outward appearances, "Mr.
Speaker' is only the Moderator of the
Houso of Representatives to keep order.
But in fact, he Is the political head of
tho legislative department of the Gov
ernment, and second only to the Presi
dent In the power that he wields. He is
the silent exponent of the lawmaking
power, and more than any other individ
ual voices his will in the legislative acts
which constitute the laws of the land.
The President recommends, the Speak
er acts, and whether he acts in harmony
with the President's recommendations de
pends very largely on his own Judgment.
He is the legislative leader, and his pow
er is that of director of the legislative
machinery. While that power Is not per
sonal, the man who holds the office stands
for the House of Representatives, which
initiates legislation, and his personality
as the leader of the majority may either
consciously or uncons4lously be the con
trolling spirit, which' puts forward or
retards certain proposed legislation.
Power Xot Self-Assumed.
X
Mr. Speaker has been called a Czar,
but the great power ho exercises is not
self-assumed, nor is it antagonistic to
the spirit of our Government. It is given
to him br tho constitution, and by the
! laws .Qf the land. In fact, "Mr. Spcak
1 er," as the head of the legislative ma
chinery is the sheet-anchor of democracy.
standing between the people ana tnc pos
sibility of a centralized power as repre
sented by the Executive who controls tho
patronago of the Government. Tho power
wielded by the man in the Speaker's chair
Tn tn Yiirva hvn fullv understood by
j the framers of the constitution, for they
were particular to muxe uubrcsa "o
lutcly Independent of the Executive by
providing that "the House of Representa
tives shall choose their own Speaker and
other officers; and shall have the solo
power of Impeachment."
This grant of power was so deliberate
that it was not even debated in the con
stitutional convention. It was a reversal
of the old British policy by which the
King nominated the Speaker of the House
of Commons. From the colonial Legisla
tures the Continental Congress had
learned that the lawmaking power should
not be controlled, even Indirectly, by tho
Executive and the Bouse of Representa
tives, which particularly represents the
people In the Government, was given' not
only the authority to choose its own
Speaker, but also the power to impeach
all other officials, Including the Presi
dent. His Lineage the Longest.
The right tq make their own laws was
the one supreme right for which the colo
nists contended, and the Continental Con
gress for years combined all supremo
agencies of the Government, executive as
well as legislative, and exercised admin
istrative control of the Government
through Its own chief officer. The Speaker
has, therefore, a longer Uncage than any
other official In the Government of the
United States, because his office dates
back to the Revolution and represents the
first great Idea of what a people's gov
ernment should be. He Is the elect of the
elect, and the chief of the Representatives
of the people. The legislative branch of
tho Government was the first recognised
In the Constitution, and there was some
deliberation in that body as to whether
there should be an executive department
or not. The Speaker Is one of the Repre
sentatives, but by their election he becomos
the exponent of the legislative power,
signing all Its acts, resolutions and ad
dresses, giving to these the official sanc
tion of the House. However democratic
Mr. Speaker may be on the floor of the
House or among the people, in all official
relations he represents the lawmaking
power, and Is the one particular head who
does stand for Congress.
In the ranking of officials, those who
assume to lay down the rules of official
etiquette havo placed the President first,
the Vice-President second and the Speaker
third, though some have claimed this third
place for the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, on the theory that In these first
three places should stand the chief repre
sentatives of the co-ordinate branches ot
the Government the executive, legisla
tive and Judicial.
Shut Out Vice-President.
But to carry that theory to its logical
conclusion would chut out the Vice-President,
who is neither a chief in the legis
lative or executive departments. He pre
sides over the Senate, but has no vote
except in the case, of a tie, and no voice
In the construction of committees, the
rules of the Senate, or the legislative pro
gramme. He is simply the moderator In
the Senate and the heir to the Presidency.
But tho Vice-President is the elect of the
people, the same as the President, anu,
these two are the only officials who hold
office by the combined vote ot the whole
people. The Speaker Is the elect of the
people In tho same degree, but by differ
ent methods, a majority of the Repre
nrniivM clvlnsr him office, whereas a
majority of the electors give the President
and Vice-President omce.
The Chief Justice owes his posltlon-to
the President, as do all subordinate offi
cials in the executive and Judicial de
partments. TVift ?nnk(r owes nothlnc to the Presi
dent for his preferment. He stands almost
the President s equal, ior ne is me ceau
of the legislative department, and. by the
way. the Constitution names these de
partments in tho order: Legislative, ex
ecutive and Judicial, placing the legislative
first and foremost In all that pertains to
the government of the people. It may ba
a question as to which pf these great
officials leaves tho greater impress ori the
country, for there have been Speakers,
whot ia the effect oZ laws enacted made
. 4 . .. . . J of commissions, without th nuthnHtv
sense, the subordinate 01 un- ... f. Ann9tltnttnn T.r
It has from time to time increased the
salaries of- the President, the members
of his Cabinet, the Judiciary and the
subordinate officials, and at the same
time has been afraid to Increase the
salaries of its own members.
