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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Oct. 30, 1904)
THE SnNHDAY OEEGONIAK, PORTLA2STD. OCTOBER 30, 1904. What a CJale Student Spends a year THE RICH YOUNG MEN DEVOTE MUCH LESS MONEY TO BOOKS THAN DO THE POOR 32 R. "WTLXJAM B. EAIL.ET, of the Yale faculty, has for several years been making- an investigation of the cost of living of college students. Tale juniors and seniors "who nave been in his classes have handed in -weekly accounts of their expenditures, and from these Dr. Bailey has deduced his results. It is the first authoritative study of such statistics in Tale, says a New Haven correspend ent of the Kansas City Star. Dr. Bailey has found, for instance, that the average yearly expense account of a Tale student is $1100. Some spend as much as $3000 for a year at Tale, while some get along on as little as $300. The study which Dr. Bailey has made of the figures handed In to him by Tale men show, he says, that the more money a student has to spend the more he will put into pleasures. He also says that a comparison of the expenses of high stand and low stand students shows that the poorer scholars spend more on pleasure and harmful amusements, while as a rule the man who stands highest in his classes gives the least attention to the pleasure side of his college life. xne average Tale undergraduate who spends in a year $1100 divides his money about as follows: On necessities, which Include rent, tuition, board, clothing, laundry, medical attendance, traveling, furStnre and minor expenses he spends an average yearly of about $800; on booksf periodicals and stationery he spends $50; on pleasure, which includes theaters, pool and billiards, social functions, flowers, music, society dues, chance suppers and athletics he spends on an average of $200; on tobacco and intoxicants, $50. Out of his total bank account for the year the average Tale man spends 72 per cent for the necessities of life, 18 per cent for pleasure and 4 per cent each for station ery. Including books, and for tobacco and liquor. Dr. Bailey compares this with the ox; penses of the average unmarried instruc tor at Tale. The instructor spends a lit tle more on necessities, less on pleasures, about twice as much on books and half as much on tobacco and drinks. Com pared with the same set of figures gained from the expense accounts of unmarried men of about the same age as college undergraduates, but on salaries In banks, shops and business offices, and who aver ages $1000 a year expenditures, an inter esting result is shown. "Where the college man spends 72 per cent of his income for necessities, the unmarried business man spends 55 per cent. "Where the Tale man spends 18 per cent for pleasures, the non college man on the same financial plane spends 31 per cent. The average young business man In New Tork spend? 10 per cent of his total income on wines and cigars, where the Tale student spends A per cent. The commonly accepted dictum that the average college man is addicted to cafes, a3 compared with the young man out of college, evidently does not hold good from these figures. The New Tork unmarried man puts twice as much money each year Into drinks and tobacco as the Tale man does. The average Tale man spends $28 a year on the theater. where the business man of his own age spends $60. In pool and billiards the New Torker also spends much more money than the Tale man. A curious deduction from the figures collected by Dr. Bailey is that the unmarried young business man In a large city like New Tork spends his money in much the same proportion as tne richer and more luxurious xaie stuaeni. Poor, Rich, Richer. How Tale men of varied means appor tlon their annual income Is shown by Dr. Bailey. Three classes of Tale students were asked to hand In weekly statements of their accounts those who spent under $700 annually in class 1, those between $700 and $1000 In class 2. and those who went above $1000 a year In class 3. The result of this comparison is Interesting. Nine out of every ten of the richest men. class 8, spent less on books than their poorer fellows. Board was the heaviest Item with the noorest class and clothing the heaviest with the richest. The poorest men spent more on athletics than either of the richer classes. Tne following taDie prepared by Dr. Bailey shows the com parison of percentages in expense be tween the poor, richer and richest sets of men. Poor. Rich. Richer, Ter ct. Ter ct. txr ct. Necessities 81 78 69 rPlejujur 10 15 20 Stationery and books 6 6 Tobacco and drinks 1 1 Soma of the items collected by Dr. Bailey show the way these different sets of Tale men spend their money. A poor student spends on an average $S0 for room rent during his college year, $121 for board, $51 for clothes, $30 for traveling, $22 for books, $S for theaters, nothing for pool and billiards, $8 for social functions. $2 for flowers for his best girl, $8 for gambling. $10 for athletics and $9 for sup pers. The man who has a little more money lets himself out a little on his pleasures. He spends $131 a year for room rent. $143 on board, $110 on clothes, $58 for traveling, $33 on books, $22 on theaters. $4 on pool and billiards, $21 on social duties, $4 on flowers, $22 on dues to secret socl etles, $12 on chance, $16 on athletics, $18 on suppers. The richest man goes up on his poorer classmates all around. He has a better room, lives at a better "eating Joint," dresses better, travels more. spends more on his room furniture, gets more costly books, goes to the theater more, Is a better pool and billiard player. spends more on the girls of his acquaint ance, takes in the musical events, can af ford to Join the college fraternities, goes in for gambling on college athletic events, spends a great deal more on cuppers and is a more liberal supporter of athletics. He spends 14 times as much as the poor man on tobacco and wines. The average yearly expense of the rich Tale man is $15S for his room, $1S5 for his board. $236 for his "Jeans." $112 for traveling, $61 for room furniture, 54a. for books, $37 for the theater, $12 for pool and billiards, $52 for social functions, $15 for flowers, $11 for music. $35 for fraternity dues, $25 for gambling,.$19 for athletics, "543 for suppers and $S4 for tobacco and wines. The an nual average of the Tale poor man is $472, of the richer man $872, of the richest stu dents. $1465. The Richest and the Poorest. A curious comparison can be made from these figures as to the proportion spent by the richest men on necessities and pleasures and that of the poorest men. Taking students who spend over $3000 yearly and men spending $300 and under, the figures show that the richest men spent 52 per cent of their .income on necessities as against 90 per cent by the poorest men, 26 per cent on pleasure as against 3 per cent, ana 5 per cent on to baoco and wines as against nothing. On the other hand, the poorest men at Tale spend a great deal more on books and stationery in proportion to their income. Another comparison made by Dr. Bailey is between the good scholars and the low standard ones. As stated above, this shows that the better scholars are much more careful of their living. They spend more on necessities and naturally books, and much less on pleasure. Tale1 high-stand men spend 1 per cent of their income on tobacco and wines where the poorer scholars spend 8 per cent. Another Interesting comparison Is made by Dr. Bailey between the way Tale men spend, their money and the way college irk spsad lfc. jl calth sad X$ar College girls spend their money in about the same ratio as Tale men who have moderate means. But where Tale men spend about one-seventh of their money on clothes the girls spend a fourth. This Is an In teresting side light on what goes on at Smith and Vassar. Another unexpected thing is that Tale men spend much more on periodicals and books than the college girls. A Tale man takes four magazines or newspapers to one taken by a Smith or Vassar girl. He also spends twice as much on books. This would seem to stick thorn in the side of the literary critics who have always maintained that it is the young women who support the maga zines. Compared with the Tale "co-ed," the long-haired grind" of the Tale Glee Club song, tne amitn ana vassar giris are riotous spendthrifts. The Tale "co-eds" spend their money quite as the poor Tale men spend theirs. They spend half much on clothes as the college girls do. Of course the girls do not spend anything for the "vices" of the men, such as poo) and billiards, athletics and tobac co and wines. But they do spend an in ordinate amount In candy. Ice cream sodas, "tea." and, to their credit, char ity. There Is no mention of that factor In the Tale financial budget. Vassar, Smith and Yale. A comparison of the way Smith Col lege, Vassar and Tale women graduate students spend their Incomes has been computed by Dr. Bailey. On necessities, including clothing, the Smith girl spends $765 annually, the Vassar girl $788 and the Tale "co-ed" $471. On books, period icals and stationery the Smith girl spends $27 yearly, the Vassar girl $31 and the Tale "co-ed" $38, showing that the grad uate student who is a woman In a man's college Is much more Interested In her library than In her clothes. In the pleas ure account some Interesting things are found. Thus on the theater the Smith College young woman leads the race with )lb WOrtn Ol xiCKeis a y oa.i , no utuiub $9 for the Vassar girl and $6 for tha Tale "co-ed." In social functions, also, the Smith girl leads. She spends $22 a year in entertalnin.'r against $9 by her Vassar friend and only $2 by the New Haven woman graduate student. On flow ers also she leads, with $5 a year against $3 for Vassar. She is aione in her de votion to athletics, spending $4 a year. At Vassar and with the Tale "co-ed" there is no mention of this expense at alL In suppers the Smith and Vassar girls are alike, each spending $12 a year. In charity the Smith girl spends $1 more a year than the Vassar girl, $3 for one and $2 for the other. The Tale "co-ed" is too busy to mention this. In money spent for music alone does the Vassar