The Sunday Oregonian., August 31, 1902, PART FOUR, Page 32, Image 32

32
THE SUNDAY OfiSGOKlAS. 'PORTLAND. AUGUST 31, 1902.
ETHICAL TALKS BCj ,6LE"RGy ANT) THE LAITCj
""""" " -.
THAT WAR MAKES- BUSINESS IS A "FALLACY; '
" - . EY PROF. JOHN B, CLARK, LL. D. . .'
. .
THAVE heard with an. amount of pleas-:
lire which I very seldom experience a
Suggestion of Dr. Edward Everett
Hale, that we endeavor to enlist. In the
courap of International arbitration the in
'. fluence of commercial bodies Boards of
Trade. Chambers of Commerce, "bankers'
associations xmd the like. ..It was a worthy
suggostlbn of him. who, In -practical ways
as well as by Idealistic Inspiration, has.
always prbved hiraelfvth.e''.ulde, phll-'
:osophcr ana ".friend" of every -friend of
peace. "Wo shall And these bodies abfe to
accompbsh much In the political as well
as the economic world. We shall also
find them willing..' They are the great
powers that are most willing: to help In
the effort to avert wars.
r There Is a common Impression that war
makes: buslnessr productive and creates
profits for many people; and.lt was a'cpmA
mon saying during the Civil War at least
In the North that we were petting rich
on the war. I well remember a crusade
which Henry "Ward Beecher made at that
time for the accomplishment, indeed, of
many things, but incidentally, yttth a ;lpw
to overthrowing this." fallacy." The actual
fact was that war was making us poorer.
Though a limited (number of people were
accumulating wealth, this was done at. a
-terrible cost to the country as-a whole
War does- three 'Jthlhgs-'that" make a"
country look' prosperous.- It withdraws
productive energy from Its ordinary chan
nels and makes a scarcity of labor; It
taxes the future for an indefinite time,
gets the proceeds of the taxation, and
.spends these at once. In vast lump sums
and In a- prodigal way. It' enables a few
classes 'of capitalists and employers to
make a salvage from' this profuse expen
diture. In these ways war stimulates
prosperity, but the only people who .get
xiobout of'lt are -those who pick up the
crumbs from a very wasteful table. The
country :gets- poorer with great rapidity.
Therefare three economic classes that
contnrt pontics In the United States, as
elsewhere.. They. are the farmers, who
represent'b.othkib'prand capital but not
organized lab'sif' dpd. -capital the trade
unions, who repres'eiir' consolidated labor,
and the cluss which represents consoli
dated capital, AH' three working together
for the same object would overbear every
trace of oppositions and two of them
working together would probably gain
ttielr ond. TVTsiat Is. avallablo as a po
litical force to be enlisted to the service
of pence isone of those classes that we
can thoroughly count on, and another that
we can-count on conditionally. .
The farmers we cannot' thoroughly de
.pend on; they have diverse views upon
A SIDELIGHT 'ON MATRIMONY
t.. . BY DORTKY DDC
VERY now and ' then one . of. those
t-i a-miGUTaas'...o!Laj?e
-wernne decline
JfrfintTlmwnyt -Thtf lat
est of'thpse Jeremiahs Is President An-,
d'rews, who has"been counseling th.e school
, . teachers ' and Summer students of- the
University bf Chicago -to rush into mat
rimony, and telling them that a man or
woman who voluntarily remained single
was a moral degenerate.
This advice. sounds like that of a. doctor
who always prescribes -port .wiqe and tur
tle soup "for Ills patients, whether they
. Jive in palaces or hovels, but, as or mat
ter of "fact-, -the- altar ls one of tho places
. In life where extremes meet, and the only
two classes that are absolutely frep to
'marry when they please ,are millionaires
and paupers The riqh. may 'because they
ca.n afford tt pay, for -&elr" luxuries, and
s:t& poor because" they are In a position to
take risks they caq'.t-be any worse off
thaja tbty are. ' "
. -rBetweeh these two are the multitude of
, cultivated and. 'refined people who have
to consider ways .and 'means, and with
wbqrrt. It Js.rrn -oeuquestion. whether the
marriage that will requlre'tho crucifixion
. of their tastes and th dajlv.and hourly
sarifice-thecfljnfQrtswill retirrn suf-
.ficlent dividends" in happiness to make It
a paylngUnvcstment ' -
' - THE - HOUSEHOLD COMMISSARIAT
v- BY HARRIET PRESCOTT SPOFFORD
AMONG the many qualities neces
sary to .the happiness of married
people is a certain peculiar faith
fulness in the matter of, tho household
purchases. It is one whose cultivation is
sometimes neglected; yet it is of tho ut-
most I Importance, not only as an affair
of stewardship, but as the tender care
lor tha health of the family is Involved in
It, and it ls one requiring not a little de
votion, as it means, with all tho rest,
dally oversight of the household stores
-and attention to their purchase from the
proper dealers that is, not from the
cheapest, but from tho most upright
Certainly there is constant danger of In
jury from the use of provisions and
medicines bought from irresponsible
dealers, who, Jn order to furnish wares
..at & low price, -ond thus secure custom,
do not trouble themselves to make sure
of their quality.
