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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 13, 1895)
WEALTH OF TRMTY HISTORY OP AMERICA'S GREATEST CHURCH SOCIETY. Enormous Real Estate Valnc Found ed Upon .Early Grants by Good Queen Anne. XEVT YORK, Jan. 8. "The richest church corporation In the world." Is the common description of Trinity. Every business, man who goes down Broadway instinctively figures up In men tal calculation how much the ground in cumbered by the two old graveyards would net under the hammer. He knows that they occupy the mest valuable ground in the city of Xew York, and that the population of churchgoers has drifted miles away uptown; in fact, that It is not "business" that all this wealth should be Ijing dormant century after century. And it is not strange that bis thoughts of Trinity should take a financial rather than a sentimental turn. Of the extent of its riches, of the annual Income from its vast estates, or of the expenditures of its princely revenues. Trinity Itself is silent. Trinity church represents the founda tion stone of the church of England in America. The names of its founders and vestrymen and promoters and communi cants are the names of the streets of older New York. It is contemporaneous with the British flag that floated over IXew Amsterdam. The very day that the Dutch flag was pulled down, and the flag of England floated over the Battery fort, the spirit of Trinity appeared, and gob bled up a little Dutch church near 'he fort. This was in 16G4. but It was a very fair beginning. The first governor of the province. Fletcher, was an aident church man, and the first thing he did was to give the Dutch and other inhabitants to understand thnt the conouest carried "with it the established church, and to push th assembly and the people of New York for Its oftlcial lecognition and main tenance. There was considerable friction, but after several years' hard fighting, the governor gained his point, and in 1C9G got a vestry who were styled "Man agers of the affairs of the Church of England and the city of New York." The first clergyman was one "William "Vesey, whose name decorates the street lamps hard by St. Paul's. The Rev. Jlr. Vesey was Inducted on Christmas day, 1697. being the fifth of the reign of William and Mary. By the char ter obtained, approved by the governor of the province and sanctioned by the toyal seal. Trinity was presented with o "certain piece and parcel of ground in or near to a street without the north gate of the city of New York, commonly called and known as Broadway;" also a "certain church and steeple" presumably the same captured from the unfortunate Dutch. However, the Dutch were apparently sat isfied in some particular grant of their own. The "church and steeple" thus come by was the first Trinity church, und was formally opened i'arch 13, 16S8. To further put the "parish of Trinity church" upon its feet, the good Queen Anne, in 1703, made an additional grant to the corporation by letters patent signed by Lord Cornbury. then governor of the province, "of a tract of land then called Queen's farm, lying on the west side of Manhattan island, and extending from St. Paul's chapel northward along the river to the Skinner read, now Christopher street." This farm was afterwards called "King's farm." and was also known at one time as "Church farm." Immediately following this grant the building of a church was begun. The new church was a small, square edifice that "would now be considered common in a country town, but it was then deemed an .Imposing structure. As enlarged in 1737,. ifwas about MS feet long, 'Including the tower and chancel, and 72 feet broad, wjth a steeple 175 feet high." The ves trymen were of the most reputable citi zens and distinguished officials of the British government in the colony. It had already three complete sets of communion plate bestowed upon it by royalty one from William and Mary, one from Queen Anne, the other from one of the Georges, People began obligingly to die and leave It something. About this time Its orig inal rector. Mr. Vesey, died also, and was succeeded by the Rev. Barclay, In 174G. In time its congregation got too big for Trinity, and a church of "Ease" was pro jected. This was erected on Beekman and Cllft streets Messrs. Reade, Ludlow, Mur rav. Chambers. Desbrosses and other gen tlemen who are remembered by New BEAXCHESKOF York streets being in this first real estate deal. The corporation paid W5 ($2225). for six lets, now probably worth more than six times as nmci' sinpiv This chapel was loyally called St. George's! ana was oi cut stone modeled upon a soap box. with a cake of soap represent ing the tower. It was burned down and restored the following yer. The building of St. Paul's chapel. Just abovo Trinity on Broadway, was begun anout later. 