Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Feb. 5, 1905)
THE SUNDAY OfiESONIAN, PORTLAND, FEBRUARY 5, 1905. Entered at the Postofflce at Portland, Or., as second-class matter. SUBSCRIPTION BATES. INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. (By Hall or Express.) Daily and Sunday, per year ....$9.00 Dally and Sunday, elz months 3.00 Daily and Sunday, three months 2.53 Dally and Sunday, per month .85 Dal.lv without Sundav. Tor year 7.50 Daily without Sunday, six months Dally without Sunday, three months. Daily without Sunday, per month.... Sunday. pr year. . Sunday, six months Sunday, three months BY CARRIER. Dally without Sunday, per week.... Dally por week, .Sunday Included.... THE WEEKLY OREGONIAN (Issued Every Thursday.) "Weekly, per year - 1.05 .B5 2.00 LOO .00 1.30 "Weekly, Fix months.......... j "Weekly, three months HOW TO JIE3UT Send poBtofflce money order,, express order or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency arc at the sender's risk. EASTERN BUSINESS OFFICE. The S. C. Beckwith Special Asency New York: Rooms 43-50, Tribune building. Chi cago; Rooms 310-312 Tribune building. The Oreconlan docs not buy poems or stories from Individuals and cannot under take to return any manuscript sent to it without solicitation. No stamps should be Inclosed for this purpose KEPT ON SALE. Chicago Auditorium Annex; Postofflce Kpmts Co., 17S Dearborn street. Denver Julius Black, Hamilton & Kcnd rlck. 000-012 Seventeenth street, and Frue nuff Bros.. 603 Sixteenth street. KitnsuH City. Mo. Ricksecker Cigar Co.. Ninth and "Walnut. JjOh Angeles Harry Drapkln. Oakland, CaL W. II. Johnston, Four teenth and Franklin streets. Minneapolis M. J. Kavanaugh. 50 South Third: L. Regelsburger. 217 First avenue South. New York City L. Jones & Co.. Astor Houee. Ogden F. R. Godard and Myora & Har rop. Omaha Barkalow Bros., 1012 Farnham; llageath Stationery Co.. 1S08 Farnam. Salt Lake Salt Lake News Co.. 77 "West Second street South. is an Franclhco J. K. Cooper & Co., 746 Market street; Foster & Crear. Ferry News Stand: Goldsmith Bros.. 230 Sutter; L. E." X, Palace Hotel News Stand; F. "W. Pitts, 100S Market; Frank Scott. 80 Ellis; N. "Wheatley, S3 Stevenson; Hotel St. Francis News Stand. Washington, D. C. Ebbit House News Stand. PORTLAND, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY G, 1905. NECESSARY DISTINCTIONS. It is a truism 'that, however strong the language and distinct the terms In which a statute is written, and no mat ter how severe the penalties denounced upon the violators, all will be o little purpose unless the people at large wish the statute enforced. "We have stat utes, and severe ones, aimed at every kind of vice, and not a few statutes aimed at practices and habits which' many do not deem vicious at all. These last can seldom be enforced. As to gambling. It should be re membered that people have a right to take chances in speculations and to risk money upon their judgment as to mat ters of skill among men, speed of horses, and many things more. Nor can they be estopped from gambling, as It is called, upon the future course of markets though perhaps it is the most ruinous of all. "Wise men do not enter tain the idea of stopping all betting and all speculating, but of suppressing the work of those who have special schemes, mechanical contrivances and the like, which take a man's- money and give him no chance, or very slender, to win with no means of inspecting the contrivance, scheme or "game," to dis cover by what means he has been cheated. Public sentiment in almost every community will support suppres sion of gambling of this kind. As to Sunday laws. Sunday has been chosen in all Cnristian countries as a rest day one day in each week. There are lines of business in which It cannot be observed, because work in such lines cannot be closed on Sunday. But through substitutes the workers get one day of rest in the week. If employes were not so protected they would often be oppressed; and this was the true ori gin of the Jewish Sabbath. On the es cape of the Israelites from Egypt, where they had been worked relent lessly, the Sabbath (Saturday) was set apart as a day of rest, by divine com roahd, as. the people were told, by the lawgiver, in commemoration of the fact that they had been delivered out of bondage. Our Sunday stands partly on a transformation of this Idea, and on its adaptation to conditions that ex isted in the early days of Christianity in the Roman world, and partly on the secular idea of the necessity of a day of rest. The Christian churches take charge of the first of these ideas and the secular state of the second of them. But the fact that Sunday is, to many; a religious holy day, can justly have no influence on making it a day of rest, or holiday, in the secular world. A Sun day-closing law can properly be based on no other ground than that it se cures a day of rest to the worker. AGAIN THE "SOCIALIST STATE." PORTLAND. Feb. 3. (To the Editor.) Does the state, as doCned by The Oregonlan "the whole organization of social democracy, po litical and industrial" mean more than- the people? If not, by state It means the people are to direct everything. And Is this the bugaboo of Socialism, why shouldn't they7 The whole system being "the people" (state), the Individual will really have his part and place In the Government. Good. This Is as It thould be, and Socialism Intends. Then will the people be able to manage their own affairs and interests as they sec lit; no autocrat fig urchcad or class oligarchy doing so as it best profits them. There will be no fatherly Czar talk nor Peabody overriding them. The peo ple will govern by a government of their own governing. Why should they be afraid to take charge of their own governing and In dustries and rule and regulate them under government of their own? They have a right to. let It be hoped they will. C. W. SAUNDERS. It