Jitttto a ) Pages 9 to 16 u PORTLAND, OREGON, SUNDAY- MORNING, ATTEST 18, 1901 VOL. XX. NO. 33. ( : h PJZRT TWO j m$ IS MOST SERIOUS Strike at San Francisco Af fects All California, GREAT SOCIAL DEMORALIZATION Ten Tcar Will 3fot See the End of Embarrassments Created by the Pant Month, of Strife, Saya Alfred Holman. The genqral demoralization growing out of the strike at San Francisco is most se rious. It affects every interest; and no matter "what the settlement may be or how soon now It may come, 10 years tvIII Jiot see the end of embarrassments created by the past month of strife nor repair the material damage incident to It. I will not undertake to estimate the money damage in figures, for any such estimate would be scarcely better than a guess; but it runs into -many millions and it reaches through indirect -ways every man, woman and child in the State of California. But large as the business damage is there Is a still larger account against this f trike based upon the social demoraliza tion which it has wrought. The temper of morality and reason does not, I am sad to say, control at all times in California; and when there comes a social ferment like this great .strike there is In the general public spirit no antidote for the evil pas- sions which grow out or amerences aim contentions. If in Oregon or in any other place where civilization is on a high plane. there should be a conflict like this be tween great opposing business and social forces, there would be general appeal to the higher considerations connected with the matter. The press, the platform, the workingmen's meeting, the social club, the pulpit, and even the curbstone, would be considering the rights and the wrongs of the situation, and in spite of excited and contending passions there -wpuld be a pretty general disposition to come to a settlement upon the basis of equity and common sense. There is very little of this spirit In California just now. I hear scarcely anywhere anything which sounds like an appeal to anything less positive than brute force. The strikers are going to win. so they declare, because they will leave no alternative for the employing class but to yield or to suffer the destruc tion of their business. They will be forced by their fears, by their interests and by the pressure of the general public, -who, though nowise at fault, are suffering serious hardships. The men will yield, ray the employers, because their resources are limited and they must soon be starved into submission. , On either side there is the fircest spirit; and it would be difficult to determine which is least con trolled by considerations of reason or morals, or which is least intemperate and vulgar in expression, the idle longshore man, lounging in front of a "union" grog shop, or the usually well-mannered cap italist, lounging at the most fashionable club in San Francisco. There ought to be in a community like California an element sufficiently poised and humane and sufficiently strong to -take this great controversy out of the hands of immediate partisans and give it the ju dicial consideration which a great social and moral problem deserves; and in truth there is, somewhat out of view, such an element. But it can find no voice in San Francisco. There is not there a newspaper or a pulpit which dares take up consideration of this great Issue on the broad lines of reason and humanity. Ko San Francisco newspaper mentions the matter in its editorial columns excepting in diplomatic terms nicely calculated to avoid irritation on either side. Of dis cussion in the sense of seeking the prin ciples Involved, there is none whatever. A stranger going over the newspaper col umns presumably devoted to criticism and opinion, would not discover that there is anything in San Francisco in the nature of a conflict between large Interests, or scarcely a difference of opinion. It Is a situation in which a vigorous newspaper like The Oregonian, devoted to the ex position of principles, disposed fairly to estimate the rights and wrongs of things, and with the courage and ability to speak its mind positively, could do an incalcu lable service to the city and to the state. San Francisco has not encouraged a journalism of this kind it has not in deed permitted such a journalism to get a foothold; and it is now suffering the consequence in a situation which is dam aging every material interest and de bauching the social and moral spirit of the people. An. independent, able and res olute newspaper, dealing with the public from the standpoint of established char acter, -would this past month have been worth to San Francisco untold millions of dollars, not to mention its worth to those higher interests ?nnndent upon social