Portland observer., March 25, 1976, Page 3, Image 3

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Portland Observer
The great energy debate
by Jon S te w a rt
SAN F R A N C ISC O . (P N 8) - The twin
issues of energy and the environment are
emerging from the campaign rhetoric of
the preaidential sweepstakes aa among
the central problema facing the nation •
and the candidatea.
On both the Republican and Democra­
tic fronts, campaign aidea are buaily
drafting and iaauing position papera on
auch matters aa nuclear energy, oil
imporla, aynthetic fuel development, na­
tural gas deregulation, atripmining, and
offshore oil drilling.
Those isauea, they agree, will largely
shape our future lifestyles, economy,
employment patterns and even foreign
policy. They may alao play a role in
determining who occupies the W hite
House in 1977.
Toward that end the Washington,
D.C. based lea g u e of Conservation Vo­
ters has prepared an indepth evaluation
of each candidate's declared position and
voting record on fourteen key energy and
environmental issues. The candidates
are rated from A to F on each issue.
The league, a non partisan organiza
tion composed of representatives from
such groups as the Sierra Club, the Isaac
Walton leagu e and Friends of the Earth,
actively supports favored candidates. It
claimed thirteen congressional victories
out of seventeen candidates it actively
supported in the last congressional elec
lions.
I t clearly has political clout,
particularly among the hundreds of thou
sands of voters who belong to its affiliat
ed institutions.
A preview of the league report - soon
to be released - reveals that Democrats
Morris Udall and Jimmy Carter will
share the top honors.
Each is rated
"outstanding" on both energy strategy
and environmental principles.
A t the other end. President Gerald
Ford and Alabama Governor George
nuclear plant construction.
C arter is particularly well informed on
the nuclear power issue, having done
graduate study as a nuclear engineer.
"When Carter talks about safety ha
zards, types of plants and disposal prob
lems he knows what he's talking about,"
says League Chairperson Marion Edey.
Both candidates have also opposed
uncontrolled stripmining. Udall was floor
manager for the stripmining bill in the
Senate, and C arter says stripmining is
"not a logical approach to meeting energy
requirements.”
C arter and Udall are also on record as
supporting greater federal control and
participation in the setting of oil import
quotas and domestic oil and gas explora
tion.
They share the belief that oil
companies should not own other fuel
sources, such as uranium and coal.
Both have expressed varying degrees
of opposition to the vertical integration of
the major oil companies, saying they
would split the wholesale and retail ends
of the business away from production and
refining.
Alternate fuel sources, such as geo
thermal and solar, would be assigned
greater priorities than at present by botl
Wallace share the dubious distinction of
"hopeless" ratings.
Former California
Governor Ronald Reagan does slightly
better with an overall "bad" score.
In between, with ratings of "iair" to
"poor,” come Fred Harris, Senator Henry
Jackson, Senator Hubert Humphrey and
Sargeant Shriver, in declining order.
The more recent entries into the
campaign, such as Senator Frank Church
and California Governor Edmund Brown,
have not been evaluated.
One key issue for the leagu e is nuclear
power.
Both Carter and Udall are opposed to
rapid development of nuclear power,
though neither support a moratorium on
C arter and Udall.
The leag u e gives its two favorites high
scores for being independent of either the
big unions or the corporations, while
most of the other candidates line up on
one side or the other.
C arter and Udall's policies contrast
sharply with those of their Republican
opponents, particularly in the areas of
nuclear power, federal controls over gas
and oil, and public participation in energy
development.
Ford favors rapid expansion of federal
offshore leasing and oil drilling; massive
federal subsidies for corporate develop
ment of synthetic fueL-i and the breeder
reactor; nullification of significant por
tions of the Clean A ir Act; a freezing on
auto emission standards; and the removal
of federal controls over oil pricing.
Ford has also pushed for deregulation
of natural gas and tax incentives for the
energy corporations. He is on record as
opposing public energy enterprises in
federal territories, and his administration
has lobbied against all attempts to break
up the oil companies. He twice vetoed
the federal stripmining bill.
Ford will find little to attack in the
energy policies of his Republican oppo­
nent, Ronald Reagan. The only sig"<fi-
cant difference to date is Reagan's plan to
turn federal programs over to the states
where, experience teaches, they may be
more vulnerable to the power of industry.
Reagan, like Ford, supports full scale
development of nuclear power. He would
push development of Western coal, uran­
ium, oil shale and other energy sources,
giving federal subsidies and tax incen
tives to private developers.
