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Pages 9 to 16
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PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY- MORNING, ATTEST 18, 1901
VOL. XX.
NO. 33.
( : h
PJZRT TWO j
m$
IS MOST SERIOUS
Strike at San Francisco Af
fects All California,
GREAT SOCIAL DEMORALIZATION
Ten Tcar Will 3fot See the End of
Embarrassments Created by the
Pant Month, of Strife, Saya
Alfred Holman.
The genqral demoralization growing out
of the strike at San Francisco is most se
rious. It affects every interest; and no
matter "what the settlement may be or
how soon now It may come, 10 years tvIII
Jiot see the end of embarrassments created
by the past month of strife nor repair the
material damage incident to It. I will not
undertake to estimate the money damage
in figures, for any such estimate would
be scarcely better than a guess; but it
runs into -many millions and it reaches
through indirect -ways every man, woman
and child in the State of California.
But large as the business damage is
there Is a still larger account against this
f trike based upon the social demoraliza
tion which it has wrought. The temper of
morality and reason does not, I am sad to
say, control at all times in California; and
when there comes a social ferment like
this great .strike there is In the general
public spirit no antidote for the evil pas-
sions which grow out or amerences aim
contentions. If in Oregon or in any other
place where civilization is on a high plane.
there should be a conflict like this be
tween great opposing business and social
forces, there would be general appeal to
the higher considerations connected with
the matter. The press, the platform, the
workingmen's meeting, the social club,
the pulpit, and even the curbstone, would
be considering the rights and the wrongs
of the situation, and in spite of excited
and contending passions there -wpuld be
a pretty general disposition to come to
a settlement upon the basis of equity and
common sense. There is very little of this
spirit In California just now. I hear
scarcely anywhere anything which sounds
like an appeal to anything less positive
than brute force. The strikers are going
to win. so they declare, because they will
leave no alternative for the employing
class but to yield or to suffer the destruc
tion of their business. They will be forced
by their fears, by their interests and by
the pressure of the general public, -who,
though nowise at fault, are suffering
serious hardships. The men will yield,
ray the employers, because their resources
are limited and they must soon be starved
into submission. , On either side there
is the fircest spirit; and it would be
difficult to determine which is least con
trolled by considerations of reason or
morals, or which is least intemperate and
vulgar in expression, the idle longshore
man, lounging in front of a "union" grog
shop, or the usually well-mannered cap
italist, lounging at the most fashionable
club in San Francisco.
There ought to be in a community like
California an element sufficiently poised
and humane and sufficiently strong to -take
this great controversy out of the hands of
immediate partisans and give it the ju
dicial consideration which a great social
and moral problem deserves; and in
truth there is, somewhat out of view,
such an element. But it can find no voice
in San Francisco. There is not there a
newspaper or a pulpit which dares take
up consideration of this great Issue on
the broad lines of reason and humanity.
Ko San Francisco newspaper mentions the
matter in its editorial columns excepting
in diplomatic terms nicely calculated to
avoid irritation on either side. Of dis
cussion in the sense of seeking the prin
ciples Involved, there is none whatever.
A stranger going over the newspaper col
umns presumably devoted to criticism and
opinion, would not discover that there is
anything in San Francisco in the nature
of a conflict between large Interests, or
scarcely a difference of opinion. It Is a
situation in which a vigorous newspaper
like The Oregonian, devoted to the ex
position of principles, disposed fairly to
estimate the rights and wrongs of things,
and with the courage and ability to speak
its mind positively, could do an incalcu
lable service to the city and to the state.
