The Sunday Oregonian., June 17, 1900, Page 8, Image 8

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THE SUOTAY OBEJGOmAfPOBTLANC, JUKE "17, 190G.
IN THE. -FODTSIEPS QF LEWIS ASD CL1RK
.Expedition to tr)e;Site of Fort
- M.jL ( on the
f&2 B. C"oxVhairmari of"the committee
on monuments of the Oregon Histori
cal Society, furnishes The Oregonlan
with the following report of the recent
visit made by the committee to the Bite
of Fort Clatsop and the Lewis and Clark
salt calrriE. near the beach at Seaside.
On the Sth Inst. Mr. Cox and Hon. Will
iam Galloway, of Oregon CIry, represent
In? the committee on monuments, accom
panied by Preston W. Gillette, the well
known pioneer, formerly of Clatsop Coun
ty; Carlos W. Shane, of Vancouver; Mrs
Galloway, Miss "Wiley and Master Pres
tonjjllette left Portland j for Astoria.
HeVeibey 'were joined by Silas B. Smith,
of jfjftTarrerrton, and "William Chance, of
Astoria,' and taking a launch the party
started directly for Fort Clatsop. A run
pt some seven miles around Smith's Point,
across Young's Bay and up to the Netul,
'or Lewfeand Clark; Jtlver, brought the
jtjiparty to ihe landing Jilace, from whence,
blunder the. guidance pffdllette and Shane,"
they mounted tho Incline to the bench
land above. .
Great are the changes which the cen
tury has made In the .scenes wh'ch greeted
the vision of Oregon's first pioneers. The
Hudson's Bay explorer, Alexander Henry,
who visited the old fort in 1S13. wrote in
his diary; "Tho situation is the most
pleasant 'I. have eoen hereabouts, and by
far the most eligible, both as to security
from, the natives and for hunting. The
place is deeply shaded with spruce, pine,
sapin, etc.; the woods seemed gloomy
and dark, the beams of the sun being pre
sented from reaching the ground through
so thick a. foliage." The situation is
pleasing to the ej e today, .but the outlook
is a very different one. The "gloomy
and dark" woods have fallen before tho
pioneer's ax, and not even their stumps
remain to mark the places of their once
lordly grandeur. The ground Is now a
pasturo for domestic animals. At tho
northeast corner of the old fort stands
the ragged trunk of a spruce tree, limb
less, barkless and crownless. Of all tho
surrounding forest whose tree tops over
looked the stockade and viewed therein
the toils and trials, the sufferings and
tho pleasures (few enough) of its Inhabi
tants, this hoary trunk alono la left. Tho
men are dead, the fort lias crumbled Into
dust, what more fitting monument to
mark the habitation of a life which onco
was, but is now no more!
Striking Panorama.
Standing on the site of the old stockade
the panorama which greets the eye of
tho visitor Is striking. Except for a
farmhouse here and there along the course
of the Netul. the' distant prospect has
undergone few alterations i Tho Netul
sweeps along as ever, the background of
hills gives hut little evidence or the pres
ence of civilized man, while Saddle Moun
tain, the bold sentinel of the Cla'sops
country, stands unchanged by their dis
appearance and the influx of the pale
faces who have supplanted them.
Lrewls and Clark were led to select the
site for their encampment chiefly because
of its convenience to the haunts of the
elk, whose .numbers were to them a cause
of great astonishment, while the havoc
wrought among $em by the unerring
rifles of the hardy backwoodsmen caused
even greater wonder to the Clatsop hunt
ers. Tor years afterwards Ka-ta-ta, who
died only 10 years ago, Twilch and other
noted Indian hunters, who had witnessed
tho prowess of Dwyer, Shannon, the
Fields brothers, and other crack shots of
the party, never tired of expatiating on
tho marvelous feats of marksmanship
which they had observed. Sergeant Gass
says in his journal that the party killed
131 elk and 20 deer between December 1.
1S05. and March 26. liOG.
But to return to tho matter in hand.
Gillette and Shane are among the very
few persons now living who ever saw
anything of the structures which com
prised Fort Clatsop. Shane Is a pioneer
of 1846, and will be 83 years of age in
September next. He located a donation
land claim In 1850, on the tract which em
braces tho site of the old fort, and In
the following year built his house. He
says that within a few feet of his house
at the time of its erection were the re
mains of two log cabins. 16x30 feet each,
lying east and west, parallel with each
other, and about 10 or 15 feet apart. The
south cabin was three rounds high and
the other two rounds. In the south cabin
stood tho remains of a large stump.
"When Lewis and Clark abandoned the
fort in 1806 they presented it to Cobowav
(called Comowool by them), chief of the
Clatsops. His daughter Seliast was tho
mother of Silas B. Smith. Coboway oc
cupied the buildings during the hunting
season for 10 or IS years after the de
parture of Lewis and Clark, and Smith
Gays his mother had frequently told him
a large stump stood in one of the cabins,
and was used as a table by Its occupants.