But, notwithstanding the Inorease of
Executive power by Congress, which
has done so much to creute the Impres
sion that the Executive is the supremo
power of tho Republic. Congress re
mains the only source of lawmaking:
and the Speaker continues the expon
ent of that greatest of all power in
the government of tho United States
of America. Copyright. 190S. by s. S
Cllne. L. WHITE BUS BEY.
a greater and more lasting Impression on
the Government and the country than any
of the acts of the Presidents who were
contemporaries with them.
Personality, ability and experience seem
to be the chief agencies fer the elevation
of men to the Speaker's chair. There :
no patronage at the disposal of the office.
Tho Speaker has a secretary, a clerk to
the Speaker's table, a clerk in his office,
a messenger and a Janitor. He has the
selection of committees of the House,
which is a great power in the control of
legislation, but a doubtful advantage in
tho campaign for election, because prom
ises of good committee places would
wreck the best campaign ever put for
ward by a candidate for Speaker.
Thero have been few men elevated to
the Speaker's chair by combinations In
the House. The men who have reached
this great office have, as a rule, stood on
their merits as leaders in their party by
reason of personality, ability, or experi
ence. The Speaker can promise nothing.
He must bo governed by the same prin
ciple as the President, who Is the party
leader and the Executive of the whole
people. He has his party platform for
a guide and his obligation to the whole
people. The conditions of the country and
the welfare of the whole people must
guide him, as It must guide the President,
regarding, the wisdom of new legislation
to meet the popular outcry of a part of
the people. The Speaker may make mis
takes, but in the history of the country
such mistakes, as a rule, have been errors
of Judgment not only on the part of the
Speaker, but on the part of the majority
in Congress, rather than the weakness
of an Improper motive.
The Subordinate of Congress.
The one popular mistake regarding this
exercise of power by the Speaker, and
those responsible for his election. Is the
assumption that he is In some way subor
dinate to the President, and that the Ex
ecutive has authority over the lawmaking
branch of the government. The President
may recommend, he may call Congress In
extraordinary session, he may adjourn
Congress when the House and Senate
cannot agree upon a date, and he may
express his disapproval by the veto power.
He cannot coerce or direct Congress. He
is. In
gress, in that his duty Is to execute the
laws of Congress, and his power is largeij
given to him by Congress. He may ap
point men to of flee, after Congresa has
created the offices and provided the sal
aries therefor. He cannot create an office.
He cannot fix the compensation for an
officer. He cannot spend a dollar OjC
money until it has been appropriated by
Congress. . '
Tho Speaker is the one man who has it
In his power, more than all others, to for
ward the President's recommendations, to
increase the appropriations asked for, to
enlarge the official list, to authorize the
expenditure of money for the promotion
of war or peace. It Is not an absolute
power- given to the Speaker to do these
things or prevent them from being done,
but as the chief of the legislative branch
of the government, as tne man who ap
points committees of the House, and who
has control of tho legislative machine, he
possesses the confidence of his followers,
and he must accept the responsibility for
the action of the House and largely for
Congress.
Responsibility Is Great.
The office of Speaker is not one of honor
alone. It la one ot great power and great
responsibility, and It calls for a man of
great ability, great experience, much tact,
and as sound and reliable-Judgment as
can be found short of infallibility.
The late Thomas B. Reed was the most
abused Speaker of modern times, and tho
minority party at the close ot the Fifty
first Congress refused to unite with the
maloritv In giving to him the customary
nonpartisan vote of thanks. In the next
Congress, Mr. Keea, as tne minority lead
er, rose above partisanship In the closing
hour and offered the resolution of thanks
to Speaker Crisp, as he had four years
before offered the resolution giving the
thanks of the House to Speaker Carlisle.
In presenting the resolution of thanks to
Speaker Crisp. Mr. Reed gave one of the
best estimates of the office of Speaker
that has ever been placed on record. He
said:
No factional or party malice ought ever to
strive to diminish his standing, or to lessen
his esteem In the eyes of members, or of lht
world. No disappointments or defeats ought
ever to he permitted to show themselves to
the injury of that high place. Whoever at
any time, whether for purposes ot censure or
rebuke, or any other motive, attempt to
lower the prestige of that office, by Just s-
much lowers the prestige of the House Itself,
whose servant and exponent the Speaker 1
No attack, whether open or covert, can bo
made upon that great office without leaving
to the future a legacy of- disorder and bad
government. This is not because the Speaker
Is himself a sacred creation. It Is because
he Is the embodiment of the House. lt
power and dignity. If efforts of that kind
have been made th Pa8t' ,f at any Ume
tn the heat of passion, or In. the flush of ro
sentment over unexpected defeat, and over
throw, action has been taken which has
thus been inimical to the public good and to
the public order. let us leave to those who
so acted the honor or the shame, and In no
way Rive to their example the flattery of an
Hmttatlpn. While, therefore. . my associate.
and I have not forgotten the past. I am sur
that I speak tho sentiment of them all when
I say that the Republican party, without re
gard to what any other party may do. or to
what any party has done, will buttress, by
the respectful behavior of each and every
one of. Its members, this high office. There
fore, placing patriotism above partisanship,
placing duty above even a Just resentment.
notwithstanding we do not approve of tb
parliamentary law of, the Speaker and hW
associates, and deem that the system re
established is" undemocratic and unwise, nev
ertheless, by offering the customary reso
lution, we tender to the SpeaTcer of the
House tho expression of our belief that he.
like all his predecessors, has performed the
trying dutle of his office with upright in
tention and honorable purpose.
