The Sunday Oregonian., June 29, 1902, Page 4, Image 4

THE SUNDAY OBBGOOTAN, EOBTLAD, JUNE 29, 1902.
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ORTLAITD, 6TJXDAY, JUICE 20, 1002.
LHTTICAIi STUDY OF THE BIBLE,
If the religious unrest of today is not
profound as It "was from twenty to
Kdrty years ago. the fact is due to the
terowing acceptance of the historical
method in dealing with the concepts
tand traditions of religion. Many of the
ichief difficulties have been cleared
Jaway, and "where they have not been
twholly cleared away ground has been
established for advance or inquiry on
)a rational basis; so that the human
snind begins to see a reasonable method
In the treatment of the great problems
jof life and spirit. This result is largely
due to modern critical study of the
Bible itself. The unrest is "working its
own cure. But it is -establishing a new
basis for the estimate of the progress of
the religious spirit In man.
No one -who pays any attention to
what is going on In the religious world
can fail to see that the one great ques
tion now before it is that relating to the
Bible, its nature, character, history and
authorship. Nearly all the controver
sies, discussions, doubts and specula
tions which today so largely occupy the
attention of the churches have been in
spired by modem critical study of the
Bible, and can find their -ultimate solu
tion only In the settlement of the ques
tions raised by this criticism. The o
callcd progressive theology movement In
the Congregational churches, the contro
versy over Christian eschatology, the
recent revision of the standards of the
Presbyterian Church, the Broad Church
movement in the Episcopal Church, and
the remarkable growth of liberal ideas
and of a questioning spirit in all de
nominations, have their origin in and
derive their strength from that spirit
of Investigation which has been fostered
by modern biblical criticism and by sci
entific methods of research. A great
array of facts has been brought to light,
which, if admitted and many of them
must be admitted utterly overthow the
old theories of the - erbal Inspiration,
.the infallibility ant. the inerrancy of
this remarkable literature. Many ot
the conclusions of the criticisms have
already been tacitly accepted by the
churches, both Christian and Jewish;
indeed the consciousness of the age is
deeply tinged with the new thought
about the Bible; and it is evident that
the process is destined to go on indefi
atftely, in spite of the frantio efforts of
vthe conservatives. Individuals in the
churches who adopt the views of the
critics doubtless will be disciplined still
though In decreasing numbers. But
mo ecclesiastical machinery can arrest
the movement of which they are the
product. Whether for good or evil, It Is
"working its way into the very heart of
modern Christianity.
For modern criticism has established
lits right to exist by what it has done.
ITrue, its conclusions are not always
sure, but the work points to truth as
Its result, and the traditions of the
church and the conclusions of critics
must be tried before the bar of truth
and fact, presided over by the rational
end historic spirit. The old dogma
which forbids any examination of the
Bible, or any rational Judgment in re
gard to it, is out of harmony with the
historical fact that the present books of
the Bible were gathered together by
the exercise of the very same rational
weighing of evidence which is, by that
dogma, forbidden. In making up the
present Scriptural canon, fallible men
did exactly what the critics are doing
now; that is, they used their reason to
weigh the facts and evidence, in accord
ance with which they decided that cer
tain books were "inspired," while others
were not. And on this very point there
always has been a dispute, which is to
be settled at last only by acceptance
of a rational definition of inspiration.
If criticism has a right to examine
any part of the Bible or any inherited
opinion about it, it has a right to ex
amine every part and every opinion.
No half-way method can be enforced.
The object of the criticism is to find
out what the Bible is and what it
claims for itself, as opposed to the great
body of criticisms and interpretations
whioh tradition has gathered about it
In this view the study of the Bible Is
simply one branch of that science of his
tory whose object is to make the past
real to the present. Christianity Itself
Is both a history and a literature, and
is subject, therefore, to the laws of his
torical Inquiry and of literary criticism.
To divorce the Bible from history and
humanity, and to turn it into a mys
terious Delphic oracle, is to destroy Its
essential character.
This scientific and historical criticism
has revolutionized the old conception
of the Bible. It has Introduced the ele
ment of historical perspective, and has
taught .the necessity of discrimination
"between the various part It has made
aotual to us the Biblical past. In its
Teal aspecta. It has brought out the
Ideas of development and of religious
evolution which so mark the history of
the Bible. It has laid the foundation of
a sane exegesis in opposition to the fan
tastic "squatter sovereignty exegesis,"
as some one has-happlly'called it, which
formerly dominated the minds of theo
logians" and pulpiteers. It has taught
men to weigh and sift that which tradi
tion, often ignorant and nearly always
over-credulous, took for granted, and
thus has ruled out of court the appeal
to blind credulity, which from the be
ginning has done eo much to arrest
or to turn aside from its true course
the orderly and rational development of
religion. It has done much to settle
the question of authority, by showing
that it Is "a variable quantity, depend
ing on testimony, probability and truth.
It has brought out the law of discrimi
nation, in estimating the' value of dif
ferent portions of these books, and has
done much for their rational Interpreta
tion by reconstruction of the conditions
under which they must have been pro
duced. It gives weight to probable evi
dence, which In all departments of
thought is the very guide of life.