The trea bad been cut down, and tho
cabin built around the stump.
Gillette visited tho fort in October, 1853,
tn company with Thomas Scott, who died
at Pendleton within the last year. Shane
had attempted, to, hurn,up the remains of
tho cabins, but fragments of two logs
forming the southwest corner of tho
southern cabin were still in position. The
site of tho stockade was then covered
with second-growth timber, while It was
surrounded by the original growth, thus
Indicating with approximate Accuracy tho
extent of the enclosure.
Shane's house was standing at the time
of Gillette's visit, and while It has since
disappeared, threo fruit treos which were
sold by Gillette to Frank Shane, who
afterwards occupied the .house, and which
were planted just in its rear, mark Its
site. At the time of Gillette's visit. Rich
ard M. Moore had built a house very
near Shane's, and just at the head of
a little draw in the faco of the hill. This
house also has disappeared, but tho draw
remains to mark Its location. A house
built by.W. Hampton Smith, about 1870.
stands on the ground occupied by the old
cabins. but lt Is out of repair and ten
antless. . Stockade Located.
Guided by these landmarks and their re,
membrane of the situation, Shane and
Gillette definitely located the southwest
corner of the southern cabin, which they
behove constituted the souttrwest corner
ofithefctqekade. The lines must be es-tabllshed-by
cpnjecturo only. Some 203
feetnorth tf- this point runs a small
spring branch, and It Is perfectly rational
to conclude that this water was taken
within the stockade. A point was conse
quently stibll!hed just across this stream
and the line was projected 120 feet, or
thereabouts, row ards the .river, reaching
thevtopof the incline. The ,f our corners
were marked with stakes" set firmly In
tho ground, and an iron pipe was driven
In the center Qf the ppace.
Tt is Quito certain that no more definite
delineation, ot tho limits of the stockade
Is now obtainable. Lewis and Clark do
not give its extent, or does Gass. Lewis
and Clark, speak first of completing the
Jmeatnouse." then four of the huts, and
then the remaining huts. Gass says the
huts ware seven In number. Ho informs
us that In proceeding to th place fixed
upon for "Winter quarters, the party un
loaded their canoes and carried the bag
gage, about 200 yards to a spring, where
they encamped. This Is undoubtedly the
prater mentioned .above; Gass speaks of
."clearing a place for huts and a small
Clatsop and ."to tne Salt Gairn
Beach. '
t fort," 'but vglvea no other Intimation of
I the 'size of theTenclosure. On Christmas
morning. 1805. the party abandoned their
camp and took possesplon of the fort. He
gives us this glimpse of the manner In
which the day was celebrated: "At day
break all the men paraded and fired a
round of 'small arms, wishing -the com
manding officers a merry Christmas. In
the coursa of the day Captain Lewis and
Captain Clarke (sic) collected what to
bacco remained and divided It among
those who used tobacco, as a Christmas
gift: lo the others they gave handker
chiefs; In lieu of, Jt We had, no spiritu
ous liquors to elevate our spirits this
Christmas: hut of -this -we had but Httlo
need, 'as wewere-all In very good health.
Ouf? flying- Is not -very good: meat Is ra
plenty, but of on ordinary quality, as
the elk are poor in this part of tho coun
try. "We have no kind of provlslbns hut
meat, and we are without salt to season
that." The slender character of their
faro Is suggested by Clark's entry of
January 1. In whlch-he says: "Our repast
of .this day. tho' better than that of
Christmas, 'consisted rjrinclpanyof the an
ticipation 'of tho first da ot January,
1807.
Gillette- says that when he first cams
to tho country the trail cut by Lewis
and Clark through the timber from the
fort to the ocean was plainly visible. It
having been, kept open by the Indiana
and elk, and it was used for some 15
jteari afterwards as a traveled route.
'John Thomas, of Sklpanon, one of the
early pioneers of Clatsop County, who lo
cated a donation land claim In 1S50 on
the Netul River, adjoining the claim, of
Gillette, was In the city Friday, attend
ing the meetings of the pioneers and the
Indian war veteransv and m conversation
about Fort Clatsop he stated that ha had
visited the fcrt soon after his arrival hi
the country, and in addition to the two
cabins identified by Gillette and Shane,
he found the "remain's ot a' smaller one',
about 10x12 feet In extent, two rounds
high, lying north of the other two at
some distance and near tho spring. He
also recalled the fact that an old gun
barrel was discovered between two of
the logs of one of tho larger cabins, but
whether It was left by the Lewis and
Clark party, or by a subsequent Indian
occupant, Is not known.