girl lead. She spends $14 a year for music, against $9 by the Smith girl and $3 by the Tale "co-ed." On the other hand, the Smith girl has to have a doctor a good deal more often, possibly because her expense account for "social func tions" Is larger. She pays more for her furniture, her laundry and less for her traveling and clothes than her sister al Vassar. Altogether, the Smith girl man ages to get away with $891 of her pa ternal bank account each year, the Vassar girl $885, and the hard-working and frugal Tale "long-haired grind" but $528. The average Smith girl spends le3s on necessities than the Tale man, even if she spends less total a year. The Tale man spends yearly on clothes $182, the Smith girl $230: on furniture the Tale man spends $32 and the Smith girl $21: on board the Tale man doles out $162 and the Smith cirl $165. The account for books is $38 for Tale and $18 for Smith; on ieriodicals. $6 for Tale and $1 for Smith: on the theater. $28 for Tale and $16 for Smith; on social functions, $35 for Tale and $22 for Smith, though this Is not altogether a fair comparison, as the Tale man often spends his money treat' ing the Smith girl, where, for statistical purposes, it ought to be "Dutch." The same is true for luppers, for which the Tale man spends an average of $32 a year and the Smith girl $12. Possibly some of the return "treats" in the Smith girl's account for Tale gallantry may come under the head of "charity." for which she spends $8 a year. If that Is so, the average Tale man will be glad to see that Item raised in the next ex pense census of Dr. Bailey. Extraordinary Moral Insanity THE CASE OF JANE TOPPAN, WHO POISONED 31 PERSONS, AS REVIEWED BY A SCIENTIST. ANE TOPPAN, the poisoner of 31 per- I sons, after 2 years confinement In ! the insane hospital at Taunton, Mass., is approaching has reached the second ary stage of her ailment, moral insanity. and is believed to be near her ena. unui within a short period the visitor to the hospital was unable to observe even the least trace of Insanity. The question used to be asked, "Why is she here? She seoms to be as sane as her attendants. But now her mental delusions are frequent, almost constant, and were any one outside to see her there would be no doubt of the appropriateness of her incarceration. She has abandoned the careless, cheerrm frame of mind in which she has heretofore been and Is now fretful, peevish, even ugly, faultfinding, fearful of eating be cause of suspected poison, complaining of her treatment, morose everything but re morseful. The intellectual insanity, fol lowing the moral insanity with which it is now believed Jane Toppan has been ar fllcted from birth, will in all probability result in her death, possibly within a twelvemonth. She has dwindled to al most a skeleton. Dr. R. H. Stedman. of Boston, one of the three alienists upon whose certificate the woman was committed, and who has made her case a study ever since, says: "in this after history we And brought Into bold relief the inherent, underlying defect of weakmindedness which was noted, but only obscurely seen earlier for want of opportunity for proper observation, and also' the outgrowth therefrom of pro nounced Intellectual change in the shape of positive delusions. These, together with the other and characteristic manifesta tions, afford the strongest confirmation of the patient's insanity, Intellectual and moral." In the course of his discussion of the case Dr. Stedman says further: "The development of a delusional state In the course of moral Insanity is appar ently not uncommon and affords another and strong argument for the contention that intellectual involvement In some form Is an essential feature of the disease, or, in other words, that there is no such thing as a mental disorder affecting the moral sphere alone." A Medico-Legal Classic. This case of Jane Toppan will ever be a medico-legal classic As a child she was noted as a mischief maker: her foster mother was obliged to send her from home because she continually told lies. Tet when she became a nurse she developed qualities which made her agreeable, even loved, and when she was arrested some of her former patients evinced far more con cern than she herself. Indeed, from the day of her arrest Jane Toppan has never shown fear of consequences, much less re morse for her murders. Poison had bo come a habit of her life, she told the ex amining physicians. In planning and carrying out her homl cldal acts she was, she asserted, always calm and clear-headed. After administer ing the poisons she experienced great re lief and went to bed and slept soundly. Why don't I grieve over It and feel sor ry?" she asked. The world shuddered when Jane Toppan was arrested and her crimes were told In print Dr. Stedman has evidence to sub stantiate 20 of the murders to which she confesses: the other il are beyond investi gation. In two instances she claimed to have been seized with compunction and to have sent for another nurse. One of the patients was saved in consequence In an other instance she took the opportunity to repeat