Here, for example, are the first Ave
books, the Pentateuch, or six, the Hexa
teuch, including the Book of Joshua.
"What are they, and how were they
composed? It Is now the universally
accepted judgment of competent schol
arship that they are a composite of
narratives and laws, belonging to the
history of Israel, covering a very long
period, made up of materials altered,
adjusted and reset at different times, to
suit changing conceptions in the na
tional and religious life of the people.
Of the various documents wrought Into
these books, some are older than others
by many centuries; the seams upon
which they were united are everywhere
plainly visible, and it Is possible to as
certain from study and comparison at
about what time the work of the later
editors was done and what was the
purpose of It. Thus, what is called the
Yahwistlo document was composed in
the north Israelite kingdom within the
ninth century, B. C, or quite at the
beginning of the eighth; while the elo
hlstlc document was written in the
same kingdom by an author acquainted
with the other document, and who must
I have lived about 750 B. C. Both works
were known and received in Judah, or
the southern kingdom, also; but they
could not satisfy permanently the exist
ing and gradually unfolding require
ments of the latter kingdom, and both
alike were accordingly so expanded and
recast that in the second half of the
seventh century distinctively Judean
edltionsof both had come Into existence;
which again at some period later than
G50 B. C, thus supplemented and
worked over, were combined into a sin
gle whole. The continuous redaction of
the Hexateuch Is a fact accepted by the
scholarship of the world. Upon this
problem more labor has perhaps been
expended than upon any other in liter
ary history, and though there remain
some differences of opinion as to minor
details, the general result is placed be
yond the bounds of dispute. The work
was brought gradually into Its present
form, to meet or suit the changing re
ligious consciousness from which It
emanated. Much of the matter, more
over, is in historical contradiction, with
the setting that holds It; for it is a
record of an effort to reconstruct the
history of past times on a basis to meet
the supposed wants of the present and
future. Each of the divergent accounts
has Its distinctive language and char
acteristic turns of speech and style.
Indeed, the narratives differ so widely
In this respect that even without refer
ence to their contents scholars are able
to place diversity of authorship and
differences of time above the reach of
doubt, merely by noting the divergen
cies of form.
Study of the Bible, therefore, is a lit
erary and historical problem, subject
to the general canons of literary and
historical criticism. The result does not
diminish the value of the contents, but
It changes from tradition to reason,
from the unscientific to the historical
spirit, the grounds of authority for
Judging them.
A SECRET OP AUTHORSHIP.
The first requisite of authorship Is
something to say, but almost equally
essential is knowledge how to say it.
Many a worthy intellectual enterprise Is
wrecked because navigated with bad
grammar and unseaworthy vocabu
laries. This important truth is suggest
ed by the appeal of a correspondent:
Authorities hero differ as to the correctness
ot this expression: "Which of the places, Eon-
don, Brighton or Leeds, will bo tho most, con
venient for you to reach?" Some say "and"
should be used rather than "or." "What Bays
Tho Oregonlan?
One of the expressions used Is wrong
and the other is right, and perhaps the
right one is. after all, the more objec
tionable of the two. "We shall not say
which, because It Is not worth while.
There Is no choice between two abom
inable expressions. Say, Would Lon
don, Brighton or Leeds be most con
venient for you to Teach?
Multitudes never learn that the ob
ject of language Is to make progress in
thought between speaker and hearer, or
between "writer and reader. "Whether
we aim to charm or to Instruct, or to
edify, the purpose Is the same to reach
the understanding most effectively. To
run that race we must cast aside every
weight; and there is no more grievous
weight than the habit of compelling tho
reader or hearer to stop every little
while to wonder if the oantence in hand
is not Incorrect. If you wanted a man
to stop your runaway horse, you would
not address him In such terms as would
leave him long In doubt as to your
meaning. Ton would want him to un
derstand at once and act forthwith.
Something less urgent, perhaps, but no
less direct, Is the purpose of every
spoken and written word. The aim is
to effect some mental or physical ac
tion, or both, and anything that inter
feres with that end is objectionable.
It Is not enough, then, that a sentence
should be grammatically correct. It
should so avoid all appearance of evil
that even the finicky reader will not
constantly be diverted from the thought
by a question of accuracy and an In
vestigation then and there. If you say,
A group of men was seen surrounding
the broken vehicle, half your readers
will begin to wonder whether "was"
shouldn't have been "were." No such
question would arise If It had been sim
ply, said that the broken vehicle was
seen to be surrounded by a group ot
men. Carelessness in the choice of
words not only sets readers to speculat
ing about grammatical accuracy and
elegance, but often leaves them In doubt
as to the writer's meaning. Clearness
and conciseness are the great objects In
style. To confuse the reader Is fatal
to effective impressions, to distract his
atianilon from the thought to the form
J of expression Is to lose him by the way-
side. Here Is a secret of authorship.
The great writer carries his readers
along with him to the end of the chapter.