The committee and party 6pent the
night of Friday at Locksley Hall on tho
seashore, being most comfortably cared
for and greatly entertained by Silas
Smith's narratives of Ind'an traditions,
myths and oustlms. He possesses a rare
fund of this knowledge, which onght not
to bo suffered to become lost. It Is val
uable as well as Interesting and uniess
preserved will die with him, for no one
else can supply It.
On Saturday morning on early move
was made towards the salt cairns. Clark
tells us that on December 9 he took threo
men and proceeded to the sea to find a
place for making salt. He went to an
Indian -Tillage -south of themouth of the
Clatsop (Necanlcum) River. On Decem
ber 28 five- men wore ".Hspatched to the
seaside, each with a lsrge kettle in or
der to begin the manufacture of salt."
These men carefully examined tho coast,
but only on the fifth day after their de
parture found a suitable location. On
January 7 Clark proceeded with a party
to see a wha'.e which had drifted ashore
south of Tillamook Head, and on his
way passed the camp of the saltmakers,
whih he 'says was two miles below "the.
mouth of the Clatsop River. Gass con
firms this. On a different trip tfrom
Clark's he writes under date of January
6 that his party "passed the mouth of a
considerable river, went two miles up the
shore and found our saltmakers at work."
He several times speaks of the spot as tho,
"salt works.," showing that thero was
some sort of a "plant" there for the pur
pose. Remains of the Salt Cairn.
Ther6malns now tobVseen are In full
accord with these descriptions, both as to
locality and the character of the struc
tures. One of the latter Is In a fah- state
of preservation, while two smaller ones
have fallen Into decay.. The larger one.
is elliptical In form. Is built of rock laid
In clay, undoubtedly secured from the
hanks of the- Necanlcum near at hand,
and the stones clearly show the effects
of fire. The commonly, accepted tradi
tions of the locality so fuljy support tho
tcartlnmoxry of Clark and Gass, given
above, that no room for doubt as to the
Identity of tho spot exists. But a most
conclusive witness was found ner at
hand.
Tste-is-tum, otherwise known as Jennie
MicheL Is on of three full-blood Clatsop
AX
Indians now living. She is about 80
years of age. She remembers the bom
bardment of the Indian village at the
mouth of the Columbia by Dr. McLough
lin in 1S-3. at which time she was a small
girl. Her father was kll'ed In this bom
bardment. She does not lmow his name,
a fact due to a custom of the Clatsops
of never mentioning the name of a dead
person. Sho first married Wah-tat-cum,
the last chief of the Nehalems, and lived
between the Columbia and the Nehalem,
along the coast, until her- husband- ded
about I860. Sho afterwards married
Michel Martliwauand has sjncet Hed
with him near eelde. With the- help of
SUa"Szalth and George foland who- baa
taken much Interest la the cairns, Tsln-ls-ttim
-was taken to the place and her
statement secured through Smith as in
terpreter. She sold she bod frequently gathered
kinniklnlc and salal-berries along tho
coast sear the cairns in company with
her mother, "Wah-oe-ask, and other In
dians, up to the time she became a grown
woman and was married to Wah-tat-cum.
That her mother had known Lewis and
Clark and their men and had frequently
told her she had seen the men making salt
1 at this .place. That she knew Chief Cobo
way, her uncle, Ka-ta-ta, relative, Nah-
'eatch-ka, and his brother, Twa-le-up.
Twfich and other Irdlans, who had
known Lewis and Clarlo and their men,
, and that it was a commonly accepted
fact among 'all the Indians that this was
j the place where they made -salt, and
I theyi occupied a large tent a few feet
J north of the cairns. In her younger days
the ground was free from trees, but it Is
ndw covered with a growth of stunted
'beach pines.
Tsln-is-tum identified the spot In the
most positive manner, saying that when
' she first knew It the larger" cairn stood
' about two and a half feet all around
With. the end nearest the sea open. The
( smaller ones were understood to be places
used by the saltmakers. Mrs. Galloway
took the picture from -wh'ch the accom
panying cut was made of Tsin-ls-tum
standing In the larger cairn, and took a
number of other interesting photographs
on the trip.
One of Two Monuments.
With the exception of Clark's name in
scribed on Pompeys Pillar, In the "Val
ley of the Yellowstone, It Is believed these
salt cairns constitute the only monu
ment of their expedition now In exist
ence. Apprehensive that Injury might
be done them by vandals or thoughtless
persons. Mr. Cox, on behalf of the Ore
gon Historical Society, ordered the cairns
to bo immediately surrounded with a
strong picket fence, and Captain, H. D.
Sanborn, who haa been keenly alie to
the importance of their preservation, su
perintended the execution of the work
during the past week. It Is proposed to
proceed at once and have them pro
tected by a safe and durable Inclosure.
Captain Sanborn sawed off the trunk
of a pine tree standing near the spot the
size of a tree growing over the larger
cairn and counted 5S rings. The tree over
the cairn is undoubtedly of about the
same age, and its position goes to estab
lish the fact that the cairn has not been
used for more than half a century.