176S. and was finished three years This was' on church S was the exclusive and beautiful work of id beautiful work r the Trinity corporation. It was to St. Paul's that Washington retired immedi ately after his inauguration as lirst presi dent of the republic at the federal build ing, to give thanks for the success of the patriot cause. And here, -when in the dtv, he afterward received the holy commun ion. JU the outbreak of the revolution Trin- jusmini j tin ' w"J-4asssJ--uj '&vm H ity adhered to the British cause. Wash ington sent a request to the rectors of St. Paul's and Trinity asking them to refrain from reading that portion of the Church of England service referring to the king. The excitement in the city -was intense, and threats -were made of mobbing and sacking the churches unless they should substitute others for the prayers for Eng land and the king. But they refused, and on a certain Sunday a company of conti nentals marched into Trinity with loaded guns and with drum and fife to enforce the demand. In the face of this the rector read the usual services, and, it may as well be said, was not harmed or even in terrupted. Public feeling ran so high, however, that the vestry concluded to close the churches for the time, until the return of the king's troops. Later a series of in cendiary fires broke out and Trinity was reduced to ashes, along with the charity school on Rector street. St. Paul's and King's college narrowly escaped the same fate. The close of the revolution found the two congregations worshiping together in St. Paul's, and the corporation in financial embarrassment. But it quickly recovered and the spring of 17S7 saw a new Trinity church under construction on the old site. In this special pews were set apart for the president of the United States and the governor of the state of New York. Trinity became more liberal, and not only adopted the change of pray ers, but gave magnificent donations of land to all the Presbyterian churches of the city. The present beautiful and sub stantial edifice was erected in 1705, and It stands today a rare specimen of church architecture. Though somewhat enlarged THIXITT. THE XICHEST CHUECIT LV AMERICA. and Improved within and without in sue ceeding years, it is in the main as first built. The corporation also built St. Mark's and endowed it with conspicuous liberal ity besides contributing to the Presbyte rian churches as already noticed, and began in 1S03 a systematic extension of its own establishment. It purchased a few lots in the "Lisperard meadows," then declared by some of the. manajrers not worth fencing" in, and erected the chapei of St. Jobriy endowing it in the usual" way. Under Trinity's inspiring touch Grace church rose In permanent loveliness to gladden the eye of subsequent genera tions. The latter got some 25 valuable lots and other financial aid from time to time, until it proved such a beggar that Trinity refused to further support it. Other valuable ground was transferred in 1S10 and 1S16 to the use of free schools, and for the use of the city in the Wash ington market. Additional aid was given St. George's, -which burned down short ly after, and was then rebuilt by Trinity. During the service of the present rector. Dr. Morgan Dix. Trinity has built five chapels additional and many other build ings devoted to religious and secular In struction. St. Chrysostom's, St. August- TSIX1T1'. Ine's. St. Agnes. St. Cornelius' and St. Luke's owe much to Trinity: while a schoolhouse on Trinity place and Thames street, for the Trinity schools; a parish building back of St. Paul's, giving room to the schools of that church; otSces for the rectors of both churches, and for th several priests connected therewith, and for the home of the vestry and corpora tion itself; a parish building for St Au- I , ,i " reei; a similar r'ldi.DS for each of the other new cnurcnes ana a Pash hospital on Va- rtcK street, all beer practical evidence of the present spirit of the corporation. It has established schools, including dav and night, training school, kindergartens, cooking schools and schools of manual training. Trinity ie sensitive- at being called "rich." Every year or two it gets up and JHE STOvDAY OKEGOSTIAy- POitxEASQfr apologizes. Usually this apology is in the Year book; this year it is from the pulpit, and by the rector himself. In the Year book of 1S74 It protests that its income is not more than half a million, and that there are several individuals in New York who have more money. But some ten or twelve years later it is found that the same statement is .given of the Income, although all other real property in its neighborhood has doubled In value. Noth ing can be learned of the actual value or even the assessed value of the proper ty, since most of it is under long leases and the taxes are paid by individual ten ants. Most of this property Is in the third, fifth and ninth wards. It Is leased generally on 21-year leases. Should the tenant put up new buildings, he can at the expiration of his lease renew at a val uation fixed by a board of arbitration, one member of which is chosen by Trinity, one by him and a third by these two. W hatever valuation the board puts upon the improvements will be reimbursed to the tenant If he does not renew the lease for another 21 years. In each of these leases Is a cast-Iron clause that the place shall not be used as a slaughter-house, bakery, vintner's, butcher shop or liquor store. As Trinity never builds, it offers fair inducements for men desiring to pay ground rent. As Trinity does not sell, if otner people don't come forward and pay ground rent and build, the property goes into decay. CHARLES THEODORE MURRAY. ROMANCE OF A ROMANCER Tlie Courtship and. Mnrriape of Rob ert Lrouis Stevenson. A San