peace and the co-ordination of social purposes along lines of reason and hu manity. I made an effort a day or-two back to get at the strikers' view of this contro versy, and to that end talked with a man of my own trade that of the printer who, as a general labor organizer, is taking an active part in the management of this fight. I found that he not only knew the ground he was standing on, but was able to declare it. ''Capital." he said, "is permitted by the law to organ ize into corporations and combinations of corporations, having all the powers of personality and more, without the re training and humane spirit of personal ity. The corporation is an organization frcm which the personal element Is, in a sense, eliminated. For its aggressions, ar.d even its cruelties, nobody is personal ly responsible. It Is, of course, without conscience and without sympathies; It works -with the precision of a machine and with as little consideration for hu man feelings or interests. Good people, liumane people, people of the kindest spirit and of the most charitable habit, holding shares in a great corporation, have only this interest in it, namely, to get the largest return for their Invest ment. "Whoever will manage the affairs of the corporation in a way to yield the biggest dividends is accounted the best man for the business. It follows, of course, that the man -who is least gen erous and considerate, who can drive the hazdest and meanest bargain, and who most successfully grinds the face of the poor, whose labor he employs, gets finally In command of the average cor poration. Now," lay friend went on, "our j contention Is that labor has the same right of combination and of dealing Im personally with co-ordinated powers that capital has. Denial of these rights and neglect of the opportunity which combina tion affords would soon reduce labor in this country to the level of labor in the most despotic countries of the older world. And, having the right of organ ization, and lying under the duty of self protection for ourselves and our fam ilies, we have the right to make organiza tion effective." "Do you claim," I asked, "that it is your right to prevent men not affiliated with your unions -from taking up the labor which you decline, and from pro ceeding to work upon their own con tract? By what assumption of right do you resent the action of government In protecting Ihese .nonunion men in their purpose to labor upon terms of their own making? Can you conceive of organized society bs existing or having the right to exist If it cannot protect Its humblest citizen in so simple and primary a right as that of laboring upon its own con tract?" The answer was prompt, though eva sive. T presume," he said, "that from the standpoint of our present social and political organization it must be conced ed as a legal obligation of organized so ciety to protect every man in the right to work. But, on the other hand, we have a right Independent of social or po litical traditions or regulatlqns, a right which God gives to all his creatures, to do the things essential to our decent social and jnoral welfare. Tou will- admit, I think, the legal and moral right of the workingman to organize; and, admitting so much, you must further consent that the right to organize implies the moral right to make organization effective. As matters now stand under the law the right of the labor union ceases before the point of effectiveness Is reached, be cause, should the striker simply abandon his -work and make no effort to prevent another from taking his place, he is cer tain to be beaten In the struggle. Since the laws as they stand give to the labor union no power corresponding to the power which it gives the corporation, 1 claim that the labor union has the moral right to employ such force as its just purposes may require, even though it may go outside and beyond the law. I hold that our people have not only the right under the broad rule of universal justice to persuade other men. not to take the places which they have abandoned In a fight for fair treatment, but to use force and even violence, if force and violence be essential to equity and jus tice." I report this expression substantially as It came to me, because it presents in a positive and coherent way what appears to be the spirit of the modern labor union in Its conflict with capital. It has ap peared to me Interesting, as illustrating a mental attitude which does not often find words to declare itself; and I must confess to some instinctive sympathy with the attempted justification even of those methods of protest plainly outside the lines of law, and even of social order. In deed, there seems to be something in it. The right of labor