Portland Observer
Thursday, January 8, 1978
Paga 9
Third World Wrapup
by Ray Harvey
President Ford’s determination not to
allow Secretary of State Henry Kissin
ger to wreck detente over Angola is the
most important development of the week
(analysed elsewhere). Aa we go to press,
the Organisation of African Unity (O AU)
is meeting in Addis Ababa. Last week we
reported that the O A U trsde ministers
discussed a 26 year industrial program
and projected a growth rate of eleven to
thirteen percent. I t may be that the OAU
meeting will go beyond the question of
the recognition of the M P L A
People's
Republic of Angola (KPA ) - and go on to
discuss African development and the
new economic world order.' The Wash
ington Poet notes that Zaire and Zambia
may not attend the O AU summit, while
the Ixtndon Daily Telegraph (January
3rd) says that South Africa will announce
the withdrawal of its forces from Angola
before the O A U conference, and has so
notified its 'allies', counter gangs F N L A
and U N IT A . The Sunday Times of South
Africa -- which is tied to the 'liberal'
Oppenheimer machine, maintains that
South African involvement in Angola ia a
key factor in “uniting Africa in support of
the M P L A ." Apparently foreign policy in
South Africa ia also made in secret - by
Vorster, both a (Defense Minister) and
Foreign Minister Muller, without the
consultation of Parliament - or anybody
else.
Helen Suzman, member of the
Progressive Party, has called for a
parliamentary debate on Angola.
U te press gnss after Henry on Angola
While indications are that it ia
Kissinger's policy to escalate the Angolan
intervention into a southern Africa war,
this week the press has in general
reported is critical of Kissinger's telling
Congress to go to hell. The New York
Times (January 4th - Nairobi) quotes the
Ghana People's Evening News as saying
"The U .8. is now fighting tooth and nail
to prevent (the People's Republic of
Angola) from taking the reins of
government, just as it used Tshombe to
destroy Patrice Lumumba in order to
prevent his socialist srlented party from
taking power at indepcr.drrce in the
Congo." The Washington Pest editoria
lizes in effect: ‘so the Cubans are in
Angola so what?* The Pest notes 'we've '
already economically blockaded Cuba for
years, we did the Ray of Pigs thing (from
which Alpha 08 was born), and we tried
to kill Castro ten times....now who's going
to take seriously the Kissinger authored
economic sanction.! aga.nst Cuba over
Angola? W illamette W -« k (January 5th)
ran an article noting thct (even,
'Northwest Congressmen Oppose Fund
ing Another Vietnam in Angola.' Senator
Jacksor. takes the racist cake: “It's just
tribal warfare...it's ridiculours for us to
g *t involved." Actually, of course, Henry
is right: it's his tribal buddy Henry K.
and the NSC.
The bdtim ore Nun states: “let the
Soviets m u - their mistakes in Angola,
but we should not get involved." And a
question rarely posed in the press is
touched by columnist Gary Wills (also in
W illamette Week): "In Vietnam, we at
least made a long show of caring about a
particular regime ~r about the preference
of the natives.
Now, no one is even
pretending that we care which of the
three rival groups wins, so long as Russia
does not get the credit for the win."
Actually economic development of A n
gola has been the main topic of People's
Republic of Angola President D r. Agos-
tinho Neto and PRA M inister Lopo Do
Naacimento in lzvestia and other Soviet
and European newspaper» and journals.
Mercenaries ea tbe lam
The January 5th Christian Science
Monitor notes that the recruiting and
training of American mercenaries to Fight
against the People’s Republic of Angola
forces has come to an abrupt halt in the
U.8., and that the C IA mercenary
recruitment « ¡ n t . has been moved U
Europe.
But
or so America:
mercenaries a - t
in Angola, the
Monitor reitereates. Linked to the El
Kamas mercenary operation is another
C IA connected group called Phoenix
Associates. Both El Kamas and Phoenix
Associates are “run by former Green
Berets...the CIA's Operation Phoenix in
South Vietnam, created by the (still
lingering, though Fired, C IA head W illiam
Colby, was designed to systematically
terrorize the population and murder key
communist leaders."