is tile business of government to maintain law and order, and to direct the administration of public and pri vate justice: not to own the lands buildings, machinery and means and instruments of production of the coun try. direct the industries and distribute the proceeds. Private property is, the basis of -civilization. Government has its function and industry has its func tlon. Socialism would combine the two and ""nationalize" nil productive prop erty; and the result would be the "state," on the new basis of public own ershlp, social democracy and state-dl rectod industry. It would mean virtual annihilation of private property, of per sonal ambition, and of all the energies of a progressive civilization. To make the state an industrial and political ma chine to base the state on the ma chine or machinery, and not on men is to invert the whole order of Nature, and especially to reverse every leading principle of. human nature.. Men musl have a chance' t own 1n this world what they work for, and to hand it on to their children, orthey "Will not wbrk,1 Slavery to the collectlvlst state can be no better than slaven' " the Individual master; but worse, because hopeless.' Of course it will toe said that most per sons are "slaves!" now. A preposter ous assertion; for there is no man, how ever poor, who mar not have hopeful opportunity of an improved condition. But why continue these demonstra tions? The fallacies we are dealing with have little to-do with reasoning intelligence. They are held as a sort of religion, or'fetlchism, resting on faith or a fixed idea, rather than on proof, and therefore are not refutable by ordi nary reasoning. In political, social and economic matters, moreover, absolute demonstration is rarely or never possi ble. You have to content yourself by proving probabilities. Even to effect this you must show your reasons to those who can talk in terms that are rational and definable. These social istic notions will be cured finally by experience, and by the slow progress of human intelligence; The belief in the potency of the silver Idea and. argu ment was not overcome by discussion, but by the progress of events that Is, by experience. The belief in witchcraft was not destroyed -by discussion on that subject, but by discussion on other things. So of all fallacies that have flourished In one age or another among men. WE WANT THINGS DONE. If the great railway dynasty of Ore gon-would attend as it should to neces sary projects for development of terri tory that lies outside its present lines, there would be no demand for the en actment of bills like that proposed by Mr. Kllllngsworth of Multnomah. But the dynasty will do nothing Itself nor allow others. No railroad like that pro posed, for example, through the Coast Range to Tillamook, can do business unless it can make connection on fair terms with the lines that center at Portland. Every effort to build this road, as well as other needed ones, is balked or thwarted by the objections of the main lines, which refuse to take cars from the Independent roads on terms that can be met; and this fact being known, efforts to raise money or to enlist capital for these purposes are strangled. Time and again a railroad to Tillamook has been beaten in this way beaten in .New lone But the country wants these short auxiliary lines. It needs them. It needs them for local development. If the main lines will build them, well and good. But they will not; and each of the main lines puts a veto on initiative by another, and at the same time a veto on independent enterprise. Mr. Kllllngsworth's bill may not have any chance to be drawn from' the "cold storage" in which It has been laid away; but It represents something. nevertheless; and The Oregonlan today prints the remarks made by Mr. Klll lngsworth in support of it. It Is rea sonable that we should have these local lines, and it is not reasonable that the great" lines, which are in combination against others while they contend in bitter opposition among themselves, should obstruct them. By these conditions our coast coun-. ties remain sealed up. Dog-in-the-manger does " the business. So in re gard to development in various parts of the country east of the Cascade Mountains. That no road has been built, all these .years from RIparia, "Washington, along" Snake River, to Lewlston, Idaho, is another peculiar outrage. The great lines will not do these tilings nor permit others to do them. Such conditions call forth, while they justify, measures of legislation like ,that of the Kllllngsworth bill; which, whether altogether wisest and best or not, at least are protests against continued strangulation. DO ANIMALS THINK? To Harper's Magazine for February John Burroughs contributes a fascinat ing article entitled ".do Aiumais Think?" "Without reservation or quail flcation of any sort, the great natural ist denies to them the possession of reason or thought. He dismisses as worthless the testimony of any individ ual who accepts that which is agree able to his or her fancy without ask ing for proof. On this subject of proof he demands, where the report Is ante cedently improbable, the right to cross question the witness sharply. It is not safe, he says, to attribute to an animal any act Its ancestors could not have performed. Taking several published Incidents which, If true, would lead to the belief that certain animals do think, Mr. Bur roughs holds that the observations must have been Inaccurate, because It Is the rarest thing in the world that real observers see any of these start ling and exceptional things in Nature. Thareau saw none. "White saw none. Charles St. John saw none. John Mulr reports none, Audubon none. It is al ways your untrained observer that has his poser, his shower of frogs and liz ards, or his hoopsnakes and the like. The impossible things that country people see and hear of would make a book of