Criticism Qut.of Congress.
Aside from his sarcastic reference to
the action' of the Democrats in refus
ing to give him the customary vote of
thanks, two years before, Mr. Reed'3
estimate of tho Speakership and tho
respect duo to tho office meets with the
general approval of men who have
served In Congress or who have studied
the machinery of our Government.
There has ever been harmony of ef
fort tc maintain the high appreciation
of tho office and to accord to the
Speaker the position as leader of the
House and political leader of Congress.
The lawmakers have, as a rule, gone
further and held that the Speaker is
the most powerful exponent of the
rights of the American people, because
he represents their purpose as embod
ied In the laws of the land.
Krom outside the halls of Congress
wo sometimes hear the criticism that
Increased in recent years, and that
it has gone beyond the purpose of tho
tramers of the Constitution. Thw
criticism is not well-founded. The po
litical leadership of the Speaker Is as
old as the Government, and in the
early da-3 It was more forcibly shewn
than now. The Speaker has always
been recognized as the unquestioned
leader of the majority, and therefore
the leader of the Houso. The Speaker
of the Continental Congress was not
only leader In legislation, but also In
administration, for there was no Ex
ecutive, and the whole government was
in Congress. There was some question
In the Constitutional Convention as to
the necessity for creating an Execu
tive office, as there was fear of a een
trallzcd power, and great care was ex
ercised to limit the power of that of
fice after it was created, so that it
could never subordinate the legisla
tive. The rules of the House In the great
est power they give tho Speaker are
based on rules adopted for the govern
ment of the Continental Congress.
These rules have been elaborated to
cover many points In parliamentary
practice, but those that give the
Speaker his power over the House and
his infiuenco over legislation are not
more specific now than they were in
the beginning, more than 19 years
ago.
Free Surrender of Power.
Congress has done more to increase
the power and dignity of the Execu
tive and Judiciary departments than it
has to increase Its own power and its
own dignity, as it stands before the
world. It has stripped itself of some
power by granting- unquestioned au
thority to the President in controlling
tho enormous patronage of the Gov
ernment. It has made it almost a
penal offense for its own members to
even recommend men for office. It has
made it almost a penal offense for a
member of Congress to appear before
an executive department in the Inter
est of his own constituents regarding
the administration or the interpreta
tion of law. It ha3 permitted the Ex
ecutive to create officers. In the form
"Little Sermons' by
Elbert Hubbard
Aphorisms by the Editor of
"The Philistine."
ERT poor peonle usually mlml
other people's business. ami
therefore have no business of
their own.
Knowledge begins in wonder.
The more one thinks the mere one
simplifies.
The orator must subdue his audience
or it will subdue him.
Dentists were not needed until men
began to feed on mush.
On the whole, it is better not to. en
croach on the Munchausen preserve-,
I have not much respect for that
petty acumen that always perceives
difficulties.
The greatest mistake you can make
in life Is to be continuous fearing you
will make one.
Everything is waiting and watching
you to see what signal you hoist from
wjithin you attract that which you de
sire to attract.
V'e grow only through exercise, and
all expression Is exercise. The facul
ties we use grow strong, and those
not used, atrophy and wither away.
To have many friends, and then,
when calumny lowers, or calamity
threatens, to have these friends sud
denly desert you what happier fate!
The chief value of life insurance Ilea
In the fact that It Insures a man
against his own indiscretion, a thing
supposedly under his own control but
which never is.
Progress consists in taking things
out of the supernatural pigeen-hole
and placing them in the natural. As
soon as we comprehend the supernatu
ral, we are a bit surprised to find It is
perfectly natural.
The reason opinions are so diverse
concenrlng every strong man is that
most people fix their attention on some
particular phase of his character
some mere external eccentricity, pos
sibly, that Is of no value, one way ar
the other. The whole is what makes
up the character not these trivial
parts.
Much of what passes for oratory is
merely talk, lecture, harangue and
argument. These things may all be
very useful, and surely they have their
place In the world of work and busi
ness, but oratory is another thing.
Oratory Is the Impassioned outpouring
of a heart a heart full to bursting; It
is the absolute giving of soul to soul.
"When you makeyour will, put noth
ing in It but tenderness, kindness and
consideration. It is to be read after
your funeral, and Is a message from
the dead. All the hate In our compo
sition should be interred with our
bones let love alone live. Bronze
compliments bossed deep on memorial
tablets never yet thrilled human
the Speaker's power haa been largely, hearts like a loving; word In a will