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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 10, 1901)
s-m.i IJ "TJiR ?r:lj " "?,' r iirw'i ?"- WW'W"" ?"" "? .;?"ffc-"1jy?' rt'- ""vv vr J - $" : THE SUNDAY OKEGONIAtf, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 10, 1901. . . tt? rsomcm. Entered at the Postofflce at Portland, Oregon, as second-class matter. ' HBViSBD SUBSCRIPTION HATES. By Mall (postage prepaid). In Advance Dally, with Sunday, per month $ S5 Dally, Sunday excepted, per year 7 GO Dally, with Sunday, per year 0 00 Sunday, per year .-... 2 00 The Weekly, per year 1 M The Weekly, 2 raoatha.... ,.... GO To City Subscribers Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays exceptea.l5o Dally, per week, delivered. Sundays includedJUOc POSTAGE RATES. Halted States Canada and Mexico: 10 to U-page paper ..lc lt to 2S-pge paper 2c Foreign rates double. News or discussion Intended for publication In The Oregonlan should be addressed Invaria bly "Editor The Oregonlan," not to the name of any Individual. Letters relating- to ader tlstag, subscription or to any business matter should be addressed elmply "The Oregonlan." Eastern Business Office. 43. it, 45. 47. 4S, 40 Tribune building. New York City; 400 Tho Rookery," Chicago; the S. Q. Beckwltb special agency, EastPrn representative. For sale In .San Francisco by L. E. Lee, Pal ace Hotel news stand; Goldsmith Bros., 230 Sutter street; F. IV. Pitts, 1008 Market street; Z. K. Cooper Co., 70 Market' street, near the Palace Hotel; Foster & Orear, Ferry news stand. For &ale In Los Angeles b7 B. F. Gardner, 358 So. Spring street, and Oliver & Haines, 100 So. Spring street. For sale In Chicago by the P. O. News Co, 137 Dearborn street. For sale In Omaha by Barkalow Bros., 1612 Farnam street. For sale in Salt Lake by the Salt Lake News Co.. -77 W. Second South rrtreet. For sale In Ogden by W. C. Kind. 204 Twenty-fifth street, and by C. H. Myers. On file in the Oregon exhibit at the exposi tion, Charleston, S. C. For sale In Washington, D. a, by the Ebbett House news stand. For sale In Denver, Colo, by Hamilton & Kendrtck. 900-012 Seventh street. TODAT'S WEATHER-Cloudy and threaten ing, with probably oocasional rain. Continued cool neatBor. Variable winds, mostly north erly. YESTERDAY'S WEATHER Maximum tem perature, 45; minimum temperature, 37; pro olpltatton, .06 inch. PORTLAND, STJXDAY, NOVEMBER. 10. XO EASY PROBLEM. It is dawning on the consciousness of the country that It will not be so easy to adopt any system of reciprocity. It must be a selective method; but what commodities are to be selected? With what products, or classes of prod ucts, in our country, are foreign com modities to be admitted in free com petition? The Boston Herald makes a useful contribution to this discussion by remarking- that, as matter of fact, the non-competitive 'products that we im port are already on the free list, with possibly one or two exceptions, as for example, tea; so that there Is really nothing that we can offer in exchange ' to foreign negotiators except an amend ment of duty rates that we have really outgrown, even on the theory of do mestic protection. Nobody supposes that any person or corporation that is a beneficiary of pro tective duties will allow that the time has come when abatement of the rates might be made. Tet the United States Steel Corporation has proved in an un answerable manner, by the large ex ports that it has made of its various products, that it can manufacture these at a cost greatly below that of its for eign rivals. But as it proposes by com bination to keep up the prices In the home market, while selling abroad at much lower prices, its managers con sider the protective tariff as essential to its profitable existence. This Is only one of a large number of illustrations that could be given of where the duties, oh the old-fashioned assumption of pro tection, have become needless, and yet are clung to with just as much persist ency as they were years ago, when the conditions were entirely different. And in regard to wool. Is it probable that our woolgrowers will consent to a reciprocity agreement which would let in Argentine wool, on condition that Argentina should let in free of duty certain classes of our goods in return? Or that our fruitgrowers willingly would sacrifice prunes, raisins, etc., upon the altar of reciprocity? Talk Is easy; but it will riot be possi ble to do much with reciprocity and yet adhere to the policy-of protection. Nevertheless, everything presses for freer trade, since we must 'have out side markets. DOROTHEA DIX. On the 24th ult, a fair was held in Harmony Hall, Hampden, Me., under the auspices of he Dorothea Dix Me morial Association, for the benefit of a fund that is intended fitly to commem orate the birth of a woman who is as illustrious in the annals of prison reform, in this country as Elizabeth Gurney In those of Great Britain. When Miss Dix first memorialized the Legislature of Massachusetts in the interest of prison reform, insane persons were confined in cages, closets, cellars, stalls, -pens; chained, naked, beaten with rods and lashed into obedience; were scantily clothed and horribly emaciated; were exposed to the jeers and vulgar jokes of all who cared to indulge in so vile a form of amusement. In the alms houses were found many of the worst possible cases of indescribable moral degradation as well as of awful physi cal suffering. This was the terrible in dictment presented against the author ities In the shape of Miss DIx's memor ial of 1841. Horace Mann was one of the first to lend her influential support, and Massachusetts obliterated the worst of the abuses described by Miss Dix. Then this woman went from state to state, urging the Legislatures to enact reform. In this -work