San Francisco has not encouraged a
journalism of this kind it has not in
deed permitted such a journalism to get
a foothold; and it is now suffering the
consequence in a situation which is dam
aging every material interest and de
bauching the social and moral spirit of
the people. An. independent, able and res
olute newspaper, dealing with the public
from the standpoint of established char
acter, -would this past month have been
worth to San Francisco untold millions
of dollars, not to mention its worth to
those higher interests ?nnndent upon
social peace and the co-ordination of social
purposes along lines of reason and hu
manity. I made an effort a day or-two back to
get at the strikers' view of this contro
versy, and to that end talked with a man
of my own trade that of the printer
who, as a general labor organizer, is
taking an active part in the management
of this fight. I found that he not only
knew the ground he was standing on,
but was able to declare it. ''Capital." he
said, "is permitted by the law to organ
ize into corporations and combinations
of corporations, having all the powers
of personality and more, without the re
training and humane spirit of personal
ity. The corporation is an organization
frcm which the personal element Is, in
a sense, eliminated. For its aggressions,
ar.d even its cruelties, nobody is personal
ly responsible. It Is, of course, without
conscience and without sympathies; It
works -with the precision of a machine
and with as little consideration for hu
man feelings or interests. Good people,
liumane people, people of the kindest
spirit and of the most charitable habit,
holding shares in a great corporation,
have only this interest in it, namely, to
get the largest return for their Invest
ment. "Whoever will manage the affairs
of the corporation in a way to yield the
biggest dividends is accounted the best
man for the business. It follows, of
course, that the man -who is least gen
erous and considerate, who can drive
the hazdest and meanest bargain, and
who most successfully grinds the face of
the poor, whose labor he employs, gets
finally In command of the average cor
poration. Now," lay friend went on, "our j
contention Is that labor has the same
right of combination and of dealing Im
personally with co-ordinated powers that
capital has. Denial of these rights and
neglect of the opportunity which combina
tion affords would soon reduce labor in
this country to the level of labor in the
most despotic countries of the older
world. And, having the right of organ
ization, and lying under the duty of self
protection for ourselves and our fam
ilies, we have the right to make organiza
tion effective."
"Do you claim," I asked, "that it is
your right to prevent men not affiliated
with your unions -from taking up the
labor which you decline, and from pro
ceeding to work upon their own con
tract? By what assumption of right do
you resent the action of government In
protecting Ihese .nonunion men in their
purpose to labor upon terms of their own
making? Can you conceive of organized
society bs existing or having the right to
exist If it cannot protect Its humblest
citizen in so simple and primary a right
as that of laboring upon its own con
tract?" The answer was prompt, though eva
sive. T presume," he said, "that from
the standpoint of our present social and
political organization it must be conced
ed as a legal obligation of organized so
ciety to protect every man in the right
to work. But, on the other hand, we
have a right Independent of social or po
litical traditions or regulatlqns, a right
which God gives to all his creatures, to
do the things essential to our decent social
and jnoral welfare. Tou will- admit, I
think, the legal and moral right of the
workingman to organize; and, admitting
so much, you must further consent that
the right to organize implies the moral
right to make organization effective. As
matters now stand under the law the
right of the labor union ceases before
the point of effectiveness Is reached, be
cause, should the striker simply abandon
his -work and make no effort to prevent
another from taking his place, he is cer
tain to be beaten In the struggle. Since
the laws as they stand give to the labor
union no power corresponding to the
power which it gives the corporation, 1
claim that the labor union has the moral
right to employ such force as its just
purposes may require, even though it
may go outside and beyond the law. I
hold that our people have not only the
right under the broad rule of universal
justice to persuade other men. not to take
the places which they have abandoned
In a fight for fair treatment, but to use
force and even violence, if force and
violence be essential to equity and jus
tice." I report this expression substantially
as It came to me, because it presents in a
positive and coherent way what appears
to be the spirit of the modern labor union
in Its conflict with capital. It has ap
peared to me Interesting, as illustrating
a mental attitude which does not often
find words to declare itself; and I must
confess to some instinctive sympathy with
the attempted justification even of those
methods of protest plainly outside the
lines of law, and even of social order. In
deed, there seems to be something in it.
The right of labor to organize if it Is to
signify anything in a practical way must
carry with it the privilege of making or
ganization effective; and If this may not
be done by the simple methods of quitting
work, then the Interests of society and
the interests of human progress call for
some rearrangement of the laws. If we
are to eliminate rom the operations of
industry on. the employing side the fac
tors of personal responsibility and sym
pathy, we must somehow make a cor
responding allowance in the Interest df
the man vwho earns his bread in the
sweat of his face.
Among the Incidental features of this
great strike is the change it Is bound to
make in California respecting the law
restricting Chinese immigration, now soon
to expire, and for which Congress at its
coming session will be asked to provide
a substitute. The assumption all along
has been that a new restriction law would
be provided as a matter of course, since
a Republican Congress would naturally
wish to conciliate California sentiment;
and as regards California sentiment there
has until now been no serious question.
