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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 30, 1902)
I 30 THE SUNDAY OREGOlSIAtf, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 30, 1902., HOTEL BUSINESS'. OF SWITZERLAND IMMENSE REVENUE FROM TOURISTS sf SWISS GOVERNMENT AS A COLLECTION AGENCY ' LUCERNE, Nov. 14. (Special corre spondence.) I heard a striking American ' invasion proposition the other day. Its enunclator -was Adolph Frankenthal, our Consul at Berne. He made It In jest, but it might lead to mat ters of earnest. It is that our trust mag nates should monopolize Switzerland for money-making purposes. Frankenthal Eays they could turn the country into a Bight-seeing park and drain the pockets of the world's traveling public. They could buy the water powers and thus concen trate Its Industries, and by the addition of electricity multiply their output a hundred-fold. Indeed, the tourist business might eas ily be controlled by a trust, and wLth It this enormous hotel industry, which now annually brings in many millions. All that would be necessary would be to buy the best of the hotels which control the most beautiful views, and then to or ganize, a system by which cut-and-drfed coupon tickets could be -furnished, taking the traveler from his home in Europe or the United States, and returning him there after his tour at a fixed price. He could thus know to a cent what his trip was to cost. The tips, which now amount to about 35 per cent of one's expenses, could be cut off, and the Increase in com fort would be enormous. This is the gist of Consul Franken thal's proposition. Since then I have looked further into the matter, and .can give you some facts as to the vast sum Switzerland Is making out of tho foreign ers. Fortunes in Svribis Hotels. The hotel business In this country is enor-jaous. Switzerland is just twice the size of Massachusetts, but its hotels and hoarding houses are crowded Into a com pass of less than half its area. Neverthe less, it has 1900 hotels, and it is estimated that there is 5120.000,000 invested In the business. Tho hotels now take in about $30,000,000 a year, and a large percentage of this is profit. About half of them are open all the year round, and during tho eummer all are crowded. Travelers to the number of almost 5,000,000 swarm Into Switzerland from a"l parts of the world. They wander about from hotel to hotel and from one view to another, dropping their money at every turn. Indeed, the receipts of the hotels during good years are more than the receipts of the govern ment, and their army of employes is larger than our standing army was at the beginning of the Spanish-American war. There are about 28,000 men and women employed in them, and of these 12,000 are females. What Hotels Cost. A trust could materially cut down the cost of running these hotels, for it would buy things in quantities. As It is now it is estimated that more than $15,000,000 a year is spent for provisions and help. About $8,000,000 goes into the kitchens, which In one season consume $70,000 worth of cheese, $25,000 worth of tea, $500,000 worth of coffee and more than $100,000 worth of sugar. It costs the hotels every Eeoson at least $3,000,000 for bread. $400,000 for butter and $3,500,000 for vegetables i- And jams. All these things are bought In Jriblets, each hotel paying for its own. The trust could run a central supply sta tion and make dividends out of its sav ings In purchases alone. Traveling; Xot Cheap. A general impression prevails In the United States that traveling in Switzer land Is cheap. I do not And it so. Tho rates at the better class hotels are not far from the rates at similar hotels In the United States. None of the 1900 hotels I have referred to charge less than $1 a day, and the ordinary traveler finds that his expenses run up to over $5. You pay so much for your room. and then, like as THE HIRED BURGLAR TS preposterous!" I "Idiotic!" "Asslnlne!" "But it's a fact, nevertheless," added the first speaker. So it was. There had been an epidemic of petty "burglaries in the town of Ben ton during the late Fall. The articles stolen were of trifling value, never money, usually food taken from barns and hen sheds; but the constant fear of possible midnight awakenings put the good people of the town into a state bordering upon panic The unknown thief might grow more ambitious and more daring. He might invade their very houses. "Whose house would he first select as the object of his unwelcome attentions? The burglar, or burglars, whoever they were, evidently were not professionals: at least up to the present they had not ventured after bigger game. Neverthe less, the uncertainty of the thing made the nervous more nervous, and Intro duced the hitherto uninitiated into the knowledge that they possessed nerves after all. The Board of Selectmen, three worthy citizens, feeling the popular puise, and realizing that election day would come in a few months, determined to take act ive steps to ferret out the despoller cf