New Solidarity notes that U N IT A 's
recruitment of mercenaries is apparently
on a larger scale than in other wars that
involved mercenaries, “in such opera-
tiona, the mercenaries have usually been
the technicians and platoon and company
commanders, or special guerrilla units, as
ir. Katanga and Biafra,” while the U N IT A
f' cees are composed of entire armies of
raereenaries. One of the top mercenaries
in Katanga (southern Congo copper belt)
was Michael Hoare. Hoare has recently
offered his ‘W ild Geese* army to the
F N L A U N IT A , claiming that they are
tse "best terrorists in the business" (his
’anguage).
Several weeks ago CORE
'end Roy Innto, advertising his merce
: try operation, said “Pound for pound,
the Black man to the best soldier in the
world." Innto and Hoare should have it
out. They could host the match in Zaire.
Get Ont ef tke Block Box
D etroit Congressman Charles Diggs, a
leading member of the Black Congres
sional Caucus, in a statement on Angola
(this issue, warns that Henry Kssinger
intends to pursue his interventionist
policy despite Congress, and stresses the
'nationalist' character of the Angolan
struggle, calling for "all external forces to
w ithdraw .”
The weakness of the
statement to that it plays softly into the
hands of Secretary Kissinger, who has
resorted to using Angela to force a
confrontation with the Soviets. I t also
lacks a recognition of program - of
economic and cultural development that
in fact characterizes the M P L A and the
young PRA government. Some months
ago the Caucus called for a debt
moratorium for Third World countries,
and the immediate ouster of Kissinger.
Such leadership on world issues - not just
Black' issues - resulted in an apparent
FB I C O IN T E L P R O terror operation
against Caucus members and their
families and associates. But hiding in a
black box, issuing cautious "Kissinger
must be removed by some time next fall"
statements won’t stop C O IN T E LP R O
operations (going after the source of it
will) nor to it providing essentia)
leadership. Of course this does not apply
to Caucus members alone.
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President Ford reaffirms detente
Speaking before the American Farm
Bureau in St. Louia - and then to a closed
m eeting w ith eig hteen M id w e s te rn
newspaper editors
President Ford
ruled out the use of grain as a weapon.
The President significantly diatinguishes
himself from Secretary of State Kissin
ger. whose policy has been to use Angola
to sabotage detente. The use of food as s
weapon has been a main topic in policy
making circlea. The W all Street Journal
December 29th featured an article 'Agri
culture Secretary’a Role ia Eroding as
Food Becomes Major Policy Tool', which
attempts to justify the National Security
Council'a usurpation of Agricultural
Secretary Earl Butz' authority when the
NSC blocked Soviet grain purchases last
year.
Agricultural Secretary Butz is a strong
proponent of East West trade, as ia the
Midwest industrial group (based in
Chicago,, which gave President Ford the
basis to hold out against initially bailing
out New York banks (in which the
Rockefeller group is hegemonic)
and
now against the use of food as a weapon.
Even within the Rockefeller circles, the
use of food as a weapon was debated.
W riting in the January issue of Foreign
Affairs, Emma Rothschild writes that
food control ideologue Ie s te r Brown's
notions of 'food power' are deluded and
ineffectual.
The fight going on over food control as
a weapon is hearly over. The credits for
the Third World countries -- wracked by
indebtedness to the New York banks - to
purchase available U.S. wheat have been
stalled. The primary block to long-term
low interest credits to foreign buyers of
wheat and feedgrains comes from the
National Advisory Council on Interna
tional Monetary and Financial Policies.
The policy of Henry Kissinger has been
to use whatever international hotspot
makes itself available to him to force a
showdown with the 3oviets.
Such
detente wrecking policy is aimed at
allowing bankers - in particular the New
York banks to collect and finance debt
on a bilateral (one-to-one, basis. Kissin
ger's extention of the Monroe Doctrine to
Africa has been rejected by President
Ford, and the majority of Congressmen.
While the President is using the same
language ('G o v e rn m e n t of N atio n al
Unity*, about Angola, it is apparent that
the motivations of the Secretary of
State are coming into focus for him - with
the aid of Midwest industrial and banking
sector.
Concomitant with the President's
moves, which encourage economic de
velopment. B usiness Week in its lead
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editorial (January 4th, outlines a four
point program of economic recovery: 1.
moves must be token to solve the energy
problem through the development of
thermonuclear fusion power technology
(not to be confused with fission,; 2.
immediate efforts must be made to raise
the standard of living of the working
class; 3. export of capital goods (ma
chinery etc., to the Third World sector in
return for raw materials; and 4. expan
sion of cooperation with the Soviet bloc.