The society has secured the site of Fort
Clatsop, and it Is hoped that no distant
day will see it crowned with a monument
fitly commemorating the Lewis "and
Clark expedition, which culminated at
this point. This was the pedis possess'o.
which, coupled with Gray's discovery in
17S2, constituted the foundation of our
claim to the Oregon country against that
of Great Britain. This matter Is one of
National interest, and Congress might
well make a handsome appropriation for
the erection of an imposing monument
to the, memory of the boldest and most
distinguished of American pioneers. But
whether this can be secured or not. It Is
very certain that the course of a short
ETOIAN WOXAN AT THE SALT CAIRJT.
j time will see the site of old Fort Clatsop
J crowned with a monument -which will be
u uisucuu iu me Oregon nisioncai sc
clety and thess aiding the accomplish
ment of its objects.
CHEAP RATES TO THE EAST
June 21 ard 22 the Union Pacific will
yell tickets to Chlcairo and rtiirn at hnlf
rates, good for CO days, with choice of
No. 135 Third street
.WOLFCHASINdlNWYOMlNG
A MITCH MORE BXCTWG SPORT
than fox mrxTrxG.
How Wolves KlUtae DOgs That As
sail. Tkera-A Chase and tae
Inevitable Oatcesae.
'Washington Post.
"It seems to be qulfVthe fashion to ride
to hounds here In the East,1' said G. A.
Canfield, of Sheridan, Wyo., the other day.
"I suppose' that is a "heritage from our
English ancestors, or, at least, patterned
after our English cousins.. Of course, I
have bsen corrupted by living In tho
wild and coolly 3Ves4 and. can see little
fun in the sport the-, way it Is pursued
here. I will have to plead my residence
In extenuation, if that, will be pardonable.
But this thing of dragging an anise bag
oVer a 10 or 15-mUe course .seems to me
about as tasteless as soup without salt.
But we must keep In tbe swim, and even
If we do jump fences only three feet high
our Imagination can do the rest. The
brush isn't the whole. thing, after all.
"We have a little sport once In a while
out In my country, though I don't know
that It is so swift Vhen "it comes to be
examined critically. We had a wolf chase
a short time ago, and X thought it far
BUILDING OX THE SITE 'OF OLD FORT CLATSOP.
from exciting. To "be,,sure, Buffalo Bill
was not there, bUtthen he has lived in
Sheridan, and he has some extensive prop
erty interests near thirre. 1'mention this
to sh'ow that Sheridan, baska at least in
Tected gloo'i even If it possesses none of
s own. -But about .that wolf chase. Trie
people out there love anything that sa
vors of hard riding, and the broncos never
sjem to tire when they are In pursuit of
anything. There were A number of guests
stopping at the Sheridan Inn, and the
hotel proprietor wanted to get up a little
function for" their amuiemenr. So we had
this wplf chase.
"The wolves had been captured In heavy
steel traps, three of them, but they had
not been rendered at. all docile by their
few daj's of association with human be
ings; they had all, been lamed by the
sharp teeth of the trab3. and a big. old
she-wolf had attempted to gnaw off one of
her hind feet In order t.o obtain freedom.
They were not these little coyotes. They
were wolves, the great, gray, timber
wolves, larger than a Newfoundland dog
with mlgbty jaws, phed -with shining,
sharp teeth, that snapped ominously when
any one came near them. They are not
cowanis. those timber wolves. They will
attack a man even when they have not
the encouragement of .a. pack. A tlmbar
wolf can throw a eteer'and cut his throat
quicker than a cowboy, That Is the rf ason
why tho ranchmen are so anxious to get
rid of tho pests. But they are cunning,
and It Is not often that .one gets caught
In a trap.
"Word was sent throughout the town
that thtre would be a wif chase in the
afternoon, and about 70 men, women and
boys came out on brdnccs to follow the
hounds. The pack was a. good one. ard
numbered about 30 as "good dogs as- are
to be found in the Northwest. I think
that Colonel Cody owns some of tnem.
There were foxhounds, with a cross of the
bloodhound about them, long, rangy, stag
hound that covered from 20 to 25 feet at
every lap, while other coureers of less
distinguished ancestry were brought out
to follo-v with the rabble.
"It may have seemed tame to a ten
derfoot who didn't know anything about
the sped and endurance ot the timber
wol cs. But It dll not take loug for
ouch scoffers to be enL'ghtened. The tour
ists from the Inn were given a coach,
I from the top of w hlcb they could view
j the hunt. The wolves were taken out In
j a wagon and given a little start before
the hounds were unleashed. At first they
laid down as If hopeless of escape, and
absolutely refused to -badge. Even kicks
failed to arouse them. Finally the small
est of the trio got up and started off with
a limp, and tho others followed him a
moment later. They did not run fast; at
least they did not appear to, and every
one said the chase would be a frost.
