The Sunday Oregonian., October 13, 1901, PART TWO, Page 12, Image 12

THE SUSDiYAOHBadrAN; BORLAND, GOOBER 13, 1901
12
n
Geie"fca and the
1 - ' fe.2
Grizzly Describes HisWnderins .TH'rotSiH
1&urope -A liard Game to Beat. , .
HOTEL BEATJRXVAGE, Ouchy-Lau-eanne,
Aug. 3L Our ride from France to
Switzerland "was a beautiful one and, al
though advised to the contrary by friends
in Paris. I shall never Tegret having tak
ing it in the -day time. I isaw questions
of transportation solved for themselves
hy so doing, and felt myself more than
ever none too old to learn. The morning
"broke dark and, cloudy, as we left the gay
French capital behind us, and the air was
decidedly sultry. A friend In Los Angeles
had told me that the Seine, as a-navigable
river, virtually ended latParls, "whereas
nothing could he farther from the truth,
although no large -sailing vessels come
above :lbat point. But for the low nav
igation it cannot be surpassed hy any
"body of -water of the same cubic dimen
sions. As- far as possibly, the Seine is con
verted Into a sorf of a canal, by means
of dams, which back up the water and
snake It navigable for -vessels drawing
nearly .seven feet Just above the foot
of, each level created "by the dams, they
2iave, a Jock capable of admitting barges
ot .about ISO feet in length and about 22
feet "beam. Some of these are nicely
"builtand equipped for carrying merchan
dise, while those designed for coal and
timber, are, less expensively built and
painted -black. As there Is nourrent (ex
cept In the 'heaviest freshets) on these
levels, a boat of one hundred horse-power-can
.easily handle twelve of these barges,"
no matter how they may bo loaded. The
barges generally lock through first and
pass lines to .one- another, so that the
-steamer can pick "them up.
' x'j Ihe Canals. '
. uAswexolled along and left the scene
behind, we "began to come upon the ca
bals, the boats of which are drawn along
fry horses( as la our own country, but the
tow-paths' -are simply heautjful colonnades
of Lombardy poplars or else planted with
a dwarf sycamore which grows as straight
Hz alpine for about 2D feet and then
branches out 'laterally, somewhat like the
Japanese umbrella trees that are planted
Bo much In Southern California. Boats
3oaded at canal points 400 mtfes from
Paris make their way down to tide-water
e Honfleur, and make the voyage profit
able J1 the way, "by carrying wine or
other farm produce to th6 metropolis and
manufactured articles thence to the sea.
H it had not been for these very cheap
methods of transportation, the railways
would have had a genuine Huntlngtonlan
"'cinch" on the producers of Prance; and
the Indemnity demanded by Prussia and
paid in seven years after the close of
the Alsatian War, would not have been
paid until today my word for that!
In 1S66 Charles P. Heed, of Knight's
Landing, In Yolo County, California, at
tempted to incorporate a canal company
to take the water out of the Sacramento
BJver at Bed Bluff, and turn it back
again into the same stream at Cache
Creek Slough, just above Bio Vista, In
the County of Solomon. The project fell
through, for there was a want of local
capital, as the "bonds were to pay only
7 per cent; and every bank in San Fran
clsco was charging 10, except for the
very best of gilt-edged Japer. If Mr.
Seed had only gone to work to create a
series of locks and 'dams between Red
Bluff and Colusa, and also between Ba
kersfleld and Stockton, similar to those
on the Seine, he would have already saved
millions to the producers of California,
but now the chances for such legislation
to -build the locks and dams by state
aid would be worse than they were then.
The legislature of California are peopled
with corporation attorneys, who would
jump on such a measure with Tfcth feet
and never allow the bill to reach' a third
reading. -
Burffundy.
By noon we were in the Province of
Burgundyz and saw some very large
Yinoyaras, us wen as Dig aalry xanns,
for that province exports largo quantities
of butter and cheese, as well wine and
live beef. We were now in old Prance,
among farm houses that had stood since
the days of the mighty Armand Du
plessIsT who defied the minions of a King
with "irreverent ribald." "I tell thee,
reviler of these gray hairs, when this
enow melts there shall come a deluge."