to organize if it Is to signify anything in a practical way must carry with it the privilege of making or ganization effective; and If this may not be done by the simple methods of quitting work, then the Interests of society and the interests of human progress call for some rearrangement of the laws. If we are to eliminate rom the operations of industry on. the employing side the fac tors of personal responsibility and sym pathy, we must somehow make a cor responding allowance in the Interest df the man vwho earns his bread in the sweat of his face. Among the Incidental features of this great strike is the change it Is bound to make in California respecting the law restricting Chinese immigration, now soon to expire, and for which Congress at its coming session will be asked to provide a substitute. The assumption all along has been that a new restriction law would be provided as a matter of course, since a Republican Congress would naturally wish to conciliate California sentiment; and as regards California sentiment there has until now been no serious question. But the strike has made, and is making, an extraordinary change in .public opin ion. The employing class in' San Fran cisco, which has stood in a general at titude of complaisance toward the issue of Chinese restriction. Is now turning to another attitude. "If labor is going to turn against us," they say; "if it is to take under Its management the conditions which control our business, then let us get a body of worklngmen who do not affiliate with the trade union, and who, on the other hand, may at all times be depended upon for the purposes of in dustry and business." The farmer, too, and especially the fruitgrower, takes something the same view of the situation, for, like his neighbor of the world of trade, he Is a serious sufferer from the present situation. This leaves the labor ing class the class with whom the China man comes in immediate and direct con flictas the only social factor seriously and aggressively In opposition, to Chinese immigration. And under these conditions the general question of Chinese immigra tion takes on a new aspect. In times gone by the East has been passive and, as represented by the Republican party, has been disposed to let California have her way in this matter; but under the new condition of universal desire for the open door in China, and under a rising sense of world-wide, as distinct from purely home-keeping policies, we are like ly to encounter another spjrit In this im portant matter. "With California senti ment divided it may not be so easy to get a new restriction law as has gen erally been supposed. My own judgment is that this great strike, especially if it shall continue a few weeks longer, will revolutionize the politically effective sen timent of the state, take it out of its traditional anti-Chinese attitude, and ar ray It in opposition to all restrictive pro posals. Another minor fact is worth attention, especially In view of the undetermined status of the Filipino people. Within the past year or two there has drifted to Cali fornia in one casual way or another a few hundred Filipinos, mostly sailors and ship laborers. When the strike began they were naturally In a position to re lieveto the extent of their numbers the embarrassments of employers along the city front. Their numbers were sufficient to demand attention from the strike lead ers. Overtures were made to them to join In the movement for trade unionism, but the thing "was beyond their conception and wholly outside of the lines of their ln terest as they understood it. To a man they declined affiliation with the union, and were among the first to take the places vacated by strikers; and they have been an important factor in the loading and unloading of ships and in the fitting out of crews. Pretty much all of them have now gone to sea, taking the places of striking sailors, coal passers, etc. The Incident has not passed unnoticed, and among the employers there are many who assert that In the possession of the Philippine Islands, with their large force of available, docile and low-priced labor, the means Is at hand for crushing out the spirit of the trade union, and of re ducing the class now seeking to enforce the cause of labor to a condition of im potence. The circumstance is interesting, to say the least. A. H. Saa Jose, CaL, Aug. 14, 190L HE TALKS TOO MUCH German Papers Criticise Von Waldersee's Remarks. HIS SLUR ON GREAT BRITAIN Inference Dra-wn Front His Speeches Is That He Hopes to Become Connt von Bnlovr's Succes sor as Chancellor. . BERLIN, Aug. 17. Since the funeral of the Dowager Empress Frederick this has been Field Marshal Count von Walder see's week. Immediately after