It ls a shame that the cup of tea or
coffee on which one in some innocent
measure deps-ils, and which with the
poor Is ot only a necessity, but some
times a sole luxury, .' should be the
means of "robbing what health and
strength one has. But- while' there are
unscrupulous persons to coat the tea
SOME FOOLISH CUSTOMS
BY ELIZABETH CADY STANTON
Y first criticism is on the American
custom of using initials for frames.
Notice the letters of most of vnr
correspondents, ind -you will find their
names - abbreviated with some -letters of
.the alphabet '
Now A, B and C do very well for kegs
of llsh, barrels, of flour and spools of
thread, but not for- immortal men and
women.
Some people named after distinguished
men and women, who ought to be proud
of their names,, do the same thing.
I know a, man named Wendell Phillips
, who. signs. himself W.'P. Dodd.
this subject In the main their moral per
ceptions are good, and the appeal to far
mers on the bests of -pure morality has a
high hope of success. But; the farmers are
not tree from fallacy that war makes
profits, and they are affected by the tact
that when war calls men from the farm
to the Held it quickens the demand -for the
foodstuffs produced by those who are not
thus called away. On the basis of purely
economic arguments I think in the long
run we-can count on the farmers; In the
short run, 1 doubt whether we can con
fidently do It. ' .
The'laboring classes have declared them
selves over and over again In favor of
arbitration. They have done this officially
through their organized bodies. Before,
the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian "War
.there was a unanimous demand from the
labor unions of France and Germany for
a prevention of the war; and before every
war that hes recently occurred, In which
civilized nations have been engaged, some
thing of that kind has taken place. "When
the Venezuelan trouble threatened to cm
broil us' with England there were protests
by the labor unions of the United States,
Canada and Great -Britain against any
coarse that could precipitate such, a con
flict. .
. The'reason for this attitude on Ihe part
'of laborers is exceptional. It Is not bo-
cause they have a markedly clearer Insight
into the economic effects - of war than
have-other Classes. What they are -keenly
alivo to Is the fdct.that the labor.movc
mcnt Is International, that it Is an all
around movement, embracing many coun
tries. It alms to emancipate the work
men of the world, and the participants do
not want to be diverted from that pur
pose or 'triwarted by anything that will
destroy the solidarity of their force.
At the time when the Venezuela trouble
was pending I visited some" leaders of
labor unions for the express purpose of
ascertaining their- attitude, and while I
never failed to find a distinct protest
against war. and, to be told that the feel
ing was universal among the laboring
classes, I did not find, that the assertion
was as hearty and. ns earnest aa I had
hoped to And It This was because. Just
then, there were some diverting subjects
before the minds of the organized work
men of this country. They had one or
.two things, prrhaps not more deeply at
heart, but more Immediately so, than
tho ause of. peace, and they had not
much trouble to "spare for HIs more gen
eral subject .
How It is with the commercial classes,
upon whom at once the burdens of war
precipitate"" themselves?- Except In .the'
case of a favored few, the effects of war
. There Isrrf-greater misfortune than that
the world should" bn "handed toeether to
.from a romantic and sentimental point of;
view, when It Is the dne question on
which we should bring to Sear the most
good, hard, common. sense. .We act pre
cisely jib if life ended, as a novel dqes, at
the church door, and as if the happy, cou
ple wouldn't be clamoring for beefsteak
and onions 'by the next meal time. '
No one would undervalue the. beauty
and sacrednoss of love, but It Is a cold
fact that Itis not enough capital on which
to get married, and those who start out
with no other resources soon find them
selves bankrupt in sentiment as well as
purse.
No man is in the proper frame of mind
to bo a- lover when He ls hungry, and tho
affection that has to stand the wear and
tear of shabby clothes and the harass
ment of unpaid bills is pretty apt soon to
show signs of frazzling out around the
Ledges. " . . .
In theory and poetry love is enough.
Practically it Is very Tar .from "belnir
.enough. In the 'first flush of love, a man
thinks these is nothing- -he "would not be
willing to sacrifice for a woman. Some
times while he Is still In that statp of
mind he manries her, - and then he finds
tha't the Income that made one person
leaves and coffee berries with arsenic
and sulphate of copper, tha fatal touch
may be felt by all those who cannot
afford the high-priced article, or who
are too careless to attend to It and buy
of the conscientious dealer; and the re
sponsibility rests with tho wifo who has
the buying in charge.