she spent nine years traveling, East and West, South and North, over this vast country. She went to Europe, visited all the hospitals of the Continent In Rome she visited Pope Pius IX, who at her suggestion remedied existing evils in that city. Miss Dix kneeled down and kissed his hand in gratitude, and told her ultra Protestant friends that she did it be cause she "revered him sincerely for his salntilnesa," Then came the Civil War, and hor magnificent services to her country in the capacity of an Army nurse. Then some years of quiet work, then a long, lingering illness, and then her dath. Miss Dix was directly in strumental In raising no less than $3,000,000 for humane purposes. Thirty two great asylums she founded or caused to be enlarged. A vast number of prisons and almshouses she caused to be reconstructed. She has been fairly described as "the most useful and dis tinguished woman" America has yet produced." When she began her work Miss Dix had inherited a competency sufficient to enable her to live comfortably, and in a leisurely fashion, and it was her in tention to enjoy n. quiet life, devoting, herself to literature and study and so- ciaj intercourse. t She happened to hear, of the h&rrible treatment to which pris oners and lunatics in East Cambridge, Mass., were subjected. She visited the jail, verified by personal inspection the truth of the reported inhumanity, and from that hour gave all "her time, her money, her health and strength, to the cause of reformed prisons and care of the insane. No wonder Piux IX recog nized fa this woman a Protestant St. Theresa. As late as 1815-16, in Bethle hem Hospital for the Insane, in Lon don, the windows of the patients' bed rooms were not glazed, nor .were the rooms warmed, and twenty-five years later this was the condition of things in Boston. Elizabeth Gurney reformed these abuses In England, and Dorothea Dix did the same work for America. " Every one who knows Rev. Dr. Ar thur J. Brown's honest heart and can did spirit will be glad to find the illus trated article on China which he con tributes tp the current issue of The Great Round World (150 Fifth avenue, N. Y.). It is something over six months since Dr. and Mrs. Brown passed through Portland on their way to Asia, and this magazine article shows the re sults of his investigations there. Dr. Brown Is an observant man and a thorough Christian, and he Is far too sincere to misrepresent the actual ap pearance made to his view by what he sees. Therefore, when he explains the sources of the anti-foreign senti ment In China, we should be inclined to accept his views as correct, everr if theydid not, as thy do, carry Inherent evidence of their truth. Wfe are accustomed to look upon the Chinese as inferior beings, constituting some remote and strange order of life wholly different from ourselves. But from reading Dr. Brown's article it ap pears that .if we would know the secret springs of anti-foreign prejudice in China we have but to explore the sources of anti-foreign prejudice in the United States. We hate the Chinese because we think they take our jobs away from us. The Chinese hate us because they think we take their jobs away from them. If there is any dif ference in credulity, it is in favor of the Chinese, for while we cannot get white men and women to do the menial work we put the coolies at, and while Chi nese supplanters of American printers and mechanics are very few, the Chi nese know beyond question or cavil that while millions of their people live by carrying merchandise In baskets or trundling It in barrows at 5 cents a day, a single railroad train will do the work of a thousand coolies, and thus deprive them of their means of support. Dr. Brown reminds us that In this land of lofty mental and moral attain ment, mob violence has attended the introduction of labor-saving machinery, and he might also have Instanced our persecutions not only of Irish and Ital ians, but even of the Chinese, from whom we will have gentleness and tol erance even if we have to compel them at the cannon's mouth. But he con tents himself with pointing out in stances there that parallel our own in dustrial Uprisings. Myriads of farmers, for example, grew the beans and pea nuts out of which illuminating oil was made. But since American kerosene was introduced in 1864 Its use has be come welt nigh universal, and the fam ilies that depended upon the bean-oil and peanut-oil market are starving. So with cotton clothing, of general wear In China". They used to make it for themselves, but now Americans sell it there cheaper than the Chinese can possibly make it Dr. Brown also explains the shock the white man has borne to Chinese superstition. They do not believe there that departed men and women of saint ly lives come back to earth to knock on greasy tables of dowdy mediums; they do not dread to take ship on Fri day because legend points to some an cient crucifixion on that day. They do not tremble at passing under a ladder or fancy that devils have entered into possession of certain coins and liqulda Tet they have superstitions of equal impressiveness. They revere the graves of their ancestors a trait not repre henslbly exaggerated in this country, and no pains are too great to be borne In the effort to please the good spirits of the sky beings that are noUso slav ishly Venerated by the enlightened American. Consequently, when a rail road is run through 3000 graves or so and the bones of the departed are hustled hither and thither by profane section-hands, the Chinese object. They do not fall in so complacently with this species of progress as we should do in this country. No Portland pioneer would murmur if the City &. Suburban were to plow across the center of Lone Fir and St. Mary's. No San Franciscan remonstrated to the City