wonders. Mr. Burroughs thus explains the pop ular belief that certain animals have a power higher than instinct: We are too apt to speak of the lower animals In terms that, wo apply to our own kind. We can hardly avoid It, but all mod ern comparative psychologists account for all their actions without attributing to them any of the higher human faculties. A cer tain situation leads to- a certain act, not be cause the aplmal thinks about it as we do and is conscious of its purpose, but because certain sense-lmpreaslons give rise to certain Impulses and these Impulses result In the act. There Is no mental process, no mental Image at all in the matter, any more than there Is in a man when he Instinctively dodges a blow, or .responds to a fine day. or to the odcra of his dinner. Sense-lmpres slons do It alL As strongest proof of his position Mr. Burroughs offers -the fact that animals do not think in any proper sense as we do, or have concepts and ideas', because they have no language. Thinking in any proper sense is impossible without language; the language is the concept. Our ideas are as Inseparable from the words as form Is from substance. "We may have Impressions, perceptions, emotions, without language, but not ideas. The child pereclves things, dis criminates things, knows" Its mother from a stranger, is angry, or glad, or afraid, long before it haaany language or any proper concepts. Animals know only things through their senses, and this "knowledge is restricted to things present in time and space." Reflection, or a return upon themselves in thought of this they are not capable. Their only language consists' of various cries and calls, expressions of pain, alarm, joy, love, aiger. They communicate with each other and come to share each other's mental or emotional states, through these cries and, calls. ' "In denying reason and thought to the animals' concludes air. Burroughs.' "we must' not forget how much of our own lives is carried on without the ex ercise" of these powers, being but the result of an Inward Impulse awakened by some external condition. It is like blushing, or sneezing, or falling in love, or our inherited dispositions, or bodily functions. "We have only to think of the animals as habitually in a condi tion analogous to or identical with the unthinking and Involuntary character of much of our own lives. They are creatures of routine. They are wholly immersed, intho unconscious, involun tary nature out of which- we rise, and above which our higher lives go on." WILL-POWER AS A CURE FOR DISEASE. The power of the mind over the body as a dependable force, when properly wrought upon by the determination of the individual, is a fact that has been so often demonstrated that it may be said that there is scarcely a commu nity in the land in which at least one example of this power has' not been furnished by proof that Is practically incontrovertible. The woman who, bed ridden for years, was absolutely sure that she could not walk, but who was presented with the alternative of walk ing or perishing in the flames of her dwelling, and who "willed to walk," furnished a well-authenticated example of this fact in a rural neighborhood not many miles distant from this city a few years ago. .More recently a case was brought to theattentlon of the writer of a woman In the second stage of consnmptlon, and verging rapidly upon the third, who was goaded Into the ex ercise of her will-power by seeing the neglect with which her two little chil dren were treated by a relative. "If they are treated In this way before I am gone," said the frail and emaciated woman, "how will it be afterward?" The dreadful suggestion stimulated her will and the mother arose from her couch, resolved to live for the sake of her little ones, and she is still living. in reasonably good health, though the little daughters whose welfare stimu lated her "will to live" in their help less Infancy are now women approach ing middle age. These are by no means isolated Incidents. As before said, al most every community Is familiar with a similar example of the power of will over disease. This question has recently received somewhat wide attention through an example reported by Dr. George E "Washburne, of Elkhart, Ind., before the Medical Association of his district. It was not hearsay evidence that he presented to the consideration of his medical brethren on the power of will overv disease, but evidence from his own home. The will-power In this "case was exercised, not by the patient hte young son but by the boy's mother. The child had been Injured by a fall. " Lxesulting in a clot or tumor on me 'A brain, which pressed In turn upon other braTn centers. .The verdict of scientists. including his own, was that the patient could not live more than a year at most, and that through the progress of the disease, involving other brain centers, he would in all probability, if he lived so long, become bjlnd, deaf, dumb and feeble-minded. The mother, as recorded by Dr. "Washburne, recoiled In horror from this diagnosis and resolved that she. would not accept It. Calling upon her will and yoking it with the power of suggestion, she began a course of treat ment that resulted In the complete re co very of her son. Her only resources were suggestions and her own will And this Is the story told by the phy sician to his brothers irr the profession Everr nleht when the boy went to sleep his mother controlled his difficult breathing by suggestion. She stopped his cough and straightened his paralyzed limbs. In two months, with the aid of no other treatment, he was out of danger and distress, was sleeping quietly every night and growing strong. Dr. "Washburne does not assert that this treatment would be successful In all cases. On the contrary, he Is cer tain that It would not. Organic trou ble, advanced so far that the tissues have been destroyed beyond hope of re pair, cannot