"In about a minute the dogs were
turned loose, and they took up the scent
with a chorus that would have made any
huntsman's heart beat faster. The way
the leaders covered the ground was a cau
tion, and it seemed to me as if ther three
wolves, handicapped as they" were by
lameness, would be overtaken In less than
five minutes. The reason we thought that
v.ua uecuuse we nau noi ueen iuo&mg ai
! the wolves. The minute they heard the
! baying of the hounds they seemed to have
forgotten all about steel traps and cap
i tlvlty. Ther bad an awkward gait, but
tho way they got over the ground made
1 us fear that there would be no brushes
to distribute.
"The old she-wolf was going on three
legs, but she led tho trio. A number of
cow-punchers from Stock-well's ranch
started out to flank them. In order to
keep, them from getting into the foothills
around Big Goose Creek. They fired their
revolvers and howled themselves hoarse,
riding at top speed, and finally-got them
going In the direction they wanted them.
But there were only two dogs who gained
on tho wolves. These were two stag
hounds, with keen noses and speed that
I never saw surpassed. Such leaps you
I never saw, and the rest of the pack had
i to get another leader who was In thesame
, class with the rest. Gradually the stag
' hounds cloed In on the wolves. "
I "So far they had been running, "by scent,
! but soon they caught sight of the f ugl
j tlves. -Then the cha.se assumed a dlffer-
Ient aspect, and the wol es might as -well
have tried to raco an express train.
"'But, after all. It was nothing more
than a race. The speed was with the stag
hbunds, but the courage and lighting qual
I lty were with tho bloodhound stock in the
J rear. The leaders know th& temper of
I the foes they had to deal with. The old
I she-wolf was still leading, and her smaller
male companions were slightly behind.
With an Instinctive generalship, the stag
hounds bowled over the she-wolf and left
her struggling on the ground. They had
stopped her for a second. Then they set
out after the others, and pretty soon had
them sprawling on the prairie. The w olves
got up and showed fight, but the stag
hounds stood off, and the wolves started
on again. The same tactics were repeated,
and their progress was eo Impeded that
the pack gained rapidly. The staghounds
seemed to devote most of their time to
the two male wolves, and the o!d female
began to get away. But the pack was
now In striking distance, and the fight
commenced.
"Tho two male wolves were soon sur
rounded, and there was a mlx-up equal
to a scrimmage on a football field. The
wolves were game and disposea of five
dogs before they wero killed.
"The old she-wolf had not gone far, and
her injuries wero beginning to tell on her.
The staghounds overhauled her and then
the rest of the Dack came up, followed by
the mounted crowd. A circle was formed
around the dogs with the old she-wolf in
their center. She had lain down, panting
and tired, with a long, dripping tongue
protruding from her mouth. Her du".l
green eyes were half closed, and she ap
peared to be the most unconcerned of all
present. The hounds came up and snapped
at her, but she paid little attention. None
of the dogs seemed willing to attack her.
Finally a dog with moreof the bloodhourd
than the others led the'aesault. The old
wolf woke up and killed him instantl.
The others then stood aloof.
"One of the cowboys suggested that none
of the male dogs wxmld attack a female
w olf and that their apparent timidity was
nothing more than the chivalry of the
animal. At that moment, the coach with
the tourists arrived, and with them came
the fierce female bulldog, weighing about
30 pounds. The owner was told the reason
why the fight could not proceed, and he
offered to back his bulldog aga'nst the
old wolf. He was advjsed against the
course, but ho insisted; and his pet was
-unleashed.
"It was all right tar the first minute
or two. The little bulldog was game, and
commenced the attack on her adversary
with the utmost fierceness. The wolf still
lay on the ground, with half-closed eyes,
apparently unaware that jnythlcg un
usual was going on. Her hide wae thick,
and the teeth of her small assailant did
not bother her much. But the bulldog
finally grabbed her by the throat, .and
this took all the Indifference out of her.
The old wolf struggled and tried to free
herself, but In vain. She TOse to her feet
and shook herself desperately; but the
bulldog hung on with the tenacity
which It alone can display.
"At last tho wolf shook-herself freeT But
she did not remain unmolested. The game
little dog returned to the attack, but
this time she was more than met. The
great jaws of the old wolf opened, show
ing the gleaming fangsr. now covered wl'h
foam. A feint, a quick "snap, and the
ivory teeth sank, deep Into the h"ad of the
brave little bulldog. The llfelers body was
thrown aside with contempt. A bu'Iet
from a cowboy's six-shooter then ended
the od wolf's career, and the crowd rode
home, trying to figure out whether tho
game had been, worth tho candle." t
GRAKD EXCURSION TO
BONNEVILLE
Picnic grounds, Sunday, June 17. Good
music Vaudeville speclalt-es under the
pavilion. Darning, sports. Refreshments
of all kinds cat. be procured on the
grounds. Train leaves Union depot 9:30
A. M. Fare, round trip, 50 cents.
Rait Enough of It.