the town's barns and henroosts. The stor.' which, after mature deliberation, the Se lectmen decided to take was not as a re sult of a unanimous vote of the trium virate. Selectman Dorcas had raised a dissenting voice, accompanying it by a sarcastic allusion to the sanity of his colleagues. Mr. Dorcas kept a general store. Among a host of other things he sold revolvers and ammunition, the sale of which during the past two months had wonderfully increased, so that It was barely possible that he was giving a thought or two to his own interests as well as to those of the town of Benton. The motion of Selectman North was: "Mr. Chairman, as the burglar we are all eo interested In catching seems, from the evidence that has laid before our eyes mine, at any rate to be well ac quainted with the barns and henroosts of the town, and appears therefore to be a resident, I move that we order all residents of the town men. women and children to prove where they were be tween the hours of 10 and 12 o'clock last Tuesday night, at which time, as we all know, occurred the last, or rather the latest, of these pestiferous burglaries." Almost out of breath, Mr. North had eat down to give place to Mr. Dorcas, who had jumped to his feet and cast a glance of withering scorn upon his col league. But Mr. Swain, the chairman, cast the deciding vote and the resolution was carried. As might be expected, the result of the special meeting of the Board of Select men was not received with unanimous, favor by the people of Benton. The town was not very large, but It was large enough what town isn't? to contain more than one estimable citizen who for good and sufficient reasons did not care to have his fellow-townsmen, to say noth ing of his wife, know where he had spent a certain hour of a certain night, and what he had been engaged in. Of course, , those fortunate citizens who chanced to ve nothing to conceal did not see any EVERY AliP UAS SOW A LADDER IP ITS HACK, LIKE A PAIR OP SUSPENDERS. not, something more for light and at tendance. If you breakfast in your bed room an extra charge is made, and the best table d'hote dinner now costs a dollar and upward. Everything extra must be paid for, and some of the hosts are little more than highway robbers, whoso victims are traveling foreigners. Railroads Sell Passes. I do not know that the railroads of Switzerland could be acquired by any trust, but . they are certainly profitable. In 1900 they paid a net profit of over $11, 000,000, and their travel is increasing every year. Only four years ago the govern ment decided to buy them, and the trans fer of the lines from private parties to the state is now under way. The roads. Includ ing the tramways, have a length of about 2500 miles, and there are so many tracks and cable lines running up the sides of the mountains to give access to the beau tiful views that Mark Twain says, "Every Alp has now a ladder up Its back like a pair of .susqpenders." One of the nicest things of the govern ment railway system Is its general sea son tickets, or passes, which include all Switzerland. The railroad companies will sell you a ticket for two weeks, a month. BY D. R MAGUIRE thing very preposterous, Idiotic or assl- j nine in the latestest exhibition of acumen : on the part of their chosen lawmakers. Deacon Thomas Snow, however, was not one of these; neither was his brother- j in-law, Zenas White, nor Amos Bristow. When Snow declared that the selectmen 1 had acted in a preposterous manner, his opinion was echoed through the medium of various epithets by White and Bris tow. "Can we," demanded Snow, emphasiz ing the pronoun, "afford " "Dare," Interpolated White. " dare to admit where we were and what we did Tuesday night?" The others groaned, and White said: "What would folks say?" "What, indeed!" "Let me think this thing out," said Snow. Nobody'objected, and Snow thought. "I don't believe such a monstrous order can be carried out. The people will re bel' "We shall, at any rate." said White. "If we do," put in Bristow, "our wives and others, for that very reason, will be more eager to find out what the authori ties confound 'em! want to know than those idiots themselves." "Right," agreed his companions, soberly and laconically. "I have a plan by which we may be able to get out of this scrape," said Snow. "What is it?" "We must find the burglar. Once found, It will not be necessary to force us, or anybody else, to tell what would get us into no end of trouble." "It's a brilliant idea," commented Bris tow, sarcastically. "How shall we catch that evasive gentleman?" "Hanged if I know! If we can't find him here's an amendment to the plan we must get a substitute for him. Money will enable us to do so." I "There's more sense In that," said Brls- "So I think. There must be at least one man in town perhaps two who for a couple of hundred dollars would be willing to acknowledge himself a thief and serve a few months in prison If con victed." "Burglary, especially in the night time. Is a pretty serious offense," reminded