But the strike has made, and is making,
an extraordinary change in .public opin
ion. The employing class in' San Fran
cisco, which has stood in a general at
titude of complaisance toward the issue
of Chinese restriction. Is now turning to
another attitude. "If labor is going to
turn against us," they say; "if it is to
take under Its management the conditions
which control our business, then let us
get a body of worklngmen who do not
affiliate with the trade union, and who,
on the other hand, may at all times be
depended upon for the purposes of in
dustry and business." The farmer, too,
and especially the fruitgrower, takes
something the same view of the situation,
for, like his neighbor of the world of
trade, he Is a serious sufferer from the
present situation. This leaves the labor
ing class the class with whom the China
man comes in immediate and direct con
flictas the only social factor seriously
and aggressively In opposition, to Chinese
immigration. And under these conditions
the general question of Chinese immigra
tion takes on a new aspect. In times
gone by the East has been passive and,
as represented by the Republican party,
has been disposed to let California have
her way in this matter; but under the
new condition of universal desire for the
open door in China, and under a rising
sense of world-wide, as distinct from
purely home-keeping policies, we are like
ly to encounter another spjrit In this im
portant matter. "With California senti
ment divided it may not be so easy to
get a new restriction law as has gen
erally been supposed. My own judgment
is that this great strike, especially if it
shall continue a few weeks longer, will
revolutionize the politically effective sen
timent of the state, take it out of its
traditional anti-Chinese attitude, and ar
ray It in opposition to all restrictive pro
posals. Another minor fact is worth attention,
especially In view of the undetermined
status of the Filipino people. Within the
past year or two there has drifted to Cali
fornia in one casual way or another a
few hundred Filipinos, mostly sailors and
ship laborers. When the strike began
they were naturally In a position to re
lieveto the extent of their numbers the
embarrassments of employers along the
city front. Their numbers were sufficient
to demand attention from the strike lead
ers. Overtures were made to them to join
In the movement for trade unionism, but
the thing "was beyond their conception
and wholly outside of the lines of their ln
terest as they understood it. To a man
they declined affiliation with the union,
and were among the first to take the
places vacated by strikers; and they have
been an important factor in the loading
and unloading of ships and in the fitting
out of crews. Pretty much all of them
have now gone to sea, taking the places
of striking sailors, coal passers, etc. The
Incident has not passed unnoticed, and
among the employers there are many
who assert that In the possession of the
Philippine Islands, with their large force
of available, docile and low-priced labor,
the means Is at hand for crushing out
the spirit of the trade union, and of re
ducing the class now seeking to enforce
the cause of labor to a condition of im
potence. The circumstance is interesting,
to say the least. A. H.
Saa Jose, CaL, Aug. 14, 190L
HE TALKS TOO MUCH
German Papers Criticise Von
Waldersee's Remarks.
HIS SLUR ON GREAT BRITAIN
Inference Dra-wn Front His Speeches
Is That He Hopes to Become
Connt von Bnlovr's Succes
sor as Chancellor. .
BERLIN, Aug. 17. Since the funeral of
the Dowager Empress Frederick this has
been Field Marshal Count von Walder
see's week. Immediately after the inter
ment of the remains, a chorus of criti
cisms of "Von "Waldersee broke forth in
the press, owing to his speech at Han
over, etc. Papers of the most different
shades are weary of Von "Waldersee's
talkativeness, which is regarded as not
only in bad taste, in the allusion to other
nations whose "names pale in China,"
but as magnifying the Chinese' campaign
i&Tf beyond its actual importance. It Is
a curious fact that many papers are
discussing which nation Von Waldersee
meant as the one whose name paled.
They agree that it could only have been
Great .Britain. Indeed, the reference is
regarded as being so direct as to be
Impolitic. The Anglophobe papers, how
ever, rejoice that "Von "Waldersee "ex
pressed himself frankly." Even these pa
pers advise him to "speak briefly or not
at all."
One of the most interesting inferences
drawn from Waldersee's speeches Is that
he hopes to become Count von Bulow's
successor as Chancellor. This Is widely
believed, but anyone who saw how bent
and weary Von Waldersee looked in the
funeral procession cannot credit the
story.
