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Page 6, S e ctio n II. P ortland O bserver. February 25. 1987
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1 t 1
In N e w York C ity, b o y c o tts were aim ed at com p an ies th a t did n o t hire A fro
A m e rica n s
P rote sts against the c ity 's po w e r co m p a n y in clu d e d pa yin g
bills w ith pennies and using candles in place o f electric lig h ts on "B la ck
T u e s d a y s ." C rew describes these a ctio n s as " th e seedbed fo r the Civil
R ights M o ve m e n t o f th e 1960s "
A lth o u g h the y w e re th e last hired and first fired , black m ig ra n ts fo u n d
som e solace in the fa c t th a t their salaries a m o u n te d to tw o and three tim es
w ages paid S o u th e rn blacks
S e ttin g a un iq ue exam ple, the Ford M o to r
C o m p a n y's River Rogue plan t in M ich ig a n hired A fro A m erican s for assem
bly line w o rk and o th e r p o sitio n s But even at Ford, m o st black em ployees
w o rke d in ja n ito ria l or unskilled fo u n d ry po sitio ns
"T h e ne w kinds o f w o rk the y fo u n d were d iffe re n t fro m a n yth in g blacks
had k n o w n b e fo re ," C re w p o in ts o u t "T h e ir ro u tin e s as in d u stria l laborors
were m ore re g im e n te d than as a g ricu ltu ra l w o rke rs fa c to ry w o rk cou ld be
up to 12 ho urs a day, six days a week It w as very d iffe re n t fro m the sea
sonal v a ria tio n s o f the farm."
B elieving firm ly th a t ed u ca tio n w o u ld be the key to the ir eco no m ic ad
van cem e nt, m ig ra n ts and their ch ild re n to o k ad van ta ge o f the available
sch o o lin g in the N o rth A lth o u g h th e schools w ere fre q u e n tly segregated
and black schools received less fu n d in g than w h ite schools alm ost tw ic e
as m an y black stu d e n ts c o m p le te d high scho ol in the N o rth than in the
S o u th , and m any a d u lts re tu rn e d to scho ol to co m p le te their ed uca tion
As alw ays, th e c h u rch w as a refug e " I n the N o rth , w h ere religious ser
vices w e re m ore reserved, th e m ig ra n ts fo u n d e d their o w n churches so
that services co u ld be m ore like those services back h o m e ," acco rding to
Crew They also co p e d by d ra w in g heavily on the tra d itio n s o f rural cooper
atio n. A n d as the A fro A m erican n e ig h b o rh o o d s gre w , they w ere able to
su p p o rt m ore black o w n e d businesses
Funeral hom es, be au ty cu ltu re
esta blishm en ts, savings and loan associations and new spapers flourished
W as it w o rth the journey? W ere th in g s th a t m u ch better in the N o rth
NOTARY
for A fro A m ericans? " I t w as as m u ch a m atter of p e rcep tion as circu m
stance, Crew says S om e fo u n d the changes sig n ific a n t w h ile oth ers did
black people W h e th e r or not the m ove N o rth w as bene ficial detrended on
in d ivid u a l pe rce p tio n s
□J®*"'
T h e F o rd M o t o r C o m p a n y 's R iv e r R o u g e p la n t. D e a rb o rn . M ic h
e m p lo y e d m o re b la c k w o r k e r s b e fo re 1935 th a n a n y o th e r a u to m o
b ile m a n u fa c tu r e r
T h e p la n t th e n w a s th e o n ly o n e to h ire b la c k s
fo r a s s e m b ly lin e w o r k
J X M I A M O K X ASSÍX IA I KS
ME T ax SERVICE
onsultant
• TAX PLANNING «
• PROFESSIONAL TYPING
M ALCOLM X
B o rn M a lc o lm L ittle o n M a y 1925, in O m a h a . N e b r a s k a ,
a n d a s s is s in a te d o n F e b ru a ry 21. 1965 in N e w Y o rk C ity
JOE I
I OH
I ■« ( lim u lla n i
DÌ
1) M A L C O L M , w h ile w ith T h e B la c k M u s lim s p ro v id e d th e s m q le for« »•
fu l « » Itffn a tive to R e v e re n d M a r tin L u th e r K in g
Jr
s n o n v io le n t id e o lo g y