be reached; broken limbs bullet wounds, etc require the aid of surgery, and defective eyes the aid of glasses. But he says: "All nervous and functional disorders as well as some organized lesions in the earlier stages can be quickly and st!ely reached by this means." He does hot shut himself up with Mrs. Eddy's "book" when seeking for the causes that underlie this power of the will and Its operation through suggestion. He sees nothing miraculous in the exercise of these Jn fluences nothing that proposes to put the "evidence ofMhe senses" to rout. Hesaya: We all have a certain amount of nervous energy which runs our bodily machinery, much as electricity runs an automobile. Itnaglno that the brain is a big generating motor of this electrical plant; the ganglia the bunch of nerve substance scattered at various points In the body are storage batteries and switching stations, like other" telephone centrals. Well, now let us repre sent the total amount of energy which any brain Is capable of generating by 100. Under ordinary, conditions this energy is dlstrlb utcd rather equally, the nerves earn U where it Is wanted, just like telephone wires. You are eating dinner, we will say; the nerves flash down extra energy to your stomach, to the muscles of your mouth tongue and throat, to all parts of the ma chine used in disposing or rood. You are writing a letter, the energy centers In your brain and Angers. I do not mean, of course, that it is totally withdrawn from the rest of the body, for the heart goes on beating, the lungs go on breathing, the liver continues to secrete bile, etc all the time. But a certain amount of the energy is evidently trans ferable on demand. The means by which the transferable en ergy In the system can be directed to any point is suggestion. Just how great this transferable or loose energy Is has not ve been estimated, but i can form an idea of how and why suggestion controls It. The part of the physician, operator or, to use an overworked term "healer," in such cases, as designated by, this authority. Is to teach the pa tient to relax both mind and body to the end that the energy otherwise em ployed to supply the thinking brain and the moving muscles may be set free, ready to be sent where it is most needed. The transferable nervous en ergy of the patient being thus sub ject to direction, it is sent by the oper ator to the point where it is required and the bullding-up process begins. Dr. "Washburne lays stress at this point upon the statement --that the operator should be a careful, well trained man, who knows just where to withdraw the force of suggestion, lest he drain the brain and the rest of th body of too much of their share of en ergy with disastrous results. He be lleves, however, that a sensible, consci entlous person with the requisite knowledge can use ' this force" with great' benefit to suffering humanity. The question Js one which the ordl nary-individual will and, in a large de gree, must think out for himself, keep ing his will-power within his own con trol If he would be reasonably sure- of reaping legitimate benefit through its exercise. The so-called scientist, with the little learning that is a dangerous thing, commits ravages enough in the world of ailing human beings when he confines his treatment to the body. "When he invades the reafm of the mind and yokes Its subtleties and powers to his "practice," It may well be con ceived that his power for mischief is greatly and, it may be, dangerously in creased. A YEAR'S FIGHTING. A year ago and Japan was "cherry- blossom land." The name called up to J Occidental minds a quaint little coun try, "peopled by Httle brown artisans and -tiny maids that flirted fans. Today the name Japan. has a martial ring in "Western ears. It suggests grim sailors. soldiers who march Into the jaws of death as lightly as to parade, and women who send forth their husbands and sons to die for the Emperor. The cherry-blossoms have been replaced In our pictures by bloody ensigns, and the rustle of leaves is drowned In the roll of musketry. In the brief space of one eapj for it was on this day ln1904 that diplomatic relations were broken off be tween Japan and Russia, the little-re garded lotus-land has stepped Into the ranks of the world powers. Japan- took her place as a military nation In one bound. Mlnerva-llke, she was born Into the so-called civilized world armed cap-a-pie. It was on February 8 that the Japan ese fleet struck the first blow, destroy ing the cruisers Variag and Korletz In Chemulpo Harbor and making the memorable torpedo attack on the squadron in" Port Arthur. The daring of "little Japan" excited .admiration, but there was an almost universal feel ing that the island empire must be overwhelmed" in a struggle with the Colossus between whose feet stretched two continents. Today, a year 'later. what is the situation? Japan has forced one of the greatest armies of modern times back from the sea to Mukden, about 150 miles. She administers all Corea, which she holds in undisputed peace. She has wiped out of existence a great modern fleet and has captured one of the greatest modern fortresses, She is now maintaining overseas an army estimated at 325,000 men, at a distance of more than 100 miles frcm Nluchwang, the nearest port. She has altered the gauge of the railroad from Port Arthur as far as Yental. to the north of Llaoyang, and has American locomotives running over the line, so that a passage from Toklo to Man churlan headquarters via Dalny now occupies but six days. In addition the railroad has been completed from Fu Ban, in the south of Corea, to Seoul, the capital, and is being pushed on to the Yaiu, thus clinching the Japanese hold on Corea and affording Oyama an additional line of communication. It has been a year of extraordinary military achievement for Japan. Throughout the entire campaign not a single mistake of consequence has