White. "Still, the fellow never actually broke In anywhere." "We can hire a good smart lawyer to defend him and perhaps get him off," 'suggested Snow. "All we-want Is to pre vent inquiry as to our whereabouts last Tuesday night." "A lawyer," grumbled White; "more money!" . "Else more trouble," observed" Bristow. "Here comes a tramp," cried Snow, suddenly, "the- very chap we want, A warm cell ought to be a welcome change from the cold barns and colder haystacks that he has probably had to put up with these cold nights. Let's sound him." The trio were standing in the public square. The stronger drew near, a ragged, hungry-looking fellow. "Hello, my m3n," hailed Snow; "don't go that way it leads to the lock-up. Come here. How would you like to earn a couple of hundred dollars without work ing?" The tramp opened his eyes in amaze ment. Snow was forced to repeat his question. "Wot doln'?" asked the stranger. "There's been a burglar doing no end of mischief in this town of late, and one J a quarter or a year which you can use for that time on all the railroads and steam boats of Switzerland. These tickets arc j sold at fixed prices, and they have to be nrriprpfl at 1rnjt twn hnnrn 1ifnr. loiivln? time. You must furnish an unmounted photograph of yourself, which is pasted on the ticket. A two weeks' ticket over all the Swiss roads costs, according to class, from $7 50 to $12, and a monthly, ticket from $10 to $20; If you travel third-class the price is $10; second class. $14, or first-class. $20. For three months the rates are $24, $34 and $4S, and for the year. $60, $S4 and $120. This means that for $120 you could start in on January 1 and keep traveling day and night on Swiss trains and steamboats, with the very best accommodations, until December 31, without extra charge. Such tickets are sold to anyone who asks for them. American Cars. I like the Swiss Tailroads. The cars are about the fame as ours. There is a pass ageway through the center, with doors at each end. The seats of the second-class are upholstered in velvet; they arc clean and comfortable. The windows are in brass frames, and they can be dropped down out of sight when you wish to look of our friends" Is wrongfully suspected. Now, we want you to act as a substitute a sort of voluntary scapegoat to save the good name of our friend. If you will consent to go to the police station, give yourself up and admit you are the thief, we will make you a present of two hun dred dollars. Good pay; what' do you say?" The gentleman of the road smiled, pon dered a minute or two, and. then replied: "Make It free hundred, gents; den I'm yer man. I might hafter go to prison fer a year or two, yer see." "No such thing. We don'.t want to see you punished too severely. We'll hire a lawyer to defend you. He'll keep you from getting a severe sentence; that's "HELLO. MY MAX," SAID SXOW, "HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO EARX A COUPLE OF HUNDRED DOLLARS WITHOUT IVORKIXGf" what we'll pay him for. You may get off scot-free." "Lawyer be blowed! Say free hundred or shut up." White, the penurious, nodded assent. "All right," said Snow; "three hundred j It Is; Remember, you are the burglar who has been operating In town for the past two months. You are simply the fellow that walked Into old Brown's hen-shed last Tuesday night remember the date! and took a couple of his hens." "I won't forget it. Now wot about de bribe?" "We will pay you the money just as soon as you confess and are locked up." "An' have de jail blokes take de boodle away from me? Nit!" "Well, what? Will a check, postdated do?" "Naw. I want cash in advance. I'll send de money by mall to a feller I kin trust. Iten I'll eo an give myself up. an' take out. The express trains have dining cars, called "wagon restaurants," and the dining-car porter comes through and calls out that dinner is re'ady In French, Eng lish and German. The Swiss roads are weli ballasted and well kept. The tracks are watched for avalanches and landslides, and at every crossing stands a bareheaded girl with a red flag, to warn all that the train Is coming. At every station you find from jl, dozen to a score of hotel porters, In livery, each bearing the name of his hotel on his cap. Up the Risl by Hnll. Theso notes are written at Lucerne un der the shadow of the Pilatus and the Rigl. I went across the lake to "Vltznau tho other day and took a ride to the top of Mount Rlgi on one of the first of Switz- ermna s mountain lines, it in. uuui. uu me same principle as that up Pike's Peak. The cars are open, and they are pushed by a little engine behind. The views are magnificent. There are nc sides to the care, and you rise slowly above Lake Lucerne, which flows In and out like a mighty. Tiver through the moun tains you are climbing. Now the view U hidden by trees, tall, lean, maples wall the sides of the tracks and the banks arc covered with dandelions, daisies and red clover. Higher up the lake view widens, moun tainous Islands rise out of the water like green monsters