KO STANDARD OP STATBEHOOD.
Notwithstanding the force of the an
tagonistic criticism which Mr. Charles
Francis Adams has stirred, up by his.
proposal of a statue for General t Lee,
and without abating anything The Ore
gonlan has said In opposition to his
encomiums of the Confederate leader.
It may beconceded that Mr. Adams has
arrived at a perfectly correct conclusion
through most lame and Impotent pro
cesses of reasoning. "What ho predicts
about a statue to Lee will probably
come true; but all the steps by which
he is persuaded-of Its verity must be
cast away.
A very moderate amount of historical
knowledge and penetration should have
shown Mr. Adams the Impossibility of
estimating one man from the career of
another, however numerous the points
of superficial resemblance which Inge
nuity may supply. The great man's
place In history Is determined to a
very limited extent by his own charac
ter. It depends very largely upon the
exigencies of his time and the public
sentiment with which he has to deal,
and It is most profoundly determined
by the fate which time and chance visit
upon its remote consequences.
Nothing more pertinent can be asked
of the great man's career, than this:
What la the net result of his life upon
the course of history? Time and chance
have Identified Lincoln with the over
throw of slavery and the death of seces
sion, both of which were National move
ments that would have found another
exponent in his- absence. Time and
chance have identified Washington with
the achievement of American independ
ence, whoso debt to him Is greater than
the Civil War's debt to Lincoln, but not
such that without him the record would
have been otherwise. A man like Crom
well or like Bismarck', who contributes
of his own personality to distract di
rection of the course of history, shares
in a class whose ranks can never be
entered by a defeated leader like Lee,
however pure his purposes or amiable
his character. Cromwell destroyed the
divine right of Kings a stroke in com
parison with whlcH Lee did nothing at
alL Perhaps even Napoleon will some
day occupy a lower place In fame than
Cromwell will, for, though he personi
fied on the Continent that spirit cif de
mocracy which Cromwell had repre
sented In Britain, his work, stamped
indelibly on France, departed from Eu
rope In general, except as it built up
In Germany an opposition to France
whose harvest was not fully gathered
until two generations after Trafalgar
saw the German armies in the streets
of Paris.
No dispute like that which has fol
lowed the Adams address should be
withheld from the test of that chief pro
ducer of controversy confusion of
terms; and it affords the suggestion that
the difficulty with Mr. Adams and his
critics may after all be that they oc
cupy different premises as to the quali
fications for.statuehood. This was cer
tainly the trouble over the Frederick
offering from Emperor William. Some
thought its acceptance would register
an Indorsement of monarchy, and others
that we should merely acknowledge a
courtesy. Admit all that Mr. Adams'
critics say, they agree to his character
ization of Lee, and If they will only
concede that statues with National ap
proval may be raised to such a man as
he describes positively and such a man
as they 'delimit negatively, then all
ground of argument Is removed. Assur
edly no sjatue to Lee will ever give
him rank with Cromwell or Washing
ton, Lincoln or even Grant, but some
day a statue will doubtless register the
pride posterity feels In the memory not
only of Lee, but of half a dozen men
who fought on the Southern side. Time
will never make slavery adorable or se
cession right; but statues to men of
Lee's eminence and character will mul
tiply in manycitles, South and North,
If cot at public expense, with publlo
approval and to public edification. The
marble quarries will not be exhausted
until the level of our public men is no
ticeably raised.
A IARGE ASPECT OF LABOR COX
TBXTIOX. There is always this grave danger In
disputes between capital and labor like
those now vexing the local Industry of
Portland, namely, that through the
stubbornness or passion of one or both
sides to the quarrel the productive
power of the community may suffer
some permanent diminution. This must
certainly follow if In the settlement
which, first or last, ends every strike,
labor and capital do not reach some
ground of complete "and cheerful accord
from which as a basis they may go for
ward In cordial spirit. When, after a
period of mutual Irritation, one side or
the other through superiority of re
source, "wins out," there Is almost cer
tain to develop an arbitrary and
haughty temper on the one hand and
a sense of humiliation and Injury on
the other. Fires may be rekindled;
work may go on; but the co-operative
mood through which and through
Which only greatest results are
achieved, is lost. And with this loss
there Is unfailingly a decline in moral
force and ultimately. If not Immediate
ly, in Individual efficiency and in gen
eral economic power.
There is another form of loss, always
serious and often permanent and ruin
ous, when a settlement Is enforced In
the Interest of class selfishness. Every
man observant of industrial facts has
witnessed the decline of certain trades
because they have been carried on in
ways fatal to the interest or the char
acter of the workmen who operate them;
and everybody has seen the degradation
of those trades in which, through a
whimsical effect of the union principle
falsely applied, the productive capabil
ity of the least efficient has been estab
lished as the standard of duty. Eng
land has lost to Germany her old pre
eminence In the cutlery trades because
the Sheffield operatives were forced to
endure conditions fatal to their health
and skllL In some parts of the United
States the mason's trade, once of special
dignity and profit, is losing its character
under a rule which prevents workmen
of epeclal aptitude, splrl and skill from
.putting forth the full measure of their
working powers.
