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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 3, 1922)
10 THE MORNING OREGONIAN, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1922 LSWhLlSHED BV, HEN'KY L. PITTOCK. Published by The Oregonian Pub. Co.. lu Smb. Street, Portland, Oregon. C. A. MORDBN. E. B. PIPER, Manager, Editor. The Orejronlan Is a member of the As sociated l'rews. The Associated Press la exclusively entitled to the use for publi cation of all new dispatches credited to , it or rot otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dis patches herein are aio reserved. Subscription Rates Invariably )H in Advance. (By Mall.) "iily. Sunday Included, one year ....$8.00 lialiy. Sunday included, six months ... 4.2S laily, Sur.day Included, three month 2.25 Iaiiy, Sunday Included, one month .. .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year 6.00 Ilaiiy, without Sunday, six months .. 8.25 laily, without Sunday, one month.. .60 Sunday, one year 2.50 (By Carrier.) Daily. Sunday included, one year... J9 00 Daily, Sunday Included, three months 2.25 Daily, Sunday included, one month... .75 Daily, without Sunday, one year .... 7.80 Daily, without Sunday, three months 1.95 Daily, without Sunday, one month.. .65 I'How to Remit Send postofflce money order, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at owner's risk. Give postoftice address full. Including county and state. ! Postage Rate 1 to 16 pages, 1 cent: 38 to 3 pages. 2 cents; 34 to 48 pages, 3 i-ents; 50 to u4 pages, 4 cents; 06 to 80 pages, 5 cents; 82 to 08 pages, ft cents. Eastern Business Offices Verree & fonkliu. 300 Madison avenue, .New York; Verree & Conklin, Steger Building, Chi cago; Verree & Coi.klin, Free Press build ing, Detroit, Mich: Verree & ConkMn. Monadnock building, San Francisco, Cal. ; .EDUCATION AND THE STATE. '; (In Several Articles Article 5). Any discussion of the proposed school bill cannot ignore the ques tion of its constitutionality. It is not proposed here to make any elaborate examination of the legal phases of the proposed enactment. It will be sufficient to indicate some of the fundamental points, so that it may be seen what problems and issues are involved. It is a familiar contention of opponents of the measure particularly those who are interested in maintenance of Hie parochial schools (Catholic, Lutheran, Adventist and others) that the measure intends a direct assault upon religious liberty and the right of conscience. It is not entirely clear to The Oregonian that this is strictly so. It concedes the strength of the answer that the public schools are secular and that religion should be excluded from them, and that the state has no duty to impart religious instruction a direct and lawful inhibition against it but it has a duty to edu cate and train all its future citizens alike. If the parent wishes to im part religious education to his child he may freely do it elsewhere. But the mandate upon the parent to send his boy or girl to the public schools, or to any school, presents a different and more difficult ques tion. Here is a forthright declara tion that the state not the parent -controls the child. It is nothing else, and it is not pretended that it is something else. The right of guardianship over the child by the parent is inherent a natural right, growing out of his duties and re sponsibilities, which' in turn arise from his parenthood. The question is, then, as to supremacy of the siate's right or the parent's right. : The republic of the United States was instituted to secure the free dom of its citizens. Every vital declaration of national duty and purpose is based on that proposi tion. The first great phrase of the immortal declaration of independ ence contained this imperishable Utterance, accepted now by all as a sound and unassailable definition of individual rights: All men are created equal; tliej are endowed by their Creator with Certain unalienable rights; among these are life, liberty and the pur suit of happiness. To secure these rights, governments are instituted among men. . wnat rigntsr individual, per sonal rights. No other. When government fails to give its citizens the utmost freedom of opportunity and conduct, it becomes tyranny. Freedom of the citizen is limited only by the right to assert an equal freedom of every other citizen, The constitution of the United States has its inspiration and foun dation in the declaration of inde pendence; and the bulwark of the nation and the security of its citi zenship rest within the constitu tion. It would appear that it is necessary only to mention the dec laration of independence to discover its application to the present Tuatlon in Oregon. A-oni.roi 01 education is essen tially a state function, for the sub ject is not even mentioned in the letleral constitution, though the spirit of that instrument regards the family as having a certain sanctity. It forbids unreasonable search of the home or the billeting pr soldiers there, and the fifth amendment declares that no person snail "be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. In his book on "The Con stitution or the United States, Its Sources and , Its Applications. Thomas James Norton says that due process of law" includes not only the guaranties contained in the constitution but those that have come to the American through the adoption in this country of any part or tne taws or England. ine original ten amendments were, says Norton, "written in re straint of national power against tire people and the states," and the tenth amendment reads: i r..j powers not delegated t h Inned States by the constitution nor prohibited by it to the states, are re-.-'rved to the states respectively or to 111,7 jfupie. 