"Do you remember how my wife used
to stick up for root beer?"
"Yes. She always claimed that It tasted
better than real beer; that It was Just as
refreshing, and was preferable In every
way."
"Well, she won't have the stuff In the
house any more."
"Why?"
"Sho tried to open a bottle herself the
other night, when, she had pn a new J1S
shirt waist." Chicago Times-Herald.
HOW GUNS MAY BE HAD
AVAILABLE TO aCUinCIFAL CORPO
RATIONS, G. A. R. POSTS, ETC
Schedule of Tket oa the PaclKo
Coast and the Manaer et tfee
Distribution ef TTieaL
WASHINGTON. June 12, la connec
tion with securing the souvenir Spanish
cannon for the State of Washington,
Senator Foster has InvejtJgated the
question of allotting guns, mounts and
projectiles held by the Navy Depart
ment, and cannon, howitzers and mor
tars now at the disposal of the. War De
partment, and which may be bad by
municipal corporations, G. A R. Posts
and Soldiers' Monument Associations
under the law of May 22, 1B9S. It has
been ascertained that the guns and mor
tars handled by the War Department
have been largely disposed of, and that,
with a few exceptions, those available
on tho Atlantic Coast have been distrib
uted. On tho Pacific Coasi; however, is
quito an extensive collection. At Be
nicla, CaL, there are:
c. y Weight, lbs.
Seven 32-pounder oast-tron guns 7,200
Fifty-four 42-pounder cast-iron guns 8,455
Eight 30-inch Parrott gunii 4.30O
Nineteen 8-lnch Columblads.. 9,240
Two 10-lnch Coluroblads 15,400
Six 10-inch mortars .1,853
At Fort Canby, Wash., there are two
300-pounder rifles, 37,000 pounds, and one
four-Inch gun, weight S450 pounds.
At Fort Stevens, Or., there are five
200-j?ounder rifles, 15,500 pounds.
In California, in the vicinity of San
Francisco, there are three 200-pounder
Parrott rifles and 18 32-pounder guns;
weight 7200 pounds; six 42-pounder guns,
weight 8465 pounds each, and two 10-Inch
Columblads, weight 15,400 pounds each.
There aro a largo number of guns of
somewhat similar dimensions scattered
throughout the United States at various
forts. The law under which these guns
and mortara are distributed provides that
thoso receiving them shall pay all ex
penses connected with their transporta
tion. The best method to be pursued in secur
ing complete details and In preparing to
receive one or more of the guns Is to
write to the War or Navy Department,
as the case may be, and ask for lists of
all the available pieces, together with
such information as can be furnished.
When the gun has been selected, a his
tory of It will be secured, as far as pos
sible, and Senator Foster has been as
sured that upon proper Indorsements and
recommendations being made, the requi
sitions of tho various municipal corpora
tions, G. A. R. Posts and Solders'
Monument Associations will bo promptly
filled.
The Navy Department lnparticular has
Informed tho RPTintruthat It would be
very much pleased to send a consign
ment of guno and projectiles to the State
of Washington. Its supply 13 being drawn
upon very rapidly, and If the state Is
to participate In the distribution, prompt
application will have to be made. While
the Navy Department does not restrict
tho number of guns and projectiles that
may be drawn, the War Department will
not send more than twx guns and not
more than 20 projectiles to any municipal
corporation, G. A. R. Post or Soldiers'
Monument Association. A collection of
projectiles of various sizes will be sent
with each gun, but In no caso will any
ammunition be supplied.
ONCE VISITED IN PORTLAND
Earl of Alrlte, Recently Killed In
Battle, Wan Here In 1883.
The Earl of Alrlie. who was killed in
South Africa, June 1L visited Portland
In 1SS3, and spent some time as a guest
of the late Donald Macleay. The Earl,
who was then but a boy, was accompa
nied by his father, the oM Earl; his
brother, a sister and Lady Maud Ogilvle.
In 1883" the Northern Padflc ran its first
cars into Portland, over the O. R. & N.'s
line from Wollula. To celebrate this
even, Henry Villard, who built the road,
arranged to have a gathering of the
stockholders at Portland and to enter
tain them in grand style. The old Earl
of Alriie was one of the stockholders,
and, like many of the foreign men In
terested In the road, was invited months
In advance ot the time set for tho com
pletion of the road.