the dose and make sure of her vic tim. As said before, there was an utter absence of motive in all cases. The whole gamut of human motives was run over by the investigators In vain. Tnere was neither avarice nor hatred to inspire her. No sexual Instinct had been perverted in her, as was at first supposed, nor was she a user of liquor or opium. It was an Irre sistible propensity which impelled her to kill her best friends, and to commit the four crimes of arson to which she also onfessed. And here is where the case takes on a phase of extraordinary interest. not only to the mecacal and legal profes sions, but to the layman. In their report to the District Attorney upon -which tha court committed the woman to the hos pital, the physicians said: Degenerative Moral Insanity. "The salient features of the case which Indicated more especially irresponsibility were: Lack of moral understanding, of natural feelings, and of the ordinary mo tives for conduct including criminal acts. also the general absence In her of suffi cient self-control to restrain her from crime, and her disregard of consequences. as shown, for example, in continuing to poison patients in full knowledge that her guilt In other recent cases was suspected; by her desire to confess her guilt at the outset; her indifference to her fate, etc These facts seemed to us to evidence her inability both to help doing what Bhe did and to be affected by punishment, con ditions which are the best tests of ac-i countablllty." To thlrf Dr. Stedman adds: "Moral insanity belongs to tne group known as insanities of degeneration, and is better termed degenerative insanity of Jihe moral type. It should be excluflrtiy reserved to designate a congenital, pri mary, constitutional and permanent men tal condition affecting the moral nature and unassoclated with evident Intellectual Impairment. These patients have good memory and understanding, ability to reason and contrive, much cleverness ana cunning, and a general appearance of ra tlonallty. coexistent with very cenaent control, absence of moral sense and hu man sentiments and feelings, perverted and brutal instincts, and propensities for criminal acts -of various kinds which may be perpetrated deliberately and cleverly planned, yet committed with little or no motive and regardless of tne consequences to themselves and others. This latter point is imDortant as Indicative of a perversion of the fundamental instinct of self-preser vation (Kellogg). In their general con duct, also, these individuals are rarely governed by the same motives that govern sane people, whether criminals or not, and it is often difficult to see wnat tne mo tlve Is." Jane ToDDan is now 45 years old. riot much has been ascertained of her earliest life: but It Is known that she and her sis ter were placed in a foundling hospital by their father, an eccentric man who dranK freely. The sister Is a respectable and ranabla woman. A younger sister Is chronic Insane patient. A. tnira sister lea a. dissolute life and Is dead. The kind and Christian training which Mrs. Toppan gave her ward (whose name had been Honora Kelly) was thrown awav: her incorrigiDie propensities tor deceit, falsehood and trouble-making, nev jr absent from the first, proved too much, and she was sent away. It Is thus evident that her taint Is in- hnrn. Once she told Dr. atedman: seem to have a sort of paralysis of thought and reason. Something comes over me: I don't know what It Is. I have an uncontroiiaDie aesire to give .puisuu without rctrard to consequences. All her nolsonlng was done witn opium. with a fatal dose of atropine, and the draught was so given in Hunyadl water as to be unsuspected toy tne patient ana by the physician as well. DOGS MUST BE LINGUISTS And They Understand Some of the Conversation Between Men. Gevurtz Stoves Always Please Especially these eool, frosty mornings is one of our PRIZE ECLIPSE HEATERS a blessing. Thei;e is no range that combines so many good points .as our ECLIPSE STEEL RANGE. Our terms are easy, so easy that if your good anywhere it's good here. Remember we houses from cellar to garret, and you pay as you can. FOUR BIG SPECIALS FOR MONDAY credit is furnish With Every Range Goes Our Guarantee Just One Dollar Cash Balance $1.00 a "week buys any Steel Eange or Cook Stove in our house. Never before has $1.00 had such, marvelous purchasing power, as it has now at Gevurtz'. Only $1.00 down that's all we ask for this CELEBRATED ECLIPSE STEEL RANGE the finest product of the Eclipse Stove and Range Com panya range that any house wife may be proud of a range that we sell you with our written guarantee of satisfaction. Made of Finest Polished Blue Steel Throughout. TVe have the six-hole, the four-hole with warm ing closet, pouch feed,- duplex grate and large oven. The flrebacks are guaranteed for three years. 