Council or wrote impassioned letters to the news papers when it was proposed to extend Sutter street through Laurel Hill. These comparisons are ours not Dr. Brown's, who confines himself to a simple record of facts, and no reader who dislikes them should, blame him for them. The gist of Dr. Brown's con clusions is contained! in this para graph: It Is the foreign Idea that the Chinese dis likes the Interference with his cherished cus toms and traditions. A railroad alarms and angers him more than half a hundred mission aries; a plowshare cuts through mora of his superstitions than a mission school. Ho does not want the implements of our Western, civ ilization, and he resents the attempt to push thom upon him whether be will or no. All of which may easily be confirmed from Introspection. What is it we hate in our Chinese immigrants? Is It the danger of his converting a few women and children to Confucius? Does it, In fact, arise from any considerations moral, religious or intellectual? The suggestion is one which our Chambers of Commerce and labor federations would doubtless repel with scorn. Chi nese or American, Frank or German, what we are afraid pt Is that the for eign devil will make some money. In this respect we have advanced immeas urably In civilization beyond the posi tion of the naked American savage, who traded freely with the paleface and turned against him only when danger appeared of seeing the land of his fore fathers wrested from his possession and himself driven an- outcast from the land. There is a revival of the campaign for the abolition of capital punishment in England. Mr. Mark Drayton, in the Westminster Review, recently said that In Great Britain only 25 per cent of trials for capital punishment result in conviction, and that nearly half the death sentences In these Instances are commuted. Of the hundreds of women in Great Britain who were arrested in the last century for having destroyed their illegitimate children, only three suffered the extreme penalty of the law. This last 'statement is- not surprising; for public sympathy is always easily Urei. in the case of a woman who abandons or destroys a chifd born out of wedlock. The woman is betrayed by a man, who leaves her to carry alone a cross that he, too, ought to bear, and" she is sure of very harsh treatment a.$ the hands of many inhuman persons when It Is known that she Is a mother but not a wife- This natural sympathy for the mother tried for destroying her 'illegitimate-child Is set forth 'with mem orable eloquence'and power by George Eliot in her novel of "Adam Bede."" ANARCHISTS OP THE ROAD. It Is cause for general rejoicing that the so-called man, Rose, who was wounded by a trainman, seems to be recovering from his wounds. Death is rather too severe a penalty for his of fense. It Is unfortunate that some more fitting reward could not have been visited upon him by the trainmen in default of proper statutory provisions for such cases, and doubly unfortunate that no such law exists. Most of these Insolent thieves of rail way transportation are anarchists at heart ffhe species hobo never shows fight. He knows he hag no right on the train, and he gets out when ordered He Is about as well off in one place aa another, and, like the Chinese, who ab hor rapid transit, he is not in a hurry. The hobo is not a thief or a potential murderer. Perhaps he is too lazy or too cowardly, perhaps the Incentive to enterprise Is not sufficient At any rate, he is guiltless of the moral ob liquity of the Rose type of traveler. The dapgerous tramp has money In his pocket to pay his fare, but he won't pay. He prefers to steal. He is going somewhere tor work and a home, and he doesn't want to break Into his cap ital. He wouldn't have the moral cour age to take his life in his haifd and hold up a train or present a revolver to the head of the belated pedestrian, or to brave burglar-alarms and rest less sleepers to rob houses at dead of night. These fellows are anarchists at heart, and the worst sort of anarchists, be cause they defy law, take what does not belong to them, and frequently mur der, not for any public good, but for their Individual comfort arM gain. Every man who is able to pay his fare but tries to beat his way on a train should be severely punished. If he hasn't his fare, he should stay at home till he has earned it like an hon est man. FRENCH RELIGIOUS ORDERS. The hew religious orders law of France compels the religious establish ments hereafter to lay before the g6v ernment the details of their Internal economy and act hereafter in subordi nation to the bishop of their diocese, un der pain of dissolution. Out, of a total of 15,648 religious establishments, 5141 have applied for authorization. Among the applicants for authorization are 1045 establishments of the Sisters of St Vincent de Paul, and 1352 other female establishments which carry on works of humanity and beneficence. Among the 11,327 religious establish ments which expect to be dissolved through their refusal to obey the law are the Jesuits, the Passionlsts and the Assumptionlsts, who have always been hostile to the republic and anxious to see it supplanted by a reactionist form of government. The French Jesuit3 object chiefly to the new law because it subordinates their order to bishops they object to." They claim that they are subject directly to the pope, and not to any bishop. The same objection to episcopal con trol has led the French Benedictines, the Cistercians, the Carmelites, and the Dominicans to follow the example of the Jesuits and decline to obey the associa tions law. These orders interpret the letter of the pope of June 29 last as reprobating the new law as contrary to the absolute right of the church to found religious Institutions exclusively subject to its