Contentions between employer and
employed long pursued and at last crys
tallized Into permanent class hatred
have brought British Industry to a po
sition where It can no longer meet the
world's competition. Both sides exhibit
unmistakable signs of moral deteriora
tion. The "master" as the phrase goes
there has lost his old generosity, his
old wiHIngness to venture his capital;
the "man" has lostihe quality of Intel-
llgent .and persistent Industry. The fine
combination of industrial forces which
first enabled England to beat Holland
in her own arts and finally to conquer
the commerce of the world no longer
exists and apparently cannot be re
stored. British capital will not cre
ate the costly modern plants neces
sary to maintain an all-round com
petition avith the United States
and Germany because it is afraid
of the labor element; and there Is rea
son In this timid policy, for In many
parts of England the men cannot be In
duced upon any consideration to work
the week through'. Mutual hatred has
supplanted the sense of mutual duty
and the spirit of good will upon which
the great fabric of British industry was
built up. The productive and economic
powers of the nation have declined, not
because their opportunity is less than
formerly, but as a consequence of the
moral decay and the economic waste of
a quarter-century of contention with Its
effects of business paralysis and class
lil-wlll.
The lesson of British experience ap
plies with as much force to one side of
our labor quarrels as to the- other. It
Is no part of our business to Judge be
tween employer and employed In the
matters over which they are now con
tending here at Portland, and most cer
tainly we shall not attempt It. But
we venture this " word ot counsel
and warning, namely, that long
quarrels make long and bitter enmities,
and that long and bitter enmities be
tween the forces of industry lead in
evitably to personal deterioration all
round and to the destruction of eco
nomic power.
GAB, AND OTHER EVIDENCE.
The only way In which the New Eng
land Anti-Imperialist League can be
satisfied as to the fitness of the Filipinos
for Independence is to have some of the
chiefs come over here and "Inform us
what they want, that we may Judge
whether they are fit for the high re
sponsibilities ot citizenship." This is
the utterance of Mr. Bourke Cockran
at Faneuil Hall Friday night, when a
petition to Congress embodying that re
quest was circulated and signed.
How fitting and altogether lovely It Is
that Mr. Cockran, especially, should pro
pose to Judge the Filipinos by some
words their orators might -utter upon
appearance here. Mr. Cockran Is an
orator himself, and doubtless has the
true oratorical faith in words. Many
minds survive, even In this day of pop
ular education, In which the beautiful
pictures that a glib talker paints of his
desires and purposes are legal tender
for the reward of service actually per
formed. The world may be roughly di
vided Into the posers and the perform
ers, and their numbers show that each
path leads to success. Men continue to
he taken very 'larsrelv at their owri
valuation. We give them their desires
in sheer admiration of their address and
effrontery.
Yet It may be pointed out that there
are other ways of ascertaining Filipino
capacity beside listening to harangues
from their great chiefs, even if the tes
timony of our soldiers and sailors and
judges, Dewey, Wheaton, Otis, Taft and
the rest, is to be cast aside as value
less. Our early colonists learned as
much when, after moving addresses,
subsequently disguised as "supposed
speeches," the" great chiefs sallied forth
to massacre and burn. Mr. Cochran's
Information Is really lying very near, sp
near and simple that we doubt If he will
sse It, or, seeing, apprehend. It is
this:
Manila, Juno 27. There Is no positive proof
that tho four American teachers of Cebu,
Island of Cebu, who have been missing since
June 10, when they started on a day's outing,
have .been killed, but there Is little doubt that
they were murdered, as members of the con j
stabulary. who killed a man for resisting ar
rest, found on his person a revolver, watch and
chain, which had belonged to Mr. Thomas, one
of the teachers referred to.
This 13 quite as pertinent to Mr. Cock
ran's Inquiry as any speeches the great
chiefs would deliver here, even though
prepared in Boston by Edward Atkin
son and Ervlng WInslow.
One of the most moving appeals
against our Philippine policy is the
course of Great Britain In enforcing her
sovereignty in South Africa. Though it
has nothing to do with the casev it
nevertheless Is a powerful contributor to
disaffection In this country. How much
would be left of antl-lmperlallsm, out
side the sentimental circles of Eastern
centers of light and leading, that is, of
darkness and scuttle. If "Down with
England and up with Ireland" could
be drawn out of it?
STRICTLY TEIXERIAN.
Nobody can tell what the people of
Colorado will think of Teller's speech
on Cuba, but at this distance it looks
as if the sacred beet-sugar cause had
been dealt by him a very damaging
blow. He says two things that have a
very ugly look. One Is that beet sugar
doesn't need the excessive protection Its
representatives are contending for, and
the other Is his assertion that they are
ready to accept the House bill with the
Morris amendment striking out the dif
ferential on the refined product. He
says:
"When you get ready to take 20 per cent of
duty off steel and Iron, I speak for my people
when I say we will arreo to a reducUon of
duty on sugar. "Wo can make all the sugar
necoseary for the United States in this country
if we aro given only equitable protection.