rearing their heads. Mount Pilatus comes Into view. Its. sides arc gray and hoary and the snow in the crev ices marks the wrinkles In Its withered old face. You crawl along ravines with preci pices hundreds of feet below you. The "View From Rigl. The snowy range of the Alps broadenB as you go upward, and at last you reach I the top, with one of tho most beautiful views of the world spread out before you. Just below is the Lake of the Four Can tons, with a score of Swiss cities and vill ages dotting Its shores, and all about you, walling the horizon, are the mighty Alps, giving you a view of mountain grandeur at least 120 miles long. The -peaks of the Alps are covered with snow, and the snow lies in drift9 and masses in the rocks. In places it has formed mighty glaciers, great rivers of ice, which are slowly but imperceptibly flowing toward the valleys below. You are so high that everything is dwarfed. The steamers upon the lakes look like toy boats, the barns and houses of the peasants have dwindled to the Noah's arko of the toy stores, and the great hotels are dwarfed Into cottages. , What a place for meditation! The gran deur of the mountains is indescribable, and you can appreciate the feeling of the cowboy, who, coming Into Switzerland at night, awoke to find himself surrounded'by these mighty hills. He gazed and gazed, with tears In his eyes, and at last threw up his hat and In stentorian tones cried out, "Hurrah for God!" "What the Alps Do for Europe. The Alps have a beauty of their own which in many respects surpasses that of the Himalayas or the Andes, although the latter ranges are more stupendous In their grandeur. It Is only the tops of the Alps that are bleak and bare. The valleys are covered with verdure, and there are nests everywhere in the hills good for pastures and gardens. These mountains are of Incalculable value to Europe. Bleak and bare, as the tops look, It Is this very cold, evidenced by the snow upomthem.. which squeezes the rain from the winds, and through the Rhine, the Rhone, the Dan ube and the Po gives Germany, Austria, France and Italy the water that makes their lands tillable. It Is the Alps which furnish the water for the great river trade routes of Europe and which indirectly have made this continent the most civil ized and best part of the. world. Peelulcil Snhlimlty. The chief blot on the beauty of the, Alps Is' the SwiEti tendency to turn every rock and view and every ( cubic foot of ozone over to the traveler at so much per minute. The sublimity in God's moun tains Is peddled out for a consideration. There is not a beautiful view unmarred. my medicine. You gents can keep yer eyes on me all de time an' If I try to -fool yer, yer can tell de police I confessed to beln' the thief dey want. Yer word will be taken all right." So It came to pass that Luke Varden, after receiving and disposing of the $300 contributed by Snow & Co.. went to the police station and confessed that he was the much-wanted thief. He had entered Mr. Brown's henhouse on the previous Tuesday night and stolen some of that gentleman's hens. "Varden's case was sent to a higher court: In due time he was put on trial, convicted, and sentenced to the peniten tiary for eight months. More than one person in Benton breathed more freejy. One day, early In the following Sum mer, Deacon Snow, who had quite for gotten . all about the burglar's substi tute, received a letter which caused him first to swear, then to laugh. He gave the missive to his brother-in-law. White read: - "Mr. Thomas Snow and Friends; Gents. J I desire to thank you again for the $300 I you kindly gave me eight months ago for acting as a substitute for the Benton burglar. It may surprise you to hear that I was really the burglar you genis wanted to catch. When I met you I was on my way to the police station to give myself up, as I had got tired of my line of business and wanted to be sent away for the Winter. The 300 plunks will work In handy for my Summer vacation. Yours, with thanks, LUKE VARDEN." "So the $100 I won at poker In Feffer's roadhouse that Tuesday night went to that scoundrel of a tramp," ejaculated White. "My net less," murmured Snow, rem Inlscently, "was one hundred and fifty one hundred to the substitute and fifty lost at poker. What will Bristow say? His net loss was one hundred and twenty five." Such being the case, it is not very -difficult to guess what Bristow said. EXGIXE AT THE FOOT OF THE RIGI. I-. Every place has Its hotel. On the very mountain tops you find men selling al penstocks and picture postal cards. On the Rlgi I was 6ffefed a genuine St. Bernard puppy, and was shown kennels In which the Swiss raise them to make money, out of the legend that they some times rescue lost tourists. As for that, however, I learn that the St. Bernard dogs have long since lost their job. The vari oua hospices kept by the monks arc now connected with all parts of the mountains by telephones, and the lost party Is easily found by the trackers going from post to post. On the