One of the sharpest criticisms of Von
Waldersee comes from the Cologne Volks
Zeltung, a leading Centrist organ, which
compares him to Dr. von Miquel, the ex
Mlnlster, and refers to him as "playing
the Jole of a secret genen-kanzler (antl-
ChtScellor). The paper aski whether
Von Bulow regards It in Germany's in
terest that Von Waldersee should make
such speeches, adding:
"If things go on In this manner it
will be impossible to maintain Ger
many's policy at all. It a zigzag course
is bad enough in international politics,
much more must many cooks spoil the
broth in diplomatic affairs."
The article closes sharply as follows:
"Either the nation will have to accept
the Chancellorship of Von Waldersee or
he must stop talking."
The Hamburger Nachrichten (National
Liberal) disposes of Von Waldersee rather
savagely. It says: .
"His Hanover speech by no means
shows his fitness for the Chancellorship.
It is unstatesmanllke for him to boast
of diplomatic achievements in China in
a form directly wounding to other na
tions." The National Liberal papers criticise
the speech unfavorably. The Municher
Allgemeine Zeltung says it Is tactless,
and the National Zeltung refers to its
"vainglorious challenging tone."
The Conservatives defend Von Walder
see's utterances, but the Berlin Neuste
Nachrichten does so clumsily, by plead
ing it was a "confidential, informal and
wholly extempore speech."
The various t old soldiers' societies are
planning Von ' Waldersee celebrations.
The tariff bill continues to be discussed
In a lively manner. The most interesting
event this week in connection with the
tariff agitation was the declaration of the
Central Association against maximal and
minimal duty on cereals. The declaration
so enraged the Kreuz Zeitung that the
paper threatened that the Agrarians
would vote to abolish the Iron duties,
which are most oppressive to agriculture,
and then to wipe out' all protection on
manufactured goods. The Deutsch Tages
Zeltung, a leading Agrarian organ, ap
plauds the Kreuz Zeltung"s threat. The
general secretary of the association, Herr
Burck, publishes a long reply support
ing the association's opposition to the
double system of duties, since it is a
"hindrance to commercial treaties, which
Is a life or death question for manufac
turers." The above controversy seems to
protend a breech between the manufac
turers and Agrarians, which may have
decisive influence upon the tariff legisla
tion. The Hamburg-American line has sold
the steamers Palatla and Phoenicia. They
will be replaced soon by others which
are in course of construction.
Andrew D. White, the United States
Ambassador, .this morning went to Sass
nltz. '
Various papers discuss the South Amer
ican troubles. The Post this morning,
referring to the steps contemplated by
Germany, -says:
"The Imperial Government, of course,
has no intention of mixing itself up in
American quarrels, for Germany has po
litical interests there to defend. On the
other hand, the important financial and
business interests of German subjects de-
Officials of Portland
'-. Oar.nival,
'; 1-901.
kWVPWM''h I
i tHWi'Tlsi 'wS -A 1
With such representative business men as the
above at Its head, tho Portland Carnival of
1001 Is already an assured success. General
Summers Is pushing- the enterprlso with the
same energy he disDlayed while in the field,
and Is ably seconded by a large and carefully
selected committee.
mand adequate protection, which the
government will give."
Official circles here admitted to the cor
respondent of' the Associated Press to
day that the Post's utterances on the
subject of. Germany's South American
policy were inspired, emphasizing the fact
that the authorities at Washington' were
fully informed as to Germany's . inten
tions and were satisfied therewith.
The Lokal Anzeiger today confirms the
report that Germany intends to establish
a colonial army.
Emperor William has made Charles
Salnt-Saens, the French composer of
music, a foreign Knight of the Order of
Pour le Merite.
FIGHTING IN CAMARINES.
Brother of General Angels Killed in
a Skirmish.
MANILA, Aug. 17. A company of the
Twenty-sixth Infantry had an engage
ment with Insurgents yesterday in Cama
rines Province. The troops killed Zc
bastean Angels, a brother of General An
gels, and six privates and captured a Ma
jor, two Captains and nine privates. An
other detachment captured Magazln Ca
balles, at Lumbang, and also seized a
large quantity of supplies.
Civil Governor Taft and the Phil
ippine Commission were enthusiastic
ally received at VIgan, Province of
South Ilocos, today. A Governor for
vthe province and other officials were ap
pointed. The commission will reach the
Province of Benguet tomorrow. The Com
missioners were agreeably surprised at
the advancement shown in the places vis
ited. Ohnpellc Finishes His Work.