Avaunt! My name is Richelieu, and I
defy thee. Lead blindly on. Behind thee
etalks the headman. God save my coun
tryl" The cattle of Burgundy are most
ly pure white or a very faint roan; and
while they are inferior to those of the
Channel Islands for making butter, they
are superior to them for cheese-making, as
they give from 18 to 26 quarts per day.
I should advise the milkmen of Portland
and Los Angeles to import some of these
Burgundy cows and save the expense of
a pump. The peasantry were dressed,
especially 'the women, very like the chor
us girls in Audran's "operas; and the
whole picture was a continuous realiza
tion of a life-long dream. At 1 P. M. wo
-went to lunch in the dining-car which
served a better meal than I ever ate on
any dining-car in America; and for Just
5 -cents more than I had to pay for the
snusty oatmeal and xancld butter of the
dining-cars on the Canadian Pacific road.
There was crab gumbo, hearty enough to
have been made in Louisiana; fried soles
from Chlotat, near Marseilles; a pie called
vol-au-vent, made with beefsteak and
mushrooms; tenderloin of veal with hari
cot beans; mutton chops, with fried po
tatoes; omelet souflle, followed by some
of the finest fruits I ever ate, and three
3Unds of cheese. All this for four francs,
3ust 0 cents. Vive la Prance, hip, hip,
taooray tiger, Ah!
JFrench, Railway System.
It was about 4:30 when we crossed the
rushing Arve. and the clouds, which had
been gathering all day. burst out Into a
violent storm with the most brilliant
lightning and the heaviest thunder I ever
remember to have heard. In one little
.railway station we saw several hundred
bedraggled women, -who had come there
to attend a Sunday variety show and had
forgotten to bring their umbrellas. As
the train did -not stop at any one of the
next three stations, they could not get
much shelter from our outfit, and so we
left them lamenting.
I must say I deem the Prench railway
systems far "in advance of the English.
Instead of having you locked up in a
compartment with seats for eight people,
they have corridor cars with a long hall
passing into a vestfbuled platform; and
you can go from one end of the train to
the other through this corridor, which is
"beautifully enclosed in glass, enabling you
to see out all over the country, and to
stand up in doing so, which is often a
great relief in a long ride.
The shades of evening were rapidly fall-
ing as we crossed the low divide at
Ayerachet and entered the" Valley of the
Rhone, a larger stream than the Sacra
mento or Willamette, but never very
safe for navigation. Still, rafts go down
it every year with vast lots of timber
for consumption in Lyons and other
large manufacturing towns. At last the
xlver "became a foaming, roaring torrent,
dancing and capering over the rocks, and
a Jura it makes a "sink," like the Hum
boldt of theTruckee. At this point the
storm broke out with renewed vigor, and
In the tnldst of such a downpour as Ore
gon never saw except in the great flood
of 1861,. and with her streets running all
sorts of rivers, "we landed at the hlctor
Ical city of Geneva, and were driven to
that well-kept and beautifully appointed
hotel, the Paix, on the Qua! de Mont
Blanc, where I met a dozen Americans
ten minutes after my arrival.
Geneva.
"You kem dong een wan gran' shower
of rang," said theamiable Fred Weber,
as he shook my hand and assigned me
to a. room, "but eet will be clear demaln;
and den you will see de cltie which has
more hlstorle zan' any other of her size
in de world.
The feasant landlord of the Hotel de
Casino
la Paix spoke truly. With a population
of "barely 200,000, Geneva has always been
a cradle lof heroes, both in religious .and
military achievements. You cannot turn
to one, side or the other without seeing
something to recall the great Brunswick,
the philosopher, Rousseau, John Calvin,
William Tell or Arnold WInkelried. I
went there Intending to spend two days
and I remained there five. It is the most
classical city of the world, outside oE
Rome and Paris. Certainly, the Pare
des Eaux Vives will compare favorably
With anything of its size on earth. -
We had a beautiful corner room in the
fourth story of the Paix, one window look
ing out on the lake and the other on
the pretty little square where repose the
ashes of the great Brunswick. There is
a small stage at the front of the quay
and f ronr that run four separate lines (all
owned by one company) of gasoline
launches or "monettes" as they -call them.