Francisco writer gives a very In teresting sketch of the late Robert Louis Stevenson, devoting considerable space to the romance of his marriage. He savs: "Stevenson first came here to get married, His bride he had met in France, when she was the wife of a Californlan. When Stevenson was making that trip that bore fruit in his delightful book, "An Inland Voyage,' he met In Paris Mrs. Samuel Osborne, of San Francisco. She came of Dutch parentage, her maiden name being Van de Griflt. but she had married young Sam Osborne, who was private secretary to Senator Stanford, and somewhat of a protege of the-railroad millionaire. She, was a fDrnuant .prunette, with the vivid colorlnff ,and many of-the tastes of a gypsy, ner nusband had gone with her on a vacation, but he had been recalled on business, and then she was staying with some friends at the French capital. She and Stevenson fell in love at first sight. Their literary and personal taste3 ran in the same channels, and the author spent much time in her company. He professed to draw inspiration from her society, and when she left for home it was understood that she was to get a divorce from her husband by means of the easy processes of the California courts, and when this was accomplished that Steven son would come out to the Golden state and make her his wife. Everything was carried out according to this nrammmr When Sam Osborne was told of the desire of his wife he made no objection, but. like a model American husband, gave his wife all the aid In his power. The result was that she secured her freedom. The tidings were sent to the distant lover, and he prepared to coree out into the West after his inamorata. Original In everything he determined to take the trip in a novel fashion, so he engaged passage in the steerage of one of the great ocean lines, with the design of writing up his experi ence. He secured plenty of material, for the voyage was rough, and he had a sorry time among the emigrants, who were herded together like sheep. This experi ence, however, did not cure him, and he took passage in an emigrant car, and crossed the plains in that fashion. This was worse than the steerage trip, as the people were packed closer, and the jour ney, owing to the many delays and slow time, consumed two weeks. "When Stevenson reached San Francis co he was a sorry object. He had a hack ing cough, spat blood, and had contracted a troublesome skin disease from herding with unclean emigrants. Foul air and poor food had reduced his strength, arid he was a semi-Invalid. He was received, however, with open arms. As soon as he was cleaned up, however, and a trifle re covered from the fatigue of a long jour ney, the wedding was held. The remarka ble feature of it was that Sam Osborne was present, and gave away the bride, his ex-wife, with a heartiness that would have done credit to the most disinterested persons, while he capped the climax of his performances by introducing to the bride and groom a handsome and stylishly dressed young woman as his affianced wife. It takes Bohemianlsm to rise su perior to such an American specimen of elective affinities as this, but the actors in this strange scene were equal to it. j.jc marriage least was very gay, and soon after it was over Stevenson went with his bride to a deserted mining camp on Howell mountain, in Napa county to recuperate his health. There he wrote the book which he called "The Silverado Squatters." which is one of his best things, although justice has never been dene it bv tre reviewers because of thei unfamiliarity with the scenes .1 describes. Stevenson lived for several months at the deserted mining camp of Silverado breathing In health with the balsam of the pine and the redwood. He was then financially reduced and he had no reputa tion in this coifhtry. His book on his Cal ifornia experiences went a-begging, and finally the Century editors publishod it in several installments." Lnvr Protects the nieycle. According to a recent decision of the state supreme court of Minnesota, the bicycle has come to stay, with all the rights of any vehicle. N. A. Thomp son's horse was scared at a bicycle, ran away, demolished the buggy and nearly demolished Mr. Thompson, who brought suit for heavy damages, setting out that the bicycle had no right on the road. The supreme court of Minnesota decided that the defendant's bicycle was as good as plaintiff's buggy, and In its decision the court used this sweeping language: "The bicycle is neither unlawful nor prohibited, and cannot be banished because It Is not an ancient vehicle or was not used In the garden of Eden by Adam and Eve. Because the plaintiff chose to Artw horse hitched to a earrlaer rtn: nnf ,- I him a right to dictate to Others thnlr mnA I of conveyance upon a public highway." J OFFIOEiUDDM COREA THE XATZOX LOADED DOWX WITH CORRUPT OFFICIALS. A Sharp Contrast Between Ostenta tions Wealth, and Abject Povcrty The Political Establishment. (Copyrighted, 1S53, by Frank G. Carpenter.) I have just received letters from Corea stating that the whole country is in a state of anarchy. The Tong Haks, or rebels, have sprung up again. In different parts of the kingdom. The Japanese send out troops to subdue them, but the mo ment they are conquered In one place they spring up In another, and they honey comb even