authority. Some of thes French ecclesiastics, who have pre ferred dissolution of their establish ments to subordination to French bish ops, will go to England. The Domini can nuns will go to Great Britala The Carmelite monks and nuns will go to Belgium, and other French nuns have gone to Spain. The government will at once prosecute all communities that have not applied for authorization and have not dispersed, and liquidators have been appointed for those which have dispersed. This exodus means the departure from France of a very large number of teachers of the French youth, but the irreconcilable political attitude of the Jesuits has deprived them of much sympathy on pari of the French bish ops and secular clergy for while these bishops and clergy have not expressed approval of th'e new law, they have taken little 'or no part in protesting against it CANADA'S SPLENDID ISOLATION. One of the brightest and most thoughtful members of the Canadian Parliament Is Mr. John Charlton, and in a speech he recently . delivered at Victoria he talked of the disappoint ment felt by Canadians In the flight Increase in the population of Canada, as expressed in the latest census re turns, and took a gloomy view gener ally of several phases of life in the Do minion. Speaking of the drain of pop ulation, Mr. Charlton said: The drain of the choicest of our population to tho United States stltl continues. Thoro is a lack of diversity of employment and of induce ment to remain in Canada. This condition of things must be faced, and unless the United, States will consent to reasonable concessions and tho adoption of a trade policy that will meet our own. some other course will hv to -bo taken. It is more important for Canadians to develop our own manufacturing Industries, and add tho number of operatives that now manufacture goods for us In the United States to our Canadian population. ... it may be assumed confidently that there Is no annex ation sentiment in Canada, at tho present time. Our form of government Is excellent It Is a better form cf government, all things consid ered, than the tone enjoyed by the people of the United States. For a policy of isolation, these are brave words. Yet the sentiment Is growing over the 3.050.000 sauare miles .of the present" territorial area of Can ada, exclusive of water surface, that the time has come to determine that Canada is th be held for Canadians. The great .majority of the people do not desire annexation to the United States they Tather look forward in the dim and distant future to independence as a separate nation. The Conserva tives in Canada hold that their coun try is part of the Great British Empire, and In glowing language they thriU over the prospect some day of representa tives from Canada, Australia, New Zea land, Cape Colony and Natal seated in the Parliament of the British race at London, England. Blood will tell. Wh.en the- Boers de clared, war against Great Britain and the future of the British Empire seemed to tremble in the dark days that succeeded, a warwhoop burst over Canada and there was no difficulty in sending three contingents to serve the Queen, in South: Africa. The only pro tests against'isendlng troops amejtpm obscure quarters in Quebec from Israel Tarte and others. J3ut .those who have traveled extensively in Canada know that the Canadians are forCanada first, for Great Britain second, and for the United Sta'fes" third. Annexation to this country only exists among extremists in the Canadian Liberal party. Suppose Canada las only a popula tion of 5.400.000. as her recent census returns state, only' an increase of about oud.uuu over the, figures for the year 1891. Canadians are a hardy race, and can be trusted to defend their frontier. Armed with Mauser rifles, or 'Improved Lee-Enfields, and using smokeless pow der, they could defend Canada better against a foe than the Boers have de fended the Transvaal. no eccentricities peculiar to 'genius ' Paul Elmore More, in his essay on "The Solitude of Hawthorne," In the current Atlantic, says that there "never lived a man to whom ordinary contact with his fellows was more Impossible, and that the mysterious solitude in which his fictitious characters move is a mere shadow of his own imperial loneliness of soul." -A great deal has been written of Hawthorne as an In tensely shy man, who, because of his peculiar introspective genius, must be classed, as a soul that dwelt apart. It would be difficult, In our Judgment, Jo establish as a fact that Hawthorne was a peculiarly shy man, averse to contact with his fellows, in any larger or differ ent sense than hundreds of well-bred, thoughtful men without a particle of literary genius could be described as reserved in manners and conversation. Hawthorne was a genial, popular fellow among his college mates; he was a man of spirit, for he went clear to Wash ington once, prepared to fight a duel concerning a woman friend's quarrel. His most intimate friends in life were his classmates, President Franklin Pierce and Paymaster Bridge, of the Navy. Pierce was a brilliant, well-bred, amiable man of the world, a famous jury lawyer and. an. accomplished poli tician. Bridge was also a man of the world, a shrewd man of business, whose words of cheer, sound practical advice and pecuniary generosity helped Haw thorne tide over his days of poorly re quited toil for bread, which did not end until at 45 years of age "The Scarlet Letter" established his fame on a solid basis. As customs officer at Salem and Marblehead, Hawthorne would spend houre in one of the warehouses drink ing claret and talking with -old deep water sea captains who had known his seafaring grandfather. Hawthorne once excited the admira tion of these old sailors by promptly knocking down with his fist a big steve dore who