On these merry little boats you can ride
for 10 centlnes (two cents of our money)
,to any part of the opposite side of the
city, the bay being about twice as wide
as the Willamette River at Portland;
and the same price is charged, on the
street-cars, within the city limits. Several
of the suburbs containing the most ele
gant residences, however, can be only
reached by suburban steam railways.
One of these Is the beautiful Satlgny,
where resides my old friend, Albert L.
Qullle, the operatic tenor, whose home
Is called the Castel des Roses, and' said
to be one of" the most beautiful homes
In all Switzerland. I regret very much
having to come away without seeing him.
At the Casino.
It rained black dogs and blue devils
for three days out of the .five that we
were in Geneva. On our fifth night it
was clear and we went to the Casino,
or Kursaul, as Itis sometimes called. It
Is nothing else than a big gambling-house
with a theater and a roof garden attached.
The game opens at S and the theater at
8:30. Had the. manly and athletic game
of faro been the attraction, I might have
taken a, hand, for I was a mighty hunter
in my youth, and my favorite game was
"the tiger." But the Casino of Geneva
Is very much changed In the past 0 years, i
since rouge-et-nolr and roulette have been
abolished. What do they play at now?
Why, a game caled "La Course," which-is
10 times worse than either. It consists of
nine lljtle Jtin horses running around
grooves, and the one that stops next "to
the winning-post is declared the winning
number. There is a long table, with the
horses in Jhe middle, and a lay-ouvt on
either side. .. r
The blank spaces on either side pay
even money for the four numbers indi
cated thereon, as do the-three spaces at
the foot, which mean odd, even or a
repetition of the previous" winning num
ber. One old lady thought she had struck
a great system by placing a franc on
each of the two extreme outer spaces.
By and by along came the little 5 and then
she howled because she had lost both. If
a man will play this game and not win
three hets out of 10 he will quit loser.
There are nine numbers, and that means
that the player has eight chances "to lose
and one to win Do they pay you eight
for one when you win? Not on your In
dividual life only six for one, so you
see what a big percentage that Is, In ad
dition to the "5" which sweeps off all bets
except those on It directly or placed upon
the square marked "impair." Again, if
V ' STEAMER" BAILEY .GATZERt AT DAlCESTLANDINO l ' : "' ' '
yjW Srlrff V .-.Copyrlfcht Photo" by BENJ.'A. GIFFORD. THD DALt.ES. 1 .
you play two numbers, with one piece of
money 'and one of them wins, they pay
youat the rate, of three to one, when it
is" four to one that ypu do not win either,
I saw a man win 160 francs in five turns
"by playing "pair," for it came 2, 6, 4." 8
and G "successively, and all that he risked
was a 5-franc. piece. But such cases are
exceptional, and the unlucky "punter"
generally goes home about' 3 A. M., curs
ing his luck and kickine the asphalt, out
of the sidewalk. I
The theater connected with, this lair of
"the Royal Bengal" is beautifully fitted'
up and has more comfortable eeats than
any theater onthe Pacific Coast. The
show opens at 8:30 and closes at 2 A. M.,
in order to keep the crowd together and
help along the gambling. I saw several
very clever performers there, among them
a Pierrot, in a three-act pantomime, in
which he described, by facial movements
and gesture, how he had peeped into the
dressing-room, of the reigning favorite,
Musldora. to "watch her disrobe, arid there
was a "musical wonder" comedian named
Vaunel who.1 did.- several amusing things,
among which was-a solo on the 'cello,
which instrument broke down in the mid
dle of the performance, and he finished
it out with a capital, imitation with his
lips.