There is a reciprocity in protection that must
bo maintained, and that we are going to insist
on.
"Wo aro prepared to take the bill as it came
from the House, and we will take it now.
It is doubtful If there is an intellU
gent man, woman or child In the United
States, with even a slight acquaintance
with the Cuban negotiations and de
bate, who will believe these assertions.
The Oxnard people are too well known,
both in ambition and in methods, to
admit of the theory that If, they can
only secure equitable reduction on tariff
protection "now given iron and steel and
allied industries, they will gladly Join in
giving Justice to Cuba. It la also well
known that" the Morris amendment
struck Its most effective terror not in
the Havemeyer but hi the Oxnard camp.
It was the Oxnard Interest that made
the Senate safe against the House bill,
and, Senator Teller to the contrary not
withstanding, it Is the Oxnard interest
that still holds up Cuban relief of any
we have the man who wept over
the dastardly crime contemplated
against the people's money at St. Louis
in 18S6, who dwells In plaintive tones
in the Senate upon the tolling masses
and the man with the blistered hand
now standing up in the Senate to make
a dishonest bluff and a spurious plea
for tariff reform. Alas, that so young
and vigorous a state should be unable
to shake itself from the dominion of so
old and disreputable a demagogue!
The story of the captivity of Mira
Ellen 11.- Stone among Bulgarian brl-
gands, as told by herself In a series of .
articles in a popularmagazlne, Is botn
romantic and realistic. It is safe to say
that hundreds of thousands of mothers
will read with Intense and sympathetic
Interest the recital of the conditions and
circumstances under which the babe of
Mrs. Tsllka Miss Stone's companion ta
captivity came Into the world, and of
the trying Incidents that followed that
event. The bed of straw In a dark and
narrow cabin In the wild and rugged
mountains, upon which the young
mother lay, having spent ten hours pre
vious to the birth of her child In the
saddle; the old crone brought from
some unknown quarter to assist the
mother; the coarse swaddling clothes
In which the Infant was wrapped; the
lusty cries by which she proclaimed he
right to life and nourishment; the ten
der awo with which the brigands re
garded the infant, and the diligence
with which they sought to provide for
her needs; the Journey of the young
mother on the second day In a tfbx
strapped to the back of a horse over
steep mountain trails; the shifts and
makeshifts to which they were driven
during the seven weeks af captivity
that continued after the babe's birth,
to keep her clothing clean and dry and
her little body warm, are some of the
features of this story of motherhood and
Its care3 and anxieties under most un
toward conditions. Miss Stone Is her
self a heroine In this story, though
Mrs. Tsllka Is the heroine of this part
of It; and the recital of her part in the
events detailed will command for her
greater admiration than the history of
her endeavor covering a long period of
years as a theoretical missionary.
Manly men will instinctively honor and
womanly women love this brave woman
who, wholly Inexperienced but tenderly
sympathetic, ministered devotedly and
unselfishly to this sister woman in the
stress of maternity far from home and
friends and professional care.
Why it Is that the Democrats In Con
gress are so watchful of every opportu
nity to disport their Idiocy offers the
curious a perennial source of specula
tion. Congress is about to adjourn,
and, lest their other follies might pos
sibly escape attention, they hurrledjy
rush Into caucus and thrust upon the
waiting land a declaration which cul
minates in this arraignment:
That the Republican majority In Congress is
dominated and controlled by tho trusts and
monopolies, which have tho great industries of
our country In their grasp, is shown by its ac
tion la- passing an anti-trust bin through the
House of RepresentaUvcs of the GGth Congress
in the closing hours of tho session, and ttie
Senate refusing to consider the same, as a sub
terfuge to tide over the election ot 1000.
The only practical Way of strength
ening the hands- of the Government, to
deal with the trusts, as recognized by
Bryan as well as by constitutional law
yers, Is to amend the Constitution. A
bill to that end was offered by the Re
publicans in the House in 1900 and was
defeated by the Democrats. 134 to 131,
the necessary two-thirds being lacking.
Only five Democrats voted for the bill.
Has the Democratic caucus ever heard
of that?
t It is in accord no doubt with the rule
of politics, in practical operation, that
the events which carried Walter F.
Matthews to the head of the party or
ganization in Oregon should carry him
also Into one of the Important Federal
offices. He Is a competent man for the
position of United States Marshal, and
may be expected- to perform Its duties
with Intelligence and fidelity. There
are vicissitudes of fortune In politics,
and not every man gets his innings,
but Matthews this time Is fortunate.
As In the case of every person who ha3
taken active part In the organization
and management of party politics and
campaigns, he has had his opponents,'
critics and enemies, in his own party
as well as In the other. These things
are matter of course. But Matthews
will drop out of the active work of poli
tics now, and he will be found -a
straightforward and capable official.