the ranks of the people in Seoul. The king is said to be In great danger, and he fears assassination more than ever. There are many C6reans who hate everything connected with Japan, and as the king 13 now working in com bination with the Japanese troops, he is charged by some with selling out the country. I wrote you some weeks ago of my interview with him. I did not, describe his palaces and his court. It would be impossible for any one to have the access to these buildings today, which I had while I was in Seoul. The king of Corea does all his work by the electrjc light. He sleeps in the day time, and receives all of his callers at night. There is a wall about 20 feet high which runs clear around his palace city, and there are watch-houses on top of it in wnich sentinels stand day and night. Every 300 feet along the outside of the wall there is a little guardhouse about five feet square, which contains two armed soldiers. Each of these guardhouses has a well within It lined with straw, and while one soldier watches, the other curls himself up like a caterpillar in this well and goes to sleep. The soldiers all sleep in their day clothes, and they rarely have blankets. The gates, which go into the palace city are guarded by soldiers, and there are always servants and officials about them. At one time the king thought of running a lot of live wires around the palace walls, in order that any one who attempted to climb over them might be killed by the terrible electric shock which would result from the contact. The buildings In the king's palace cities (he has two in Seoul), are numbered by hundreds. They cover any hundred acres, and he has suites of apartments in different parts of the grounds. He keeps his movements a secret, and only the few est people know in which palace he sleeps or how long he will stay there. You can never tell where to find him, and It would be almost Impossible to lay a plan for his abduction. He has all the walls of his palace city lighted, and when the electric plant is In full blast every corner will be as bright at night as it is in the day time. He sleeps in rooms guarded 'by' eunuchs, and in receiving his officials they are required to come into the palace during the daytime, and they wait around until his majesty is ready to receive them in the evening. As soon as it becomes dusk the gates which enter the palace are closed with heavy doors plated with iron. They are locked with massive iron bars, and the keys are taken in to the king. It is death to any one, outside of the gatekeeper, to touch the locks, and they are so heavy that one of tnem is a load for a man. The scenes about these gates are more gorgeous than those of the "Arabian Nights' They are surrounded by all the queer characters who make up official Corea. There are soldiers In plum-colored pantaloons and blue coats. There are ihe king's musicians in yellow, and' there are all sorts of ggrgeousservants, dressed in bright gowns. J Men.wjkh paddles for whip ping -the people sqttt.rrnider the walls, their sleeves jolled up,rto Ihe shoulder and their brawny musd.es readv -for action. There are georgeously .caparisoned ponies, who stamp their feet and neigh. There are leopard-skin-covored chairs watched by servants in livery, awaiting the com ing out of their owners, who have gone In to see the king. There are lackeys of all sorts, and as you look you see that the "Black Crook" Is here outdone. There are no such gorgeous people on the planet as these officials. Here comes one of them on horseback. He has a servant on each side to steady him as he sits in the sad dle. Another servant leads the horse, and he fans himself as he rides through the streets. His gown is of light-blue silk. and he looks clean enough to be eaten. I doubt, however, whether investigation would show this to be the case, and it makes me think of the young society lady who, before going to a party, yells down to her mother as follows: "Say, ma, shall I wash for a high or a low-necked dress?" Just behind this man, looking even more gorgeous, comes another noble riding on a monocycle, with six men pushing and carrying him. The machine runs on the bicycle principle, and it has been in use In Corea for ages. The people go down on their knees as he passes by, and he is un doubtedly a very high official indeed. He has on official boots of black broadcloth. A $15 horsehair cap covers his head, and the leopard-skin, which is only permitted to be used by officials, covers the back of his chair. I note that the other officials get out of their chairs when they meet him. This is etiquette in Corea. and it provides that the man of low rank must never be above a man of higher station. A3 tho monocycle approaches the gaudy dude on horseback sees him, and his fan drops in dismay. He is proud, and he doesn't like to get down, but there is no help for it. He is an under-offlcer, and he cannot tower above the man in the chair. He orders his servants to stop- They lift him off his horse and he walks along while hla superior rides by. As the chair comes up, its retinue of servants howl to all to get out of tho way and to bow down be fore the great man they are carrying. And they do bow, and they bow quick. The of ficials of Corea do not like to meet each other on the streets, because of