It was 11 o'clock on Friday morning
"that we stood at the front door of the
Hotel de la Paix, bidding good-by to
kind old Pred Weber, a ,nian who can
keep a hotel, for the reason that he be-
-lieves in giving every, man a just equiv
alent for his money and who la getting
rich without descending to extortion. He
charged us only ten francs more for five
days, with an elegant .room, than wo
paid to" little Zotti in Paria for two days
and a half. In the'stufilest old hole that
I ever slept in.
"And then we "went on board the steam
er Bonnlvard for this place. She Is named
after the hero of Byron's poem, the "Pris
oner of jChillon. of whom he wroter
"For every step that Bonnlyard has trod
Shall cry aloud to freedom "and to God."
The sail up the lake -was something,
delightful beyond my poor-powers of de
scription. At Rolle we came; upon an
elegant phalet, from' which iflbated the
Stars and Stripes.' The host had expected
'some friends In the boat'ithat day, and
When we cam4 in sight of the place I
rose up and proposed "three cheers for
Uncle Sam." And there were about 30
Noi;th American Tanks that mounted
the pedestals- of their hind legs "and.
cheered the dear old flag as If it were
to be the last earthly glimpse of the
star-wrought mantle of Fort McHenry.
AtNyon we saw the castle where Joseph -
ine uvea Uiicr ner uivuiuu num uiu jnuu
ern Attlla. And then, after as delightful
a four hours' sail a3 I can ever rememtfer
we landed at Oucby, " the port of his
torical Lorraine. GRIZZLY.
The President's Opportunity.
Atlanta Constitution.
Mr. McKlnley wisely declared that we
must buy as Well as sell while maintain
ing a reasonable balance of trade. This
legacy of common sense he has "left to
his successor, and against It stands the"
active agencies of the Republican party.
The Democratic party cannot but admire
the Independent attitude now open to the
President. He has the opportunity to
lead"- off In the fight against', class
legislation and trade blundering. It is an
opportunity that corners to but few men,
and It takes a true statesman to "com
prehend Its meaning,
BUSINESS ITEMS.
' If Baby Is Cutting Teeth,
Be sure and use that old and well-tried remedy,
Mrs. ."Winslow's Spotting Syrup, for children
tppthlnir It OQths tho child, softens thi zrilms.
aila-vu ail sain, cures wlttd colic anil dlarrlioear
STEALING ARID LANDS
DESERT LAND ACT AN AID
FRAUD AND MONOPOLY.
TO
Enormotia Ranches Were Built Upon.
Hired Men's , Rights Perjury at
: ar PremiHm.
- HELENA, Mont., Oct. 5. "The desert
land act Is the most iniquitous piece of
legislation ever .placed upon the statute
books," said a prominent Western Sen
ator recently. "Without any perceptible
increase In our farming population dur
ing the fiscal year ending June 30, over
100,000 acres of Montana's choice farm
lands were paid for and receiver's re
ceipts issued. It is fair to assume that
at least as "many more acres were taken
up. during the same period that have not
been paid for. How long, let me ask,
can this work of acquiring land largely
for the benefit of "companies and corpor
ations continue before our rich arid do
main "will pass beyond the reach o set
tlers and home builders? In view of
National aid in the reclaiming of our arid
lands, the first step should be the Imme
diate repeal of some of our present land
laws and the preservation of public do
main for actual settlers. If this cannot
be done, Federal aid will only be a
dream. It can 'never be a reality, for
the nation will not appropriate money
except it be in the interest of actual set
tlement. When the desert land act Is re
pealed and the Issuing of scrip Is stopped,
as It should have been long ago, and the
public lands are held for home builders,
then, and not until then. wW we Have
laid the foundation for the upbuilding of
agriculture and for an industrial growth
never surpassed' In any country.