Rural mall delivery Is growing In fa
vor with the citizens of Oregon; the
postal authorities promptly respond to
requests for Its extension In suitable lo
calities, and such localities are being
constantly discovered. What with sub
urban electric-car service, rural mall
delivery and bicycle paths, wide sec
tions of the country have In recent
years been brought Into touch with the
city, and rural neighborhoods with each
other. If the drift of rural population
toward the cities Is not checked 'oy this
means, political economists and "Sociolo
gists will have to look anew" for the
cause of .this drift, since clearly It can
not be the result of- isolation and its
deprivations. The "human touch"
through these channels cannot be oth
erwise than helpful and Inspiring.
The Carnegie Steel Company has vol
untarily Increased by 10 per -cent the
wages paid to nearly 15,000 unskilled
laborers In Its service. An event of this
kind In the labor" world attracts very
little comment beyond the merest men
tion. A reduction of 10 per cent In any
Instance, en the contrary, Is heralded
far and wide, met by a strike, and per
haps followed by a boycott. We all
know something of the tendency of hu
man nature to remain silent In the pres
ence of generous deeds and to speak out
In loud condemnation of those that are
even seemingly ungenerous. If proof of
this tendency were wanting, this cita
tion would furnish It.
The Portland baseball team Is putting
up a" good fight, both with voice and
muscle. That it has failed for some
time to win a game Is not due to an
abatement either In skill or effort. It
has simply played In hard luck.
The steamer Portland Is frozen in the
Arctic Sea and drifting on Its way
north. x If it has the pluck to which it is
entitled by its name, it will discover the
North Pole. Which Is fitting. -
From the Depths.
From the depths, the deepest sea-depths ring
in?. Sound the bells of evening, faint, and low;
On their chimea the wonder-tiding bringing
Of the mystic city there below.
Sunken far beyond the flood-tide dashing
There the ruins of the city sleep.
Golden gllnipoes of Its towers flashing
From the mirrored surface of the deep.
And the sailor who has seen that vision
In the dying daylight' golden glow
Steers forever toward that post Elyslan.
Heedless of the threatening rocks below.
From tho depths, the deepest heart -depths ring
ing. Sound those bell notes far and faint and low;
On thIr chimes tho wonder-tidings bringing
Of the love that crumbled long ego.
Sunken deep below tho flood-tide dashing.
There the ruins of a love-world sleep;
Golden glimpses of its Eden flashing
From the mirror ot my dreams no deep.
Then my weary self in ocean flinging.
Fain -I'd plunge bsneath that mirrored sheen;
In my fancy, angel voices elnglng.
Call me to that far-off wonder-scene.
TVlIhelm Muller.
THINGS LOCAL AND OTHERWISE.
Cleveland, Hill and Bryan each "spoke
a piece" recently, and thereby furnished
a theme for discussion. One paper refers
to the "hypnotic spell of Bryan's impas
sioned and foolish speech at Chicago In
1SS6." The verdict of tho country Is that
this speech won him the nomination for
President, but there are a few facts in
connection with his personal victory that
may be worth setting down six years
after their occurrence. On that eventful
day, July 9, the Democratic National Con
tion by a vote of more than two to one.
defeated the platform presented by gold
Democrats, killed the resolution Indorsing
Cleveland's " administration, and adopted
the free-silver platform. Early in tho
session there had been a demonstration
for David B. Hill, which, according to
the press reports, lasted IS minutes. A
"demonstration" Is an exhibit of lung
power of tho same mental and spiritual
quality that we see at a baseball match,"
when Swlpcsey, of the home team, in the
last half of the ninth Inning, with two
men onxbases, Uft3 a ball over the center-
field fence and brings in the three runs
needed to win the game; only in a Na
tional convention they have features , of
flags, state banners and mottoes manu
factured on muslin In a paint-shop the
day before In anticipation of the great
spontaneous outburst. Also, they have
the marching of delegates down the aisles
with fai less decorum than the Salva
tion Army observes. Influences far re
moved from reason often sway the minds
of men assembled In large numbers for a
lofty purpose.
After tho demonstration by the. Gold
Democrats, the free-silver delegates, who
were largely In the majority, and had
the sympathy of most of the 20,009 spec
tators, waited their opportunity to outdo
tho Hill men In the expenditure of lung
power and pedestrlanism. The natural
place for It was after the address of
Bryan. Ha was listened to with great
Interest, cheers greeted him frequently,
and when he" concluded with tho famous
phrase, "You shall not press down
upon the brow ot labor this crown of
thorns. Tou shall not crucify mankind
upon a cross of gold," there was a gen
erous outburst of enthusiastic applause.
This died down as Bryan took his seat
and sllenco followed. Then began the
wild free-silver demonstration. Com
pared with It. the Hill demonstration a
few hours before was a Quaker prayer
meeting. It would havo taken place In
-any event, and was not consequent upon
Bryan's speech. The Idea that his or
atory aroused the convention to 30 min
utes of Irrational, continuous ebullition 13
not based on fact.