And this perhaps trifling matter of
the tea and coffe is not all. For, look
at the canners of fruits; there are those
among them who, wishing an easy way
to preserve their product from fermenta
tion, use one of the most powerful and
dangerous of drugs, salicylic acid, whoso
action ought to bo well known, and which
tho physician himself gives only with tho
greatest caution. And the family at tho
table consume the dainty with satisfac
tion. Ignorant that they are eating their
way to destruction those who have un
suspected affections to sudden heart fail
ure, and others to no less serious
if more prolonged -trouble. And since
there are righteous canners, it Is wisdom-
for the house, mother to ascertain
that . her purchases are made of Arms
Rho do not allow tho' oa v.A n
- VA. WiO fMlll- I
cylates, and to make sure, moreover, that j
her milkman la orio who would scorn to i
Now Wendell Phillips would dignify Dodd,
but W. P. only adds to its Insignificance.
A worse blunder of" the American
people, however, is the handing down of
such names as Bull, Hoar, Catt -Cram,
Fish, Crabb, Hitchcock, Crulkshanks, etc
A man should be ashamed of himself
to .give a family of Innocent sons and
daughters any of those names, when by
a simple act of tho Legislature they can
b'o so easily changed.
Imagine two beautiful girls, in white
muslin and blue sashes, announced in an
English drawing-room by a loud-mouthed
SSsher as -"The Missus Bull." while wo
show themselves In. the shape of shrunk
en profits or closed avenues for enterprise.
The direct costs of the war ar;e so colos
sal that they cannot for a moment be. dis
regarded, but they are the least of the
wastes that war entaiis. The trouble that
war occasions -In the commercial ' world
Is expressed in the phrase, 'The disrup
tion of an economic organism.' If -I
were to go into details on the significance",
of this phrase, readers would think that
the eSbject Is dry enough. Some things,
however, are obvious. If two men wero
living in an isolated way, each producing
every -commodity that he used, they
might declare war on each other without
entailing costs, except the direct ones
that the fighting would occasion. If,
however, the two men constituted a
microscopic community, and If they had
developed such a division of labor that
one produced the food lor both, while
the other produced the clothing, then a
violent feud would mean not only direct
costs, but" a. paralysis of production. If
tho connection has become still more
Intimate, so that the men were not only
each other's customers, but each other's
partners, a break between them would
be more-disastrous still. A foodprodiiccr
who owned capital; fn.thc hands of the
artisan and an artlpaawho. owned capital
In the hands -.of the fooflp'ctta'ucer would
require a sbre provocation -td- induce them
td fight ThlsruyKejIts some
thing that Ls taking place-In the business
world. What-JS-happening ajl over the
world today Is the economic annexation
of the nations to each other, so that the
relations of partnership as well as of
interchange are established between them.
The formation of this union gota on with
great activity. "We not only send goods
to every country, but we send capital and
enterprise. Men. gp-to foreign lands and
become employers of capital and labor.
This occurs freely between members of
the circle of highly, civilized countries,
but less frequently between the civilized
nations and others; -and between coun
tries of such urijlto degrees of '-advancement
wars are brought on more easily.
Within tho circle , of civilized countries
the waste caused by war would be 'such,
that few s'tatistlcans would" be bold
enough to express It In figures; and it
would come with immediate and crushing
force on classes engaged in commerce
between tho countries affected and those
that have made Investments across the
border. .Wo can appeal to these classes
with perfect confidence that in any
threatening exigency they will do some-,
thing 'positive,- and that will usually bo
enough to preclude the outbrcak.of war.
If the unduly .belHgcrant spirit and feel
ing of the;" American people were to as-
very comfortable can make a family" ve.ry
uncomfortable. ,
"lie na' thV'-"- -jrattcma"ii aria
t ho. iiiib I ls f- .g-oefc--soal3 tut -ixnO. h e - i:aJ
toeen used to his little Indulgences. Im
pecunious matrimony changes all that
With a family to support he must dress
cheaply, five in a common ilttle flat, where
the 'ugliness 6t everything is an Insult to
taste cultivated up. to the Turkish rug
and blue china ideal. He gets his exer
cise dodging the bill collector Instead of
knocking golf balls, and knows the plays
h delighted In only through the news
paper review.
Is lt any wonder, .facing these condi
tions, ' that ' the moderately well-to-do
.bachelor pauses on the safo side of mat
rimShy and asks himself If love ls going
to make up to him -for tho sacrifices of
tho tastes and habits of a lifetime? In
deed, he may well go farther and ask
himself If he will oven lovo the woman,
now so dainty and beautiful, when he has
dragetf-her down to poverty with him,
and -she' wears madeVover clothes, and
does her own cooking. We all have seen
men who turned from th hard-worked
drudge on their hearthstone to sonio
beautiful woman, Jn shimmering silks and
laces, Who represented man's ideal of the
eternally feminine.