"We can readily understand why cap
italists in Chicago, Boston and New York,
men In nowise identified with the up
building of theWestern states, who have
invested money in' cattle, sheep, water
fronts and favored places commanding
wide ranges, should look with disfavor
upon all measures that tend to settle
ment and growth. But it Is not easy to
understand how men living In the West
ern states and taking pride In their
achievements should be Indifferent to
these subjects. With what propriety can
we ask the Federal Government to ex
pend millions of dollars In the construc
tion of reservoirs and Irrigating canals
after all the JandsMributary to them
have been appropriated by a few men and
a few companies? In ninety cases out of
100 the provisions of the desert land act
have not been complied with In secur
ing title. In fact, the provisions of the
law have been -'flagrantly violated and
title has been secured by the rankest
, perjury."
Origin of Desert Land Law. -
3 7" " . w...r-tX- ... o-"--
view oi inose wno nave mvesugarea ine
workings of the desert land law. This
law originated In 1875, when a big cattle
bcompany In Canfbinia desiring to secure
title to a large tract of land, secured the
passage by Congress. of an act whereby
it was able to accomplish Its purpose by
a pretense of reclamation of Government
domain. The process was so easy that the
demand for a similar law became general,
and In 1877 the 'desert land act, practical
ly as It now stands, was placed upon the
statute- bottle. Since 1877 there have been
36,951 original desert filings under this
law, In the arid states, covering 9,140,517
acres of public land. Of all these filings
made but 10,912 have been proved upon
and title conveyed "by the Government,
these final proofs covering 2,671,695 acres.
During each year there are between 2500
and 3000 desert filings made and between
500 and 200 flmfl proofs accomplished, and
It Is conservative 'to estimate that fully
95 per cent of the final .proofs made on
desert lands are entirely fraudulent.
As the law now stands, any citizen of
the "United States can take up 320 acres of
arid land by making a deposit at the time
of filing of 25 cents per acre and paying
$1 an acre more when title passes from
the Government. The law requires that
before securing title the settler shall
prove the ownership of sufficient water td
Irrigate this entire tract of land: shall
prove that be has : expended at least ?1
per acre -per year in Improving the Jand,
and that he has actually irrigated within
three years from the time of filing every
legal subdivision of his claim. The -proof
of irrigation Is the actual ownership of
water, the construction' of the necessary
canals and ditches and the, presence of
water upon the Jand in sufficient quanti
ties to produce a crop, as' shown by the
testimony of witnesses.
To honestly carry out the requirements
Imposed by the law a man musfhave an
unquestioned water right of sufficient vol
ume and, as experience has proved make
an expenditure of at least 510 an acre to
put this water upon the land" in sufficient
quantities to raise a crop of some kind
which would not otherwise have grown
upon his claim. It is a notorious fact
that thousands of desert claims "are filed
where there Is no possibility of securing
the necessary water. lb Is an equally no
torious fact that the law is used in near
ly every instance to prevent others from.
ocLnint, ujjuii nic taiiu iu seuuro luijuuyuiy
of livestock ranges or to monopolize
water holes and water fronts In such a
way as to prevent others from using the
public range in that vicinity.
Barefaced Swindle.
The manner In which many of the final
proofs are made upon these desert claims
Is almost Incredible. In numerous In
stances no attempt Is made to water the
land at all, the principal effort being ex
pended In the securing of witnesses who
will swear to a statement of alleged facts
required by the Land Office before patent
Issue3. To ease the conscience of some of
these witnesses men have been known to
take a pall of water and In their presence
pour It upon the land, so the statement
can be made that they have seen water
running upon the claim. The building of
ditches sworn to In the final proof gener
ally means the plowing of single furrows
across each 40 acres, so as to comply
with the law In regard to each legal sub
division, a 40 being the smallest tract
recognized. In the surveys of the public
land.
In other well-known and now populous
valleys ot Colorado, Wyoming, Montana,
New Mexico, Arizona, and, in fact, In all
the arid states, enough water to Irrigate
40 acres has been used to obtain title to
thousands of acres. Each claim has been
proved upon by the use of this tiny
stream, the stream being diverted from
one claim to another in succession, as
demanded by the witnesses who were to
swear as to the reclamation of "the land.