the inter ment of the remains, a chorus of criti cisms of "Von "Waldersee broke forth in the press, owing to his speech at Han over, etc. Papers of the most different shades are weary of Von "Waldersee's talkativeness, which is regarded as not only in bad taste, in the allusion to other nations whose "names pale in China," but as magnifying the Chinese' campaign i&Tf beyond its actual importance. It Is a curious fact that many papers are discussing which nation Von Waldersee meant as the one whose name paled. They agree that it could only have been Great .Britain. Indeed, the reference is regarded as being so direct as to be Impolitic. The Anglophobe papers, how ever, rejoice that "Von "Waldersee "ex pressed himself frankly." Even these pa pers advise him to "speak briefly or not at all." One of the most interesting inferences drawn from Waldersee's speeches Is that he hopes to become Count von Bulow's successor as Chancellor. This Is widely believed, but anyone who saw how bent and weary Von Waldersee looked in the funeral procession cannot credit the story. One of the sharpest criticisms of Von Waldersee comes from the Cologne Volks Zeltung, a leading Centrist organ, which compares him to Dr. von Miquel, the ex Mlnlster, and refers to him as "playing the Jole of a secret genen-kanzler (antl- ChtScellor). The paper aski whether Von Bulow regards It in Germany's in terest that Von Waldersee should make such speeches, adding: "If things go on In this manner it will be impossible to maintain Ger many's policy at all. It a zigzag course is bad enough in international politics, much more must many cooks spoil the broth in diplomatic affairs." The article closes sharply as follows: "Either the nation will have to accept the Chancellorship of Von Waldersee or he must stop talking." The Hamburger Nachrichten (National Liberal) disposes of Von Waldersee rather savagely. It says: . "His Hanover speech by no means shows his fitness for the Chancellorship. It is unstatesmanllke for him to boast of diplomatic achievements in China in a form directly wounding to other na tions." The National Liberal papers criticise the speech unfavorably. The Municher Allgemeine Zeltung says it Is tactless, and the National Zeltung refers to its "vainglorious challenging tone." The Conservatives defend Von Walder see's utterances, but the Berlin Neuste Nachrichten does so clumsily, by plead ing it was a "confidential, informal and wholly extempore speech." The various t old soldiers' societies are planning Von ' Waldersee celebrations. The tariff bill continues to be discussed In a lively manner. The most interesting event this week in connection with the tariff agitation was the declaration of the Central Association against maximal and minimal duty on cereals. The declaration so enraged the Kreuz Zeitung that the paper threatened that the Agrarians would vote to abolish the Iron duties, which are most oppressive to agriculture, and then to wipe out' all protection on manufactured goods. The Deutsch Tages Zeltung, a leading Agrarian organ, ap plauds the Kreuz Zeltung"s threat. The general secretary of the association, Herr Burck, publishes a long reply support ing the association's opposition to the double system of duties, since it is a "hindrance to commercial treaties, which Is a life or death question for manufac turers." The above controversy seems to protend a breech between the manufac turers and Agrarians, which may have decisive influence upon the tariff legisla tion. The Hamburg-American line has sold the steamers Palatla and Phoenicia. They will be replaced soon by others which are in course of construction. Andrew D. White, the United States Ambassador, .this morning went to Sass nltz. ' Various papers discuss the South Amer ican troubles. The Post this morning, referring to the steps contemplated by Germany, -says: "The Imperial Government, of course, has no intention of mixing itself up in American quarrels, for Germany has po litical interests there to defend. On the other hand, the important financial and business interests of German subjects de- Officials of Portland '-. Oar.nival, '; 1-901. kWVPWM''h I i tHWi'Tlsi 'wS -A 1 With such representative business men as the above at Its head, tho Portland Carnival of 1001 Is already an assured success. General Summers Is pushing- the enterprlso with the same energy he disDlayed while in the field, and Is ably seconded by a large and carefully selected committee. mand adequate protection, which the government will give." Official circles here admitted to the cor respondent of' the Associated Press to day that the Post's utterances on the subject of. Germany's South American policy were inspired, emphasizing the fact that