NEW YORK, Aug. 17. According to
the latest advices from Rome, Archbishop
Chapelle has been dircharged from all
his functions as apostolic delegate to
Cuba and the Philippines, except the ex
planation of portions of his report to' the
Roman congregations having charge of
the matter Involved, says a Washington
special to the World. He will shortly fol
low Cardinal Gibbons to this country and
take up the duties of his archeplscopate
see of New Orleans. It Is not thought
probable that another apostolic delegate
will be appointed at this time. Further
negotiations will be conducted through
the archbishops of Santiago and Manila
and Bishop SbarrettI of Havana.
Greely Goes to Yokohama.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 17. Colonel Dun
woody, Acting Chief Signal Officer, re
ceived a cablegram today from General
Greely, in the Philippines, stating that he
would leave for Yokohama tomorrow.
AN ERROR WAS MADE
Davis Is Short instead of the
State Owing Him.
AMOUNT IS NEARLY $310,00
It Is Evident If the State Gets Any
Part of the Money It Will Only
Be After Every Possible
Defense Has Failed.
SALEM, Aug. 17. The attorneys inter
ested in the suit on the bond of George
W. Davis, ex-clerk of the School Land
Board, today examined the stipulation
filed by them on August 1, and found that
it contained the errors indicated in to
day's Oregonian. The figures will be cor
rected so as to show that Davis was
short In Ills accounts nearly $31,00. in-
stead of ahead $29,000, as stated in the
stipulation. As stated In yesterday's cor-
I respondence, it was intended that the
OUyUIUUUHS 8I1UU1U SHOW it. SULUlUgU i-lll
accordance with the facts.
i ' a.
STATEHAS A HARD JOB ON HAJgM
win not uer xuoney unin .tuyery
Possible Defense Has Failed.'
SALEM, Aug. 17. It Is evident that no
one will repay any part of the $30,000
taken from the school fund by ex-Clerk
George W. Davis, unless such payment
be decreed after every possible defense
has failed. Attorney-General Blackburn
has proceeded against every person who
could, by any construction of the law, be
held accountable, and now has two suits
pending in the Circuit Court of Marion
County. One suit is against Davis and his
bondsmen, George G. Bingham and E. P.
McCormick, and the other is against the
men who constituted the School Land
Board at the time the defalcation oc
curred. The second suit is for the whole
amount of th defalcation, $30,932 08,
while the former is for only the amount
of the bond, $5000.
Attorney-General Blackburn takes the
ground that Governor Pennoyer, Secre
tary of State McBride and Treasurer
Metschan were trustees of an express
trust, under section five of article eight,
of the State Constitution, which says:
"The Governor, Secretary of State and
State Treasurer shall constitute a board
of commissioners for the sale of school
and university lands, and for the invest
ment of the funds arising therefrom, and
their powers and duties shafl be such as
may be prescribed by law."
The contention of the Attorney-General
is that the Legislature cannot re
lieve the board from the respon
sibility of caring for the trust
funds, and it was its duty to see
that every dollar of the school funds
was properly accounted for. The mem
bers of the board allege, however, that
since the Legislature authorized them to
appoint a clerk whose duty it should be
to receive the moneys and pay the same
over to the Treasurer, the board was
thereby relieved from responsibility. It
is in pursuance of his construction of the
constitution that Blackburn makes the
following allegation In his complaint
against the board:
"That these defendants (Pennoyer, McBride-
and Metschan) as the Board of
Commissioners as aforesaid, were the
legal .managers of these funds and that,
until the same were paid over to the State
Treasurer, as required by law, they were
at all times in the care, custody and con
trol of these defendants, and that said
defendants were with respect to said
funds the trustees of an express trust,
and that said defendants, as such board,
wholly .neglected and failed to discharge
their duty as such board, and did not
require and compel the said George W.
Davis to pay over to the State Treasurer
the funds paid to him as the clerk of
said board immediately after the receipt
thereof by him. And that they were neg
ligent and did not perform their legal
duties and did not carefully, or at all,
examine the books and papers of said
Davis, and require all money collecte'd
by said Davis to be paid over to the
Treasurer as required by law, and per
mitted said Davis, by reason of such
negligence, to retain and use the same,
and that by reason of such neglect of
duty and failure to perform their duties
and the trust reposed in them, they per
mitted the said" Davis to appropriate to
his own use the money not paid over to
the State Treasurer, and the same was
lost to the school fund of the state."