It may be stated without exaggeration
that nearly all of the large land holdings
or ranches In the arid West have been
built up by fraudulent use of the land
laws, and notably by fraudulent use of the
desert land act. In the first few years of
Its operation each claimant was allowed
640 acres, and under this law great val
leys and plains were absorbed en block
by Individuals and corporations, who em
ployed people to use their desert land
rights, all11 for the 'benefit of the single
establishment. The amount of land which
can be taken under the desert land law
has since been reduced to 320 acres, but
the same method Is still being pursued
In monopolizing the ranges and fraudu
lently acquiring title to the public do
main. The agricultural population of
the arid states Is not Increasing m nearly
the ratio with which the Government Is
disposing of its estate, thus showing that
the big livestock companies are extend
ing their operations in the land business,
a process which will result In time in the
entire absorption of land which Is- now
looked upon as available for settlement
by an increasing population.
By Men of "KlBh Standinfif."
Many of the men who have availed them
selves of these possibilities are of high
standing, and who would Indignantly re
sent the Idea that they Were dishonest in
any particular. It has become the cus
tom for a man who desired to secure a
lot of land to let it be understood thai,
such land was worth so much, per acre
to him as soon as title could be con
voyed. The result of such an announce
ment is to bring In a lot of Irresponsi
ble people, who file upon the tract which
the rancher desires to secure, borrow from
him the money to prove up, and after
title Is completed convey the land for
a small consideration above the Indebt
edness to the man desiring the large land
holding. The existence of land laws which
can be evaded by a form of, perjury ap
parently regarded as legitimate has a
generally deteriorating effect upon the
public morals. It has come to such a pass
that few "men 'seem to hesitate to strain
their. consciences to cover a government
land transaction. This perjury Is open,
avowed and notorious. When the land of
fice attempts to Investigate a claim to ti
tle before title Is allowed to pass the In
vestigation -does not seem to produce any
real results. For apparently any number
of- witnesses can be secured who will
swear .to an unlimited" number of false
hoods when a government land transac
tion is to be made.
j If the desert" land act was resulting in
the building up of homes upon the arid
domain; of the "United" States a certain
element of fraud, might be overlooked in
view of greater benefits derived. But the
law as it staritis itoday Is" simply an
agency for the monopoly of the country
by powerful industrial and political com
binations" and should be removed from
t the statute books without delay. Not
oniy soouia ims oe aone, dul ii neces
sary special legislation should be enacted
whereby all land now held under the
desert act sluftild tier Inspected as to the
possibilities of making' final" proof and
the good intentions of those who are hold
ing it. with the view of restoring the
same to the public domain in case these
are found defective.
To take the place of the desert act
it is possible to amend the homestead'
law. which Is now Inapplicable to desert
lands, so that there would be a possibil
ity of a homesteader securing title to
desert lands In connection with his home
stead by honest reclamation. The purpose
of the government Is to hold the public
lands for the actual settler. To make
a country of homes and not of great
land' holdings has been the real spirit
and Intention of all land legislation. A
tremendous stride toward correcting ex
isting errors could be made by repealing
the desert land act, and enacting In Its
place a dosert land privilege, to be se
cured only by .bona fide homestead set
tlers. Congress will be asked this Wln
.ter to consider this matter at, length and
In detail,, and those who are working se
riously and honestly for the development
of the Western States are hoping for
intelligent and honest legislation In the
premises. J. D. WHELPLEY.
NOT LACKING IN VOTES.
Union Men Fought as Bravely
Confederates.
PORTLAND, Oct. 3. (To the Editor.)
Will you permit a word from one who,
In the ranks, wore the blue, as to the
question discussed In this morning's pa
per, concerning the 'fighting qualities of
the men of the North and South during
the great war. No one rejoices more in
the era of good feeling that now prevails
than the men who were at the front, but
nothing is more calculated to stir up tha
old blood than these comparisons. The
real fighters on both sides are willing to
concede equal valor all round. It was
"Greek meeting Greek." We are also
willing to concede that while the South
was politically and morally wrong, the
rank and file of the Southern, Army were
moved by what they believed 'to be patri
otic motives. General Robert E. Lee
was a great captain, and a man of beau
tiful private life, but no greater captain
than that magnificent patriot soldier from
hla own Virginia, General, George H.