But, say these advocates of indiscrimi
tako advantage of the antiseptic property
of tho drug, oven If he knew of it, as
much as he would scorn to rob her of
any portion of her nourishment by water
ing It Poison Is bad enough In the work
man's beer, but In the children's milk It
Is unforgivable. Investigations that havo
been made Into tho habits of various or
tho dealers In the great staples of food
make It possible to discover where safety
lies. .
It may not bo a vital matter to her
when the provider finds candy adulterated
by terra-alba, since one Is hardly more
deleterious than the other, as a frequent
article of diet But it ls much more seri
ous when she finds the arrow root which,
when it Is wanted, is wanted in Its ut
most purity mingled with flour or wltn
uuue uuhi; arrow root mat is fed to babies
on the edge of their little graves, and
which, if it is of an Impure sort, can only
precipitate them into that darkness.
Tho good wife will And other things,
those with which flour is mingled, if she
stays to discover, and where, when ex
posed to the air, or left in damp or closed
recentaclf": th flnur yimn
fungus which produces complaints that, I
If not fatal, are productive of discomfort
IN NAMES
have such dignified family names as
Douglas, Hamilton, Livingston and Mont
g'omery. Thlnk of the audacity of Obedlah Hitch
cock asking the queenly Margaret Liv
ingston to change her name for his rusty
cognomen.
When women are more cultivated and
independent, as they should be, they will
inaugurate a complete change in this
direction.
Men havo already shown their Incom
petency regarding this matter.'
In the first place, as women grow more
self-rcsbecUng they will Insist on re-
sert' themselves In some ebullition of
wrath which. In so far as the majority
of our people were concerned, the eco
nomic Influences would have -difficulty In
.stemming, the commercial classes could
bo counted on to use their power in be-'
half of conciliation and peace.
I want to say Just a word about- the
marked 'distinction between the relations
whichhighly, civilized countrlesthe great
powers of the world, occupy to each
other, and -tho relation which this circle
of nations occupies 'to the inferior and
less civilized portion of the world, I
am as far as possible from feeling the
slightest "discouragement I rather think
r-fe'el a sense of strong encouragement,
as" far- as the ultimate succtss of our
movement is concerned by reason of the
fact that a number of minor wars have
been going on. and that since the crea
tion of The Hague tribunal the world
has not lapsed Instantly Into ,a state of
peace. These minor wars 'what are
they? They are the unhappy attendant
Incidents' . of the economical annexation
of uncivilized portions of the world to
the clvlflzed portion; they aro causing
that greet circle of nations within which
war Is soon to be prevented by economic
causes to grow .larger and larger. A
zone that was outside of the Influences
of high civilization ls included within It;,
the process Involves a war, unfortunate
ly. Do you think that. In the end, It
makes lor war? On the contrary; it con;
tinually extends the area. within which
forces that we did not originate, but
forces that we can gladly and confidently
appeal to, are In process of establishing
perpetual peace.
I recall well tho feeling that we used
to have, when the phrase that ls so at-tractlv&7-"The
Parliament of Man, the
Federation of the World" was . used in
literature and In conferences for the' pro
motion of arbitration.- It has a poetical
sound. We did not quite think of It as
representing an 'iridescent dream," but
there was some Iridescence about it, even
In our own minds. We thought of it as a
thing to be hoped for and. prayed for, but
not confidently expected. "To. .use- the
words of one speaker, we thought or
those who were working for It as -Rowing
hard against the stream.
And we took courage from the fact that
In the operation they
Saw distant gates of- Eden gleam.
. But it Is more than the gates of Eden,
since it is nothing distant and ls not of
the nature of a paradise that we can
reach only by passing through and beyond
the tangible present world. It is as sub
stantial as anything earthly, and ls morn
like the rock of a mountain than like the
mist that floats over it What it 1" ex
actly" like ls rock In the process, or
making, and well advanced In the pro-
.cess. It Is coming into existence through
the action of cosmic force. Economic
laws are resistlessly working to bring the
world into a federation. To us it is even
given to do something to make them
work more efficiently.
nate matrimony, these young -people
would be able to marry if they' would be
gin life where their parents didv It is a
nonsensical argument Nobody can go
backward. Nobody can use tallow dips,
'and be satisfied, after thy art- 'used to
electric lights, or. travel by stjgecoach
when they are accustomed to .the auto
mobile. It Is true that we.domand more
A " x u rjes than, our jjarcntSi 45t Jut.wc
are used to more. Rightly, or wronBiv.
there is the educated and refined taste
to be dealt with, and so wc are left with
a condition that the theory docs not fit
This. Is not arguing that only the rich
Should marry. Far from It The happiest
and most Congenial marriages are those
In which young people of moderate means
have' pooled their .capital of brains and
energy and worked their way up to
gether.