ventured to insult him. When Hawthorne visited Boston he always "loafed and Invited his soul" with his friends among the officials of the Custom-House, and it is recorded that on these occasions his favorite tipple was hot gin and sugar. When Hawthorne lived In a small town In the Berkshire Hills he was a frequent visitor at the village tavern, and cultivated the ac quaintance 'of several of the unspoiled "Terence Mulvaney" type of visitors to this hostelry. In the famous preface to "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne's story of removal from office is written with the swing and vigor of an every day resentful man of the world, and his sarcastic, .contemptuous references In his letters to Margaret Fuller reveal him as quite as human in his likes, and dislikes as the rest of the world. When Hawthorne was in London he "visited a public institution for the support and care of pauper infant children. A poor, wretched child, whose face was repul sive with disease, eagerly stretched out Its hands to Hawthorne. Touched by the mute appeal of the poor chrfd,. Haw thorne Impulsively stopped, bent down and kissed the child. No shy man would have- done that in public to a repulsive paurer child. Hawthorne was married, his home life was delightful, and Rebecca Hardingv Davis, who vis ited him when she was a girl, did not find him a shy man except on such occasifcns, when all busy and thought ful men are forced to be shy In order to escape, being intolerably bored. Emerson naturally thought Haw thorne shy because Hawthorne was not among humble thought-seekers at his shrine. Hawthorne stood far above Emerson, measured by the extraordi nary power, beauty and originality of his work, and the sweet self-complacency of Emerson's oracular utterances were probably tedious to Hawthorne; when they were true they were hot new to him, and when they were new they did not always- seem true. Emerson was useful as" an Interpreter and Hlu mlnatorof the humane conduct of life, but a man of Hawthorne's quality was fitter to be Emerson's teacher than his pupil. Hawthorne did not enjoy Thor eau's company, probably because Thor eau was really what Hawthorne was not, a morbid lover" of solitude. The habits of bugs, birds, plants and fishes were more Interesting to Thoreau. than the study of mankind. Hawthprne probably agreed withWhittier in hold ing Thoreau in good-humored contempt as an eremite who had written a book to demonstrate that a man could live like a woodchuck. Hawthorne was ut terly without vanity or conceit; there was no taint of either- a crank or a charlatan in him, and he- could not tolerate nine-tenths of the so-called cul ture he encountered in New England In his day, because it stood for either crankdom or charlatanism wearing the robes of moral, political or religious re form. He was for the Union, but he did not believe it could ever be restored by war; he took no Interest in the anti slavery struggle, but many able, up right men, never accused of literary genius or morbid love of solitude, per fectly agreed with him. Hawthorne had no "Imperial loneli ness of soul." A man happily married, the affectionate father of children, Is not troubled wfth "Imperial loneliness of soul."' Saving for his beautiful and powerful original genius, Hawthorne was always a man among men when he had any leisure, and his eccentricities, so far as he had any notable ones, were riot at all the so-called eccentrici ties of genius, for they are character istic of so many well-bred, thoughtful men utterly without geinus that their presence In Hawthorne would have ex cited no criticism had he been an ordi nary clergyman, or college processor. There is no ground for believing that there are any eccentricities peculiar to geinus. Men of genius, like all other men, have points of contact with things of the earth, earthy, like all the rest of humankind. Hawthorne was not a man, of reserve in his Intercourse with his fellows because Jt was part of his genius, any more than Carlyle was a moral bully and domineering barbarian in 'private life 'because jof his ".genius. His old peasant father before him had the same ugly temper without the gen ius for literary expression. Genius stands for native endownient; great character for lifelong self-conquest. The vast space that men of genius fill makes their private life and traits of exaggerated consequence. Sometimes a book is better than its author; some times the man is better than his book. Anybody who has read Byron's letters can see that he was a better man than any of his heroes; that he admired and appreciated a far nobler type of woman than his melodramatic heroines. Byron worked his literary mine with skill and success, but the man Byron was far above the average educated English man of his class In the essential virtues of veracity, generosity, courage and honor; he was not either a Lara or a Don Juan. He had some of the vices of his class; he. had virtues that few of them possessed. Hawthorne was no eremite at home orabroad'when he had leisure for the genial company of un spoiled human nature, and Byron was no Incorrigible voluptuary when he ded icated to the cause of Greek liberty his sword, his fortune and his life. The story that the death of Li Hung Chang was hastened by a violent rage into which he was thrown by a dispute with Paul Lessar, Russian Minister to China, in regard to the status of Man churia, is not improbable. Anger, per haps more than any other passion, weakens the vital forces that burn low with age. Had Earl Li -have been as intelligent in conserving his physical powers as he was astute in political affairs, he would not have permitted himself to have grown furiously angry, whatever the provocation. That the provocation in this Instance was great there can be