A correspondent asks: "What is the
meaning of 'yellow in Journalism?" To
answer in one sentence,. It means doing
nearly everything that is not and neglect
ing everything that Is legitimate journal
Ism. Perhaps the chief fault of the "yel
low" newspaper is palming oft highly col
ored fiction for fact. Exaggerating com
monplace occurrences," manufacturing sen
sational stories out of the most slender
material, garbling news so as to make it
more salable on the streets, exploiting
crimes In which women are involved,
malting heroes out of prizefighters, in
vading homos and opening graves in
search of food for a cortain type of un
regulated mind, and violating every rule
of ethics, are chargeable to the "yejlow"
newspaper. Ithas no conscience, and
docs not see things in their right propor
tion. It affects contempt for the rich and
devotes unlimited space to a record of
their minutest doings; theirs and their
man-servants' and maid-servants'. It
takes a low view of life, and has no seri
ous purpose. If a rich man happen to be
proprietor, it is a3 likely to make lavish
expenditure of money for low-down serv
ice as for creditable undertakings.
To Illustrate: A New Tork "yollow"
paper engaged ex-Senator Ingalls, of
Kansas, to write up the prizefight be
tween Corbctt and FItzsiramons, and
plumed itself more over this "enter
prise" than over sending Richard Hard
ing Davis to Cubaas war correspondent.
It gave more prominence to a signed
article by a pugilist on how It feels to
be knocked out than to a sermon by Ly
man Abbott. Within three months, one
San Francisco paper gave up more spaco
fcr several days to the murder of an .ob
scure woman than to all other news. If
Mrs, George Gould's coachman wire to
elopo with her nurse-girl, tho "yellow"
Journals of New York would likely give
it the entire first page, with copious Il
lustrations of the "contracting parties,"
the. entire Gould family, the team which
tho groom drove regularly, tho cradle in
which the eloping nurse rocked her
charge, its cloak and cap, and the room
In which it slept. And most ot the pic
tures would necessarily be "faked," but
this would not detract from tho paper's
"enterprise." A San Francisco gentle
man, who visited Portland recently, and
was discussing the newspapers of that
city with a party of friends at the din-nor-table,
made this remarkable, state
ment: "Whenover I read in any of our
papers a story reflecting on the Integrity
of a reputable citizen (and I have to read
them often), I make up my mind at once
that it Is not true. It has come to thl3
pass: Publication of sensational stories
by the San Francisco press stamps them
a3 false."
A shameless piece of work was an In
terview by the .representative fif a New
York paper with tho Queen of Spain,
about two years ago. Beginning under
false pretenses -with a bishop, he secured
a letter to the pope, and through him an
audienco with tho unhappy Queen, who
spoke from her sore heart. "Only inter
view ever given to a newspaper by the
Queen of Spain obtained by the Blower,"
were tho headlines, and the correspondent
unblushlngly told, and the paper pub
lished the whole story of the fraud he
practiced to get the audienco. and con
fessed thattho poor woman implicitly be
lieved she was speaking confidentially
to a sympathetic friend.
Occasionally these "yellow" newspa
pers set out to get genuine news and suc
ceed. Some of them have been tho Initi
ative agency in securing reform of local
abuses. The pity of it Is that they do not
exert their energies In the wholesome di
rection all the time, instead of devoting
them towhat at best Is merely sensation
al. But there aro only a few "yellow"
newspapcra after all; less than a score
which havo a large number of readers.
Boston has only one and Chicago one,
while Philadelphia, Baltimore. St. Louis
and tho other cities of the Mississippi
"Valley are free from them. It is believed
by genuine .newspaper men that "yollow1
journals have seen their most prosperous
days. Ii.
Heartsease.
Walter Savage Lander.
There Is a flower I wish to Wear,
But not until first worn by you
Keartseas of all earth's flowers most rare;
3rlng it; and bring enough for" two.
SLINGS AND ARROWS.
The Trust.
See the kind, benignant- trust. ,
Butcher trust.
Admit Its right to proflt ev'ry cold outsider
must.
See the prices, rising, rising, higher, higher,
ev'ry day.
Till it would not be surprising
To see fathers fond advising
That their progeny eat hay.
Whilo the trust, trust, trust.
In a manner wise and Just.
Pulls inch by inch upon Its cinch
And gathers in the dust.
For the trust, trust, trust, trust, trust, trust,
trust.
For the hooted, persecuted butcher trust.
See the suffering and ansulsh of the trust.
Fuel trust.
How the President's activity consumes it with
disgust.
"Why should anybody worry if It sells a ton of
coal
For the figure that the av'rage mortal 3eu
upon his soul?
How it spouts and fumes and rages,
At the thought of paying wages
That will cut into its roir.
Oh. the trust, trust, trust.
It is talked about, and cussed
And the public' will not yield to it their last
remaining crust.
To tho trust, trust, trust, trust, trust, trust,
trust.
To tho groaning and the moaning fuel trust.
See the labors and the struggles of the trust.
Railroad trust.
How the cold and heartless Government its
merger seeks to bust.
See Its pennUess attorneys prowl the precincts
of the court.
"With affright in their demeanor, asking- Justice
of some sort.
See the presidents and managers, cast down
and sorrowful.