the authorities at Washington' were fully informed as to Germany's . inten tions and were satisfied therewith. The Lokal Anzeiger today confirms the report that Germany intends to establish a colonial army. Emperor William has made Charles Salnt-Saens, the French composer of music, a foreign Knight of the Order of Pour le Merite. FIGHTING IN CAMARINES. Brother of General Angels Killed in a Skirmish. MANILA, Aug. 17. A company of the Twenty-sixth Infantry had an engage ment with Insurgents yesterday in Cama rines Province. The troops killed Zc bastean Angels, a brother of General An gels, and six privates and captured a Ma jor, two Captains and nine privates. An other detachment captured Magazln Ca balles, at Lumbang, and also seized a large quantity of supplies. Civil Governor Taft and the Phil ippine Commission were enthusiastic ally received at VIgan, Province of South Ilocos, today. A Governor for vthe province and other officials were ap pointed. The commission will reach the Province of Benguet tomorrow. The Com missioners were agreeably surprised at the advancement shown in the places vis ited. Ohnpellc Finishes His Work. NEW YORK, Aug. 17. According to the latest advices from Rome, Archbishop Chapelle has been dircharged from all his functions as apostolic delegate to Cuba and the Philippines, except the ex planation of portions of his report to' the Roman congregations having charge of the matter Involved, says a Washington special to the World. He will shortly fol low Cardinal Gibbons to this country and take up the duties of his archeplscopate see of New Orleans. It Is not thought probable that another apostolic delegate will be appointed at this time. Further negotiations will be conducted through the archbishops of Santiago and Manila and Bishop SbarrettI of Havana. Greely Goes to Yokohama. WASHINGTON, Aug. 17. Colonel Dun woody, Acting Chief Signal Officer, re ceived a cablegram today from General Greely, in the Philippines, stating that he would leave for Yokohama tomorrow. AN ERROR WAS MADE Davis Is Short instead of the State Owing Him. AMOUNT IS NEARLY $310,00 It Is Evident If the State Gets Any Part of the Money It Will Only Be After Every Possible Defense Has Failed. SALEM, Aug. 17. The attorneys inter ested in the suit on the bond of George W. Davis, ex-clerk of the School Land Board, today examined the stipulation filed by them on August 1, and found that it contained the errors indicated in to day's Oregonian. The figures will be cor rected so as to show that Davis was short In Ills accounts nearly $31,00. in- stead of ahead $29,000, as stated in the stipulation. As stated In yesterday's cor- I respondence, it was intended that the OUyUIUUUHS 8I1UU1U SHOW it. SULUlUgU i-lll accordance with the facts. i ' a. STATEHAS A HARD JOB ON HAJgM win not uer xuoney unin .tuyery Possible Defense Has Failed.' SALEM, Aug. 17. It Is evident that no one will repay any part of the $30,000 taken from the school fund by ex-Clerk George W. Davis, unless such payment be decreed after every possible defense has failed. Attorney-General Blackburn has proceeded against every person who could, by any construction of the law, be held accountable, and now has two suits pending in the Circuit Court of Marion County. One suit is against Davis and his bondsmen, George G. Bingham and E. P. McCormick, and the other is against the men who constituted the School Land Board at the time the defalcation oc curred. The second suit is for the whole amount of th defalcation, $30,932 08, while the former is for only the amount of the bond, $5000. Attorney-General Blackburn takes the ground that Governor Pennoyer, Secre tary of State McBride and Treasurer Metschan were trustees of an express trust, under section five of article eight, of the State Constitution, which says: "The Governor, Secretary of State and State Treasurer shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of school and university lands, and for the invest ment of the funds arising therefrom, and their powers and duties shafl be such as may be prescribed by law." The contention of the Attorney-General is that the Legislature cannot re lieve the board from the respon sibility of caring for the trust funds, and it was its duty to see that every dollar of the school funds was properly accounted for. The mem bers of the board allege, however, that since the Legislature authorized them to appoint a clerk whose duty it should be to receive the moneys and pay the same over to the Treasurer, the board was thereby relieved from responsibility. It is in pursuance of his construction of the constitution that Blackburn makes the following allegation In his complaint against the board: "That these defendants (Pennoyer, McBride- and Metschan) as the Board of Commissioners as aforesaid, were the legal .managers of these funds and that, until the same were paid over to the State Treasurer, as required by law, they were at all times in the care, custody and con trol of these defendants, and that said defendants were with respect to said funds the trustees of an express trust, and that said defendants, as such board, wholly .neglected and failed to discharge their duty as such board, and did not require and compel the said George W. Davis to pay over to the State Treasurer the funds paid to him as the clerk of said board immediately after the receipt thereof by him. And that they were neg ligent and did not perform their legal duties and did not carefully, or at all, examine the books and papers of said Davis, and require all money collecte'd by said Davis to be paid over to the Treasurer as required by law, and per mitted said Davis, by reason of such negligence, to retain and use the same, and that by reason of such neglect of duty and failure to perform their duties and the trust reposed in them, they per mitted the said" Davis to appropriate to his own use the money not paid over to the State Treasurer, and the same was lost to the school fund of the state." The members of the Pennoyer board also allege that the six-year limitation within which" such an action can be brought has expired, and therefore the state has no remedy, whatever their lia bilities might have been. If the Attorney-General .should succeed in his con tention that the members of the board were trustees of an express trust, he will thus avoid the running of the statute of limitations. The Legislature of 1S95 appointed an Investigating committee to examine the books of the StateLand- Office, and this committee reported that after a thorough examination the books had been found correct and all moneys accounted for. Both the members of the board and the bondsmen ' allege that this amounts to J an agreement by the state with them that all their liabilities to the state had been performed up to that date, and the adop tion of this report is now binding upon the state. Upon this point the Attorney General alleges in his complaint against the board: "But plaintiff alleges that this report was not true In fact. In this: That the cash accounts were not absolutely or at all correct, nor were all the moneys ac counted for, and. If the credits In the ledger of said board appeared therein as they appear today, they did not appear to be, nor were they identical with the duplicates thereof on file In the office of the Secretary of State; but plaintiff alleges the fact to be that, either by false or fraudulent statements and rep resentations that moneys had been paid over to the State Treasurer, for which no receipt had at that time been Issued, when in truth, and in fact, no such pay ments had been made to the said State Treasurer; or by falsely and fraudulent ly representing and stating to said com mittee that the money with which said board was chargeable was then in the possession of said board, and wbuld be paid over to said State Treasurer when, in truth and In fact, such moneys were not then in the possession of said board, and said committee being thus fraudu lently persuaded to rely and relying upon such statements as true, made, as It did, the report hereinbefore referred to." It will be noticed that while fraud is charged there is no allegation as to who perpetrated the fraud. The defendants In the suits will, of course, deny any responsibility for frauds by any person except themselves. It Is not charged that they were parties to the fraud. The statute of limitations promises to be one of the strong defenses in both of the cases. It is charged in the com plaint against the board that the defalca tions occurred In July, August, Septem ber, October, November and December, 1S94, and six years elapsed since that time on January 1. 1901. The defalcation wak not discovered until the middle of February, 1901. Davis went out of office July 31, 1S93, and six years had elapsed since that time on August 1, 1901. The suit against the board was not begun until August 9, so that unless the Attorney-General succeeds In establishing that the members of the board were trus tees of an express trust, it would seem that the defendants have a good defense in the statute of limitations. So far as the bondsmen are concerned, ITEMS. rss. $ 3,000 CO Current expenses Board of County Commissioners Circuit Court , County Court " 2,500 00 720 00 1.000 001 Justice Court, East Portland , Justice CourC. West Portland Justice Court, Multnomah Municipal Court County jail ...... (Armory 3,500 00 2,500 00! nerm s omce County Becorder County Assessor , 5,000 00, County Treasurer Clerk of County Court...." 