'HI . ..' unsurrendered powers among which was provision for ed ueation, were thus defined by the lecierai supreme court in 1911: M-iinnie me rowers nt the state not Forrencieren wnicn power therefore re. mams with the state is the power to so regulate the relative, rights and dntlee of all within Its Jurisdiction as to 5ui-i mo pudiic morals, the publl safety and the public health, as well a lo. promote the public convenience and i m- I'ummun gooa. But by ratifying tne fourteenth amendment the states placed limi tations on their exercise of these powers. That amendment defines trie persons who are "citizens of the United States and of the state wherein thoy reside," and it provides: No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States: nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property with out due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -The application of this amend ment to just such a constitutional amendment as is now before the people of Oregon was defined by three judges of the supreme court of Michigan on October 1, 1920. An amendment requiring compul sory attendance at the public fschools had been denied a place on the ballot by the secretary of state on the ground that it was contrary to the federal constitution, and the petitioners asked for a mandamus against him. The majority of five judges granted the mandamus on the ground that it was nctt for the secretary of state as a ministerial officer to rule on the question of constitutionality, but the minority of three judges held the amendment to be invalid and that the court should not compel the secretary of state to submit it in spite of that fact. The minority held the pro posed amendment to go beyond, the reserved police power of the state, and the opinion given by Justice Fellows continued: While the proposed amendment is very carefully worded to attract votes, it takc from the parent the privilege of educating his children in parochial or private schools:" indeed It takes from then: the right to exercise any control over the education of their own off spring and gives such right to the state. It prohibits the conduct of the business of educating children by private parties, denominations and corporations, organ ized for that purpose under our laws, and takes from them without compen sation the right to use for educational purposes property owned by them and devoted to that use, admitted to be worth seventy millions of dollars. Some 120,000 children between tne ages of 5 and 16 years are now being educated in the parochial schools of the state. The instructions cover the usual branches taught in the public schools, and in addition there Is moral training and the doctrine of the . Christian re ligion is inculcated in these youthful minds. That these schools may be reguiated by the state is admitted on all hands, but that their existence may be prohibited by state mandate is an entirely different proposition. Before the business of educating the young in the same courses taught by the public schools, before the business of educating the young in the Christian religion, be fore the business of conducting these parochial schools, can be outlawed and prohibited, their prohibition must bear some reasonable relation to the public good, or the public health, or the public morals, or the public safety or the pub lic welfare. The right to regulate I concede; the right to prohibit i deny. In support of this opinion a de cision by Chief Justice Barker of the supreme court of Kentucky on the same subject and to the same effect was cited. The opinion which the supreme court of the United States would probably hold was indicated by its decision de claring unconstitutional a law of the state of Washington prohibiting private employment agencies. In the opinion of that tribunal Justice McReynolds said: - Because abuses may, and probably do, grow up in connection with this busi ness Is adequate reason for hedging It about by proper regulation. But this is not enough to justify destruction of one's right to follow a distinctly useful calling in an upright way. Certainly there is no profession, possibly no busi ness whicn does not offer peculiar op portunities for reprehensible practices; and as to every one of them no doubt some one can be found quite ready earnestly to maintain that Its suppres sion would be in the public interest. Skillfully directed agitation nlght also brlns about apparent condemnation of any one of them by the public Hap pily for ail, the fundamental guaranties of the constitution cannot be freely sub merged If and whenever some ostensible justification is advanced and the police power Invoked. The principles thus set forth seem to apply to conduct of private and parochial schools equally with em ployment agencies. They apply with the more force since the rights of parents and conscientious conviction are involved in the pres ent controversy in Oregon. The rights of the citizen to lib erty of conduct and freedom of conscience are his most precious heritage. No sacrifice to safeguard them is too great for him to make. The rights he treasures and keeps for himself he should for his own protection concede to others. In whatever measure he- seeks to withdraw them from others he weakens and Jeopards his own rights. PORTLAND'S CLAIM NOT ABAN DONED. While Portland fully appreciates the opportunity to increase its com merce which the shipping board gives by establishing a passengers- cargo line to South America and by placing more freight vessels on the oriental service, this should not be taken as an abandonment of its claim to passenger service across the Pacific ocean. Anything that goes out of this port that says, or even implies, that it is content with trans-Pacific service inferior to that which the board gives to any competing port will be misleading. For several years this port has de manded as a right that it be placed on an equality with competing ports in this respect, but the board has treated its claim with contempt. No person has authority to confess that Portland has been wrong and the board has been right or to pre tend that in expressing that opin ion he expresses the sentiments of the people of Portland. The plain, unvarnished facts are that passenger ships were allocated to Seattle by a former board in re sponse to solicitation privately made by senators and a few in terested persons. This was done without hearing the claim of this or any other port to equal service, without even notice that the ships were to be allocated. The fair American course would have been to hear openly the claims of. all competing north