But unfess between them a man and
woman have enough income to support
them m the way of life in which they
have been accustomed to live, matrimony
ls a hazardous experiment to try, and
anybody who would recommend a young
couple to get married without a definite
way of making a good living, on tho
theory that they would get along some-
now or oiner, wouiu recommend a man
who couldn't swim to jump overboard at
sea, because there have been people who
didn't get drowned.
. There are exceptions to all rules, of
course. There have been men who could
live on bread and cheese and kisses and
be happy. BJit, as a general thing. It Is
better to have loved and lost than to have
gotten married on a beer Income when
ybu have champagne tastes.
and disease. She will find, .however, no
adulteration more wicked than that some
times practiced with cream of 'tartar, by
means of powdered gypsum or alum or
other substances; slnde cream of tartar,
besides its use In food. Is administered
In critical Instances of Illness, in order
to make one organ do the work of another
organ, giving the latter time to rest and
recuperate and go along again for a pe
riod; but when thus adulterated tha drug
ls deprived of its power and ls even some
times made to bring about an exactly con
trary result '
Although the use of "these foreign 'ele
ments Is as bad as the weakening of
laudanum or of quinine, for which some
druggists so emending, have been right
eously condemned and punished, yet our
good wifo will hear little about them,
and should Instruct herself as to tha nec
essary tests for them. Nona of tho so
called poisons Is the druggist allowed to
sell without a prescription and a warning
on the bottle, yet these other equally po
tent poisons the dealer possessed by de
testable greed uses with Impunity, and
only Inspecting care on tho part of the
purchaser can evade them.
As the household commissariat, she
will find that she cannot exercise too
much supervision of the selection of ar
ticles, the names and brands of manu
facturers, and the responsibility of deal
ers, unless she wants to hear ringing in
her mind's car the ancient cry. "There
is death In the pot!"
i talnlng their life-long names even after
marriage.
When they are no longer ciphers In the
state, the church or the home, hut fitii.
' Hedged American citizens, they will not
consent to be known by such Ignominous
: names as Mrs. Hiram Hncr- thnj hm.inn.
, . J "
ino woman wcose own name has been
distinguished both by her father and her
self. A man should have some pride In giving
a. euphonious name to his wife and
family. If an old grandfather saw fit
to dub himself Bull or Catt that Is no
reason why his descendants should per
petuate It to the end of time.
Hero is a department of social ethics
to which woman must now give her
supervision.
Tdan, by .long experience, has proved
himself Incompetent for- this work.
HOOLIGANS OF .THE ANIMAJLWQRt
THERE-Is a common Idea to the effect
that man enjoys a monopoly of tho
so-called "human" vices. Nothing,
.however, could be more untrue. With
the solitary exception, perhaps; of gamb
ling, animals practice these vices, d,e
light in them, revel in them; every one.
Thcy."will bolt great lumps of. food till
they simply cannot force one additional
morsel down their throats. They will
.drink themselves as drunk ffs Elah, the
'son of Baasha did in Tlrzah. They will
spend almost" the whole of their lives
wrapped In what one of the old moralists
describes, as "sluggy slumber." They
just wake up to eat. In fact, and then go
to sleep again. And even the modern
vlco of hooliganism, that by-product of
an advanced and congested civilization,
Is not really modern at all. It Is almost
as old as the everlasting hills.
In the animal kingdom one law Teigns
supreme, and that ls the ,law of the
strongest. Everything Is based upon
The good old rule, the simple plan.
That thoy should take who have the power.
And they should keep who can:
That, of course. Is not hooliganism. But
you find, in addition, a strong tendency.
In certain animate to worn other anl-
mals; to plague, pester and persecute
them without any particular reason; and
even to . band together so that their
powers of annoyance may be increased.
This tendency, strange to say. Is man
J rested chiefly among birds. Tho great
tit, for instance, ls a terrible bully. His
highest delight ls to attack other birds,
to perch upon their backs, to split open
their skulls with his sharp and powerful
beak, and then, to feast upon their brains.
It has been suggested that he does this
only when driven by hunger. Nothing
or the kind. He does It just' because
he Is stronger than they are, and be
cause' he delights in oppressing the weak
and unprotected. A great tit was placed
one night In a welJ-fllled aviary. Ho
was supplied with food In plenty, but
by breakfast time next morning he had
slain every one of hi3 fellow captives
except a quail.
Of course, like the warriors of certain
savage races, the great tit may have a
vague Idea that by feeding on the brains
of his victims he acquires their courage,
their energy, and their other virtues gen
erally. But even this excuse cannot be
made for tho robin, whose temper is of
the most overbearing description, while
his Jealously literally knows no bounds.