2,500 00 3,500 00 Clerk of Circuit Court County Auditor County School Superintendent.... 2,000 00 County Coroner Indigent soldiers Insane Poor Farm k.fGharity ., JWStatlonery-i...- '. I -.rtT.I-.rSectlon; corners ....cT... pisfrteVAttorney .vf.... 2.361 SSfRegistritlon l.z.:.V.i ...-.i. 10.4SP 89tElectlon-eiMBS4 -."?-:?... S.oOO'OOfAlblna ferry .... ..r: , JBurnslde bridge ...V.. Morrison bridge i 57,600 OOiMadison bridge 6.82S 72Steel bridge .m.. 22,500 OOlColIection taxes j... 12,000 CORebate penalty , jMIIItary expense ." nuaua iuiu. uuug ;.,. 69,115 70 Road districts jRoad districts. County Surveyor, the facts are the same as to dates. It has been stipulated with them that the shortage occurred in 1S94, so the main question Is whether the undertaking given by them outlaws in six years or 10 years. The view the bondsmen take, as may be inferred from' the stipulation, Is that the undertaking given by them is not such a bond as comes under the head of "sealed Instruments." upon which the statute runs 10 years. The Davis bond is. In fact, a sealed Instrument, but the contention evidently Is that the seals are not required to be affixed and therefore they do not make the undertaking a "sealed instrument" in contemplation of law. The statute requires "undertak ings," which are commonly called ybonds," and no seal is expressly re quired. ECUMENICAL CONFERENCE. Representative Methodlxts "Will At tend the London Meeting?. NEW YORK, Aug. 17. Representative Methodists of the North, South and Can ada are sailing from this port this week and next to attend the Methodist ecumen ical conference, which is to assemble In City Road Chapel, London, September 4. Among the delegates are the Rev. Dr. Ho mer Eaton, of the Book Concern; the Rev. Dr. S. J. Herben, of the Christian Advocate; Rev. Dr. W. I. Haven, of the American Bible Society: Rev. Dr. Leonard, of the Missionary Society; Rev. Dr. M. King, of the Extension Society; Rev. Dr. E. E. Mills, of the Twentieth Century $20,000,000 Fund; Bishop Hurst, of the American University, Washington, and President Goucher, of the Woman's Col lege, Baltimore. Methodists of the world have met twice before, the first time In London, the sec ond time in Washington. Bishop Gallo way, of the Church South, is to preach the opening sermon of the approaching conference. Topics to be discussed In clude some of the vital ones in Method ism and In Chrstianity. Among them are: "Biblical Criticism and the Christian Faith," "Christianity and Modern Unbe lief," "Is Methodism Retaining Its Spir itual Vitality?", "The Neglect of Fam ilv Religion and Worship," "Modern In differentlsm," "Practical Methods of Deal ing With the Liquor Traffla," "Perils of Increasing Wealth and Luxury." "Prin ciples of Protestantism vs. Modern Sacer dotalism." The sessions of this world conference will continue until September 15. Xo - Duty Fnld on the Jewels. NEW YORK, Aug. 17. After a careful search of the records, the local customs officials of this city have been unable to ascertain whether or not the jeweled chain possessed by Mrs. W. E.D. Stokes when she returned from abroad on the Oceanic recently, ever paid duty in this country. As a result, Mrs. Stokes will probably avail herself of a clause in the law which will allow her to send the chain back to Europe, there to be dismounted by the maker. The chain will then be reimported, and in dismounted state will pay duty at 10 per cent on the diamonds, 20 per cent on the pearls, and 60 per cent on the setting. Intact, the chain would call for an even duty of 60 per cent on each of the Items mentioned. The value of the chain Is .about $3100. Mrs. ,Stokes Is ac quitted of any attempt to defraud the au thorities. On her last trip from Europe she brought In a quantity of costly ap- nnrol loxvolrv anff trlnkpts nn tffhJnh she paid duties amounting to $2S0 SAVING TO COUNTY Decrease in Expense for Six Months Ending June 30, TOTAL AMOUNT OVER $85,000 Good Resnlts in the Circuit Conrt- Jurors' Fees Show u. BIr Fall ing Off Outlook for the Sec ond Half of the Year. In the six months ended June 30 tho expenses of Multnomah County were les sened $85,296 25, compared with the eorre spondlng period in 1900. Road expenses wero lessened $20,116 15. The total sav ing was JS3.442 40. This Is the result of the efforts of tho Taxpayers' League, which for two years has been keeping tab on the manage ment of county affairs. The league In January submitted to the County Com missioners an estimate showing that $142,000 could be saved in the general ex penses of the county, in 1901. and In road work about $69,000. The Commissioners were requested to make the levy on