The members of the Pennoyer board
also allege that the six-year limitation
within which" such an action can be
brought has expired, and therefore the
state has no remedy, whatever their lia
bilities might have been. If the Attorney-General
.should succeed in his con
tention that the members of the board
were trustees of an express trust, he will
thus avoid the running of the statute of
limitations.
The Legislature of 1S95 appointed an
Investigating committee to examine the
books of the StateLand- Office, and this
committee reported that after a thorough
examination the books had been found
correct and all moneys accounted for.
Both the members of the board and the
bondsmen ' allege that this amounts to J
an agreement by the state with them that
all their liabilities to the state had been
performed up to that date, and the adop
tion of this report is now binding upon
the state. Upon this point the Attorney
General alleges in his complaint against
the board:
"But plaintiff alleges that this report
was not true In fact. In this: That the
cash accounts were not absolutely or at
all correct, nor were all the moneys ac
counted for, and. If the credits In the
ledger of said board appeared therein
as they appear today, they did not appear
to be, nor were they identical with the
duplicates thereof on file In the office
of the Secretary of State; but plaintiff
alleges the fact to be that, either by
false or fraudulent statements and rep
resentations that moneys had been paid
over to the State Treasurer, for which
no receipt had at that time been Issued,
when in truth, and in fact, no such pay
ments had been made to the said State
Treasurer; or by falsely and fraudulent
ly representing and stating to said com
mittee that the money with which said
board was chargeable was then in the
possession of said board, and wbuld be
paid over to said State Treasurer when,
in truth and In fact, such moneys were
not then in the possession of said board,
and said committee being thus fraudu
lently persuaded to rely and relying
upon such statements as true, made, as
It did, the report hereinbefore referred
to."
It will be noticed that while fraud is
charged there is no allegation as to who
perpetrated the fraud. The defendants
In the suits will, of course, deny any
responsibility for frauds by any person
except themselves. It Is not charged that
they were parties to the fraud.
The statute of limitations promises to
be one of the strong defenses in both of
the cases. It is charged in the com
plaint against the board that the defalca
tions occurred In July, August, Septem
ber, October, November and December,
1S94, and six years elapsed since that
time on January 1. 1901. The defalcation
wak not discovered until the middle of
February, 1901. Davis went out of office
July 31, 1S93, and six years had elapsed
since that time on August 1, 1901. The
suit against the board was not begun
until August 9, so that unless the Attorney-General
succeeds In establishing
that the members of the board were trus
tees of an express trust, it would seem
that the defendants have a good defense
in the statute of limitations.
So far as the bondsmen are concerned,
ITEMS.
rss.
$ 3,000 CO
Current expenses
Board of County Commissioners
Circuit Court ,
County Court
" 2,500 00
720 00
1.000 001
Justice Court, East Portland ,
Justice CourC. West Portland
Justice Court, Multnomah
Municipal Court
County jail ......
(Armory
3,500 00
2,500 00!
nerm s omce
County Becorder
County Assessor ,
5,000 00,
County Treasurer
Clerk of County Court...."
2,500 00
3,500 00
Clerk of Circuit Court
County Auditor
County School Superintendent....
2,000 00
County Coroner
Indigent soldiers
Insane
Poor Farm
k.fGharity .,
JWStatlonery-i...- '.
I -.rtT.I-.rSectlon; corners ....cT...
pisfrteVAttorney .vf....
2.361 SSfRegistritlon l.z.:.V.i ...-.i.
10.4SP 89tElectlon-eiMBS4 -."?-:?...
S.oOO'OOfAlblna ferry .... ..r:
, JBurnslde bridge ...V..
Morrison bridge i
57,600 OOiMadison bridge
6.82S 72Steel bridge .m..
22,500 OOlColIection taxes j...
12,000 CORebate penalty ,
jMIIItary expense
."
nuaua iuiu. uuug ;.,.
69,115 70 Road districts
jRoad districts. County Surveyor,
the facts are the same as to dates. It
has been stipulated with them that the
shortage occurred in 1S94, so the main
question Is whether the undertaking given
by them outlaws in six years or 10 years.