WONDERS
ON March 24 last M. Garnicr began
hla attempt to beat the piano
playing record at the Cafe Mar
tino, in Paris. He undertook to play the
pjano continuously for 27 hours, except
for brief Intervals, amounting in all to
SO minutes.
He began at 9 o'clock in the evening
nad played -wifll6uMst IJllJYirCriPcJe
the morning-. He toolcrfef intervals for
but about 5 the next evening cramp
seized his fingers. However, massage re
lieved hjm, and he kept on. His hands
swelled dreadfully, and his face -became
congested. His arms had to be propped
with cushions. However, he stuck to.lt
till midnight, winning his wager of 40,
with 14 minutes In hand. Then he col
lapsed, prostrated, with a severe nervous
attack.
Even more startling was the feat of
Bancla, who, at Venice, succeeded in
playing for &3 hours on end, with only
three brief rests. He, however, played
slow and easy music compared with the
pieces performed by the plucky French
man. No other creature on earth can under
go such tremendous fatigue over long pe
riods of time as can man. In speed aver
short distances there are, of course,
dozens of animals such as the horse, dog,
and hare with which man cannot com
pete. But In long-distance races man
well-trained -can wear down the best of
them.
A really amazing pedestrian feat was
accomplished by that famous walker, J.
Hibbcrd, of London. In 1S99 he walked
from Shoredltch Church to Yarmouth a
distance of 124 miles In 27 hours 4S
minutes. He was 50 years old nt tha
time. butwould without doubt-Have done
the distance in an 'hour less if he had
IF I
(Copyright. 1902. W. R. Hearst.)
IN the grass the cricket was hurrying
his oong toward its end. and in the
first suggestion of a chill that had
fallen upon Summer the bird turned hla
molancholy eye toward the south. With
tho scent of hay newly cut the air was
sweet, and in the orchard the yellow apple
glowed in tho softening sun. Beneath a
tree near the roadside sat a man. Beside
him lay his hat, and bowed was his head.
for in the sudden changes of season there
was thought and he was musing.
"Seventy years old with the coming of
cool weather," he said, his head bowed
over. "And what have I accomplished?"
"Nothing!" conscience so promptly re
plied that he was startled. "Nothing,"
conscience repeated, and shaking his head,
he acknowledged: "Nothing. Year after
year I have wasted my time, arising
strong In resolve and lying down weak
with the consciousness of failure. I have
marked the strongest passages In great
books, detemlned to live up to them, but
growing weary have forgotten them, again
to fall back In vain and thoughtless ways."
"You have gambled," said consclenoe.
"Yes, believing that in the years to come
I would reform, but the years have slipped
by, and now I am 70, almost vicious in
habits and still uncultivated In mind. I
used to muse that If again I were only
30, 40 and now I would that I were only
50 that I might mend my ways."
"Then you do not think that at 50 you
would be a fool."
"No, not with the knowledge I now pos
sessof my experience of the world."
"After all," said conscience, "knowledge
Is what one knows not so much of the
world as of himself. Hl9tory Is valuable
In that it makes you acquainted with the
past and the past Is useful only to the
degree that. upon the future It throws a
guiding searchlight. And how much bet
BY REV. THEODORE "WOOD
If a robin takes up his quarter-" .n a
greenhouse or a shed he re-i-dj. the
whole of the premises as -his oUn private
property, and will attack any feathered
Intruder, even of his oyta species, with
the utmost ferocity. Fmr or "five years
ago a robin hit upon Hereford Cathedral
as a suitable ..dwelling place, and lived
therein for many weeks to his own en
tire satisfaction. But he evidently con
sidered that the Cathedral was not big
enough for twp, for when. another robin
one day, greatly daring, ventured to in
trude he dashed lat it savagely, hunted
It about all over the building, and was
finally found sitting triumphantly upon
his dead body. I know of a case, too,
in which a robin, who had annexed a
small greenhouse, attacked and killed no
less than 19 other robins which at in
tervals during some three years had dared
to invade the sacred precincts. And the
robin does not feed upon the brains of
his slaughtered victims..
Then there Is the nuthatch, who ap
pears to. be a hooligan of the most pronounced-
description. At any rate, spar
rows, -chaffinchs, robins, and even titmice
are utterly afraid of him. If you fasten
a. lump of fat meat to tho branch of a
jtree In Winter time for the benefit of
small "birds, and a nuthatch happens to
catcfr sight of it. he does not alight on
tho branch and hop up to the meat in
order to obtain a share. He launches
himself at from some little distance like
a missile discharged from a catonanit und
simply sends the other birds scattering
in all directions to watch him respect
fully from afnr until he has eaten his
fill. What mysterious terrors await the
bold bird who ventures to challenge his
supremacy no man may say. for the gage,
apparently, has never been thrown down.