humiliations which they have to undergo of this nature. One day I saw the king's father go into the palace, and a dozen high officials had to get out and walk in order to do him honor. I could see they were all angry at having to do so. It is these nobles who have ruined Corea. The country is said to be poor, but the officials roll In wealth, and it is a wonder to me where they get all the money they spend. They dress In the finest of silk, and the ordinary man of rank who has access to the palace weara a green gown containing enough silk to make a lady's ball dress. The best of Corean hats cost from $10 upwards, and everything is high. Their expenses in keeping up their establishments must be heavy. Many of them carry from 10 to 100 servants with them when they go along the streets, and these are all lodged In their own quarters. A Corean noble's home consists of a number of one-story buildings surrounded by a wall, which, in the city, opens upon the street by a gate, which is so made that you cannot see in side of the yard when it is open. Hajf of this wall Is made up of buildings of one-story rooms, eight feet square, and these are the quarters of the servants. The noble has several houses for himself inside the yard, and a number of build ings for his wife and concubines. He lives very well. His home Is by no means an uncomfortable one, and with its wide verandas, its queerly-shaped ridged roofs and its warm rooms, heated by fires under the floor, he can, if he -has enough money, live vary well. This money he gets by squeezing the people. It all comes from the men who grub the soil, and from the offices which the king's officials give tn him for a. consideration Such an ofii- Ciai is fairly well educated from a Chinese 1 JA3FCTA.RY IS 1S95. standpolnt. He has learned to read the Chinese, and he can read and write the Corean. He has passed the examinations by which the king selects his officials, and If he can keep up his share of the king's revenue, his office is usually left with him. Many such men write poe try, and are good talkers, and men of much more than ordinary intelligence, and the whole nation has the making of a very good people, if any method can be evolved by which corruption may be done away with, and property rights be pre served. I had an opportunity to get Inside of the palace walls once or twice, in addition to the trip which I made through the grounds when I called upon the king. The build ings are surrounded by a wall, and they are built within pens, each of which con tains from two tn fmn- nirot rnf. Tti i - - ....? ..-f .... ... ; going to the king you have to pass through from six to a dozen buildings, and everywhere you go you meet soldiers and eunuchs. The king's bodyguard confronts you at every turn, and there are servants by the tens of hundreds. There are 500 of these bodyguards and each of these is so strong that he has to lift a bar of Iron, six feet long and weighing 100 pounds, from the ground and hold it at arm's length above his head. This is the test which the sol diers undergo before they are admitted to the guard. If you will straighten out your arm, bend over and take a rod of iron weighing 100 pounds and attempt to lift it above your head without bending your arm, you will see something of the wonderful strength these men possess. A number of them arc always close to the king, and they surround his chair as be goes from one palace to another, and as they go they wail out a chant, which means something like this: "Soldiers, pro tect your king." The eunuchs are also ubiquitous, both In China and Corea. These men have great power. They are said to be wise counsel lors, and they certainly have a great deal to do with the administration of govern mental affairs here. None but eunuchs are allowed to valt upon the queen, and her majesty has palaces, soldiers and a retinue of her own. They dress like the high officials, with long gowns reaching to their feet, and horsehair caps. They have long, yellow, sober faces. Their voices have a high falsetto pitch and they move about with a snake-like quietness. The Corcans are very superstitious. They have their astrologers, and one of the prophets of the past said that the present dynasty would last, only 500 years. This time is now up, and the people look upon the war to a certain extent as a de cree of the fates, and some of them think that the king's days are numbered. The king himself is very progressive, and he would like to improve his people. He may be able to do so if he can control his of ficials, and he will be able to do this only through the Japanese. There is very little Known about the government of Corea, and it will be surprising to many people to know that it has a fixed organization, and that there are departments In Seoul much like those at Washington. These are supposed to control the affairs of the kingdom, and in times past they have practically controlled the king. The king, with the aid of the Japanese, is now run ning the machine, and it is probable that some of the rebellions throughout the country are fomented by the officials. The government of Corea consists of the king and his officials In Seoul, and a vast number of officials who are scattered over the country. The kingdom is divided up into eight different provinces. Each