6-Hole Range $40 4-Hoie Range $35 "We .put it up on payment of $1.00 ready for use in your home. The best stove on every point in the world a range that has stood the test of time and is without an equal in interior construction, baking qualities, absolute reliability and beauty of appearance. See it work. Guaran teed for 15 years. "We take your old stove in exchange and allow full value. Prize Eclipse Heating Stove Buy an Eclipse and get a heating stove that has successfully stood the test for years.. The Eclipse Heaters combine all the latest improvements of the age. Beautiful and attractively designed an ornament to any well appoint ed room. Powerful heat radiators; burn all the fuel ; no waste, no dirt j consume all carbon and gases. An economical and satisfactory heater. Hold fixe longer than any other stoves built. Stove like cut $8.50 A stove without an equal for heating purposes. Now's the time to buy a stove, and in doing so don't forget that it's not how cheap, but how good. The Eclipse is the finest heater'in the world air-tight, outer body cold-rolled steel, lined with heavy castiron, top and bottom. "War ranted for five years. A real gem of a stove j worth $12.00. Our sale price 8.50 I There are two seasons in the j year Spring and Fall when we make special induce- ments to people who use London Spectator. EVER since the dog became the servant of man be has also had to be a lin guist. If the annals of dogs and men were searched It would be found that the former had In their day been proficient In the understanding of tongues dead for centuries, as they will be in the future of the languages of nations yet unborn. "Argo" doubtless obeyed the orders given by Penelope In the most ladylike Ionic of the day; the dog of Alclblades was no less proficient when addressed in "up-to-date" Attic by the club porter in Athens, and we may lie very certain that all the dogs on the canvases of Cuyp and Ten! era were equally familiar with the dog lan guage of double Dutch. "Don't say that before 'Snap. 'Snap don't know he's only a dog. He thinks he's folks I" was an American appreciation of the quickness with which dogs under stand and resent anything rude said about themselves. The degree to which they comprehend doubtless differs, and Is prob ably in most cases limited to the percep tion that their name Is associated with laughter or a censorious tone of voice when mentioned to others. Also the range of conversation, and of activities to which it refers. Is, so large in the average gen tleman's house that a dog often gives up the effort at understanding more than actually concerns its dally comfort. It becomes bored by the demands on Its at tention, the more so as it has as a rule nothing to do to keep it busy. But any one who has spent any time, let us say," In fishing quarters In a Northern farm er's house, cannot fall to notice how sim ple and few the Items are which make up the routine of the day, and how com pletely the dog there Is always a dog, and that a collie understands all that Is going on, and probably most of what is said. These farmers are very silent peo ple, as a rule, speaking seldom, and then only about practical matters. "WTien happy and comfortable, their practice Is to sit quiet, not to .talk. So the dog takes very special notice when a remark is made, knowing that it Is usually connected with the doing of something by other people or by itself. It is quite used to be told to "mind the baby" or to "stay ben the house," while the wife goes out, and It knows exactly and to the minute that every person and every animal about the little farm will be dolruc at any given time. It Is thus that It also learns to un derstand talk which refers to these ob jects of interest. St. John in his "Wild Sports of the Highlands," says: "The dog that lives with, his master constantly sleeping before his fire Instead of In the kennel, and see ing and hearing all that passes, learns, if at all quick-witted, to understand not only he zataaing of what hs sees going Carpets One of those times is now. People who have bought Carpets here at such a time will appreciate what it means. It don't mean that "we have too many Carpets," or that "we have bought an entire bankrupt manu facturer's stock," or anything of that kind; simply that it is our am bition to make this excel any former event at our store. To accomplish it we will transform prices into trade 'magnets. Quotations like these should draw a crowd to our store front before the doors open at 8 o'clock tomorrow mo- ning. -, CARPETS $2.40 Axmlnster Carpet for, Qf per yard 1 tuU $2.00 Axmlnster Carpet for, 1 7 c per yard vliiu $LE5 Axmlnster Carpet for, l Cn per yard v I luU $2.00 Extra Wilton Velvet Car- on pet for, per yard vliUU $1.75 Wilton Velvet Carpet for, cn per yard 4 1 1 oil $1.35 Brussels 'Carpet for, fr-l 1C per yard w 1 1 I u $1.00 Brussels Carpet for, pC per yard Uwu $1.00 Ingrain All-Wool Carpet, Qfln for, per yard OUu 85c Ingrain Carpet for, 7fn per yard I Uu RUGS $42.00 $30.00 9x12 Wilton Velvets jFj QQ $40.00 9x12 Axmlnster Rugs J3 QO $37.50 9x12 Axmlnster Hugs JJ-j gQ $30.00 9x12 Brussels Rugs $25 00 $25.00 9x12 Brussels Rugs $"18 5Q $35.00 9x12 Body Brussels jg QQ Special Large Sizes in Stock. Bring Measurement of Your Rooms With You Once More That Famous Beharrel Chair Is to be found in our stock. For