no doubt, and had not the wily old Chinese statesman been en feebled by age and disease, he would doubtless have met it calmly, perhaps have frustrated the plans of Russia, to which he, as a subject and servant of the Chinese Empire, took ju9t excep tions. He fell; however, a victim to impotent rage, and Russia will have her way in Manchuria. Among the proverbs of Confucius there Is no doubt one similar to that of Solomon, which declares, "He that Is slow to wrath Is of great understanding," the truth of which Earl Li might have proven had he been younger, stronger and less irascible. Realizing the practical truth of Poor Richard's maxim that it is "hard for an empty bag to stand upright," the commItee in charge of the Lewis and Clark Fair will proceed at as early a date as is practicable to secure pledges that will give the required financial stiffening to the project. With one tenth of the sum required before the Portland committee can go before the wide Northwest asking subscription to the fair fund already pledged, the un dertaking to secure the amount should not be considered a colossal one. In the words, and, it may be hoped, with the convincing and persuasive manner of the evangelist who makes appeal for "necessary expenses" to carry on his work, It may be said: "Now, friends, the cause is yours; the money to carry It forward must be forthcoming. Give according to your means, but give promptly and cheerfully. So shall the work be carried forward without halt ing and its success be assured." On the Saturday night after the close of the Buffalo Exposition there was wanton and riotous destruction by hoodlums ar.d plunderers. Local pa pers say there was a narrow escape from a general looting. The following is from a review of the financial re sults of the exposition: Tho stockholders sustain a complete loss. The holders of $500,000 second-mortgage bonds will get no return. The holders of the first mortgago bonds will recover SO per cent of their money. Contractors who put up the buildings will lose $1,000,000, because the fair has no assets to pay their claims. Concession hnlders lost mnnsv. with two nr thrpn cicf-n. tions, and several were ruined. "The notable money-maker was the cyclorama of the Johns town flood, despised and scorned by investors, which closed the season $100,000 to the good. A London fog of the type made real to the .world beyond Its misty depths by Dickens, having shrouded the me tropolis of the British Empire in gray during the greater part of the week, has passed on to France, with the result that the citizens of that country are groping about in the shadows or stand ing still waiting for them to shift or lift. The dead level of existence in which man is stranded on the shore of utter nothingness Is fitly represented by a blinding snow storm or an impenetra ble fog. Upon this dead level men are not even "shadows moving In a show," but frightened creatures of the mist, equally afraid to move or to stand still. In England, by the act of Parliament passed in 1857, establishing a divorce court, a totally Immoral distinction Is made between husband and wife In the matter of Infidelity. The man is al lowed divorce from an adulterous wife on that ground simply, out the woman is debarred from getting It from him unless it be coupled with other offenses which of themselves would have enti tled her to a separation from bed and board.1 England needs to reform this legal injustice to women. A concerted movement by the East Side "Pusli Club" Is about to, result in paving a number of contiguous blocks With cement sidewalks. This Is a piece of enterprise that should promote other "push clubs" and other sidewalks. In cidentally, we get a hint of what the Lewis and Clark Centennial Is going to do for the city's appearance. Port land is all right, but it needs streets and sidewalks. Benjamin Taylor, of Glasgow, in an article in the Forum, says that British vessels engaged in foreign trade earn not less than 80.000,000; or 5400,000,000, per annum. Vessels built In Great Brit ain and sold to foreigners last year brought In $43,000,000. The vasfcess of these maritime interests is the most striking fact in international commerce. For clearness and human Interest Mr. Thomas M. Strong's narrative of the In dians of the Lower Columbia, published elsewhere today, is to be commended. Tn view of the approaching Lewis and Clark Centennial, it is timely; besides, it has no small historical value. Mr. A. L. Mills seems to have burned midnight oil examining and digesting statistics of cities compiled at Wash ington. His results are published on another page. Taxpayers will approve most of his findings. OUR DEBT TO ANARCHISM. v In tho catalogue of "natural inalienable rights'" freedom of opinion is net Hated. Restriction of anarchistic utterance- since the murder or the late President brings his before us as many persons had not thought of before. Social security fc seen to be the only "inalienable" .right nature has given. And whatever endan gers that security, be it in ever so many bills of rlshts and constitutional docj ments. it has no "inalienable right" to existence. i v A womjln in New York called the execu tion of Czolgosz a "murder." She may lose her pension. Sympathy with Czol gosz has been persecuted Into silence. HI fellows in anarchy have been pursued bj enraged mobs and beaten. The papular heat has been radiated to the courts and punishments have been inflicted, whlcn, under other conditions, would hRve been unconstitutional as violating the privilege of free speech. Contrast the passion which the assassin excited In America and the coolness with which the news -was received In Europe. But when Bresci killed "King Humbert it was America that was" relatively indif ferent In America sympathizer with Bresci