As Governor of California, Reagan
opposed the landmark coastal initiative,
which set strict standards over coastal
development. However, even his critics
agree that his record is strong on water
pollution.
Senator Henry Jackson is ranked in the
by Steve lx>ng
A former associate of the underground
Emiliano Zapata unit - already identified
as an FBI informant may also have been
an agent provocateur working with the
FB I. sources close to the unit have told
P N 8 (Pacific News Service).
Judy Stevenson. 28. was identified last
month by the FB I as the source of
information which led to the arrest of six
members of the New Dawn Party. FBI
special agent in charge Charles Bates
announced that all of thoae arrested were
linked to the underground Emiliano Za
pata unit.
The Zapata unit, a prime target of the
FB I for the past year, has claimed credit
for bombing five San Francisco Bay Area
Safeway stores and a Berkeley bank.
Now, some members of the New Dawn
party believe Stevenson was a paid agent
provocateur trying to lead New Dawn
members into rash actions.
They note that after one New Dawn
meeting Stevenson suggested the group
plant bombs inside Safeway stores to
blow up n on -U n ited F a rm W o rkers
grapes.
Such an action, say these
F B I agents raided the house, arresting all
six inhabitants, and confiscating ISO
pounds of explosive materials.
The F B I will neither confirm nor deny
that Stevenson was paid to inform.
However, it has been learned that
Stevenson told a close associate she had a
“very good friend" in the F B I who
reportedly told her to phone “if she ever
needed anything.”
Members of the New Dawn party
believe that Stevenson, like Sara Jane
M o ore, fab ric a te d an e la b o ra te past
which she believed would ingratiate her
to left activists.
She told associates that her father was
an "agent" whom she suspected had been
in the C IA . She said her father also
taught Indians at Wounded Knee, South
Dakota, and that she had lived there ard
in a small Mexican village.
Her most bizaare tale, say associates,
was that from the age of sixteen to
tw enty she had lived in Honolulu as the
wife of a mafioso who ran all the gambling
and prostitution on the island of Oahu.
She knew, she said how to lead a life of
crime.
Bargain hunting: Prices drop
J. A L V IN W A K E F IE L D
Avon head chosen
J. Alvin Wakefield has been named
general manager-home office of Avon
Products, Incorporated, the world wide
cosmetics company. M r. Wakefield, 37,
p revio u sly was d ire c to r home office
operations. He joined Avon in 1973 as
m anager em ployee re la tio n s and was
named director the following year. Avon,
headquartered in New York, is the
world's largest manufacturer and distri­
butor of cosmetics and toiletries with
sales for 1975 of $1,295,000,000.
Its
products are sold directly in the home in
the United States and eighteen other
countries.
The United States sold the Soviet
Union 301,198 metric tons of corn, about
11.9 million bushels, raising total Russian
grain purchases from 1975 U.S. crop to
13.4 million metric tons. A metric ton is
2.204.6 pounds.
The sales are, however, significantly
less than the almost 20 million metric
tons sold during the Nixon seller cut
years. Thia somewhat reduced pressure
on the food supply in the U.S. coupled
with a collapse of our economic pros­
perity of the Kennedy-Johnson years,
has permitted some bargains to be found
in the m arket place.
The United States Agriculture De­
partment reported bumper crops last fall
and upped a report on planting intentions
that indicate an even bigger harvest this
year. U S D A published a planting survey
suggesting that corn acreage will rise by
3.7 percent to 80.8 million acres which
could easily produce a crop of 6 1/« billion
bushels.
The U.S. and Canada will control most
of the world's exportable grains having a
bigger percentage of global reserves than
the Middle East has oil.
The Soviet
Union is the most “destabilizing" factor
because of its massive shortfall.
However, the increase in crop produc­
tion has already presented bargain buys
for the family oread basket. The feed lots
are filling with cattle which are now feed
league report as only "fair to poor" due
to his overall energy policies, but even his
staunchest critics agree that he has a
strong record on the environment. Jack
son virtually created the National Envi­
ronmental Policy Act and the Council on
Environmental Quality.
He sponsored
the stripmining bill and authored the*
Land Use Planning Bill. He alao claims
principle credit for the Land and W ater
Conservation Fund, set up to purchase
lands for national parks and other public
preserves.
Jackson is acknowledged to be the
most powerful man in Washington on
energy policy, by virtue of his position as
chairman of the Senate In te rio r Commit­
tee. But it is on energy issues that he
rankles his critics.