top of the Rigi is a big hotel, the Rigl-kulm, where you can get a dinner for a dollar and full board of about $3 a day, and there are other hotels scattered from the bottom all the way to the top. If you go to sleep at the top you will hear the toot of an Alpine horn a half hour before sunrise, waking you up for the view, and throughout the day a piper plays to the tourists and comesi around and pokes his tin collection plate under your noso for pennies. At every step you meet a pretty Swiss girl In a white cap, who inveigles you into buying preajed flowers and edelwels, and the picture pos tal woman has her stand at every beauti ful point, with half-tone reproductions of the same, which she offers you for 2 cents apiece. A Bifr Bnslness in Postal Cnrtls. Indeed, the poetal-card business is fast becoming an Important one all over Eu rope. There are thousands of stores on the continent which sell nothing else, and In Switzerland you cannot travel Ave miles without seeing a postal-card stand. Postal cards are sold at the railroad stations, at the drinking places, at every hqtel and restaurant and even In the postoffles themselves. I mean by this that there are stands in the postoflice separate and apart from the stamp windows, which sell cards bearing pictures the flower. Bend the wire and hang the flower upside down in a safe place to dry. Cut several long strips of the green paper for winding the stems. Cut four leaves for each chrysanthemum, except where the flower is to decorate a lamp shade, when no leaves are rcqufrd. Cut wires six inches long, paste them and lay them along the middle of the leaves, pressing them down with the fingers. These can be cut after the real leaf. All foliage Is better when cut according to nature. A pattern can be taken once and will serve always. This also Is true of the petals. When the leaves are dry take the long strips, dab a bit of paste on the end, fasten that to the calyx a"nd begin to wind it round and round downward until the wire Is covered. This requires a little practice, but can be done. All stems of all. flowers are wound the same way, and all leaves except carnations must have the wire for midrib. A bud can be made to go with each flower by squeezing up a few petals and finishing them with calyx and stem. When the leaves are dry wind them to the main stem. Carnations are made by cutting scal loped circles, notching the edges and cut ting out ovals near the middle. Twist a little cotton with a wire, string the cir cles and squeeze them, add the green calyx, and wind two long narrow leaves of crepe paper In with the main stem. Rosgs are made by taking three strips of paper and winding them around a center made of wired cotton. Tie with linen thread as you wind. When the strips, each three inches wide, are all on, slash thetop, trim the corners round and curl the petals thu3 formed with a knife.1 Calyxes are made of crepe paper, and the stems are wound with two or three sprays of leaves. Buds have one strip, and the calyx Is nearly closed around the bud. CUTTXXG OF PATTERNS. Evolution of the Buslne.NR- in Two " Generations Han Been Marvelous. j TWO generations ago a pattern was ( in the nature of a prize, even an heirloom. It was not to be lightly t handled or lent, and its possession gave its owner added dignity. Now. 10 cents ! will carry a pattern to any woman's door, j They are used once, perhaps twice, then i thrown away as out of date. The making . of them is no longer the work of one cunning hand. Each pattern is the work of many brains banded together In one I great organization for the proper worship of the great goddess Fashion. The pat tern industry gives employment to thou sands of worKers, ana minions 01 patterns are made every year at the various pat tern factories. But 50 yearo ago when our grandmothers were belles, things were different. If there was one thing more than another that grandmother treasured in the day of her young womanhood it was her paper pat terns. A new pattern was an acquisition greatly to be desired, in consideration of the fact that In Its passing from one woman to another it signified a favor, and had sponsora whose very names carried respect, it became a regular bond of neighborly sympathy and expression of esteem. Women exchanged patterns the same as. they did recipes and domestic ideas. Fashions did nqt change in those days as they do now, and a skirt pattern hav ing one gore in the front and two on each OF 1NTEREST TO WOMEN upon which you must put an additional stamp before they can go. Such cards are found In all the department stores at re duced prices, and boyo and men peddle them about the streets. In Geneva I saw a woman pushing a cart which was loaded with such cards, and while eating my din ner at restaurants outside the hotel I frequently have a man drop down a pack age of cards on the table, telling me to look them over and see If I don't want to buy. A Sonrce of Government Revenne. These cards have half-tone engravings of the public buildings and views of