of these provinces has a governor, who is ap pointed by the king, and it is divided up into counties or districts, each of which "has its officers. Every city or district of 10,000 houses or less has a magistrate, who is a sort of ruler and judge. He collects all the taxes and passes upon all disputes. He Is a man of power, and every one bows down before him. Corea has be tween 300 and 400 of these magistrates and they practically run the kingdom out side of Seoul. They collect the taxes, and they have scores of scribes about them, who are a sort of political strikers, and who do the dirty work for them. These lower officers all pay those above them for their offices, and they expect to get back their money out of the people. The poor farmer, In fact, has to pay taxes over and over again, and if he gets anything ahead it is squeezed out of him by torture or paddling. The high officials of Seoul are numerous, though the most of them have fled to the country on account of the war. I was told that there were eight vice-presidents to the home office, when I was in Seoul, and there were a number of vice-presidents to the foreign office. In this office there are about 15 clerks and nearly as many secretaries of state. The king has two men who are supposed to be his closest advisers, and these are called the minis ters of the right and left. All of these officials when they go to the palace take their toilet cases and wardrobes with them, and a servant always trots behind carrying their extra clothes, combs, brushes and other chamber furniture. They have to wait a long time often be fore they can see the king, and they can not get out of the palace before the sun rises. The official work is done outside of the palace, but the offices are not in full blast until about high noon. The Coreans, although the laws do not permit the men to go on the streets at night, are fond of late hours. They sit and gossip among themselves, and their parties are always of one sex. They are always either stag parties or hen parties, and the men dearly love the flowing bowl. There are more old men gossipers in Corea than there are old maid gossipers in America. It is not an uncommon thing for a crowd of young and middle-aged men to spend a night in chattering, singing and in the writing of poetry- In poetry they use the Chinese characters, and the Chinese is the official court language. I may speak in another letter of their edu cation and schools. They are queer in every way, and though they have many things which, are cruel and bad, they are, on the whole, a very refined people, and are good-natured and kindly. There is one class ot government offi cials, however, which Corea has which we do not find in America, and which are now restricted to Corea and China. These are the censors. They are appointed by the king, and.it is their business to travel over the country and see that justice is admin istered. There are perhaps a dozen of them under the government. They go about In all rorts of ways, and perform the part of official detectives. No one is supposed to l:now who they are. They may appear In the disguise of a coolie or a ped dler, and they will settle In a town ruled by an unjust magistrate and live among the poor. They find out whether the peo ple are complaining, and if their complaints are just they have the power to rem edy them. Each of them carries the king's seal, and they have the right to order any head off below that of a governor. They have of late years, however, been very cor rupt, I am told, and have been bribed by the officials. The Japanese, who are now controlling the country, are doing what they can to put down this bribery. It is a herculean task, and it is believed by the foreigners in Corea that the cleaning of the Augean stables of Corean official cor ruption is a bitrger job than the conquer ing of China. How It will turn out time only can tell. FRANK G. CARPENTER. It Is a. Xatlve or the West. But four destructive tornadoes have visited the New England states during the past 50 years. The ones referred to occurred at the places and upon the dates annexed below: West Cambridge and Medford, 1S50: Keene, N. H., 1S55; Pltts field, Mass., 1S79, and Lawrence, Mass., 1S90. To Exterminate the Ants. The London Standard says that the government of Trinidad has passed an ordinance for the extermination of para sol ants. These ants strip trees of their leaves, and carry them to their nests in about 21 hours' time. A CLOSE INSPECTION BAB TAKES .V LOOIC AT SOCIETY AVO.UEX. She Has a Great Deal of Plain Talk to Give About Women in Gen eral and Their Ways. NEW YORK. Jan. 9. What a deal of difference it makes as to the glasses we wear when we look at the world and the people therein. To see it as It really is, to see the faults and Virtues, the kindness and sweetness of the men and women who compose It, we need to look at It, not through the green spectacles of envy and discontent, not even through those that are too rosy and make everything seem good, but instead we need to choose those wonderful glasses made of the finest and clearest pebbles, permitting the looker-on to see everything as It really is. A good many people behave as if they always wore the green glasses that show hatred, malice, meanness and all uncharitable ness through