Pacific ports, to hear statements of their relative advantages and disadvantages, and then, if only one could be served, to make public announcement of the choice with full statement of the reasons. Not only was this not done but when this port reasserted its claim to the present board it was treated with cynical contempt, and nothing but vigorous protest pre vented us from being deprived of the inadequate service" that we had, Thi3 port will make the most of the increased oriental service that is given, though it is still inade quate, and will do so with a view to convincing the board, much against the board's will, that Port land can support a first-class ship ping line as well as can any other port on this coast. Portland does not admit the board's superior wisdom in giving it inferior service, and no person should venture to say on its behalf that it does. Frequent repetition by motorists of the offense of abandoning vic tims of accident calls for all the more vigilance by reason of the difficulty of solving the problem that they create. Carelessness, though deplorable when it results in death or injury, has its meed of excuse; no consideration whatever can condone the wanton who J malms and then runs away. Auto. mobilists who respect themselves and have concern for. the good reputation of their fellows, will co operate whenever possible in bring ing the guilty to justice, and it will be well if - pedestrians shall form the habit of taking down the li cense numbers of cars which have seemed to offend. The few ought I not to be permitted to bring ig nominy upon the greater number and courts will be sustained by popular opinion if they will treat flight following accident as the more serious phase of the crime. RAIDERS AND WRECKERS. "A million a year for overhead and administration for road build ing in Oregon." The Portland Pierce organ so begins a political attack upon the non-political highway commission. The statement that overhead ad ministration of road work in Ore gon costs one million dollars a year is a falsehood, It is malicious falsehood and is part of the propa ganda of the wrecking and raiding gang that has seen millions going into road work without benefit to the politicians. When Walter M. Pierce told an audience that S. Benson in resign ing from the highway commission charged extravagance in overhead and administration he said what was pot true. Mr. Benson made no criticism whatever of administra tive or overhead costs. He men tioned incidentally that such ex penditures were at the time he re signed approximating $90,000 a month. The $90,000 figure had not prevailed in the past and did not prevail thereafter. The average monthly cost was and is far lower. Mr. Benson cited the amount in a particular month solely as an argu ment for the immediate letting of additional contracts lest the over head extend excessively into a slack construction period. Mr. Pierce and the Pierce organ have multiplied $90,000 by twelve to get the million-dollar figure. In fact, for the two years that closed n the month Mr. Benson resigned the total cost of administration and general supervision had amounted to $350,687.15, or about ?175,000 a year, instead of a million dollars. n the nine months of 1922, a period of extensive construction, it has averaged about $60,000 a month. Mr. Pierce while a member of the legislature voted consistently against the major highway pro gramme. He opposed the issuance of bonds against the automobile licenses, contending rather that the cost should be loaded on the tax payer. He opposed acceptance from the government of the gift of automobiles, trucks and tractors for highway work. The state has re ceived from the government more than 400 such vehicles and they constitute the major part of the equipment about which Mr. Pierce is raving. Politicians have long had theit eye on the political advantages to be obtained from control of so vast a road fund. In one special session of the legislature a raid was at tempted for local roads and was foiled by Jhe vetoes of Governor Olcott. In another session Mr. Pierce headed a movement to nut the highway commission into poll- tics by the cheapening process of paying the members a salary. Highway construction and the many millions of dollars expended in Oregon for that purpose have been kept beyond the reach of the politicians by the appointment on the commission of the state's most reputable and honored citizens. Foi a chance to handle a pot contain ing millions the raiders and the wreckers will go to any extreme of untruth. REAL MERITS OF THJE NEW TARIFF, Amid much partisan condemna tion and laudation of the new tariff it is refreshing to see it dispassion ately discussed, as it is in the No vember Review of Reviews bv Philip G. Wright and by President David Friday of Michigan Agricul tural college. Both writers reject the extreme claims of merit and maleficence that are made by the two parties, though neither accepts the economic doctrine on which, it is based and both find much to de nounce as concession to particular interests, as sham protection and as conflicting with the principle on which the framers of the tariff pre tend to have acted. Dr. Friday pre dicts a rise of prices in consequence of the bill's enactment, but work men will have jobs and manufac turers will have confidence which will lead them to expand and to produce'more goods. Plainly a congress-made tariff is a compromise among local and sec tional interests, Mr. Wright quoting senators in defense of the principle that they should vote on the tariff as the interests of their states die tate. That accounts for the occa sional departures from the rule that the tariff should bring the cost of American and imported goods to a parity in the American market. It also proves the impracticability of putting through congress a de tailed tariff that is based on so br6ad a general principle when that principle must run the gauntlet of conflicting local and industrial in terests. If the twenty months' de. bate accomplished no more than to convince congress on that point it was worth while, for that debate led logically to insertion of the clauses that take the fixing of