Sometimes one finds combination resort
ed to by animals for the more successful
pursuits of hooligan tactics. In the early
Autumn of 1SS7, for Instance, seven herons
came sweeping down suddenly out of the
blue to attack a couple of swans which
were lazily swimming about on the lake
In Wimbledon Park. The swans had done
absolutely nothing to provoke interfer
ence. They were not even feeding on
anything which the herons could possibly
want for themselves. The band of bullies
Just came along and went for them on the
' 'eave-'arf-a-brick-at-'im" principle, driv
ing at them with extended beaks and
striking again and again. The swans,
however, defended themselves manfully,
and even got In a stroke or two now and
OF HUMAN ENDtfRANCE
BY ROBERT LLOYD
not missed his way, and covered several
unnecessary pilles.
Every day the average man generates
a fqree of 3100 foot-tons enough, that Is,
to raise 3400 tons a height of one foot.
Only 10 per cent of this force is available
for other work than that of keeping th
body warm. But how much the resijrf
bo exceeded by a strong maw.
IjJgrgyed-bry he J&ctthat
McXensle, winner ot the racelSSt "year
to the top of Ben Novls, was working at
the rate of 11.000 foot-pounds penf minute
during the 6S minutes that the race last
ed. 'Speaking of mountain - climbing. Sir
Martin Conway's Alpine record of the
year 1S94 Is another startling proof of
what man Is physically capable of doing
and enduring. Sir Martin's tour lasted
86 days. During that time he covered 1000
miles on foot, ascended 21 peaks of an
average height of 11,500 feet, and crossed
29 lofty passes. It has been calculated
that a man who climbs a 7000-foot peak
In five hours exerts enough energy to
raise five fully-loaded locomotive engines
one foot from the ground.
Long-distanco cycling gives a furthe
proof of the enormous endurance of man.
In the six days' International cycle race
of 1S09, tho winners Miller and Waller
covered 2733 miles between the Monday
morning and Saturday night Brown, the
vegetarian cyclist, recently rode on open
road3, often In great heat, and again
under pouring rain. 1S00 miles In 109 hours.
Although man Is not well-fitted by na
ture to bo' a swimmer, and Is one of the
few land cratures who cannot swim with
out being taught, yet In long-distance
i swimming he can give points to any
other land animal. Montague Holbein, in
September. 1839, swam 46 miles ln.22 hours.
Even in the matter of fasting there are
WERE ONLY FIFTY
BY OPIE READ
ter off the world would be If a man at his
death could leave to his son his mental
training, his experience, rather than his
money. By the way, having reached 50,
didn't you know that soon you would be
70?"
"Yes.- but foolishly I supposed-that it
would be as long between 50 and 70 as it
was between 30 and "50."
"What would you do If again you were
50?"
"I should realize that at 50 a man's mind
Is at Its best The money which I have
thrown away In speculations I would In
vest In books, and by making myself ac
quainted with the world's greatest minds,
reap substantial enjoyment. I have ob
served that the truly learned man ls never
a bore, that he does not talk about him
self, the great evil into which Ignorant
age invariably falls, and that youth, even
In the pursuit of folly, halts to pay his
respect"
"Would you rather be a wise than a rich
old man?"
"Yes. decidedly. A rich old man Is
more often an object of pity than of ad
miration. Age is naturally covetous and
secretive. Youth may be generous, with
out a thought of a return, but age de
mands interest on Its money, and Is only
charitable at the brink of the grave."
"But haven't you noted many excep
tions?" "Only a few. Sophocles said, 'None
cleave to life so fondly as the old,' and
the succeeding ages have echoed his wis
dom. The average rich man. as he ktows
old, ls constantly beset with the fear that
he may starve. He looks at a dollar, and
says, 'This would for a whole day keep
me out of the poorhouse.
"You must be a fool. Indeed, for you
are 70 years old and have neither wlsdon
nor money. Can you think of a condition
more deplorable?"
"I don't dare to think."
then on their account, the ultimo
suit being that the herons had the wott ".J
of the battle.
jx cuupiu'ui siurtu:, lou, 01 my own at-,l
qualntanccwere kept for some little tima f
in a garden and spent most of their timo -in
watching for prowling cats. One of thd '
commonest sights In that garden for thei
first two or three, weeks oi their presence
was that of a cat tearing along with. -every
hair erect at the rate of about a
couple of hundred miles an hour with tha
storks In full cry behind it But tha
news of their doughty doings soon got f
about and stray cats became scarcer in- "
the garder than they had been. for many'
a long year nast
I am not sure this was hooliganism pure '
and simple on the part of the storks. Pos
sibly It was only the love of sport. It may ''
even have been that they acquired some-''
thing of the instinct which leads dogs to
object strongly to trespassers, real or
Imaginary. But thev were certainly fond I
oi exercising mcir superior atrengtn at tne fj
expense of other creatures, and thev un-
dennood the art of combining In orde
to do so to the best advantage, and to t&
harmless, If necesfary. cats they becaa
a veritable terror.