Try to sidetrack the Injunctions with their Una
athletic pull.
Ah, the trust, trust, trust.
All Its rolling stock will rust.
And the Sheriffs get the tariffs and the coaches
coat-with dust.
If tho cruel courts persist in this unjust at
tempt to make
Ev'ry railroad give Its shippers,, one and all, an
even break;
If the fare, fare, fare.
Is to be upon the square.
Go to work with pick shovel ev'ry poor official
must
Of the trust, trust, trust, trust, trust, trust.
trust.
Of the busted and disgusted railroad trust.
What Adam Was Doing-.
It wa3 midnight. Suddenly, in the Adam
residence there was a cry, then a series
of howls, and one of the neighbors, pass
ing by, heard the head of the house use
language that was calculated to loose
tho thunderbolts of Heaven on the whole
neighborhood. She stopped, ran up to tho
door, and, pres3tng the button, listened
eagerly at the speaking tube. "What in
the world Is your husband doing?" she
asked, as the dulcet voice of Eve inquired
her errand.
"Oh," replied Eve, "he Is merely rais
ing Cain. "It requires strong language
to raise a child like that."
And thus an expression was coined
which promises to outlast history itself.
Two Letters.
To Gr-v-r Cl-v-1-nd:
Betrayer of your party, with alarm
Your self-assumed dictatorship I view.
The cross ot gold for you has subtle charm;
'Twill wreck the cause to mako a boss of you.
When I consider of tha things you've done,
I feel compelled to beard you in your lair,
I see you gloating o'er slxteen-to-one.
And warn my well-loved party to beware.
VT. J. B,
Lincoln. Neb., June 22.
To V.r. J. B.r
Vacuous prattler, fatuous tool,
Loquacious vender of trito metaphor.
Dull sophist of a long-exploded school.
Unsound logician, irritating bore.
Mendacious meddler, voluble mistake.
Cheap sciolist, embalmed garrulity,
Think not with blatant blethering to maka
A quadramanus (look It up) of me. G. X
Buzzard's Bay, June 25.
Anent the Glorious Fourth.
NEW YORK, June 23. Thomas A. Edi
son refuses to talk about his latest in
vention, but it Is understood that ho has
nearly perfected a bomb which has a
capacity of 12 14-year-old boys and 24 7-year-old
girls, or If preferred will reduce
four men to ashes in one explosion. Every
city which has heard of the Invention 13
striving to get it for their Fourth of July
celebration.
PEKIN June 28. Burn Hi, the eminent
doctor of' science, has perfected a rocket
which on test elevated 84 coolies to a
height of 2000 feet. When they landed
they evidently felt fine, as they covered
three cantons. Dr. HI says that here
after no American inventor can claim that
he has outdone Chinese fireworks In de
structlveness. WASHINGTON, June 28. It to reported
that General Frederick Funston has been
reprimanded for stating in an after-dinner
speech that the suppression of tho
Filipino rebellion cost more lives than the
small boys of the country lose annually
to the Fourth of July festivities. Such an
exaggerated statement, it Is felt, will do
much toward making the public believo
that war corresponds to General Sher
man's definition of it.
BOSTON, Juno 28. Dr. Nort E. Charles
ton has suggested that It would be econ
omy to move all the youth of the coun
try to Martinique for the Fourth of Juli
as the gases from tho mountain effect
a painless death, while the noise and tho
display are almost equal to that of tha
average celebration. Dr. Charleston also
points out that lingering deaths from
lockjaw only run up doctors' bills, and
says that this method would-be far more
humane, and just as efficacious.
HADES, June 28. King Herod remarked
this afternoon that if ho had known about
the Fourth of July he would have de
ferred his historic massacre till some tlmt
after the Declaration of Independence.
A Prisoner.
If I could only talk, I guess
I'd make my cruel mother fear
The things I'd do to her. unless
She comes and lets me out ot here.
They've built a gate that's two feet high
Across tha porch to keep me in.
And It does, too, for all that I
Can get above it is my chin.
And when I come .out every day,
Mj mother comes along, and brings
My blocks and toys, and says: "Now play
Here, baby, with your pretty things."
And Just a3 soon as she is gone.
Thona little boys across the street
Came out and run around their lawn.
With railroad cars, and things to eat.
And lots of dogs come running past.
So If I Just could get away -I'd"
follow after very fast.
And. catch one for my own, soma day.
But I must stand here with my face
Pressed bard against these dreadful bars.
And see those lucky children race
Along- tho sidewalk with their cars.
I see all sorts of things I need
The flower pot and garden hose;
I know I could be good Indeed
If I could get my hands on thoso.
With all my strength I pound and shake
The gate, but it won't move a bit.
It's Just so mean it will not break.
And I cannot climb over it.
Some day I'll be a great biff man. ,
And then that gate won't be too strong.
And I'll be happy, for I can
Have things I've needed for so long.
And when I've had a good long play,
I'll go and get some other men.
And we'll go off somewhere and stay
Until It's supper time again.
, J. J. MOXTAGOT6.