them. Then, again, because there Is sunshine in one's own life, one is convinced that all the world Is just as It seems and that unhappy or troubled people do not exist. This extreme is almost as bad as the other, and, what you and I want, my friend, are the clear glasses that do not exaggerate In any way. We want to see life, people, books, pictures, and beautiful belongings as they are to look the truth straight in the face, and to know that it is mighty and does prevail. HER HEART WITH THE POOR. The average man and woman is Inclined to think that she of whom they read as being gay, rich and beautiful, does not trouble herself either about the sorrows' of theworld, or how to relieve them. That Is one mistake. The fashionable woman is really a busy one, but she manages to have her pet charity, to work faithfully for it, give to it plentifully, and some times she forces her friends to do like wise. A silly idea, the result of foolish stories, that idealizes the poor and in sists that hearts do not beat under silk or satin as they do under cotton or wool, exists. The best contradiction is to see the rich woman in the hospitals, not only at holiday time, but all the year round. To see these women carrying jellies and delicacies to the tenement houses, and entertaining gracefully and graciously (as does Mrs. Fred. Vanderbllt), party after party of working girls, members of the club to which she belongs, an emphatic denial In itself. ALWAYS IN PRETTY FROCKS. In the hospitals, and down among the tenement houses, It Is preferred that he rich woman comes well dressed. Those women, on the other side, like to see -the pretty gowns, and feel that, if they 'are w.orth visiting at all, they are worth dressing for. I shall never forget the expression on a sick child's face after he had had standing- by his cot a charmingly pretty girl all feathers and ribbons, laces and furbelows; as she laid the bunches of holly berries on his bed, "he smoothed the silk of her gown caressingly and said, "I like you, you always look as if you had walked out of the fairy book." I tell you.myfriend, thecharltlesof the fashion able women are many, and If she were to give them up, the people on the other side would realize exactly what they had meant, and all that she had been to them. A QUESTION OF MANNERS. Looking through the glass with great care, I think as a nation, we may be set down as at once the most chivalrous and the worst mannered in the world. Too much independence of constitution has made too much independence of manner, and there is a slight inclination to respect neither weakness nor old age. A party of fashionable wpmen go to the opera, and talk through an entire scene make every body else uncomfortable and then, when some man, a real music-lover, who can only afford the opera once in a while, feels that he is being defrauded of his rights, and ventures to hiss the chattering contin gent, he is quoted as a boor. Now, that Is all wrong. The women who talk de serves to be hissed, and each one of them, ought to go home with her cheeks burning with shame, and think out, in the quiet ness of her own room, as to what con stitutes real politeness. WHERE HAS COURTESY GONE? We women, who crowd the street-cars that are already full, and look steadfastly and rudely at the man who does not rise and offer his seat, are very guilty. We go into a restaurant, where the tables are already crowded, select the one we would like to have, and wonder audibly and, oc casionally, loudly "why those people don't hurry up." We talk a great deal about re specting the rights of the nation, and we haven't the slightest particle of considera tion for the individual. Impoliteness ex ists In every class of society, and Is the one vice which the rich and poor share alike. Our young girls are in such a hurry to have a good time that they forget the deference due their mothers. Our sons are In such a hurry to make money that they disregard the advice and ignore the experience of the father, whom each one Is Inclined to call "the old man." Our servants, treated rudely and without con sideration, are impertinent, and are only a proof that the servant is reflecting the mis tress as in a looking-glass. Do you think that I am looking at things darkly? No! Think it all over yourself, and you will see that as a nation we are about as bad mannered as we can be, and that we will only attain politeness when each individual considers it a personal duty to be cour teous to each and every one in every grade of life. GENUINE AND IMITATION. It is funny how people write and talk about the "swell set" In New York, the "swagger set" and the "literary set." The best set is that one never heard of. It does not blazen forth its riches, but en joys them In comfort. It Is of blue blood and white reputation. Its daughters are not advertised In the -daily papers as pro fessional beauties, and its sons are not conspicuous among the horsey or fast sets. Charity and kindness are found among it. The men are honest and the women are above reproach. The set you read about is governed by the stock mar ket; is rich today and making a great dis play. It is possible that its downfall may be chronicled tomorrow, and It Is certain that it will be forgotten the day after. The so-called literary set has little to recommend