been made by a Japanese commander. The most adverse, critics merely-conderan what they term Japanese over-caution and in this connection it Is worthy of note that Colonel Gaedke, a German expert who has been with the Russian army, censures Kuropatkln for the same falling, y Few uniforms cover a Napoleon. The Japanese may err on the side of discretion, but it is results that count. They have gone steadily forward In pursuance of- their plan of campaign, and at this time indications point Jto their final and complete suc cess. This nation of a year has fur nished .the world with food for thought. Japan achieves; Russia explains. . THE MODERN BLOCKADE-RUNNEB, The Japanese have already gathered in two or three of the enterprising blockade-runners that have sailed from the Pacific Coast ports with supplies for the beleaguered Russians. Thus far but few of these craft have succeeded In landing their cargoes at points where they could realize on the risk run, and, unless the fleet now loading, en route or chartered to load, has better success than has yet been attained, the Indus try will lose some of Its attractions. Blockade-running from our earliest his tory has proven a fruitful source for exciting tales of the sea, but even this kind of enterprise has changed with J other changes on sea and shore. Many of the men who still go down to the sea In ships are of the old "breed of the oaken heart." such as "sailed with Drake and fought with Blake." They are fully as daring and reckless as the heroes of the sea tales of "W. Clark Russell or Captain Marryat, but they are sailing under a handicap such as never troubled the seamen and blockade-runners of the old days. The electric cable and high-speed steam craft have combined to put a new tinge on the romance that has always hov ered over the blockadc-runnex. In the old days the fastest sailers afloat were engaged, their chief merit being thelr ablllty to show a clean pair of heels to any pursuing craft that might attempt to overhaul and capture them. Today the typical blockade-runner Is an an cient, snub-nosed, pot-bellied tramp steamer, whose days of usefulness on a regular route are nearly over. "Vessels of this type are selected, not because they have speed enough to keep out of the way of even a moderately slow cruiser, but by reason of their Infirm ities which render them of small value forany other purpose. The shipowner, who might hesitate before dispatching a $1,000,000 steam ship with a contraband cargo, would tblnk'and act quite rapidly if an ab normally hlght freight rate was of fered for a vessel of only one-tenth or one-twentieth the value. The finest clippers afloat were sought as blockade-runners before the age of steam. Now the poorest steamers afloat are In equal favor for the same class of bus! ness.,- The old clipper sailed out of port with her contraband cargo and usually the knowledge of her depart ure was not in possession of the enemy untiLehe showed up in the vicinity of her destination. Now even the char ter of a blockade-runner Is known all over the world as soon as the agree ment I? made. Of course, it is never given out that these charters are for other than strictly commercial business, but not a single blockade-runner that has left the Paclfie Coast since the war began concealed Its Identity from the Japan' ese or any one else In any way Inter ested in them. Not only were the movements of the craft reported by- cable, but even the minutest details of the cargoes on board were in the hands of the enemy long before the vessels sailed from this coast. Under such clr cumsfances blockade running Is vastly' different from that which made many Interesting pages in history.' Inci dentally, ithas lost some of its ro mance. The "Weston - (Umatilla . County) Leader, published at the .place where one of the Normal Schools Is established and supported, in violation of Jhe corf stltutlon of the state and in studied de fiance of it, says: With aU due respect to the esteemed Ore gonlan, the. Weston Normal School U Just about as valuable in its' own line of en deavor as the Portland Fair will be to the state at large. .And neither la It any more of a "local graft.' -"With all due respect to- the. esteemed "Weston Leader,. The Oregonlan has to say these things, to-wlt: (1). Portland at the outset subscribed and paid In for the Lewis and Clark Fair a sum as great as the state appropriated for it; and Portland pays one-third of the amount appropriated by the state, be sides. (2) "The Portland Fair" is not a local concern, but stands for the benefit of every part tif the state, and of the entire Northwest. (3) "When the .Fair Is done It is done', and It Isn't to come to the Legislature every session, till the end of time or the crack of doom, for more money, as the "Weston school a purely local Institution, will. (4) The pretense that the "Weston school is necessary for the preparation of teach ers Is ridiculous. It exists as a local academy or high school, claiming on false pretenses the support of the state. Besides, it is not the proper business .of the state to educate teachers, or mem bers of any other profession. The whole scheme Is built on false pretenses. The one object is to compel the state to support local academies. This and other abuses will be upset some day. through a constitutional "convention or otherwise. Possibly a new county is to be cre ated in the Hood River district, but not certainly. It Is 'proposed to call It Cascade County. That name Is not significant The Cascades of; the Co lumbia are fine. But the name Is not significant. Man Is above Nature, greater than Nature. The greatest thing on earth is man: for mind Is greater than matter. If a new county Is to be created, call It Nesmlth County. Subjectivity Is all; objectivity, by com parison. Is nothing. Man Is above all names, for he makes all names. "With out man there would be no names, Then