The view the bondsmen take, as may be
inferred from' the stipulation, Is that the
undertaking given by them is not such
a bond as comes under the head of
"sealed Instruments." upon which the
statute runs 10 years. The Davis bond
is. In fact, a sealed Instrument, but the
contention evidently Is that the seals are
not required to be affixed and therefore
they do not make the undertaking a
"sealed instrument" in contemplation of
law. The statute requires "undertak
ings," which are commonly called
ybonds," and no seal is expressly re
quired. ECUMENICAL CONFERENCE.
Representative Methodlxts "Will At
tend the London Meeting?.
NEW YORK, Aug. 17. Representative
Methodists of the North, South and Can
ada are sailing from this port this week
and next to attend the Methodist ecumen
ical conference, which is to assemble In
City Road Chapel, London, September 4.
Among the delegates are the Rev. Dr. Ho
mer Eaton, of the Book Concern; the
Rev. Dr. S. J. Herben, of the Christian
Advocate; Rev. Dr. W. I. Haven, of the
American Bible Society: Rev. Dr. Leonard,
of the Missionary Society; Rev. Dr. M.
King, of the Extension Society; Rev. Dr.
E. E. Mills, of the Twentieth Century
$20,000,000 Fund; Bishop Hurst, of the
American University, Washington, and
President Goucher, of the Woman's Col
lege, Baltimore.
Methodists of the world have met twice
before, the first time In London, the sec
ond time in Washington. Bishop Gallo
way, of the Church South, is to preach
the opening sermon of the approaching
conference. Topics to be discussed In
clude some of the vital ones in Method
ism and In Chrstianity. Among them are:
"Biblical Criticism and the Christian
Faith," "Christianity and Modern Unbe
lief," "Is Methodism Retaining Its Spir
itual Vitality?", "The Neglect of Fam
ilv Religion and Worship," "Modern In
differentlsm," "Practical Methods of Deal
ing With the Liquor Traffla," "Perils of
Increasing Wealth and Luxury." "Prin
ciples of Protestantism vs. Modern Sacer
dotalism." The sessions of this world conference
will continue until September 15.
Xo - Duty Fnld on the Jewels.
NEW YORK, Aug. 17. After a careful
search of the records, the local customs
officials of this city have been unable to
ascertain whether or not the jeweled chain
possessed by Mrs. W. E.D. Stokes when
she returned from abroad on the Oceanic
recently, ever paid duty in this country.
As a result, Mrs. Stokes will probably
avail herself of a clause in the law which
will allow her to send the chain back to
Europe, there to be dismounted by the
maker. The chain will then be reimported,
and in dismounted state will pay duty at
10 per cent on the diamonds, 20 per cent
on the pearls, and 60 per cent on the
setting. Intact, the chain would call for
an even duty of 60 per cent on each of
the Items mentioned. The value of the
chain Is .about $3100. Mrs. ,Stokes Is ac
quitted of any attempt to defraud the au
thorities. On her last trip from Europe
she brought In a quantity of costly ap-
nnrol loxvolrv anff trlnkpts nn tffhJnh she
paid duties amounting to $2S0
SAVING TO COUNTY
Decrease in Expense for Six
Months Ending June 30,
TOTAL AMOUNT OVER $85,000
Good Resnlts in the Circuit Conrt-
Jurors' Fees Show u. BIr Fall
ing Off Outlook for the Sec
ond Half of the Year.
In the six months ended June 30 tho
expenses of Multnomah County were les
sened $85,296 25, compared with the eorre
spondlng period in 1900. Road expenses
wero lessened $20,116 15. The total sav
ing was JS3.442 40.
This Is the result of the efforts of tho
Taxpayers' League, which for two years
has been keeping tab on the manage
ment of county affairs. The league In
January submitted to the County Com
missioners an estimate showing that
$142,000 could be saved in the general ex
penses of the county, in 1901. and In road
work about $69,000. The Commissioners
were requested to make the levy on that
basis. Many of the reductions are not
the result of savings In administration,
but of exceptional expenses Incurred lit
1900. However, several departments show
material decreases. Last year Madison
street bridge was rebuilt and the collision,
of the big steamer Almond Branch with,
the Morrison-street bridge caused an,
unusual expense to the county.
The report of County Auditor Pope for
the six month? ended June 30 has been
published, and the league has made com
parisons to ascertain how the county's
affairs stand. The following k table
shows where the savings were made. The
departments where expenses have In
creased are noted also:
3
so
a S"
B
2
3
OS
a
3
35"
it
1 3
$ 50S 66
$ 6.S4S 16
$ 438 19
2.239 79
3,914 47
S.11Q 08
2.442 30'
9SS0
226 97
163 67
2.065 13f
2,497 7K$317 354.