three months "we have been unable to get any of the chairs, but now we have 'em, and plenty. A swell golden or weathered oak, quarter-sawed and polished, every piece selected. These chairs sell for $2.00, but as a sample of how cheap we sell you can have 'em for Only six to easterner OUR TERIV1S $10 worth of goods for $2 down and EOc a week until paid. $25 worth of goods for $4 down and $1 a week until paid. $50 worth of goods for $8 down and $2 a week until paid. $75 worth of goods for $10 down and $2.50 a week until paid. $100 worth of goods for $15 down and $3 a week until paid. If, however, your conditions require different arrangements, don't hesi tate to ask for them. I. GEVURTZ & SONS - COR. YAMHILL AND FIRST STS. "GEVURTZ SELLS FOR LESS" . IT 'THE LITTLE-AT-A TIME STORE" MAIL. ORDERS We give prompt attention to all mail orders. Goods listed and priced here are forwarded on re ceipt of order with our personal guarantee of satisfaction or no pay. TRY OUR MAIL ORDER SYSTEM REMEMBER WE CREDIT EVERYBODY, NOT A CHOSEN PEW on, but also frequently. In the most won derful manner, of what Is being talked of." He then mentions the instance of his retriever, which understood all that was going on as to the sporting plans of the day, IX he remarked at breakfast, "Ro ver must stop at home today; I cannot take him out," he never attempted to follow him: while If he said. "I shall take Rover with me today," he was all ex citement. But the moat curious example of a (probably) polyglot dog's understand ing of conversation was shown him by a shepherd. Uke the dogs of modern Greece, which keep watch along- the little banks which Inclose their masters' barley fields, the sheepdogs "watch their mas ters small crop of oats with great fidel ity and keenness, keeping off all Intruders In the shape of cattle. Bbeep and horses. A shepherd once, to prove the value of his dog, which was lying before the fire In the house where we were talking, said to me In the middle of a sentence concern ing something else, Tra thinking, sir, the cow is la the potatoes. The dog, which amird fca fee asiaes, tassMdiaislr -Jumped up, and leaping through the open window, scrambled up the turf roof oi the house, where he could see the potato field. He then, not seeing the cow, ran and looked Into the byre, where she was, and finding that all was right, came back to the house." The shepherd said the same thing again, when the dog once more made Its patroL But on the doubt being uttered a third tfme It got up, looked at Its master and when he laughed, growled and curled up again by the fire. It Is greatly to the credit of canine In telligence that dogs seem able to under stand not only orders given In anypure language, but also those- given In debased or mixed languages. Is this, perhaps, the origin of the phrase, "dog Latin?" The do teams used when the Klondike was first discovered were worked In a kind of "pidgin French," a mixture of old Canadian-French, English and Indian. The order to start was "Macharn!" which all the trained dog3 understood. This the English miners turned Into "March on!" Its origin and the form, in which the first r'tra hail Tifai" it .wjlsi HMaxcha. chlenl" Probably most English hounds were addressed In a bastard Norman French long- after the language was en tirely dropped In speaking to persons. It Is Just possible that the familiar "War 'hare!" and "EIoo In!" are. the remains of the ancient foreign hunting terms. The Art of Letter-Writing. Harper's Bazar. "When we come to personal letters, the most Intimate and Important of all, It may frankly be acknowledged that the Complete IJetterwriter stops at the thresh old. To put ourselves our best selves on paper. Is the problem, and there Is no greater one In the whole range of human Intercourse. Tet, If we fall. If we put a foolish or mistaken self on the page, the letter had better never leave the desk. Hence come3 the first law of personal letter-writing do not try too much. Do not try to be as spon taneous as in conversation. Do not try to be as frank as when face to face with another. Consider the limits of paper 8d iak, xs-Vier, than explain. your feelings and ideas. 3ake the lettej short rather than long. It is really hari, to fall on' a four-page letter; but 11 om does, a two-page letter Is the next re source. If these two pages can .be care fully written, In good English; if thej convey a sincere and pleasant message; if they contain nothing that offends then that letter is not a failure, though it may not be a brilliant success, Th thing to be avoided Is the rambling let' ter, the Indiscreet letter, the gushta letter, the insipid letter. Sheep Without Wool. Country life in America. The Department of Agriculture has re cently imported five woolless sheep foui ewes and a buck for use In the extram Southern States. A heavy crop of wool it l a burden in hot, dry districts, resulting In a direct 111 effect on the quality of th mutton.- These sheep are being experi mented with by the Bureau of Animal In dustry. They are hardy and are easy keepers. They were brought from thi 4 Jk.