let man have the pre-eminence. The next new county whether in Hood River Valley or elsewhere name it Nesmlth. Let us shame ourselves out of such names as "Stockman County and "Cascade County," and "Hot Lake County," and "Hot Air County," and "Salmon Head County," and "Beaver Tall County" so long as men like Nesmlth and Palmer and Grover arid Williams and Boise and Lee and Blan- chet are unrecorded or omitted, in our bead-roll of names. It Is not for The Oregonlan to say whether any, new county should be created now. iv not, People In interest must judge. But The Oregonlan wishes to say (hat the next new county created in Oregon should be called Nesmlth County. Is Oregon ever to show that she has ; sense of her history and of her obliga Hons to those who made It? The wheat market Is still soaring in the East, the May option now nearing the 5120 mark, with still higher prices probable before the manipulators let go the strong hold which they have on the situation. The most remarkable feature of the market Is the tremendous "spread" between May and July op tlons. "While the near-by option sold yesterday at $1.17, July did not get above $1.02. This 15-cent differential under normal conditions 'would be lm posslbltf, but this has been an abnor mal yeAr In the wheat market, and the trend of prices has been a succession of surprises. Nothing but manipulation or the fear of a corner In May wheat could place the July option at such heavy discount under the near-by month, for there Is not enough new wheat available In July to warrant any- such extravagant spread In prices. More coast, steamships are running out of Portland In the passenger trade than ever before In the history of the port, and most of them are doing a thriving business. They are enabling this city to build up a fine trade with the Southern Oregon and Northern California ports, and, as the Lewis and Clark Fair will have a tendency to In crease passenger traffic, the freight business developed meanwhile will be sufficient to guarantee a continuation of the present excellent service. The announcement that a steamer from Gray's Harbor will be placed on the run during the Fair Indicates that some of the visitors from the north are ex pected to take advantage of a sea trip. Southern California Is dismayed at the great damage done by floods. All Los Angeles railroads are tied up. The Los Angeles River has reached the" highest point In years. Bridges arc in danger. Streets are choked up. Oil from the wells Is carried- down from the mountains with the water. The to tal rainfall for the present storm is 3.55 inches. It Is ungracious to seek any sort of advantage out of the trib ulations of a neighboring state, but, as the peripatetic orator said at the fu neral, we take occasion now to call at tention to the glorlousiy equable and delightfully dry climate of Oregon. "The State University Is equal to that of any other state, population and appropriation considered," says the Eu gene Register. No doubt. But It could be better, and it ought to be better. It has in its literary course 248 students or thereabouts for whom an appropri ation of $125,000 was made In 1903 for the two-year term. The appropriation for the University of "Washington Is about the 'same. The University of "Washington has, probably twice as many students as the Oregon school. So the inquiry Is Justified as to whether 'Oregon Is getting what It pays for? On top of It all, the state once made an appropriation for a Summer Normal School at Newport. The Governor vetoed the bill and was with some diffi culty sustained in the Legislature. The moral would seem to be that every town that wants a normal school ought to- have It. There could be no objec tlon if the town footed the bills. General Stoessel is at last heard from and he declares Port Arthur could not have held out a moment longer. It Is sufficient for the purposes of his tory, to know that it didn't. It begins lo look as If no state or Government lands will be safe until S. A D, Puter is behind the, bars. NOTE AND COMMENT. Desperate efforts are being made to bring1 motor-boat rating to the front as a- popular sport, but so far the pro moters have failed to cause a single death. Fourteen wives await the arrival of Hoch in Chicago." Poor,levll. An Incubator filled with prematurely born babies is proposed as an attrac tion for the Trail. A nice morgue might be fitted up alongside. Chief Hunt appears to have found the key. to the combination houses. If SnTncespeare were alive today he would change his "false as dicers oaths" to "false as a Colorado ballot." It is gratifying to note that in the general hustling to 'protect game that sport-giving bird, the salt-water crub. has not been overlooked. Fifty crabs a day .Is considered a reasonable num ber for one gunner to bring down in a day. and indeed the man who would exceed this limit must be a game hosr of the worst description. So far wc have not seen a champion of the silent but deeply ruminative clam step forth. Fish are to be safe on theoverland route and fishhooks smaller than a bower anchor were to have been con traband, but fiot u. bill has been intro duced to protect the hard-working clam, who furnishes us with chowder. to say nothing of rendering possible that most delightful of al fresco ban quets, the clam bake. "We call upon some Representative from a seaboard county to defend the clam. Let no man be permitted to shoot more than 25 a day or use a gill-net with meshes smaller "than a foot square. Make It a felony to rob a clam's nest of its eggs, and above all provide a punishment for the heartless persons who make two clams do the work of 50 in their urns of clam nectar. In the burning of Otto Kuhn's New Jersey home, a rug that cost $100,000 waar consumed. "We suppose Mr. Kuhn will now have to wipe his feet on the grass. Teachers will havo to give 30 days" notice before resigning. This