duties out of the hands of congress and entrust them to the tariff com mission, which has a general prin ciple as its guide. The flexible tariff sections of ths law take all the force out of the denunciation of the law as raising some duties far above those of the Payne-AIdrich law, for they em power tne president by advice of the tariff commission to cut those duties 50 per cent. Thus he may restore some duties to the Patron. Aldrich rate and cut others below those rates, while he may raise others which inquiry proves to. be too low. The guiding principle is parity or cost of goods when laid down in American markets, and the commission is free to follow that principle without thought of wnetner its action will please the people of any state or the producers of a particular commodity. Cost of production in other countries fluctuates with variations in rates of exchange and with the resultant movement of wages and prices, so that prices rather than cost may at present be a safer guide, but the world will surely settle down In a few years, unless it lapses into an archy. The tariff law should ho adjustable to normal conditions whenever they return; it should not be based on the abnormal con ditions which now prevail. So soon as economic stability is restored in Europe cost of production will become a safe guide. For . the reason that the tariff law entrusts the adjustment of duties to a scientific body, which is unmoved by political hopes and fears, it is the best within living memory, notwithstanding the in consistencies and inequalities of its schedules. A real start has been made at taking the tariff out of politics to the extent that congress will more and monl abandon the attempt to fix the duties, but will instead define the principle to which duties are to be adjusted. This is no more delegation of the taxing power than is the levy of a 10 per cent tax on theater seats, for then tiie manager of the theater fixes the tax when he fixes the price. The tax has been defined by congress as the difference in cost of production between the United States and the principal competing countries. Determination of this difference involves difficult calcula tion after painstaking inquiry, but the amount can be approximated more closely as prices return to stability. By this plan competition will not be prevented, but will be regulated to a degree that Ameri can industry will live and thrive but that importation of foreign goods will continue and increase as industry and commerce revive the world over, and that the national revenue will increase in proportion. FATHER AND SON WEEK. Though a trifle apDalled. perhaps, by the pertinent procession of spe cially designated weeks weeks in which to eat oranges, weeks in which to pray for the heathen, weeks in which to do this, that or the other thing the average Amer ican citizen and hearth tender must feel a certain definite response to the suggestion that a Father and Son week be observed throughout the land. Back in his busy head. somewhere, the most active and successful of men realizes that if he has been blessed with a son his first .duty is to the boy. Queerly enough, this duty is often lovingly neglected. So important seems the accumulation of material benefits for the children that the privilege of really understanding them, of being both friend and father, is neglected. Father and son, though dwellers in the same household, are scarcely more than strangers to one another. It is very fortunate if, in the develop ments of later years, this lack does not burgeon into mutual regret for the might-have-been. Somehow to contrive the correction of such sit uation is the aim of Father and Son week, lately launched from New Tork by J. A. Van Dis as a national movement. Its maxims are: A noble character is a father's best gift to his son. The greatest profession in the world is that of being a father. What will it profit a community if it gains the whole world and loses its own boys? It is rather a shrewd commentary on the American home as an insti tution that such a movement should ever be necessary. To blink the facts, however, does not help mat ters. If Father and Son week be observed until fathers have found their duty and sons their true re lationship to their fathers it will thereafter be unnecessary to con tinue the custom by proclamation. The week will lengthen to years. When it comes to speed, the German printing presses turning out marks and the Russian ones working on rubles cause us to Lpause before setting the recent aviation record down as tne fastest human achievement of modern times. Now come reports that the Arctic ocean is getting so much warmer that the icebergs are disappearing. LMust be getting preliminary reports from this Oregon election cam paign. Now a scientist reports that he has found a "life-giving" serum. A lot of people will need it if they keep o disregarding the ordinary rules of hygiene and sanitation. The impossibility of ever corner ing the monkey market will seem apparent to one who observes the number of people who continue to make monkeys of themselves. Eastern states and yiat is any thing the other side of Denver- find pride and profit in retaining their delegatio.ns in congress. So will Oregon. The .Federal Reserve bank in Chicago has half a billion gold re serve. The man with a big roll of currency in one pocket Is not worrying.- Traveling Americans seem to be taking heart from the fact that there is nothing to compel a thirsty man to take passage on an Ameri can ship. Our idea of a futile task is trying to discover a relationship between the advancing price of leather and reports that bootlegging is increas ing. If only there were some way to impose a poll tax on candidates. this state's tax problem would be solved on the spot. The parade the night before election will give the young voter a touch of his dad's strenuous life a generation ago. Some of those European coun tries seem inclined to declare a moratorium on even their debts of gratitude. The Turk has a way of burying his victim alive; but he has nothing on his enemy when the situation is reversed. At Vancouver a man of 60 has just taken his sixth bride. Perhaps that explains "going like sixty." The "mystery" of the burled leg ought to be solvable. The number of one-legged men is not great. "Christmas" is appearing in the advertisements. It has not got down to 'TCrrias ' yet. Oregon is flirting with minimum temperatures4 . BITTERNESS IS GRAVE MENACE Apathy of Voters Blamed for Ca neighborly Strife Over School. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Ed itor.) Prior- to the opening of this campaign Portland was a harmo nious community, unvexed by fac tional religious strife, Today it is a hotbed of recrimination and bit terness. An issue has been intro duced that has done the community more lasting harm than, all of the alleged and pretended evils of the private and parochial schools could have done in 50 years. It has bred factional controversies in the Prot estant ranks, divided the Masonic fraternity and has involved the whole community in the turmoil of such bitter religious controversy as it has never before known. The old-fashioned gospel of Chris tian charity, tolerance, forbearance and brotherly love has gone out of date. Trouble began with the ad vent from Texas of aself-ordalned custodian of the Protestantism and lOt) per cent Americanism of Port land. The services of an alleged "escaped nun" were engaged to start out with an utterly wanton, unprovoked and inexcusable cru sade against St. Vincent's hospital, an institution that in a career of 47 years has ministered to the needs of 140,000 patients and that, like the Good Samaritan hospital, is the pride of every patriotic citizen of Portland. The good Sister Lucretia at Gresham provokes the "batter ing up" of an ex-service man for distributing a defense of St. Vin cent's hospital signed by 52 Prot estant physicians. On the ensuing Sunday, in a public school building at St. Johns, a free fight is "pulled off" under the auspices of the Port land school board. Later, Director George B. Thomas. Klan candidate for city commissioner, and Director W. H. J. Clark. Klan candidate for joint senator from Clackamas and Multnomah, join in tendering our public school buildings, built with the money of Catholics, Protestants and Jews, to Sister Lucretia to fur ther fan the flames of religious bit terness and discord. How long would the Protestants of Portland stand for such a crusade against Good Samaritan hospital? The great est menace a real menace to our public school system is the apathy of the electorate. Any political com bination that can muster 10,000 votes in this city of 300.0QO people can absolutely control our schools. It is worthy of note that the school monopoly bill, ostensibly ad vocated as a Protestant measure, has not been indorsed by a single Protestant church er organization, while the most representative min isters and laymen of the Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, Congrega tional and other churches are openly fighting it. Proponents of the bill are now frankly declaring that the pending bill is but "the first step" and that the elimination of Reed college, Willamette and the colleges at Forest Grove, Newberg, McMinn- vilie. Philomath and Albany will follow as a logical sequence. .How long is poor old Oregon to continue being the dog on which all these legislative freaks are to be tried out? CHARLES B. MOORES. SCHOOL OFFICE NON-PARTISAN Plea for Mr. Churchill's Re-Electlon on Baals of Just Desserts. CORVALLIS. Or.. Nov. 2. (To the liditor.) l desire to express my ap preciation of the record of Mr. G. A. Churchill, who has served Oregon for nine years as superintendent of public instruction and to indorse his candidacy for re-election. He is the nomineeof the republican party and has been indorsed by the democratic party. He was appointed to the of fice in 1913 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of L. R. Alder man. In 1914 and again in 1918 he was named on both the republican and democratic tickets and was elected by large majorities. It is the custom in many states to regard the office as non-partisan and to retain indefinitely officers of approved merit. The position is both administrative and judicial. As law yers regard the judiciary, so teach ers and the public are coming to consider the office of school super intendent above and apart from questions of political and partisan controversy. During my 25 years' residence In Oregon three men have been at the head of the state school system J. H. Ackerman, L. R. Alderman and J. A. Churchill. Each had a statewide reputation as an educator at the time of his election and each has left a notable record of achievement in the educational progress of the atate. As a member of the teaching pro fession I am deeply interested in the prestige of the of fice of state su perintendent of public instruction Mr. Churchill measures up to the standard as a man and as an edu cator. By natural endowment, by educational and professional train ing, by continuous study, by fre quent contact with the leaders in state, regional and national educa tional meetings he has kept abreast of the times. He has gained na tional recognition among educators and his counsel is sought and valued. State Superintendent Churchill is an officer wno can ana does co operate with others, both in and' out of his profession. He has the judi cial temperament so essential in an administrative position. During his service in the office he has main tained and advanced Oregon's stand ing among the leading states educa tionally. He has the vision and de votion to carry on. There are im portant problems yet to be solved and Oregon needs tne sane, pro gressive leadership which Mr. Churchill has demonstrated he pos sesses. E. D. RESSLER. Marriage Witnesses In Washington. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) Tell me, please, if when one goes to Vancouver to obtain mar riage license and both parties are of age, ia a witness required, either to get license or at the wedding? INTERESTED. One witness who knows both par ties or a witness foT each party if they cannot find a witness who has known both for the past six months, is necessary to get a license. At the ceremony, two witnesses are neces sary, but they do not have to be ac quainted with the couple getting married. If either bride or bride groom is under age, he or she must be accompanied by the - mother, father or legal guardian to get a li cense. (Unless, however, they have the parent's written consent, when only a witness who will swear to the parent's handwriting is neces sary.) Infringement of .Patent., WALDPORT, Or., Oct. 81. (To the Editor.) (1) If one possesses the Ingenuity to make for his own use an article that has been patented, is he infringing on the patent? (2) Define manufacture. R. L. YOUNG. (1) It would technically be an infringement. (2) Manufacture, the verb: To make or fashion by working en or combining material, by hand or ma chinery, especially when done in .aoaAtUU o ) a, regular bufiiftAS, Those Who Come and Go. Tales of Folks at the Hotels. "In the ten years that I have been a resident of Roseburg I have never seen conditions so good as they are at present in Douglas county," states' W. J. Weaver, manager of the Umpqua hotel at Roseburg. "The prune crop, as is generally known, is of the bumper variety. Those who ' sold early received a good price and I believe that those who held onto their prunes will also get a good figure, as the price has been improving In the past few days." Mr. Weaver, registered at the Imperial, says that the road work in the county is still going on, for the weather has not pro duced a stoppage in this activity yet. There is still a considerable number of motor tourists filtering through Roseburg over the Pacific highway and patronizing the well equipped auto camp, which the c'ty maintains. There is mud and plenty of It on the Mount Hood road, but Dave Anderson got through from Welches and is registered at the Imperial. Mr. Anderson, man and boy, was connected "with Anderson Bros." stables in Portland. Once the stables were at Third and Madison and then they were located at Fifth and . Taylor streets. In those days most of the hacks were mobilized at the Anderson stables and when the hackdrivers got together and talked all of the inside gossip of the town was exchanged. What the hackdrivers didn t know wasn t worth mentioning to a police re porter. Of recent years Dave An derson has been living at Welches, on Salmon river, and he is now building one of the largest and most complete residences in that section of the mountains. Some of the people who visited Government Mineral Springs- hotel during the season just closed came in on stretchers or crutches, but none of these left that way. One woman who had been bedridden for years was able to walk away from the resort, which is located on the Wind river, 15 miles from Carson, Wash., without even the aid of a cane. L. B. Markham, proprietor of the hotel, who makes his home in Portland dur'ng the winter months, reached Portland yesterday after finishing the. greatest season ever enjoyed by his health and I recreation place. "We had to turn away as many as a hundred people j some days," said Mr. Markham, j "and it is our present intention to double the capacity of the hotel for the season of 1923." So far as Crook county is con cerned, what it needs more than anything else at present is more settlers. These are needed on the irrigation project. Jay Upton, state senator for Crook, Deschutes, Jef ferson, Klamath and Lake counties, was at the Benson yesterday. He arrived in the morning and left for home last night. Senator Upton, who practices law at Prineville and has a ranch in Crook county, where he is managing a dairy herd, states that the county will be getting back on its feet In a couple of years if the cattle business improves. One of the main resources of Crook county is cattle and as the market has been down for a long time the cattle raisers have not been the most jubilant citizens in Oregon. Lonnie Hayden of St. Louis, dis tinctly in the who's who of horse dom as one of the three best Ameri can, exhibitors of five-gaited horses, arrived yesterday to participate in the annual horse show, bringing with him a string of show horses. Mrs. Hayden. remained in St. Louis, a fact that causes some disappoint ment, for if Mr. Hayden is famous his helpmeet is not less so. Report has it that she is the niece of the late Jesse James. Mr. James some years ago established quite a record for cross-country riding. Colonel Mercer, the .veteran chap lain of the state senate, arrived in Portland from Eugene yesterday. Colonel Mercer is almost as much a part of the legislative organiza tion as the president of the senate, the speaker of the house,' or Joe Singer, sergeant-at-arms of the house. The colonel is really the ser- geant-at-arms of the senate, but owing to his versatility he says the prayers over that group every morn ing wnen none of the local Salem ministers appears to perform the service. The colonel's prayers are strictly republican in tone, and sen timent. After two busy days in- Portland, William Pollman left for his home in Baker, where he will remain until he has voted next Tuesday. Then he will come back to Portland to at tend the livestock show. Mr. Poll man has already made his reserva tion ore the sleeper out of Baker for Wednesday night- He has sent out 1000 letters to friends urging their support of N. J. Sinnott for repre sentative tor the second congres sional district and of the scores of replies he has received. Mr. Poll man says not one has been, unfavor able to Mr. Sinnott. F. M. Wood of the Paulina coun try, where he is a big stockman, is in Portland on busines. Paulina is a familiar name in central- Oregon. The name was that of a. tough, hard- boiled Indian chief, who was finally Killed with his boots on by the bullet from- the rifle of a white settler. Apparently being short on imagination, the name of Paulina was plastered on a lake, a moun tain and a town and a few other bits of landscape. The Paulina mountains were once volcanic. Among the early arrivals for the International Livestock exposition is W. H. Hicks of Agasslz, British Columbia. Mr. Hicks ia superin tendent of the experiment farm for British Columbia, which is under the department of agriculture for the Dominion of Canada. Mr. Hicks is registered at the Multnomah. Zadoc