the vi cinity. Some bear the' coat of arms of the town, as in Berne, where the bear is the mascot for everything. Some, beauti fully colored, represent the types and cos tumes of the neighborhood. Others are comic, and some are fancifully artistic. Some, especially those of France and Ger many, are indecent, and of such a char acter that they would not pass through our mails, but others are as beautiful as chromos and suitable for framing. The cards sell from 1 to 10 cents. Some arc In seta and others single. Such cards are now made In every country, and you can buy German, English, French and Italian cards almost everywhere. The most of the cards have little more than a place for the stamp and address upon them, the other side being given up to a picture, with only room for one -or two lines in writing. The card saves the trouble of writing letters to your friends, and at the same time enables you to show that you remember them. I have said that the business !e a big one. It brings the Government of Switz erland more than a half-million dollars a year In extra stamps. The country uses about 40,000.000 postal cards for Internal communications and 15.C00.000. for the for eign malls. This, at 2 cents apiece, brings In an annual revenue of $310,000. and the cards sell for at least that much more. The people here use more postal cards in CONTINUED FROM PAGE 28 side of it was the standard pattern. There were no fancy yokes, circular ruffles, flares about the feet, habit backs, released tucks, and so on. A skirt was a skirt. It was sloped off gradually at the lower edge, faced, a neat braid bound around snugly, and then sewed oh to the band the last thing. Oh. times! Oh, customs! And every woman knew that the pattern went together with a straight edge to stay a bias edge. That was the only mystery regarding grandmother's pattern of a skirt. Grandmother had a S3stem connected with her collection of patterns. She kept them m a bag or box which was uphol stered and valanced about the sides, and was kept exclusively for patterns. Grand mother could tell at a glance just what a pattern tied in a snug roll represented. No one else on earth knew except grand mother. To the observer the contents of the pat tern receptacle wan merely so much waste paper. But every time grandmother used one of her patterns to cut a garment after its lines, when she rolled the pattern up, she never failed to tie it with a strip of the goods that chc had been cutting. Thus, by suggestion, the pattern was recognized at any future time. She had patterns of underwear for all seasons and for graded sizes, and they represented the wardrobe of the family, from the baby's shirt to grandfather's trousers. Grarfdmother may not have been a cleverer woman than her feminine descendant of today, but having larger necessities, she had larger creative opportunities. Madame Demoreot first conceived the, Idea of a business in tissue paper pat terns. She it was who proved the prac ticality of the Idea. Forty years ago she started her pattern business, working It out from first to last on original lines, and entering It In the pages of the mag azine named for her. of which she was the editor. Madame Demoret died several years ago, and her magazine, after pass ing through various vicissitudes In the hands of others who failed to adapt It to present needs, also passed away. But the pattern Idea lived, and It Is a monument today to the originator of It. It is estimated that the various pat tern companies now engaged in the man ufacture of tfiTsue paper patterns issue upwards of 15,000,OCO patterns yearly. The system employed in the bringing out of the new patterns is exceedingly in tricate and employs many classes of workers. Every" pattern designer works three and four months ahead of time, so that it- is while the snow Is flying In Winter that the Spring designs-are In the hands of the pen and Ink artist. At the change of the seasons the work of select ing designs is wholly anticipatory-, and on this account experience and common sense are prime requisites of the office of fashion editor for a pattern 'manufacturing com pany. The fashion editor employs the fashion artists, and some of the cleverest talent Is used In this direction. Designs are worth from $3 to $10 each, depending upon the quality of the work. From the artist the design Is passed by the editor to the model maken who reproduces the -design exactly In tissue paper, pinning the parts together with the skill of a first-class dressmaker. A first-class model-maker earns from $2fi to $20 a week. From hero the design with the tissue paper model Is returned to the editor, who writes the description of the work in plain, practical terms, the latter going to the printer, while the design goes to the engraver. The tissue-paper model, In the proportion to their number than any other nation of Eurone. Switzerland has as good a postal service as you will find anywhere. It has about 16,000 postofflces and about 2000 letter boxes, and It dellvors mail to the