were tolerated. In America sym pathizers with Czolgosz were beset with mobs. In England, anarchists held meet ings. Indulged in orgies and heaped en comiums upon Czolgosz with Impunity. Americans did not understand the non chalance of tho British authorities. Was this because Individual liberty is more secure in England than In th. Unit ed States? The answer is that Individual liberty Is based on the state of the pub lic mind. In the United States we are wont to think it Is founded on written documents. The Czolgosz episode opens up the reality. The American and Eng lish constitutions have the same source. Individual rights are guaranteed only by the spirit of toleration that makes asso ciation possible. The limits to which tol eration may be extended are determined by the social welfare, and the social wel fare Is an arbitrary law. In extremities It Is no respecter of persons. . This fact is the key to all toleration. A society gives freedom to its members to do certain things and express certain opinions only when It feels Itself secure. If It fears vital disfurBance from the 11 censo it withdraws the privilege. Its single aim Is social cohesion. In times of danger no Internal discord can be per mitted. In every organization within thp society tho same fact Is apparent. A minister of a religious sect Ignores criti cism until tho Integrity of his sect is threatened. Anarchists, are tolerated un til they menace the public welfare. In the highest societies persecution has been political rather than religious. Romans tolerated every kind of religion i except that which seemed to "conflict with public morals and public order. Chris tians suffered molestation from Roman magistrates because It was believed they disturbed the peace families and towns. Their secret meetings aroused suspicion and their attitude seemed anarchical. The disposition of the tribunal which tried Jesus was to protect Him from the fanat icism of Jews. Before the Jewish high priest his enemie5 accused him of blas phemy; before Pilate they accuseds him of treason against Caesar. Uniformity of belief In Elizabeth's reign in Geneva and in Massachusetts was for political rea sons. We should not condemn our predecessors for intolerance of dissenters. The cir cumstances in which they acted did not present themselves to their minds as they do to ours in the lights, of subsequent events. The same motives do not rule from age to age. If they did we might have reason to think our present social system, with all its injustice, is the most perfect attainable. Absolutely universal toleration Is Incon sistent with any social cohe&Ion whatever. Only on the basis of a firmly established foundation of political and social stabil ity can freedom of religion and opinion be granted. Societies have survived which have not given themselves over to extremes either of rigidity or adsolute Individual freedom. Those which have hardened themselves by close organization have perished from petrification. Others have destroyed them selves in anarchy. Authority exlats be cause those peoples which nave recognized it havo lived while others which have not done so have succumbed. The vitality of our system comes frem Its freedom and Its authority. Anarchlots have freedom in opinion until they antagonize authority. Then they are persecuted. Christianity has Insured Its existence by persecution. This Is not malignant slander but melancholy fact. It shows that the gentle precepts of Jesus In order to live had to be lncrusted in an armor of steel. Toleration and non-resistance have been the cause of persecution and force. Uniformity was necessary to se cure cohesiveness of the Christian State or Church. St. Thomas Aquinas regarded heretics more criminal than counterfeiters of coins. Perhaps some day counter feiters of coins will bo less criminal than persons' who commit robbery on the stock exchange. We aro not to compare a certain Ideal of Christianity with the precept and practices of other religions. Christianity of history should enter the comparison. It has been a working Institution having definite theological doctrines and a defin ite system or government. As such it has been a persecuting religion. We believe we have autgrown persecu tion. We cannot understand the spirit which incited, it We think we do not persecute for religious or political opm ions. But a club blackballs its heretics. We ostracize those we do not like We "persecute" exponents of vaccination, christian science and vivisection. We "per&ecute" polygamy although Its adher ents aro following the example of alnts, apotheosized by many good people. AU this shows that the spirit of persecution lingers. It is our notions of what ougnt to bo restrained or enforced that change from day to day. Before anarchism came home to us we abhorred the word "peraeeutiaw." But the word stands for social security. As much as we despise it we fear disorder more. Anarchism has shown us that the right of free speech is not inalienably glvcn. This is our debt to the atuassin of the late President. And Byron, Too. Bosten Herald. The New York World holds Poet Laure ate Austin up to ridicule for attaching a singular! verb to a. plural substantive in his welcome to the returning Yorks. 1it poet laureate would seem to be in a posi tion to stand the worldly jibe so long as he can point to similar instances of poetic license on the part of Shakespeare, Tenny son, Drjden and numerous other distin guished poets, including Rudyard Kipling in his "Recessional." Considering the weight of such authority, It might r-e just as well to allow that poetry Is mightier than syntax, and i not subject to Its rigid rules and regulations. - SLINGS AND.'ARROYv'S. Look Out; New pre- .