It was Vllrard's intention to have the
Portland Hotel completed by the time the
guests arrived. The ground had already
been purchased, and preparations were
set on foot to put up a large hotel, ot
wood. When they came to examine the
agreement under which the hotel was to
be built,, according to the terms of the
purchase, it was found that the structure
must be of stone. That mant that it
could not be ready for the railroad mag
nates when they came. But Mr. Villard
was not a man to give up a plan because
of a hitch, and he had his Invited guests
come right along. Portland was a small
er town then, and there w-ere not ample
hotl accommodations to be had. For
this reason the" large number of railroad
men who came to celebrate the comple
tion of the road wt sent out into the
homes of tho wealthy people of the city
to be entertained.
It happened tliat Donald Macleay hid
known the famlljof the Earl of Alrlie
when he lived in Scotland, so tfrs Earl
was sent to Mr. Macleav's homo whf-n
he arrived. He remained hre several
weeks after the celebration, and was all
the time a guest of the Macleay's. Many
of the English and Scotch families of the
city Temember the, old Earl and bis party.
At the ttmo of his death the young Earl
was commanding the Twelfth Lancers,
and was engaged In the battle which
took place a few days ago with General
Botha'n army some distance out from
Pretoria. It is said that he was one of
the most popular members of the nobility
serving in the war in South Africa.
Ladv Maud Ogilvle, who was with the
party when in Portland, afterwards mar
ried an Englishman, and now lives In
Colorado.
Organized Labor In France.
Walter B. Scaife in the Forum.
In 18S4 the workingmen of France ob
tained for the flrnt time the rlsht to or
ganize. Fort a century preceding that
year, the-varlous-tgnxtrnmente had treated
Jy question from dlfferentjjplnts of view,
sometimes tolerating, rarely encouraging
and generally suppressing the spasmodic
efforts of the laboring classes to improve
their condition. But little by little the
conviction grew that suppression, on the
one hand, with discontent and even vio
lence, on the other, offered no satisfactory
adjustment of the complicated Interests of
capital and labor. Two facts had been
pro-ved by experience: (1) That little was
to be gained from the mere good will of
employers; and (2) that workingmen un
organized were powerless to Improve ther
lot. But the law of March 21, 18S4, offered
a solution of the difficulty by authoriz
ing free organization for "the study and
defence" of economic and industrial con
ditions. Under the sanction of this law the work
ingmen of France have passed In 15
years, from the condition of a mob to
that of a disciplined army. Instead ot
an aimless agitation for something bet
ter, there exists a well-defined programme
of action leading toward a definite end.
Individual effort has been rep'aced by an
organized force, and fitful effervescence
by steady endeavor. The results have
been commensurate with the change of
method. Wages have advanced, the
standard of living has risen, the con
sciousness' of power has developed, the
desire for education has heightened, and
the means of self-help have greatly ln
creased and, by an alliance with social
Ism political Influence has been attained.
and favorable legislation has been wreat-
cu. jjtjih uai&voraoie parliaments.
France has 38,500,000 Inhabitants, of
Whom about 14.500.000 live brt-mlnlnsr. nun.
ufacturesv, transportation and general
commerce, .frooarjiy irom one-fourth to
one-third of this number are actively en
gaged in the branches named; and, as but
a small number are employers or inde
pendent, all tho rest ar -BwvrVwTa fm-
wo.ges, presumably at least 3,000,000. What
proportion of these are members of
unions? According to tho latest official
figures, those .for Eecember 3L 1S3S, only
419,761. Yet the union of this compara
tively small number has-been the strength
of the whole body, and the 'organization
of the few has proved more effective than
the aimless agitation of- the ' many.
HEPBURN'S CANAL POLICY.
Interest of tne Halted States ud tat
Halted KlBgdoa la It.
Kr Charles rmka. at. P.. In ta Fwwn.
Supposing it wero to be agreed by all
the powers that the United States should
not only maka and police the Canal, but
ba allowed to hold It virtually as Its own.
It would, nevertheless, In my opinion, bo
in the direct Interest of tho United States
as well as in the interest of general peace,
that the protecting government should,
of Its own will, declare the principle of
the open-door in the Canal, as ragarda
duas, and the exclusion from it of war
like operations. The mere question of
fortification la of little moment. Canals
can bo stopped without fortifica
tions, and they can bo a&acked
by powers possessing the command of th
sea, and capable of disembarking Una
forces, in spite of f ortlflcations. Th Jap
anese, for example, predominant at th
present moment In tho Pacific- in & mili
tary sense, by reason of tho corahiEed
strength of their fleet and army, end -of
their power of conducting an expedltlea
across the seas with clocklike precision,
would pay Httlo attention to the mere ex
istence of fortifications at aay spot wbJT
they might desire to make a landing.
