*■ Page 6, S e ctio n II. P ortland O bserver. February 25. 1987 ** ’ * 1 t 1 In N e w York C ity, b o y c o tts were aim ed at com p an ies th a t did n o t hire A fro A m e rica n s P rote sts against the c ity 's po w e r co m p a n y in clu d e d pa yin g bills w ith pennies and using candles in place o f electric lig h ts on "B la ck T u e s d a y s ." C rew describes these a ctio n s as " th e seedbed fo r the Civil R ights M o ve m e n t o f th e 1960s " A lth o u g h the y w e re th e last hired and first fired , black m ig ra n ts fo u n d som e solace in the fa c t th a t their salaries a m o u n te d to tw o and three tim es w ages paid S o u th e rn blacks S e ttin g a un iq ue exam ple, the Ford M o to r C o m p a n y's River Rogue plan t in M ich ig a n hired A fro A m erican s for assem bly line w o rk and o th e r p o sitio n s But even at Ford, m o st black em ployees w o rke d in ja n ito ria l or unskilled fo u n d ry po sitio ns "T h e ne w kinds o f w o rk the y fo u n d were d iffe re n t fro m a n yth in g blacks had k n o w n b e fo re ," C re w p o in ts o u t "T h e ir ro u tin e s as in d u stria l laborors were m ore re g im e n te d than as a g ricu ltu ra l w o rke rs fa c to ry w o rk cou ld be up to 12 ho urs a day, six days a week It w as very d iffe re n t fro m the sea sonal v a ria tio n s o f the farm." B elieving firm ly th a t ed u ca tio n w o u ld be the key to the ir eco no m ic ad van cem e nt, m ig ra n ts and their ch ild re n to o k ad van ta ge o f the available sch o o lin g in the N o rth A lth o u g h th e schools w ere fre q u e n tly segregated and black schools received less fu n d in g than w h ite schools alm ost tw ic e as m an y black stu d e n ts c o m p le te d high scho ol in the N o rth than in the S o u th , and m any a d u lts re tu rn e d to scho ol to co m p le te their ed uca tion As alw ays, th e c h u rch w as a refug e " I n the N o rth , w h ere religious ser vices w e re m ore reserved, th e m ig ra n ts fo u n d e d their o w n churches so that services co u ld be m ore like those services back h o m e ," acco rding to Crew They also co p e d by d ra w in g heavily on the tra d itio n s o f rural cooper atio n. A n d as the A fro A m erican n e ig h b o rh o o d s gre w , they w ere able to su p p o rt m ore black o w n e d businesses Funeral hom es, be au ty cu ltu re esta blishm en ts, savings and loan associations and new spapers flourished W as it w o rth the journey? W ere th in g s th a t m u ch better in the N o rth NOTARY for A fro A m ericans? " I t w as as m u ch a m atter of p e rcep tion as circu m stance, Crew says S om e fo u n d the changes sig n ific a n t w h ile oth ers did black people W h e th e r or not the m ove N o rth w as bene ficial detrended on in d ivid u a l pe rce p tio n s □J®*"' T h e F o rd M o t o r C o m p a n y 's R iv e r R o u g e p la n t. D e a rb o rn . M ic h e m p lo y e d m o re b la c k w o r k e r s b e fo re 1935 th a n a n y o th e r a u to m o b ile m a n u fa c tu r e r T h e p la n t th e n w a s th e o n ly o n e to h ire b la c k s fo r a s s e m b ly lin e w o r k J X M I A M O K X ASSÍX IA I KS ME T ax SERVICE onsultant • TAX PLANNING « • PROFESSIONAL TYPING M ALCOLM X B o rn M a lc o lm L ittle o n M a y 1925, in O m a h a . N e b r a s k a , a n d a s s is s in a te d o n F e b ru a ry 21. 1965 in N e w Y o rk C ity JOE I I OH I ■« ( lim u lla n i DÌ 1) M A L C O L M , w h ile w ith T h e B la c k M u s lim s p ro v id e d th e s m q le for« »• fu l « » Itffn a tive to R e v e re n d M a r tin L u th e r K in g Jr s n o n v io le n t id e o lo g y 3833 N E K ilh n s w o r th P o rtla n d . OR 97211 d u rin g th e N e g ro < iv il r ig h ts m o v e m e n t (1955 to a p p ro * OPEN 9 4 30 El 6 9 00 c o in t id e m e is M AI COl M E.i« h o f th e n firs t n a m e s h a n g e d h is sla ve n.im» a n d last n a m e s (In d o re e a c h tra v e le d a d iffe re n t So d u n , kj this very special m o n th ■niplnie y „ u SEEK F,ND vo u , s,.l( B LA C K H IS T O R Y M O N T H I (h), YQU S H A L l „la y the h u m a n rig h ts stru g g le that w e ate A LL still v e iy m uch < p a n ot I e n co u ia g e you to REM EM BER and above all else SHARE the aw tie ,le ss YO U W IL L FIN D in R EM EM BER IN G O n ly th o s e w h o SEEK w ill F IN D th e a n s w e rs tfia t tio ld th e key to real M ALCOLM X p ro g re s s in o u r s tru g g le >r o t t h r bl.H k n a tio n a lis t 21 M A I C O L M w a s th e m u s t <•)).