will pre vent superintendents from saying, "This Is so sudden. Miss Pedagogue." Chicago 1? under the yoke of an egg famine. Kuropatkin's turning movements are usually turned down. A deputation of St. Petersburg print ers has interviewed the Czar Just to present their case, probably. . "The broad waist Is now popular," says a fashion writer In the" New York Press. It always was, ft It belonged to the right girl. Down in Alameda a 3-year-old boy lies at the point of death as the result of. Injuries received while being hazed. Hazing Is now. established as an essen tial element of collegiate education, so it is eminently- fitting that its study should bo taken up by boya at as early an age as possible. It is rather sad that so young a lad should' die as the result of his first lesson, but then one can't have omelettes wirhouf breaking eggs. Butto "society" women are devotees of fan tan, says a dispatch from' the Montana metropolis. Despairing of finding the devil where Mary MncLonn failed, Butte's fairest" have evidently sought the tiger instead, and with greater success. But It'o a curious thing that In Police Court news every. woman Is a "society" woman, what ever that may mean, and every girl pinched for shoplifting Is "young and strikingly handsome." Apparently crime has a beautifying effect upon woman, and just the opposite upon man, for every burglar or other trlfjcr with th laws that comes into the clutches of the police is "desperate looking" or of "murderous appear ance." "Waterbury has an "Oathless Club." All.sterawinders, probably. An exchange quotes a child's reply to the question, "What arc the functions of the skin?" as" "To prevent us looking raw. A pretty good answer, too. out it is a function the skin does not completely fulfill when the cold winds are blowing In Portland. Charles Lockhart. who died recently in Pittsburg, was a Scot who went to work In that city at a salary -of lo cents a day, so that he can hardly be rated as having worked his way up from nothing. He left an estate worth at the lowest estimate $50,000,000. and yet few persons had ever heard his name. Lockhart's tastes didn't run to libraries, but ho built a magnificent church In Pittsburg. so that he probably has a donor's pew In the other world. Standard Oil appears to run to churches somehow. Lockhart builds one and Rockefeller teaches In one, so that the public. In paying In creased prices for oil. Is not merely pour Ing money Into the coffers of monopoly, but Is helping to maintain religious edi fices and also principles, which are per haps as Important. If less showy. Cuess the Chinese water-wagon has s crowd aboard Just now. A rich New Turk woman has built an automobile on the plan of an Irish Jaunting-car. It is sad to think of a "car" without a bit of a stepper between tho shafts. "Why follow a fickle fashion book." asks the Chicago Post, "when you're In tune with Nature by matching gowns to the sklitlr, gray if the day Is gray, red at sunset, blue for a fair afternoon? Dress to suit the skies." That's a tine sensible niece of advice. If a woman could wear about 50 frocks at the same time, like some of the vaudeville Impersonators, i?o that she could peel them off rapidly on thfi street until she came to one that matched tho sky, all would be well. With the changeable weather of February', woman would havo to ,bc more than "lightning change artist" to avoid being caught with a blue skirt when the aky was black. "A dress suit doesn't necessarily cover a millionaire," sadly remarks Tho Stroller of the Seattlo Argus. Did The Stroller have to walk home from a dance? In the current number of the North American Review, President Thwlng has an article entitled. "Should College Stu xdents Study?" Certainly they should. professor; they can't master the football , signals without study. - . "WEXFORD JONES 7 ! ' AMERICANS INJ5E PHILIPPINES The well-known French "Revue des deux Mondes" recently published an arti cle by M. Rene Plnon, under the head ing. "The Americans In the Philippines." r After the numerous articles in tho Euro pean press which appeared at short In tervals after the Treaty of Paris, and which accompanied with sarcasm and In uendo our efforts for the establishment of order and the fostering of prosperity In the Islands, the treatise now in ques tion is refreshing. We have had much advice to see ourselves as others see us. Here is one who sees us without fear or favor, as we wish to be seen. A summary of M. Plnon's article may be of general Interest. He refers In opening to the spirit of expansion which, after overrunning this continent, crossed the Pacific at a bound and created a colonial empire at ono stroke by dominion over 8,000,000 Inhabi tants of the archipelago. In terse sentences our author sketches the history of tho American occupation from Admiral Dewey's destruction of the Spanish squadron in Cavlte Bay on May 1, 1S5S, through the . suppression of "the organized and armed insurrection, to the point where brigandage was being put down- by the actionof tho native scouts and police, and tho withdrawal of the main part of tho American Army. He . emphasizes President McKinley's Instruc tions to the Taft Commission at the close of 1SSD. The Filipinos were to have the I largest share in the administration con sistent with the maintenance of order and the recogidtlon of American sover eignty. American civilization, education, social and commercial development, tho full rights and duties of citizenship, were to result from the organization of gov ernment by the United States. To thl3 Ideal Governor Taft, above all. has bc?n faithful. As In Cuba, so in Manila, the health officers, of the Americans waged effective war against tho filth 'and. con- . sequent disease which mude Manila a pest house for the white man. Social and political reorganization have gone hand in hand. Municipalities have been revived and