Riggs, druggist of Salem, who was an unsuccessful candidate in , the republican primaries for nomination to the legislature from Marion county, was in Portland yes terday. He was talking politics. Charles H. Gram, state labor com missioner, who is a candidate for re election on the republican ticket, is among the arrivals at the Imperial from Salem. R. N. Donnelly of Richmond, down in the John Day country, is at the Imperial for a few days. He Is sheepman and a former, member of the legislature. J. J. Wells, assessor of Morrow county, is in town from Heppner. He reports that "things are looking good," especially with the sheep men. T. B. Sumner of Everett, where he has the Everett Iron works, is among the arrivals at the Benson from the Puget sound country. Frank McTaggart, with the grain elevator at Madras, Jefferson coun ty, is In Portland on business. P. L. Campbell, president of the University of Oregon, is at the Hotel Portland from Eugene. M, T, O'Connell, a lumberman ef Winloek, Wash, is at the Hotel Ore gon, O. C. Gladden, an outdoor adver tiger, si Seattle, ia tl the Benson, Burroughs Nature Club. Copyright, Houghton-Mifflin Co. Can You Answer These Questions? 1. Are kingbirds enemies to other birds? What color are their eggs? 2. When do coyotes mate? 3. Please answer the following questions in geology: How are the so-called bird tracks of the Con necticut valley accounted for? Why do the trap rock ridges of the state front the west? Answers in tomorrow's Nature Notes. ' Answers to Previous Questions. 1. What is the incubation period of the robin? Of the English spar row? The robin is from 11 to 14 days; the English sparrow from 12 to 14 days. The incubation period is likelv to varv a trifle witn aimosi any species, due to circumstances of weather, latitude, etc., as continuea coolness would retard hatching a little. ' 2. Are the little gherkins used in pickle a special kind of cucumber, or lust tiny ones? The common pickle is made irom Immature fruits of the garden cu cumber. But the name gnermn probably comes from a supposed resemblance to a small wild cucum ber called "West Indian Gherkin," Cucumis Anguria, of the' West In dies and parts of South America narrimlarlv Brazil. Its fruit IS more spherical than our idea of gherkin pickle, and prickly. 3. Are flies eenerally considered better bait for trout than natural bait? A question in sporting technique la rather bevond this column. On general principles, trout respond to bait of the same character as what they happen to be feeding on; and this will differ with tne region, r-a.-,-ifip. coast trout like salmon roe streams where grasshoppers abound on the borders are tempted by these; in others, wasp grubs may be ef fective. The use of the "fly" is to take advantage of the trout's curi osity and natural aptitude to dart at something that attracts his hope ful attention. INTENT KNOWN IN ADVANCE Evasive Design In Pierce Trans action Plain to Chairman of Board. PORTLAND. Nov. 2. (To the. Edi tor.)-- Mr. Pierce's effort to jus tify his admitted fraudulent raid on the irreducible school fund In 1903 he says that Mr. Olcott, as secre tary of state, did the same thing in 1913, but he very adroitly overlooks the fact that in his case he says that he consulted Governor Cham berlain in advance "of his applica tion and secured his approval of his intended fraudulent transferring of title to portions of his land to rela tives and friends. Indeed, Governor Chamberlain, in his recent attempt to whitewash Pierce in the matter, says he understood that Pierce was to "arrange with relatives and friends" temporarily to transfer title of his lands so the loan might be made to circumvent the law. Mr. Dunbar, the only other survivor of the land board of 1903, has recently publicly stated that he knew noth ing of such an agreement as Cham berlain and Pierce state they had with each pther. The difference in the two trans actions, as stated by Pierce himself. is that in the first case .he and the chairman of the land board had a private understanding that this fraudulent transferring of land titles was to take place, and in the Olcott case, which Pierce cites, it is not even hinted that any member of the land board knew of the intended fraudulent transferring of title. In other words, according to Pierce's own admission in his case and his "charge" in Olcott's case, in the former he went in "cahoots" with the chairman of the land board, without the knowledge of its other members, and in the latter case the members of the board knew nothing of the intention of the applicant for the loan to evade the law by mak ing fraudulent affidavits. inese are not mere campaign charges, but facts taker from the record. We are soon to know how far thinking people are willing to be Influenced by a prolonged blast of hot air. OBSERVER. SCHOOL BILL AND MQ,UOR LAW Comparison Invoked In Inquiry Con cerning: Dr. Pence's Position. PORTLAND. Nov. 2. (To the Editor.) Having read the an nouncement that Dr. Edward H. Pence, pastor of Westminster Pres byterian cnnrch, is to speak against the compulsory education bill to morrow evening, I wish' through your columns to ask him if he will please tell his audience what in fluences have brought him finally to this position, which is contrary to that heid by our denomination. (See latest issue Presbyterian Di gest.) I am informed that Dr. Pence signed the petition to have this measure placed on the - ballot and that, although he signed the round robin at Corvallls opposing the measure, he has frequently stated that he did so "with a great deal of hesitancy." "under pressure" and "just to be brotherly." In his re cent newspaper controversy with Dr. Nugent It was impossible to disoover which side he was on. I was honored by the Portland presbytery in being sent as a dele gate last May to the general as sembly in Des Moines, Ia., and was present when that honored body de clared against tne repeal or weat enlng of the Volstead law; and I declare without hesitation that it would be just as fitting for Dr. Pence to urge the repeal of that law as it Is for him to oppose the compulsory education bill. J. E. MARTIN. Pay of Stenographers. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Ed! tor.) (1) Please tell me if the fol lowing sentence is correct: "This offer will never be made to you again." 2. If a stenographer renders part-time service to business men, how much, should, she charge for it? (3) The rates of public stenogra phers. STUDENT. CI) Tea. (2) Beginners are usually paid from SO to 40 cents an hour. S. Public stenographers from $1 to $1.50 an hour, according to the class of work. More Expected of Boys. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) As to Luclle Glover's caution about being hard on the boyo who don peon pants, while ridiculous creations are tolerated on flappers; it should be borne in mind that boys are expected to have better sense. If they disregard the expectations of the fellow students they deserve reprisals, WALTER C. HAYNES. The Disturbing- F.lement. Life. Maleney Jr. What's an amicable settlement, Pa? Maloney Br, A town where there's aa OirisS. Oi funposa, sonny, More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. TWO MEN. The man who takes my money. W lien I bank it, once a week. Has, a smile that's softly sunny And a voice that's mildly meek. He aiways tries to show me I can read it on his map That he's mighty glad to know me. Arid he thinks I'm quite a chap. But there's nothing that is sunny On the visage, dour and dank. Of the man who pays me money When I draw it from the bank. I can see his disposition In his glum and surly look; I can take in his suspicion That I'm nothing but a crook. Gratitude appears to savor The receiving teller's grin; He regards it as a favor That I put my money in. There is hatred in the glitter Of the paying teller's eye. For to him it's hard and bitter To let any cash get by. I am always light and merry Fit for any playful prank On the mornings when I carry My small savings to the bank. But I'm far from being cheerful I am clothed with gloom and doubt. Feelings guilty, scared and fearful i When I draw my money out! Doesn't Help Much. Too many dramatic companies give the star merely their moral support. Something Else Again. As a rule, the man who complains loudest about the cost of living is the man who goes around offering speculators $50 apiece for tickets to a Yale-Harvard football game. (Copyright. 19-2, by Bell Syndicate. Inc.) Harps. By Grace E. Hall. No beauty is in words. The phan tom thing That we idealize, escapes all form of art. Even as melody, heard when wild birds sing. Is something more than notes that touch the heart A tender something in the soul, that stirs In answer, yielding us our Inward thrill. Our own response that holds us breathlessly When sunset, lingering, paints the flaming hill. We strive to weave our words about this glow . This evanescent sweetness, kin to pain, To make another know what we may know Yet words but sadly falter and are vain; Some souls are like fine harps keyed to the touch Of each vibration, soft and low and sweet. But there are those that give no an swering throb Because the harp is crude and in-, complete. In Other Days. Twenty-five Years Aero. From The Oregonian, Nov. 3, 1S97. Storm skirts in winter, bicycle skirts in summer short skirts ail the year round. This epitomizes the sentiment of the women of the Practical Progress club, which met last night to discuss the subject of dress reform at Grand Army hall. Madrid. Spain, in concluding her reply to the United States, ex presses the hope that the filibuster ing phase of the situation will be changed and that the United States will try to prevent further viola tions of the neutrality law. The city dredge has been moved up to the head of Swan Island and Is busy improving the channel there, this being the shallowest place in the river. The river is lower at, present than it has ever been before. New Orleans. The fever situation Is encouraging and the hoard of health states that if the cooler weather continues for a few days the disease will become non-lnfec-. tious. Fifty Years Ago. From The Ore-KOnlan, Nov. 8. 1872. New York. The Scott monument will be unveiled in Central park to morrow. William Cullen Bryant and others will deliver addresses. , Paris. Secretary-General St. He lione. in reply to numerous corre spondents, states that Theirs does not want to be mads president for life. The German troops have evac uated Epernay. Thn Stark-street ferryboat waa detained eome time last night at this side, having run high and dry on the new roadway. Trains wiU commence running to St. Joseph, a distance of 48 miles, today. Thirteen Norwegian immigrants, . arriving in Portland by the last steamer, have found homes in Ben ton and-other counties. SUPPORTF.RS HELD NAPPING Other Signers of Negative School BIU Argument Said to Regret Act. PORTLAND, Nov. 2. (To the Edi tor.) I have read the letter of Mr. Hanna on the editorial page, also the article which appeared several week ago from another Presbyterian min ister. These gentlemen were two of the 25 signers to the negative argu ment on page .10 o'f the pamphlet issued by the secretary of state con cerning the compulsory education bill and other measures. I am well informed that there are others who regret eigning these negative state ments. It is clear that the interests oppos ing this bill were unusually active in presenting their side of the case to various leaders of public opinion and enlisting their support as well as shaping their prejudice before the campaign had fairly begun. This Is an old political dodge and It always brings home the bacon. It Is for this reason that so many Influential peo ple are opposing thin measure who otherwise would have been for It. The proponents of the measure were simply asleep and I doubt very much if they will ever realize just why It was defeated. AN INTERESTED SPECTATOR. Vote on Poll Tax. WOODLAND, Wash., Nov. 1. (To the Editor.) To settle a contro-. versy, which way should one vote, for or against to annul the law? I know the state republican conven tion went on record as against th law last June at Chehalls. and i wish to vote right. A READER. , We presume that you refer to the poll tax. The measure to be voted on in Washington is to annul the tax. It you want to annul the tax . ..