He is an ardent
proponent of nuclear power and supports
a $6 billion federal subsidy for private
development of synthetic fuel.
Edey says th at Jackson would be "at
once more destructive, and better, than
Humphrey."
The non candidate from Minnesota has
shown little interest or activism on the
major energy issues.
Though he has
supported greater research into solar
power since 1962. he also voted in favor of
funding the Clinch R iver demonstration
breeder reactor and spoke in its behalf.
He co-sponsored federal land use legisla­
tion in 1975. but his votes on the
stripmining bill were conspicuous by
their absence.
Overall, Humphrey is viewed by the
league as a "business as usual" candidate
on energy issues, except when they bear
directly on labor and the economy, his
real concerns.
Governor George Wallace, who shares
the bottom rating w ith Ford, has been
closed mouthed on energy and environ
mental issues to the point of creating a
policy vacuum. He has made almost no
public statements on the issues and
refuses to respond to questionnaires.
cheap grain, which means lower priced
choice meat will be available later this
year.
Beef liver has already dropped ten
percent in price. Last year's apple crop
was a record breaker, up thirteen percent
over 1974. This trknslates to a fourteen
percent reduction in the cost of apples,
applesauce, etc.
Your Community
Insurance Man
3933 N.E. Union
282-3680
Mel Toran credits Portland State Uni
versity's Operation Plus for giving him
the opportunity to go to college. Out of
school for fifteen years, married, and a
father; Toran heard about the Operation
Plus program and decided to go to
college.
Now, five years later, Toran is prepar
ing to graduate from the University of
Oregon School of Law.
Toran was a high school graduate,‘but
his high school record was p-wr and he
had not developed good study habits.
W ithout Operation Plus which enables
underachieving students who have the
capacity to do college work to be admit
ted to Portland State University, Toran
probably would not have been accepted
by the school.
During his Freshman year. Toran
received counselling, tutoring and finan­
cial aid, and during his sophomore year
was provided financial aid. He graduated
from Portland State University in three
years and was admitted to the University
of Oregon School of Law. Toran, who is
one of six Blacks who will graduate from
Oregon’s law schools this year, recom­
mends law as an opportunity for young
people. “I really want to emphasize the
Oregon’s first summer camp for child­
ren with asthma. Camp Christmas Seal,
w ill be operated by the Oregon Lung
Association at Camp Colton, Clackamas
County, August 22nd through 29th for
children nine to thirteen.
John D. Minor. M .D . of Eugene, camp
medical advisor, says that the purpose of
the camp is to provide a normal camping
experience for the child with asthma
whose health has made it impossible for
him to fit into a regular camping pro­
gram.
“Our Goal," he says, “is to see a Camp
Christmas Seal graduate, in time, fit into
a regular camp. I t will also provide a
chance for the child to be with others like
W ithin weeks now Georgia Mason's
book will be published.
I t will be called “Guide to the Plants of
the Wallowa Mountains of Northeast
Oregon." And for persons interested in
biology, both the specialist and non­
specialist, it w ill be an invaluable re­
source for it will contain more than 6,000
descriptions and illustrations of plant life
in the Wallowa National Forest.
W hat w ill not be described, however, is
the personal story of its author and how
the book came to be w ritten.
Georgia Mason, who since 1970 has
been acting curator of the Herbarium in
the Museum of Natural History a t the
University of Oregon, came to the state
from New Jersey in 1958 to study for a
master's degree at Oregon State U niver­
sity.
As a junior high school science teacher
she had often taken her students on
weekend trips to collect plants. And so
for her the move westward offered yet a
new horizon for a familiar “fun" project.
In the summer of 1961, Georgia M a­
son's "fun" project began a twelve-year,
14,000 mile love affair with th? Wallowa
National Forest.
She chose to collect in the area because
there were no other texts w ritten about
Wallowa National Forest plantlife. She
used the plant records of a Union,
Oregon, resident who had collected there
during the 1890s. as a reference guide
and tried to collect the plants he discov­
ered as well as discovering plants on her
own.
During the summers between 1961 and
1973 Mason usually did her collections
alone and in the w inter months she
identified them in studies at the Univer­
sity of Oregon, OSU and Arizona State
University.
Each summer Mason rented an apart­
ment in various towns near the Wallowa
National Forest so that she could collect
in different areas. Sometimes she took
day-long hikes. But when there were
higher elevations or remote areas to
reach, she camped in the forest from one
to ten days.
No m atter how long the collecting trip
was. Mason usually went accompanied
only by her dog Peppy.