16 75
165 10
156 3S
564 m
1.926 57
3,229 02;
2.960 70
6.232 301
2.525 40
1,986 12
47 ML
926 SSL
30SS5
4.S40 sa
6,067 9a
1,140 79j
212 32
873
1,032 92
5.302 17
S 401 SO
M m 6.
6.756 261
t 2.4il 70
162 501 2.
153 001
33S W
J.2S 30
202 82
127 85
1.0S'
55 COL 2S6
509 93 7.471 &
r 1.27S ff
j 704 3!
4
1.963
fvu IV ... ...... f 41M Ci5BJU....t.
57 nrf ".. . . r I F
87 77 ...-... .......&
::::::r
......... 12 301 21 SOT T '
Z,Z4I 1 S.&0
235 W I 2S,I
241 SOf 3.7S7 841
17 13 2.DS5 27
7,438 SO 9.972 78
3r.52111 2.731 6$
213 SO 3.507 79
14.650 32 11.910 90
Jd,suf za 729 63
bo 001
2.9a6 S2... 4.139 ZO
20.027 731 26,986 69
1 2.S38 40 2.83S 40
Circuit Court expenses for the first six
months of this year show that a con
sistent and steady effort has been made
on behalf of the taxpayers. Tha total
estimate of savings In this department
was $2500, while the actual saving has al
ready reached $3911 47. The last half of
the year will make as good a showing,
as there are certain large fixed charges
which can be materially lowered.
The expenses of the Clerk of the County
Court increased quite largely, while there
was a decrease of $404 SO In Income. Tho
Income from the office of Clerk of the
Circuit Court fell off $2491 70, with a
slight increase of expense. The cost of
tax collecting was Increased somewhat
beyond the estimate, by the roll now be
ing made under the law passed -at tho
1901 session of the Legislature. Still it
shows a reduction of $14,630 32.
One of the most serious objections urged
against the former method of doing
county business was the practice of Is
suing warrants in excess of the amount
authorized by the levy. The league rec
ommended a one-mill tax for road pur-
I pdses, and that expenditures be kept
within the amount raised thereby. A levy
of 1& mills was made. This should pro
duce, with the cash on hand, $51,320 65.
In the first half of the year $33,964 50 wa3
expended. This leaves $17,350 06 for tho
second half.
In the opinion of officers of the league-,
nothing Is gained by making a low levy
and creating a deficiency to be met by
the issuance of interest-bearing warrants.
It is far better, they say, to levy the
tax, so that the taxpayer may know what
the cost is going to be.
The latter half of the year will fsr
nlsh a better test than has yet been had
of the working of some of the new laws.
The offices of Assessor and Coroner will
show large savings for the second half
of the year. The Assessor, in particular,
has had much work to do, for which tho
county will have to pay. The league Is
satisfied that under the operation of tho
Auditor's bill, by the present County Au
ditor, savings must result, but that laws
cannot do it all. The County Court is
the body on which the responsibility
largely rests. The Commissioners have
the power, and the county business 13
in their hands. The estimate of the league
of the Income from other sources than
the levy and the actual figures are com
pared;
"Estimate
for year.
Costs collected $ 3.605 15
Poll tax 741 00
Delinquent taxes 25,310 18
Paupers 439 SO
Liquor licenses 1.300 00
Miscellaneous 1.336 40
Collection,
first half.
$ 4.623 15
2.7OT0O
27,466 26
M3 60
sooeo
724 tS
Totals $32,732 53 $36,474 85
These figures show that the Income of
the county, from sources other than taxes
will be large for 1901, so the county ought
not only to keep within the levy this
year, but also wipe out part of Its debt.
The league Is convinced that consider
able savings can be made In several de
partments. These conclusions are reached
as a result of the reports of experts,
comparisons made between county and
city departments, and of more than two
years' study of county affairs. The Cir
cuit Courts are a striking example of
what cm be done, and these departments
will do still better In the present half
year. Under the new regulations, jurors
fees alone have decreased from $11,667 10
for the year ending June 30, 1S99. to
$3518 25 for the year ending June 30, 190L