But there can be no doubt at all toho
behavior of a ?wan at Linlithgow, jtf B..
which finally itet with well-merltedun-Ishment.
In thfi case a pair of coou had
been attempting to build ;- In a til of
rushes and had go as far as layld tha
foundation of their ests. Next moling,,
however, the fruits ot their toil" h dis
appeared. Again they set to worMwIth
precisely the same result. The then,
moved to a little distance and bian a
third nest, and once mire thefdlflca
vanished like the unsubstantial frlc of
a vision. On the fourth morning v- mys
tery was solved, and a swa'n wasfcen to
swim up to the spot and delprately
trample the rude platform of rusn under
water. The coot now had idectly
reached the limits of their diarance.
They dashed at the swan togper, and
while one attacked It In frontfchargtts
It valiantly again ind again, hi ,her
mounted upon Its bVck and bej?Oir
lng the feathers out of hlaK)V,,a
w.v........0 -S,wa
.til r-.
i MS.""."
wlngs to anyiect.
j i y
ana in u. ""Jfifcs the great piking
bully was in full leavlns. hulte a
small cloud of floatln? lne alr
behind It. Thfne3t was.not laterfered
with again. ,
L
-y
warm-blooded creatures who can
julate such a performance as the 40
Ays' fast of Tanner.
Man's memory is one of his most won
derful attributes. What Is possible in this
direction was proved a year or two ago
at Naples, when a professor of rhetoric
Arllnl by .name repeated from memory
15.350 lines, of. Dante. He began to rcclta
at S o'clock intVtvt-venIigTand weUt oa
nil 2n3 the next af ternoon. He was thus
at work for 1003 minutes, his rate being
S30 lines an hour. He only stopped for a
minute or two at long Intervals to sip
a little brandy and water. Alraos.t equal
ly startling was the speech made by
Count Lechter in the Austrian Parliament
two, years ago. Beginning at 9 o'clock In
the evening, he spoke until 9 the next
morning. During these. 12 ijours he never
sat down, never repeated himself, and
never failed to hold the attention of hla
audience.
Amazing exhibitions of long-sustained
brain-power have been given by chess
players. PHlsbury recently played IS
games of chess simultaneously, without
seeing the boards of any of his opponents-,
and at the same time played a game of
whist and chatted to his friends. What '
Is more, he won all these games but one.
"fnti nn art -rtrc If ft- wiAia oHwl
more, and bear mor- pahthagrtrflnostj
buj oilier cniuire. .eysseus, inff lieiglaj
glutton, who died last year, once ate
uaru-Doueu eggs ai a meai. .a. mar
named Nightingale recently carried
sack of sand, welshing one hundred
weight, four .miles from Ilford ta Bow
In 59 minute?. . night-watchman over 60
was recently run over by an engine at
Queen's road. Battersea. He had 12 ribs
broken, 'and his right foot crushed, but...
he walked some distance along tho line,
descended 1G steps of a ladder, -and Walked
another 23 yards to his hut. He was still
alive when found four hours later.
"But you have a good constitution and
may live to be So. What are you going to
do in the meantime?"
"Well, my memory ls now so much at
fault that It is too late to think of ac
quiring knowledge. And I should be al
most useless at any sort of employment"
"Don't you say this to excuse a further
waste of time?"
"No, but mention the fact to show that
It ,1s now useless to attempt anything.
But if I were only 50 again I would maka
a man of myself. I wouldn't gamble, but
avoiding evil places, would settle down to
a life of common sense and stability. Aft-
er the age of 50 men have accomplished
great things, but after 70 there Is nothing
but the enforced philosophy of the grave."
"What was the greatest error of your
life?" conscience Inquired.
"A disregard for the economy of time.
How often have I said. 'Well. It helDs ta
pass away the time.' Why should we wish
to pas's away the time except that wo may
be nearer eternity? A day wholly lost,
spent In a manner to whirl us lightly
through the precious hours Is much worse
than the loss of money, for that may ba
regained. Ah. If I were only 50!"
From the tree an apple fell. The dream
er started and awoke, and the first thought
that entered his mind was, "Thank heaven
I am only 50 "
Swiftly down the road came a man is
a buggy. Pulling up his team, he call:
out:
"Helloa. Colonel, get In and go with
to the races."
"Got anything good?"
"A sure thing."
"All right, I'm with vou ' nnrt tt
Into the buggy, the man of 50 was rapit
uriven iowara 70.
' Some of the newest and daintiest sher
bet glasses or cups are of decorated
china with, sliver mounts or rests