3833 N E K ilh n s w o r th
P o rtla n d . OR 97211
d u rin g th e N e g ro < iv il r ig h ts m o v e m e n t (1955 to a p p ro *
OPEN 9 4 30 El 6 9 00
c o in t id e m e is
M AI COl M
E.i« h o f th e n firs t n a m e s
h a n g e d h is sla ve n.im»
a n d last n a m e s (In d o re
e a c h tra v e le d a d iffe re n t
So d u n , kj this very special m o n th
■niplnie y „ u
SEEK F,ND vo u , s,.l(
B LA C K H IS T O R Y M O N T H I
(h),
YQU
S H A L l „la y
the h u m a n rig h ts stru g g le that w e ate A LL still v e iy m uch
< p a n ot I e n co u ia g e you to REM EM BER and above all else
SHARE
the aw tie ,le ss YO U W IL L FIN D in R EM EM BER IN G
O n ly th o s e w h o SEEK w ill F IN D th e a n s w e rs tfia t tio ld th e key to
real
M ALCOLM X
p ro g re s s in o u r s tru g g le
>r o t t h r bl.H k n a tio n a lis t
21 M A I C O L M w a s th e m u s t <•)).•. liv e
s tra te g y
In essent «• M A I C O l M X w a s a
a n d p rid e in o u rs e lv e s
i» stou*i
o t o u t h e rita g e . i.n i* jin d t*
606 N E Fremont
287-5656
Hours 6 3 0 -6 0 0
2'h - 6 years old
S tu d e n ts L e a rn L a n g u a g e
S k ills W ith V o c a b b a g e
P a tc h K id s '
Back to Basics and Lots ot Loving Care
Cabbage Patch Kids and Gat
bage P.nl Kids d o n 't have possibih
ties as tea chin g too ls
U tiliz e th e P SU L ib ra ry o n c a m p u s
T h e y h a v e s e le c tio n s
y o u w ill m o re th a n lik e ly fin d n o w h e r e e ls e
N o t o n ly o n
M A L C O L M h u t o n US
ao a w a re n e s s ju s t
e m e rg in g fo r us (Bla< k s l as a p e o p le in th e p a s t fe w d e c a d e s
M A I C O l M X ds m .in y o th e r rtkkolu t to n d u e s
DAY CARE CENTER
»
M I
sto o d fo t w h a t m ost th o u g h t his dream s his plans and ideas m eant fo t us
W as his sight to o o u t o f sight fo i us to envision? I T H IN K NOT No
I K N O W N O T ' ' I ' Because his giea te st dream w as th a t o f Black S olid arity
H a v e w e a c c o m p lis h e d th a t? It is still a dream
th a t C AN and W IL L
be REALIZED Each and every one o f our e ffo rts being sig n ifica n t to this
END
W fi.it else m n jh t th e se t w o g o .it Bla< k m e n h a v e h a d in t u in m o n ?
l o forg«*t M A L C O I M X w o u ld t>e to fo rg e t SELF
f ■' J
A n ironic
b e g a n w ith th e sa m e le tte rs
<»nd (he ir tjo .ils fnr o u r p e o p le w e n - th e S A M I
ro a d
1965)
b o th o f th e s e in te llifje n t B la c k m e n w e re a s s a s s in a te d at
th e te n d e r a g e o f 39
‘faw /ieM e J cyan Scfiaot
ç ÍLeamuiq
In 1937, th is G e e B e n d , A la c h u r c h , lik e m a n y o th e r s in th e S o u th ,
a ls o s e rv e d as a s c h o o l a n d m e e tin g p la c e f o r fr a te r n a l o r g a n ir a
tio n s
Th ink........... And Remember
BONDED
BOO*KEEPING A
LICENSED tax
not A fro A m erican s felt better ab ou t having a jo b and n o t ha vin g to w o rry
ab o u t being lyn ch e d
E conom ics w as n o t alw ays the m ajor fa cto r w h en
there w ere o th e r elem e nts to be considered
"T h e re is a m atter o f nuances ab o u t the m ig ra tio n ." C rew co n clu d e s
"T h e re is no ab solute answ er as to w h e th e r the era w as g o o d or bad for
C h a rle n e Fair
B la c k S tu d ie s D e p a r tm e n t
PSU
Electronics and
Energy Saving Cars
But "V o ca b h a g e P.iti h Kids do
Just ask the fo u rth grade class of
teacher T im o th y H ahn at Creston
Prim ary S cfio o l. 4701 S E Bush St
Openings in our
Kindergarten &
4-Yr. Old Class
2Va - 3-Yr. Old Class
R ead in g R eadiness
N u m b e r C o n c e p ts
Social S tudies
Arts & C rafts
, - i*
i
•
E d u catio n al Toys
•
•
Letters
N u m b e r C o n c e p ts
•
•
Social B ehavior
Arts & C rafts
f>r f*** Sfar» o/
• i a "
' *»
B lo o d P re s s u re C lin ic
■ « •*.’