Itsave that those who compose it mistake notoriety for fame. They talk about subjects they do not understand, and they display, in a curious manner. how a well-adverti3ed pill is swallowed without a question as to Its curative value. HOW TO GET IN. To get in the much-advertised set, the so-called swell one, requires very little. Simply the spending of plenty cf money, a skin somewhat thick and a tongue some what acrid. In the literary set, men are so scarce that they are accepted, no matter how, or through whom they come. You who are from some small town, wish that you could see all this gaiety, and regret that you are not in society. Really you can afford to laugh, for no one set makes society. Society proper is really the gath ering together of two or three, five or six. 25 or 100, as many as you will, who find much in life about which they agree, and who like to come together to exchange a pleasant word, pass a pleasant hour and realize what constitutes pleasures. The other is the basest imitation It isn't even good acting, and the people in it cannot believe that the gingerbread is improved by the gilt on it, that.it is worth offering to any one 'but the fool who jangles his cap and bells as If he were proud of his folly- THE EVOLUTION OF A BEAUTY. "But," said pretty Miss Primrose, "the newspapers bay that the great beauty, lb Miss Base Metal, was in one of the boxed at tho opera, wonderfully dressed, and oh, how I should like to be a beauty!" Now, Miss Primrose herself has a sweet, soft skin, clear gray eyes, while her brown hair Is drawn back In a great knot, from which little tendrils will escape and curl about her neck. I take up the spectacles of, truth, and I say, "My dear, the young lady you talk about Is not a beauty, except by report. The newspapers must have some thing to write about, and when this girl appeared, as she was ordinarily good look ing and had BOTH CHIC AND CHEEK, she called herself a beauty, forced her self on the notice of the world, insisted upon her perfections until people who had never thought of her at all accepted her own acount of her loveliness, and so the name has stuck to her. She has the fair complexion of a Swede, hair and eyes to correspond and an absolutely expression less face. Her reputation Is like that of a successful patent medicine: the result of good advertising-. The handsomest women In America come from the smaller cities, and If New York wanted a beauty show it would have to draw Its best cards from Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond, New Orleans, St. Louis and San Francisco, not to mention Chicago and Louisville." Little Miss Primrose is satisfied and i3 wondering now about a certain fashiona ble marriage, and what the woman mar ried tho man for. I can't explain it. "WE'LL MERRILY MARRY." The reasons for marrying are so pe culiar. Some women marry because it is the proper thing to do. Some women marry because they want a home of their own. Somewomen marry because they haven't tho moral courage to remain single. Some women marry because they want a little more money in their purses and a little larger credit at the shops. Some women marry because they want "Mrs." put on their visiting cards. Some women marry because their moth ers want them to. Somo women marry because a man has asked them to and they don't like to say no. Somo women marry for money money and nothing else. Some women marry because they love the man, because they want to be his wife, his friend and his companion; because they want to make him feel there is ono woman in the world whom he can love and cherish, i.nd from whom he will re ceive love and consideration in return. Because they want to feel that if sorrow comes, ho has a sympathizing, loving friend close beside him and that in the day Of joy there is one that can give him smile for smile. These are the women worth) marrying. The others are of little worth, and never would be missed If they dropped out of the matrimonial handicap. That sounds a little racy, but It Is what it is called sometimes. Marriage Is too often handi capped by lack of love, lack of compan ionship, lack cf sympathy. You want your boy to get the exceptional woman, and so do I, for what a man is is what tho woman ho loves makes him. Women rule everything. Really the court, the camp, the grove. And just as really, all men below and saints above. What is your special kingdom? It ought to be a comfortable home. And who is your spe cial slave? It ought to be a loving man. If it isn't so, I am sorry for you. If it 13 so, I congratulate you. Congratulate you most sincerely, and when that is said by tho lips, it comes from the heart of BAB. a gaa ura&tsuiti &y wwa Tho Largest Manufacturers of , PURE, HIGH GRADE eOGOAS AfID CHOCOLATES On thii Continent, hero receircd HIGHEST AWARDS from thegrut Industrial and Food EXPOSITIONS in Europe and America. Unlike the Dntchl'rocem. no Alk a- jlijor other Chemical or Dyes re ntrtl in inr of thir nrenar&tions. AnclrCeiiciougBKEAKlr-ASr COCOA Is BDscumejy pus and lolabl and corn less than oaz cent a cvp. SOLD BY GROCERS EVERYWHERE. WALTER DASER6 GO. DOBCHESTEB. MASS. if 'BEfORE. ' AFTEfU J fot 7rt riislcn VJ This exwa ordiaary Be Javenator i3 the most wonderful diGCOvery of tho age. 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