that basis. Many of the reductions are not the result of savings In administration, but of exceptional expenses Incurred lit 1900. However, several departments show material decreases. Last year Madison street bridge was rebuilt and the collision, of the big steamer Almond Branch with, the Morrison-street bridge caused an, unusual expense to the county. The report of County Auditor Pope for the six month? ended June 30 has been published, and the league has made com parisons to ascertain how the county's affairs stand. The following k table shows where the savings were made. The departments where expenses have In creased are noted also: 3 so a S" B 2 3 OS a 3 35" it 1 3 $ 50S 66 $ 6.S4S 16 $ 438 19 2.239 79 3,914 47 S.11Q 08 2.442 30' 9SS0 226 97 163 67 2.065 13f 2,497 7K$317 354. 16 75 165 10 156 3S 564 m 1.926 57 3,229 02; 2.960 70 6.232 301 2.525 40 1,986 12 47 ML 926 SSL 30SS5 4.S40 sa 6,067 9a 1,140 79j 212 32 873 1,032 92 5.302 17 S 401 SO M m 6. 6.756 261 t 2.4il 70 162 501 2. 153 001 33S W J.2S 30 202 82 127 85 1.0S' 55 COL 2S6 509 93 7.471 & r 1.27S ff j 704 3! 4 1.963 fvu IV ... ...... f 41M Ci5BJU....t. 57 nrf ".. . . r I F 87 77 ...-... .......& ::::::r ......... 12 301 21 SOT T ' Z,Z4I 1 S.&0 235 W I 2S,I 241 SOf 3.7S7 841 17 13 2.DS5 27 7,438 SO 9.972 78 3r.52111 2.731 6$ 213 SO 3.507 79 14.650 32 11.910 90 Jd,suf za 729 63 bo 001 2.9a6 S2... 4.139 ZO 20.027 731 26,986 69 1 2.S38 40 2.83S 40 Circuit Court expenses for the first six months of this year show that a con sistent and steady effort has been made on behalf of the taxpayers. Tha total estimate of savings In this department was $2500, while the actual saving has al ready reached $3911 47. The last half of the year will make as good a showing, as there are certain large fixed charges which can be materially lowered. The expenses of the Clerk of the County Court increased quite largely, while there was a decrease of $404 SO In Income. Tho Income from the office of Clerk of the Circuit Court fell off $2491 70, with a slight increase of expense. The cost of tax collecting was Increased somewhat beyond the estimate, by the roll now be ing made under the law passed -at tho 1901 session of the Legislature. Still it shows a reduction of $14,630 32. One of the most serious objections urged against the former method of doing county business was the practice of Is suing warrants in excess of the amount authorized by the levy. The league rec ommended a one-mill tax for road pur- I pdses, and that expenditures be kept within the amount raised thereby. A levy of 1& mills was made. This should pro duce, with the cash on hand, $51,320 65. In the first half of the year $33,964 50 wa3 expended. This leaves $17,350 06 for tho second half. In the opinion of officers of the league-, nothing Is gained by making a low levy and creating a deficiency to be met by the issuance of interest-bearing warrants. It is far better, they say, to levy the tax, so that the taxpayer may know what the cost is going to be. The latter half of the year will fsr nlsh a better test than has yet been had of the working of some of the new laws. The offices of Assessor and Coroner will show large savings for the second half of the year. The Assessor, in particular, has had much work to do, for which tho county will have to pay. The league Is satisfied that under the operation of tho Auditor's bill, by the present County Au ditor, savings must result, but that laws cannot do it all. The County Court is the body on which the responsibility largely rests. The Commissioners have the power, and the county business 13 in their hands. The estimate of the league of the Income from other sources than the levy and the actual figures are com pared; "Estimate for year. Costs collected $ 3.605 15 Poll tax 741 00 Delinquent taxes 25,310 18 Paupers 439 SO Liquor licenses 1.300 00 Miscellaneous 1.336 40 Collection, first half. $ 4.623 15 2.7OT0O 27,466 26 M3 60 sooeo 724 tS Totals $32,732 53 $36,474 85 These figures show that the Income of the county, from sources other than taxes will be large for 1901, so the county ought not only to keep within the levy this year, but also wipe out part of Its debt. The league Is convinced that consider able savings can be made In several de partments. These conclusions are reached as a result of the reports of experts, comparisons made between county and city departments, and of more than two years' study of county affairs. The Cir cuit Courts are a striking example of what cm be done, and these departments will do still better In the present half year. Under the new regulations, jurors fees alone have decreased from $11,667 10 for the year ending June 30, 1S99. to $3518 25 for the year ending June 30, 190L