•. liv e s tra te g y In essent «• M A I C O l M X w a s a a n d p rid e in o u rs e lv e s i» stou*i o t o u t h e rita g e . i.n i* jin d t* 606 N E Fremont 287-5656 Hours 6 3 0 -6 0 0 2'h - 6 years old S tu d e n ts L e a rn L a n g u a g e S k ills W ith V o c a b b a g e P a tc h K id s ' Back to Basics and Lots ot Loving Care Cabbage Patch Kids and Gat bage P.nl Kids d o n 't have possibih ties as tea chin g too ls U tiliz e th e P SU L ib ra ry o n c a m p u s T h e y h a v e s e le c tio n s y o u w ill m o re th a n lik e ly fin d n o w h e r e e ls e N o t o n ly o n M A L C O L M h u t o n US ao a w a re n e s s ju s t e m e rg in g fo r us (Bla< k s l as a p e o p le in th e p a s t fe w d e c a d e s M A I C O l M X ds m .in y o th e r rtkkolu t to n d u e s DAY CARE CENTER » M I sto o d fo t w h a t m ost th o u g h t his dream s his plans and ideas m eant fo t us W as his sight to o o u t o f sight fo i us to envision? I T H IN K NOT No I K N O W N O T ' ' I ' Because his giea te st dream w as th a t o f Black S olid arity H a v e w e a c c o m p lis h e d th a t? It is still a dream th a t C AN and W IL L be REALIZED Each and every one o f our e ffo rts being sig n ifica n t to this END W fi.it else m n jh t th e se t w o g o .it Bla< k m e n h a v e h a d in t u in m o n ? l o forg«*t M A L C O I M X w o u ld t>e to fo rg e t SELF f ■' J A n ironic b e g a n w ith th e sa m e le tte rs <»nd (he ir tjo .ils fnr o u r p e o p le w e n - th e S A M I ro a d 1965) b o th o f th e s e in te llifje n t B la c k m e n w e re a s s a s s in a te d at th e te n d e r a g e o f 39 ‘faw /ieM e J cyan Scfiaot ç ÍLeamuiq In 1937, th is G e e B e n d , A la c h u r c h , lik e m a n y o th e r s in th e S o u th , a ls o s e rv e d as a s c h o o l a n d m e e tin g p la c e f o r fr a te r n a l o r g a n ir a tio n s Th ink........... And Remember BONDED BOO*KEEPING A LICENSED tax not A fro A m erican s felt better ab ou t having a jo b and n o t ha vin g to w o rry ab o u t being lyn ch e d E conom ics w as n o t alw ays the m ajor fa cto r w h en there w ere o th e r elem e nts to be considered "T h e re is a m atter o f nuances ab o u t the m ig ra tio n ." C rew co n clu d e s "T h e re is no ab solute answ er as to w h e th e r the era w as g o o d or bad for C h a rle n e Fair B la c k S tu d ie s D e p a r tm e n t PSU Electronics and Energy Saving Cars But "V o ca b h a g e P.iti h Kids do Just ask the fo u rth grade class of teacher T im o th y H ahn at Creston Prim ary S cfio o l. 4701 S E Bush St Openings in our Kindergarten & 4-Yr. Old Class 2Va - 3-Yr. Old Class R ead in g R eadiness N u m b e r C o n c e p ts Social S tudies Arts & C rafts , - i* i • E d u catio n al Toys • • Letters N u m b e r C o n c e p ts • • Social B ehavior Arts & C rafts f>r f*** Sfar» o/ • i a " ' *» B lo o d P re s s u re C lin ic ■ « •*.’ VANS C O M P L E T E A U T O S E R V IC E & T O W IN G (D isc o u n t C e n te r) SSTO Nf Union A S IS MT Kllllngoworth Portland , Otaeon t r i t i (S O H IS I AAAT 0 1 S 1 -7 S S , k J » O iT C A U 2 R 3 -S R 2 3 □ »U*« Uft OM»V'I» His stud ents selei t the desi n jttive nam es, research the d e fin itio n s and d ra w the p ictu re s to p ro d u ce their o w n "K id s ' cards as part o f their stu d y o f language usage For fu rth e r in fo rm a tio n please c o n ta c t T im othy Hahn or Creston prim tpal Greg W ollack 280 6340 or Jam es M V o ig t, p u b lic in fo rm a tio n spei lalist, 249 3304 P ortla nd Public S chools la * , i oa « mau tow rr AU’ • L'*l MV UB * « AJUAMJ A p u b lic H yp erten sion (bloo d pressure) S creening clin ic is sche du le d Thursday, M a rch 19. 1987 fro m 1 30 3 p m at M e ridia n Park H ospital Tualatin The clin ic, staf fed hy ho spita l nurses and auxiliary volun te ers, w ill he held in the fust flo u t cafe te ria co n fe re n ce room s There is no charge, and no a jtp o in t m erit is necessary Fot m o te in fo r m atio n, call 692 2666 M O B IL • a«»Ai« ft f l * , n » '» » r w u x ir • ft«|AB|| OlUlA'I ••«W »T «WC < • * • «AOiATO« MRvKI «l’ Aia (M lltu ilt • ftOO » »• «X ■ *>• ■ • OtftlXAll ’ «I DltXÄ’ rftl« it » « * * r » « • » ■ « I l(T « A T | OPEN r OOAM to I 00PM a li dava i S A V IN G !!! 800 N Killingsworth * * 283 3171 XPERT SERVICE ON BRAKES. SHOCKS. ALIGNMENT. TUNE U FOR MANY DOMESTIC AND IMPORT CARS S erving P ortland For Over 30 Years Deli Sale! LUBE , O IL and FILTER SERVICE BRAKE SERVICE a n OO 4SUJÖ S Z U a«l « * ».ft i T ■ t ad» » . a»«» »e- P » ad -dM TUNE .UP SERVICE > » AIR COMOTVOMfR tTRVICC Open Mon. Sat 9 30 6 00 R wchw* 9« p r» -o a SpwciRJiie m Transm ission Groceries Below Wholesale Pricesll w o rk s 2432 N.E. Union Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97212 Bus. (503) 288 6771 Foodstamps W tlcom al ■i - S * ' : I . > * - ■ t - * • K* * À ** ' *• AI • ‘ . J» • •