VANS
C O M P L E T E A U T O S E R V IC E & T O W IN G
(D isc o u n t C e n te r)
SSTO Nf Union A S IS MT Kllllngoworth
Portland , Otaeon t r i t i
(S O H IS I AAAT 0 1 S 1 -7 S S ,
k
J
» O iT C A U
2 R 3 -S R 2 3
□
»U*« Uft
OM»V'I»
His stud ents selei t the desi n jttive
nam es, research the d e fin itio n s and
d ra w the p ictu re s to p ro d u ce their
o w n "K id s ' cards as part o f their
stu d y o f language usage
For fu rth e r in fo rm a tio n
please
c o n ta c t
T im othy Hahn or Creston
prim tpal Greg W ollack 280 6340 or
Jam es M V o ig t, p u b lic in fo rm a tio n
spei lalist, 249 3304 P ortla nd Public
S chools
la * , i oa « mau
tow rr AU’
• L'*l MV UB * « AJUAMJ
A p u b lic H yp erten sion (bloo d
pressure) S creening clin ic is sche
du le d Thursday, M a rch 19. 1987
fro m 1 30 3 p m at M e ridia n Park
H ospital Tualatin
The clin ic, staf
fed hy ho spita l nurses and auxiliary
volun te ers, w ill he held in the fust
flo u t cafe te ria co n fe re n ce room s
There is no charge, and no a jtp o in t
m erit is necessary
Fot m o te in fo r
m atio n, call 692 2666
M O B IL
• a«»Ai« ft
f l * , n » '» » r w u x ir
• ft«|AB|| OlUlA'I ••«W »T «WC < • *
• «AOiATO« MRvKI «l’ Aia (M lltu ilt
• ftOO » »• «X ■ *>• ■
• OtftlXAll ’ «I DltXÄ’ rftl« it » « * * r
» «
• » ■ « I l(T « A T |
OPEN
r OOAM to I 00PM a li dava i
S A V IN G !!!
800 N Killingsworth
*
*
283 3171
XPERT SERVICE ON
BRAKES. SHOCKS.
ALIGNMENT. TUNE U
FOR MANY DOMESTIC
AND IMPORT CARS
S erving P ortland For Over
30 Years
Deli Sale!
LUBE , O IL and
FILTER SERVICE
BRAKE SERVICE
a n
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TUNE .UP SERVICE
<m«ax
icnMax
39.U
44.U 49.M
,r n a
super savings on
lu n ch m eat, cheese,
Louis W. Roberts, 1913-
Louts W Roberts, physicist, mathe
matician and electronics specialist,
is Director of Energy and Environ
merit at the Transportation System
Center in Cambridge, Mass The
center, part of the U S Department
of Transjiortation, develops energy
conservation practices for the trans
portation industry Currently, the
industry uses about half of this
country’s total petroleum demand,
but is required by the Energy Con
servation Policy Act to reduce fuel
use in all vehicles.
Roberts' productive career has
included an assignment as chief
of the Optics and Microwave
Laboratory in the Electronics Re
search Center of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administra
tion. Earlier, he founded, and was
president of, his own microwave
concern. In addition to his industrial
and government research experience,
Roberts has served as a professor
of physics at Howard University and
professor of math and physics at
St. Augustine's College
Educated at Fisk University and the
University of Michigan, Roberts
holds 11 patents, all in electronic
devices, and has w ritten many
papers on electromagnetism, optics
and microwaves
CLAUDE SMITH, INC
Automotive & Industrial Equipment
m argerine, e tc . . .
P * - «*>>
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AIR COMOTVOMfR tTRVICC
Open Mon. Sat 9 30 6 00
R wchw* 9« p r» -o a
SpwciRJiie
m Transm ission
Groceries Below
Wholesale Pricesll
w o rk s
2432 N.E. Union Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97212
Bus. (503) 288 6771
Foodstamps W tlcom al
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