- Pare for some fine mornlns when, without a Wt of warning, lovely anew will beadornlnjf street and roof and fonce and yard; When the """ Grimy, greasy plumber, who's been dormant through the Summar. will beaome a steady comer, and will charge you sood and hard. When the Price of coal will flutter to the skies, and you tv ill mutter things you fain out loud would utter if yoar wife did not have ears. When tha Man -who Is the oldest In the city and the boldest liar, saya the weather's coldest that it's been in fifty years; . For cehl Weather likes to happen round and catch the pabllc napkin" when they've not & single wrap on hand that's suited for the oltrae. It ocracs Sometimes In November, and again not till December, but It's well that we remember this is 'long about the time. IICRlth Hints. (Under this heading we shall cheerfully give such answers as occur to, us to any and all questions touching affections of the throat, head and lungs. No charge for medicines, as we won't furnish any.) Skamokawa, Nov. 2. While attending a performance of "Theodora" In your city recently I contracted a severe cold In tho head. Can you give mo a health hint that will enable me to get rid of It? Take a voyage to China on an ocean grej hound, or. if your means are limited, go in a private yacht. We arc not at liberty to print the names of manufac turers of private yachts, but send $1, to pay postage nd we will put you next to three or four. Vancouver. Nov. 7. While bathing in the Columbia River day before yester day I acquired d very severe cold In the head. I should be glad of a health hint which would show me how to take It out and lose it. A quart of coal tar, taken three times a day, usually has the effect of relieving a cold In the head. Also take baths of hot champaign every hour, and avoid pleasure trips to Boston. Oregon City. Nov. 7. While engaged In my morning pastime of falling the falls a day or two agb, I caught a sockdolager of a cold in the head. Physicians have failed to aid me, and patent medicines have only proven a hollow mockery. Can't I get a health hint from you that will put said cold to the bad? Yes. A cold in the head is a pretty se rious affair, but it yields readily to skill ful treatment. Get a dentist to lend you a pair of forceps, roach down your throat until tho cold can bo firmly gripped, and extract it with a short, sharp jerk. Once you have it out, set thc bulldog on It, or it is likely to at tack you again. Salem, Nov. 8. I havo got a cold in the head. It doesn't matter how I got it. What I want from you is a health hint which will show me how to cure, it. Can you give me one. No. There Is no possible way to cure a cold in the head. A Fellotv-Countryinnn's Eulogy. LI Hung Chang, him go to bed No mo' talkum, muchee dead. Chinamen, him wellec sad. Think fo China muchee bad. Queen, he say, "What fo'? What fo? China ketchura plenty mo'." Byumby him Kngulshman. Flenchman, Gelman. Mclloan, All come China, muchee mad, No LI Kung to makum glad. No LI Hung to say, "What do? China no will foolo you. "Senduxn allco soldieh 'way, Sendum all an' makum stay." No LI Hung to talkum slick, Foolum white man. makum slek. When him soldieh alt go 'way Misslonally muchee slay. Whito man talkum light alona. "Lt Hung Chang, him mean no long. "Keohum heap much hono" name." Li Hung foolum, alleo same. So when Queen him say. "What fo? China ketchum plenty mo'," Chinaman, he think "Heap lot Gleat big statesman China got, "But not one in whole big gang Half so smalt as LI Hung Chang." The Favorite's Joke. The Sultan was going through his morn ing mail. Suddenly he developed a terri ble scowl, and, passing a page over to his favorite, he exclaimed: "Wouldn't that Jar you?" "What is It, Your Majesty," asked tho favorite, for she knew not how to read. "A note from the powers," snapped tho Sultan. "Ah." murmured the lady, with a dark brown look In her eyes, "I have heard of Jarring notes, but this is the first time I knew they produced the discord in the concert of the powers." Which goes to show that a college edu cation Is not necessary to ono who Is naturally witty What the Child Prodlary Said. My mamma, she's a singer, an' my papa docs a turn As the "Oreatea' Livin Strong Man" in tho show. But they both of 'em together doesn't never seem to earn 'Nough to live on, so I have to work, you know. I ain't but only seven, but they've learned me bow to danae An slog, an' do a Cakewalk on the stage. An' when I play a minstrel, with a overcoat an' pants. Folks say I'm Just a wonder for my age. My pUcher's on tho three-sheets that is hung up 'round the town. An' my aame la en the programme big an' biak. An' sometime." I heart the children that is ruRRln up aa' down Say, "I'd lke to be that youngster, for a faek." Gel They ain't got no Idea how I wishes that tbey could. An' I eottld Jb' go runnln' 'round the street. An have a home to go to with a papa that wits good Aa' a mamma that was always kind an' aneet. For lt ain't the fan it looks ltka doln' dancin' evary night. Ah" smMIn' whoa yoa're feoiin' mighty sad. An havta' fo)k3 that euff joa when the stera ain't aH Jus' right. Or when your slngin's kind o falat an bad. Sometime I get so tired, an' so fearful lame an' sere That I feel Jus' like I dimply had to drop; lt th people keep appfaudin' an a callln' out for more. An', of course, lt wetrida't do for me to stop. I get more pay than ma an' pa together, but To thm. an' ail ef It that's ever spent On me Is Jua' to buy m ray fancy dancin' cloea. I don't dare ever ask 'em for a eent. 'An if any little boy or girl that wants to trad with me Will Jua come 'round tonight to the stage door, I'll go right to their parents. Jus' as quickly as ean be. But golly, won't my papa be dead sore? J. J, MONTAGUE. Aa B-3bibttatiL3Sz?,4. .rtrfcafetsW fcfcTiltofffifriir xLtidl:rQiJI-& r - " ,i. -ZiJ&tikVtJbr.fai;