Such a program resembles closely the
Interntional Development Bank authored
by the U.S. Labor P arty candidate
Lyndon LaRouche - in all but one
important detail: debt moratoria.
Mora tor ia on debt payment is a key
feature of the ‘new world economic order'
advanced leading Third W orld countries,
and Japan.
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Terry Herndon, in a speech at a
Commonwealth Club luncheon in San
Francisco, said the tests follow the
technical/industrial model in which tea
chers are treated like assembly-line
foreman and students are treated like
cars.
“It's time to get the children out of the
factory and back into the classroom
where they belong," the former Michigan
teacher declared.
Herndon explained he was talking
about such things as college board tests,
achievement testa given to elementary
and secondary school children, graduate
record exams, and the so-called IQ tests
in fact, any test that compares perfor
ma nee to predetermined norms and is
administered in identical form to large
numbers of students.
The speaker said that current public
dissatisfaction with the schools
indud
ing test scores - relates to the public
mood wlych tends increasingly toward
fear, cynicism, and frustration.
"Apparently, it's a mood that, in the
absence of a unifying national leadership,
moves a great many of us to lash out
indiscriminately, taking insufficient care
to identify the enemy," said Herndon. He
pointed out that polls show a loss of
confidence in business and government,
and to only a slightly less degree in
virtually every other institution of
authority.
Teachers' strong feeling that stondar
dized testing has come to constitute a
serious threat to their ability to perform
as professionals in the classroom was
dramatized this year in East W hittier,
California, wh^re, for the first time
anywhere, standardized testing became
the central iasue at bargaining between
school teachers and school management.
The board instituted dismissal proceed
ings against 300 teschers, but withdrew
them after the teachers struck.
The explanation of the teachers' deep
feelings lies partly “in the emergence of a
new dynamic In the American workplace
- the professional union,” Herndon told
the California group.
"Professional employees...not only care
about the product - they are willing, if
need be. to strike for quality,” Herndon
asserted. "And this, believe me, is what
is at the heart of teacher unrest in this
country."
It is the concern for quality education
that has caused the N E A to call for a
moratorium on standardized testing - in
East W hittier and across the nation, the
executive director noted. Declaring that
"standardized testing must go," he
offered the following reasons:
• Education is a very complex process
- entirely too complex for the moat
involved standardized test to measure.
For example, in Michigan it was found
that 45 separate factors or objectives
were required just to describe math
skills.
• People disagree on tbe goals of
education.
Some parents want job
preparation; some, college acceptance;
others, mere custodial care or something
else. Yet stondsrdized tests take for
granted that everybody places equal
value on whatever skill is being tested.
• Testing fosters big brotherism. “The
assumption behind the tests," Herndon
explained, "is that kids don't know what
is good for them, parents don't know
what is good for their children, and even
teachers can't be trusted. Such testing
works against parent-teacher derision
making and toward control by outside
authorities."
• Testing encourages conformity at
the expense of creativity. The only child
to benefit is the sbsolutely average child
- with testmakers defining average.
Tests can dictate what a child must learn,
obligate a teacher to concentrate on
certain subjects at the risk of his or her
job.
Standardized tests fail to do what to
claimed for them. He explained why they
are ineffective, or even harmful, as a
basis for allocating resources, in provid
ing data for intelligent decisions about
students' education needs, in saving
money, or in evaluating teacher perfor
mance.
Herndon underscored the "enormous
expense” of testing programs, the
product of a $200 million a year industry.
"To assume that the testing industry
would improve scores to the point where
it would put itself out of business is like
believing that the Soviet state is actually
going to w ither away," he remarked.
Pointing out that the 118-year old N E A
was formed on the concept of account
ability to professional standards, he
noted reasons why the association objects
to evaluating teachers, or accountability,
on the basis of standardized test results.
Among these, he said, is objection "to
being required to teach to the minimum
performance level permissible on a test
rather than to the maximum achievable
through the individual capability of the
child."
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NEA director hits standardized tests
Standardized tests are "like a lock on
the mind, a guard at the factory gate,"
the executive director of the National
Education Association said, noting
that "the only beneficiaries, aside from
the test marketers themselves, are
insecure school managers striving for
comfort in their relations with school
boards, legislators, and governors."
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