strengthened, native officials belnt? elected under a free though limited suffrage. Self-government in matters of local taxation, public works and Improvements has been set on foot. Provinces have been organized. The pro vincial Governors have been appointed by the civil Governor-General from a list of councillors elected hy limited suf frage. The requirements for voters were declared to be ability -to. speak and read Spunlsh or English, the payment of taxes to $15 a year, or the previous hold ing of a municipal office. Four American and threo Filipino Judges filled tho bench of the Supreme Court. The in ferior courts wero largely supplied with Judges from the native lawyers. Wher ever possible Government officials of every grade were selected from the na tive source. In these and other ways about to be noticed the guiding motto was observed. The labor question was difficult of so lution. That Filipino judges, lawyers, doctors, newspaper men, officials, police Officers abounded was plain. "Whether the Filipinos would undertake and keep faithful to the hard and continuous work demanded for a successful development of the agricultural and mechanical In dustries was another question, not even yet fully answered. The Chinese was ever at hand to carry the burden of labor the Filipino was unwilling to lift. Interested parties in the united States advocated the removal of all barriers In the way of a Chinese Invasion. But the Government stood firm and gave another proof of Its devotion to tho interest of the community as against individual self ishness. A most difficult subject was the relation of the new administration to the Catholic Church and the friars. At the outset Governor Taft recognized the debt due to the church as shown by the Christianizing and modernizing through tho course of threo centuries of the Ideal of 7,000,000 of Malays. Doubtless their Christianity dif fered from that of Europe or America. But their preparedness to accept educa tion and all that accompanies civilization testified to their centuries of advancement over the .Mohammedans, tnc ijuaamsis nml thn lntv rls Phinnso Rurroundinc them. Tho attachment of tho Filipinos to Catholicism Is deep-seated. In the Islands the Spaniards had placed tho four great monastic orders in charge of tho Interests not only of the church, but of tho state. Political power accumulated In their hands, and they became possessed of the larger part of the state lands and prop erty. . . Deeply hated by the natives. the friars were the mainstay of the Span ish oower. The solution of so difficult a question must come through some Inde pendent authority, of grado high cnougn to compel the respect of all. The papacy was the only one; and the Washington Government opened negotiations with the Holy See. The mission to Rome of Gov ernor Taft under Instructions- from Presi dent Roosevelt and Secretary Root demon strated the importance attached to a happy result by the President and his ad visers?. "With American directness the en voys went straight to the purpose. Very shortly the terms were arranged by which the lands of the friars were purcnaseu dj the American Government, and tho friars ot Spanish birth were to be replaced by those of other nationalities. Thus the Intluenco of the church from hostile has been converted Into a potency In favor of the work of civilization. Alter alT. the progress- made the essential ques tion before the Americans still awaits so lution, 'for two essentially differing races are face to face. The benevolent efforts of the Civil Governor hsive not yet healed all the Ills of conquest. The economic life has- been upset, cheap American goods have replaced those of German or British orlglnV a course and overbearing custom house system offends the stranger who ventures In the ports, society has been disturbed by the introduction bf American manners, and the religious crisis with IVt Protestant propaganda has not yet settled Into place. It Is possible, therefore, that the experiment of the Americans may yet fall. To appreciate the work, however, one must not confine the view to the Philip pine archipelago alone but raise one's eyes to the great ocean, and to the yellow world of which the Philippines form part. All said and done, the Islands aro an Im perial possession, an outpost of the United States toward the dominion of the Pacific, a position of high military and commer cial Importance in prdximity to the Chi nese world. After all, to the French and other European nations it is not the future of the Filipino people which concerns them. It Is of tho highest consequence, on the other hand, that In face of this evor-growing Japan, the American power has set Itself to maintain In the extreme Orient the equilibrium necessary to the interests of Europe. Fixed in the Philip pines for good, the Americans need their strong Navy, their disciplined Army. If. discouraged by the difficulties of the. un dertaking, they brought "their minds to Us abandonment, the archipelago would promptly pass. If not under the domina tion, certainly under the- influence of Japan. Here, then, is one good reason for desiring in all sincerity the success of the Americans In the grand work of civil ization undertaken by them. Cecil Rhodes' Brutality. Cecil Rhode at times indeed, generally had a brutal way of speaking to em ployes. The Princess Radzlwill In her book has this savage anecdote of him: One day some tourists of Importance were visiting Groote Schuur, where they had been entertained by Mr. Rhodes; he took them himself ovor the house and grounds, and at last showed them ono of Lobengula's sons, whom he employed as a workman on his estate. This led to a talk about the Matabelc rebellion, and the visitor asked Mr. Rhodes in what year It had taken place. The co lossus thought for. a moment, then called to him the young native. "Look here." he said." "what "year did I kill your father?"