“E very possible moment had to be
used. Traveling along, I could make the
best use of ray time," she recalls.
On one of her earlier trips, she and
three others w ent into the mountains
with six horses. They stayed for three
days, but Mason collected only fifteen
plants.
"We spent half the time chasing the
horses which had a mind of their own.
Other times, they wanted to stop all
along the way. Besides, I couldn't see
much vegetation from a horse!”
The experience led Mason to believe
she could accomplish more by going it
alone on foot.
She developed a careful routine for her
work.
Placing more than 6,000 specimens in
PORTLAND
CLEANING WORKS
ONE DAY SERVICE
LU
Toran also credits his wife, Milhelmina
with helping him in his education. The
couple has two children, M elvin J r., age
eight, and Michael, age five.
Asthma camp scheduled
NORTH A N.E. PORTLAND
Commercial
printing
need to seek graduate degrees and to go
into professions, rather than stopping
with a B.S.." Toran said, relating that the
goal of many students is merely to
graduate and not to gain an education
that will give them a career.
Models are important for young Black
children, he said. “One reason I went to
school was because of my son. I wanted
to be a model for him."
Toran hopes to attend Georgetown
University, where he will study agency
law. This involves laws and regulations
that govern the operation of government
agencies and is a relatively new and
iomplicsted field of law. Then he plans to
go into private practice so his talents can
be of benefit to the community.
Bill Wilkinson, director of Operation
Plus, is seeking applicants for the pro­
gram. Prospective students must need
the three services offered - tutoring,
academic or personal counselling, and
financial aid; be capable of doing college
work; and fit low income criteria.
himself and to lose that feeling of being
different.”
The camp will feature around-the-clock
medical supervision, special diets for
children with food allergies and careful
scheduling of children on special medica­
tions. Otherwise, D r. Minor promised
such regular camping activities as arts,
crafts, swimming, hiking, fishing, games,
cookouts and campfires.
Fee for th e eig h t days is $75.
Camperships, based on need, are avail­
able. Potential campers must have both
medical and parental approval before
being accepted. Enrollment is limited.
Those wishing application blanks or more
information should call the Oregon Lung
Association.
Plant guide result of ’fun project’
Minor Repairs - No Charge
Pick up A Delivery
individual plastic bags, she was careful to
record precise notes about where the
specimen had been found.
H er notes
documented each plant's environment -
its elevation, soil type and surrounding
plant life.
A t night, is camp, she would carefully
blot and press the specimens she had
collected.
The work was slow and occasionally
frustrating.
One day. Mason returned to find her
camp vandalized.
“The worse thing was that they had
loosened the straps of the plant press,"
says Mason, shaking her head. “I t was so
disheartening to find them wrinkled,
withered and dead after I'd spent a
fatiguing day of hiking to find them on
the highest peak, the M atterhorn."
But there were moments of elation too.
“Some of the nice things you carry
away are the freshness of air, a fragrance
that is persistent, the brilliant sunshine
and the beautiful meadows.
“All this is combined with the th rill of
standing high up on a trail and looking
way. way, way down at the brilliant
colors of the valleys below."
Georgia Mason’s 14,000 mile tra il is
coming to an end. Soon her 400-page
book will be released in both hard and
softbound versions by the U niversity of
Oregon Museum of Natural History.
The lesson of her story, however, has
only begun.
DR. JEFFREY B R A D Y Says:
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Enjoy Dental Health N ow and
Im prove Your Appearance
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Joe Joseph
Page 3
Mel Toran: Success story
FBI tipster plays mystery role
sources, would have been a drastic
departure from the usual practice of
detonating bombs outside stores to avoid
injuries to workers.
Later, Stevenson phoned a friend, who
was not a member of the group, and
asked if he could obtain dynamite for her.
Stevenson's past is strikingly similar to
that of Sara Jane Moore, the FBI
informer turned revolutionary who shot
at President Ford last fall in San Francis­
co.
Like Moore, Stevenson moved quickly
from one revolutionary group to another.
In the past year she was associated with
the American Indian Movement, the
Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and the
Venceremos Brigade. Three months ago
she became affiliated with the New Dawn
party in Berkeley.
The FB I has admitted in an affadavit
that Stevenson kept them informed of the
movements of the alleged New Dawn-
Zapata members. When six members
moved into her Richmond. California,
home in February, she gave authorities
permission to search the house.
Two S W A T teams and heavily armed
Thursday. March 25, 197«
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