I believe tho object of Mr. Hepburaris
that the- United States should have a fall
share of the commerce of the world, and
that, in order to obtain this, ha thinks it
must place In Its hands every power which
can be used for promoting! Its own trade
and discouraging that of its rivals. B3
argument would Justify a, British prohibi
tion of the use of tho Suez Canal by
other powers. His argument aseumea
that not only Europe, but that great com
mercial countries like Argentina and Chill,
would acquiesce in such action oa the
part of the Untied States. It la possible
that the European powers at a given
moment might' appear unwillingly t
acquiesce, because they were not strong
enough to help themselves, In 0. closing
of the Suez Canal by us; and for tho
same reasons Europe and South America
might acquiesce in discriminating charges
In the Atlantlc-Paclflo Canal 1 but such a
state of things could hardly last, and it Is
my own opinion that American trado for
the more distant .markets to which tho
oceanic canals in tho greatest degree ap
ply would, In the long run, not be bene
fited by the transaction.
Tho sharpness of the curve to use
what Is' an American phrase which it Is
proposed to execute. Is remarkable. It is
the United States which has Just suc
ceeded in obtaining from the wbolo of tho
European powers the open door in China.
It Is the United States which It is pro
posed shall build a door, opew only to her
self, through Central America. I con un
derstand the unpopularity of my country
Irish feeling, feeling of sympathy for
our opponents In the present war, the anx
iety of some for an attack on British pol
icy; I can even understand some of tho
objections to the Hay-Pauncefote treaty,
and the desire to replace international
agreement upon the subject by a purely
American system of control; but the Hep
burn policy carried to Its logical extreme
means mlltarism for the United States.
It means the creation of a fleet powerful
enough to face any possible combination
of xthe commercial powers, apparently
wounded In their Interests believing
themselves, as they would, to be very
gravely wounded though, for my own
part, I do not believe that, supposing
peace to be maintained and,,the policy to
be carried out, it would, in the long run,
benefit the trade of the United States.
' T--.
POPULISTS NOT FOR 16 'TO 1.
They SvralloTred It Simply Became
It Was In Platform.
PORTLAND. June16. (To tho Editor.)
Tou always held the Populists respon
sible for the 16-to-l craze. This is wrong.
I am In a' position to state that during
the campaign or 1S96 some of the leading
Populists here, except one, told me they
were opposed to 16 to 1, and one of them
holding an Important position in the par
ty, told me he bad a notion to throw up
the Job, as It was almost more than
he could put up with, to advocate
such nonsense, pure and simple. When
the National committee met with the
Democrats and tho Sliver Republicans
they were forced to swallow 16 to L or
no fusion. But they never believed in it.
I was alwajs In favor of having a suffi
cient amount of silver in circulation, hut
not at tho ratio of, 16 to 1. But eur Ad
ministration Is practically responsible
that 16 to 1 Is not absolutely dead yet.
Had It ordered that every Government
employe should be paid In sliver, thero
would be such a revolt against 15 to 1
that not another word need to be said
about i McKlnley will get many thou
sands of votes that he could not get but
for Brjan and 16 to 1.
R BUETTKOFER.
For the year 1859 there were 1S0.656 births
In Scotland and 70 548 deith
BOXES OF GOLD
Sent for Letters About Crape-Ifnt.
Three hundred and th'rty-three boxes of
gold and greenbacka will be sent to psr
sons writing interesting and truthful let
ters about the good that hes been dona
them by the use of Grapo Nuts" food.
Ten little boxes, each containing a $10
gold, piece, will bs sent the 10 writers of
the most interesting letters.
Twenty boxes each containing a JS gold
piece to the 20" next mo3t Interesting writ
ers, and a 51 greenback will go to each
of the 300 next best. A committee of-threo
to make aeclsion, and the prizes sent on
July 3, 1900.
Write plain, sensible letters, giving. de
tailed facts of UMiealth caused from im
proper food, and explain the Improve
ment, the gain in strength, in weight, or
In "brain power after using Grape-Nuts
food.
It Is a profound fact that most alls of
humanity come from Improper and non
nourlshlng food, such as white bread, hot
biscuit, starchy and uncooked cereals,
etc.
A change to perfectly cooked, predl
gested food like Grape-Nuts, scientifically
made and containing exactly the elements
Nature requires for building tiho delicate
and wonderful cells of brain and bodv,
will quickly change a half sick person
to a well person. Food, good food, is
Nature's strongest weapon of defense.
Include In letter the true names and
addresses, carefully written, ot 20 per
sons, not very well, to wh,om we can
write regarding the food cure by Grape
Nuts. Almost every one Interested in pure
food is willing to have his or her name
appear in the papers for such help as they
may offer the human race. A request,
however, to omit name will be respected.
Try for one of the 330 prizes. Every ono
has an equal show. Don't write poetry,
but Justbonest and Interesting facts about
the good j ou have obtaind from the pure
food Grape-Nuts. If a man or woman
has found a true way to get well and keep
well. It should be a pleasure to stretch a
helping hand to humanity, by telling the
facts.
Write your name and address plainly
on letter and mail promptly to the Posturn
Cereal Co., Ltd.. Battlo Creek, Mich.
Prizes sent July 3.
I II