Thomas. Stonewall Jackson was a vali
ant chieftain, but not more so than Sher
man or Sheridan. And above them all
and overshadowing was TJlys3e3 S. Grant.
But ta the question at Issue: "Did the
Southern men fight better than the North
ern men?" Two military men are quoted
In the affirmative. Colonel Palfrey, of
whom few of us ever heard, and General
Don Carlos Buel. To any who served "un
der the latter In the famous Kentucky
campaign with Bragg, his 'opinion has
little weight. Pie lost the Battle of Perry
ville for the simple reason that he did
not get half his men Into the fight. Crit
tenden's whole corps lays where officers
and men could see the enemy's wagon
trlns In retreat, "arid all ot them fairly
panted for the fray. A man who was re
moved from command because of his fail
ure at Perryvllle, and of whom It wa3
truthfully said. "General Buell was too
far. In the rear to learn through the noise
of battle that his army was engaged,"
is not the best witness as to the conduct
of his troops. This same army, under a
different commander, at Stone River, met
Bragg3 army and there was no lack of
fighting qualities on either side. True,
the. Union men did not "go into battle
as to a feast," nor did the other stde and
the result showed that Rosecrans' "me
chanics and farmers" were the equal, man
for man, to Bragg's Southerners. At
Vlcksburg, and Gettysburg, and Chlcka
mauga, in the Summer of 1863, the "Union
Army displayed fighting nerve and enthu
siasm that was unsurpassed by any army
that opposed them.
The charge of the Army of the Cumber
land up Missionary Ridge, without orders,
and breaking through Bragg's center,
ought to forever put a stop to all talk of
the lack 'of "military aptitude' among
the soldiers of the North
Sherman's campaigns' to Atlanta dnd
the sea have few equals In aggressive
warfare In the annals of any country.
True, the North had a larger army, but
it had longer lines and was In the enemy's
country. In many cases, as at Chicka
mauga, the "Union Army was the smaller
In numbers Before the war we heard of
"One Southerner whipping five mudsills
ot the North," but that conceit was all
taken out in four years' actual war and
now to talk of one section being better
soldiers than another Is sheerest nonsense
to men who- know facts from actual ex
perience. From the days of the Revolu
tion, till now the wars of this Nation haye
proved that in. fighting quality one Ameri
can soldier is as good as another, whether
born north' or south of Mason and Dlxon'a
line. ALEXANDER BLACKBURN.
SfiEfcS ENLIGHTENMENT.
"Student's" Inquiry Resardlns The
ory of Evolution.
HILLSBORO, Or., Oct. 9. (To the Edi
tor.) X was much Interested in the com
munication from Rev. B. J. Hoadley
which appeared in your issue of Sun
day last, in which he accepts the doc
trine of evolution as applied to animal
life, including the human race. To me,
a3 to Mr. Hoadley, the evidence in its
favor seems to be overwhelming, al
though some of its processes are beyond
my conception. But the acceptance of the
theory of evolution involves a difficulty
which I have never been able to settle
satisfactorily to myself, and I write thi3
letter In the hope that Mr. Hoadley will
be able to throw some light on the dif
ficulty. The Christian religion, a3 I understand
It, is based upon the theory that man
was at one time in a higher and purer
state; that through temptation he fell
from his high estate to a much lower
one, and thereby it became necessary -for
Christ to become, a sacrifice In order to
redeem man from his fallen estate. This,
as I understand it, is the central" idea of
the Christian religion. Now, If evolution
be true and man has slowly and gradual
ly evolved, through the processes of evo
lution, from protoplasm, he has come
from a lower to a higher state, and not
from a higher to a lower one, and there
fore there was no necessity, it would
seem, for a Redeemer.