very tops of the Alps. The postal service docs many things that our officials would not think of doing. It acts as banker and express company for the people. It will collect your bills for you. and bring the money to the house. If you live In Switzerland and a man owes you, say, $2, all you have to do Is to send him a bill for the amount In a sealed letter with a word or two to tho postofflce on the outside of the envelope, and In addition a 2-cent stamp. This stamp pays the postoffice for Its trouble In collecting and delivering the money to you. Tho charge is 1 per cent of the amount collected. If the bill Is $10. you pay 10 cents, and if J50, 50 cents, and for thl3 the money will be collected in any part of Switzerland. If payment Is re fused, however, the Government will not enforce the collection. After the same manner all sorts of gooda are sent out C. O. D. by the stores and farmers. You can order goods of any store In Switzerland, and the postman will bring you the package and send back the money. Farmers forward their butter and chicltms through the malls, and I know of two American Consuls who thus order live turkeys, chickens and ducks. Consul Lleberknecht, of Zurich, got his last year's Thanksgiving turkey from Austria through the malls and sent back th"e money In the same way. and Consul Frankenthal gets all his fowls from the Lower Danube. They are shipped through the postofflce and the postmen bring the live fowls to his door and return the money to the Hungarian farmers who raise them. If this could be done by our postofflces what an opening it would give to the American farmer In the direct sale of his products to the consumers. FRANK G. CARPENTER. (Copyright 1002. Frank G. Carpenter.)1 meantime, Is sent to the grader, who re produces it In the various sizes. There are usually five or six of these, depending upon the design. It the latter Is a waist, seven sizes are required, and In skirts, from two to six. The work of the grader is no less Important than that of the model-maker, and it demands the salary of an expert. From the grader the graduated sizes of the patterns are sent to the pattern cut ter, who turns out thousands of each kind of pattern. Here again is lucrative em ployment and usually a man does this work. From his hands the patterns go ! to the folders who deposit them in the envelopes, each one of the latter calling for a special size to correspond with the i design and printed matter thereon. The pattern is now ready for the consumer, and It is two months ahead of the season. So it is with the pattern that grand mother once procured from an obliging neighbor has now to run the gauntlet of the whole business department to reach the hand of the consumer. SECOXD YEAR OF CHILDHOOD. Xewl'ork Physician Outlines What He Consider a Safe Diet. THE second year of childhood, dreaded by all mothers as the most trying in the baby's life. Is rendered more so by the difficulty of adjusting the diet for a proper transition from milk to solid food, says the New York Tribunp. The tenement-house mother of the New York for eign ward solves the question very promptly and 3lmply by setting the young ster at the table with the rest and be stowing upon him sauerkraut, watermelon and any other delectable dainty that may happen along. Dr. Henry Dwight Chapin, one of the professors at the New York Post Graduate School and Hospital, gives the following menu for the second year: Fruits of various kinds are early al lowable, such as apple sauce", baked ap ple, stewed dried apples, stewed prunes and orange juice. Tho skins of fruits should never be given. All vegetables should be cooked until as tender as aspar agus tips. Begin the year with one soft, semi solid meal a day, to take the place of one bottle. Gradually add a second and third meal. A good mixture for the very first solid food Is stale bread crumbs or swei back, soaked in hot water and served in milk. A fresh egg, boiled for two min utes and mixed with crumbs. I? good, and cereals cooked to a Jelly and served in milk. Choose the higher grades of oats, which have less husk, and change from one cereal to another for variety. Meat broths, preferably mutton or chick en, may begin the second year. Between IS months and two years the meats may begin, sparingly and always finely minced. Scraped beef, rare roast beef, broiled steak or mutton chops, roast lamb, the white meat of the chicken, and fresh fish, boiled 'or broiled, may be given, in amounts varying .with the amount of ex ercise and outdoor life the child gets. No fried food or tea, coffee" or beer should be allowed. Any succulent vegetable, very thoroughly cooked, or any. milk pudding, may be given. At the beginning of the second year the baby will want one night bottle, and a child can have a bottle once or twice a day if he cares for it until he Is 3 or 4 years old. New articles of food should be Introduced Into the baby's diet tentatively. Find out what his maj esty thrives on and let him have It. A1 great variety is not necessary.