I do not write this in any spirit of con
troversy, but In the hope that Mr. Hoad
ley has been able to solve thl3 difficulty
in some way that ha3 never occurred to
me. . STUDENT.
FATHER -BfATHEWS BADGE
Hi.i Gift to Lord Brougham, nnd
TVhnt the Latter Did With It.
London. Good Words.
Brougham told Father Mathew, tha
celebrated Irish temperance advocate,
that he was extremely abstemious in the
matter pf wine. In 1841 Father Mathew
amused" a large party at the house of an
Irish nobleman In London by his attempts
to convert the noble Lord to teetotallsm
"I drink very little wine," said Brougham
"only half a glass at luncheon, and
two half-glasse3 at dinner; and, thugh
my medical advisers told me I should In
crease the quantity, I refused to do so."
"They are wrong, my Lord, for advis
ing you to Increase the quantity," said
Father Mathew playfully, "and you are
wrong In taking even the small quantity
you mention, but I have hopes of you":
and, despite the good-humored resistance
of Brougham, he Invested his Lordship
with the green ribbon and sliver medal
of the Total Abstinence Society.
"I'll tell you what I'll do," said Broug
ham. "I'll take the ribbon to the House
of Lords, where I shall be sure to meet
old , the worse for liquor, ana in
put It on him." This announcement was
received with much laughter by the com
pany, for the peer referred to was no
torious for his deep potations.
A fetf evenings later Brougham met
him in the House of Lords. "Lord ,"
said he, "I have a present from Father
Mathew for you." and he passed the
ribbon and the medal rapidly over the
old .peer's head.
"Then I'll tell you what It 13, Broug
ham. By , I'll keep sober from thl3
night!" exclaimed the other, and, to the
great amazement of all his friends, he
remained faithful to his vow.
What Shall
We Eat
To Keep Healthy and Strong?
A healthy appetite and common sense
are excellent guides to follow In matters
ot diet, and a mixed diet of grains, fruits
and meats 13 undoubtedly the beat, la
spita of the claims made by vearatarlana
and food cranks generally.
As compared with grains and vegetables,
meat furnishes the most nutriment In a
highly concentrated form and is digested
and assimilated more quickly than vege
tables or grains.
Dr. Julius Remusson on this subject
says: Nervous persons, people run down
In health and ot low vitality should eat
plenty of meat. If the digestion Is too
feeble at first it may be easily strength
ened by the regular use of Stuart'3
Dyspepsia Tablets after each meal. Two
of these excellent tablets taken after
dinner will digest several thousand grains
of meat, eggs or other animal food In
three or four hours, while tho malt dias
tase also contained In Stuart's Tablets
cause the perfect digestion of starchy
foods, like potatoes, bread, etc., and no
matter how weak the stomach may be, no
trouble will be experienced If a regular
practice Is made of using Stuart's , Dys
pepsia Tablets because they supply the
pepsin and diastase so necessary to per
fect digestion, and any form of Indiges
tion and sfomach trouble except cancer of
the stomach will be overcome by their
dally use.
Thdt large clafl3 of people who come
under the head of nervous dyspeptics
should eat plenty of meat and Insure Its
complete digestion by the systematic use
of a safe, harmless digestive medicine
like Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets, com
posed ot the natural digestive principles,
peptones and diastase, which actually
perform the work of digestion- and give
the abused stomach a chance to rest and
to furnish the body and brain with the
necessary nutriment. Cheap cathartic
medicines masquerading under the name
of dyspepsia cures are useless for relief
or cure of Indigestion, because they have
absolutely no effect upon the actual di
gestion of food.
Dyspepsia In all lt3 forma is simply a
failure of the stomach to digest food and
the sensible way to solve the riddle and
cure the Indigestion Is to make dally use
at meal time ot a safe preparation, which
Is indorsed by the medlcarprofesalon and
known to contain active digestive prin
ciples, and all this can truly be said ot
Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets.
All druggists throughout the United
States, Canada and Great Britain sell
them at the uniform price of '50 cents for
full treatment
jf'
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