THE MOJtXIXG OREGOMAX, MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1921
OH
EAGER
TO 'AID FARMERS
Granger Legislation Takes
Precedence on Calendar.
CITY MEMBERS LINE UP
Importance of Helping Production
ana .Marketing or Jroott feaia
to Be Clear to All.
what they had to say was carefully
studied.
Never have Irrigation and other
vBtani rf pool rt i m i n tr lanH B" Vl t Vl
have been before committees of the
senate and house attracted so much
general attention In congress. The
JlcVary bill, although it calls for
a revolving zuna or. du.vuu.vuv,
does not now frighten even the way
down eastern member. With the ad
justment of the finances of the gov
ernment and the country, the McNarjr
bill or some large national reclama
tion policy will become a live iseue
In congress.
New England Lines Up.
Way up in New England public
men with breadth of v.ision are be
ginning to realize the importance of
building up the agricultural industry
as well as manufactures. The Boston
economist is beginning to look be
yond his shoe factories and woolen
mills for permanent prosperity. The
attention that educated men are giv
ing to agricultural problems in the
east is having its effect upon the
city members of congress. Members
from the city are beginning to read
agricultural bulletins and farm
Journals.
The measures that are now en
gaging the attention of congress are
recognized as largely of an emer
gency character. These, it is admit
ted, must be supplemented by legis
lation of a more permanent character.
The activities of the agricultural,
banking and currency and the irri
gation committees of both houses, the
house ways and means and senate
finance committee have not been
sufficient to satisfy the desires ot
the members who have directed their
attention to the subject.
National Solution Wanted.
There was a call for more light on
the subject and a demand for a solu
tion of the problem along national
lines. To meet this the Joint con
gressional committee, of which Rep
resentative Anderson of Minnesota is
chairman, was created. This is au
thorized to go into all the phases of
the basic industry. As both Senator
Lenroot, the author of the resolution
creating the commission, and Chair
man Anderson have stated, the ob
jective sought by their effort is to
obtain the reasons for the wide
spread between the price paid to the
farmers and the cost to the con
sumer. In seeking this central and
vital fact the commission has been
led into a wide field of investigation.
The commission is not going over
the gTound already covered by other
activities of congress, but proposes
to take the material accumulated and
the reports that have been submit
ted by committees and use them in
arriving at Us conclusions. The
commission is also supplementing this
material by hearings upon certain
points that have not been covered.
Financial Problems Up.
It Is now engaged in investigating
the financial problems that must be
solved in decreasing the spread be
tween the price paid to the farmer
and the cost to the consumers of
agricultural products.
And the consideration of agricul
tural legislation has passed beyond
the committees and the investigation
of commissions. Action both in the
senate and house has been obtained
upon measures of great importance
and of a character that Is radically
different from anything that has ever
been attempted in the American con
gress. The Haogen-Kendricle pack
ers' bill is largely the result of the
efforts of the farmers' bloc. This
measure has passed both houses and
is now in conference. It is over
some of the features of this bill that
the split in the farmers' bloc has
developed.
Bill's Funte Protested.
After the bill had passed both
houses and was in conference there
came a protest from a large group
of farmer organizations to the pas
sage of the bill in its present form.
The chief objections to the bill were
the features which placed the pack
ers exclusively under the control of
the agricultural department. De
mands are being made by part of the
agricultural group that the authority
to enforce the bill should largely be
vested In the federal trade commis
sion. There is such a decided dis
agreement among the advocates of
agricultural legislation on this point
that the packers' bill may not get
out of the conference during the spe
cial session.
The Capper-Tlncher futures trading
bill is another agricultural measure
which has passed the house and is
now pending in the senate.
Action Is Delayed.
It wouK have been on the senate
calendar some time ago if it were not
for a disagreement on the same point
wiutrn is noiuing up ine packers Dill.
The same group of the farmers' bloc,
which objects to the control by the
agricultural department Instead of
the federal trade board, has held the
bill in the senate committee. How
ever, it is expected that the differ
ences In the committee on this and
some other features of the bill will
shortly be adjusted and the futures
trading bill will be another impor
tant agricultural measure on the sen
ate calendar.
The introduction and the passp.ge
of this bill by the house was the re
sult of the. protest of the farmers
against the present system of mar
keting their produ'-ts. Recent fliir-tn-
atlons" In the price of grain and other
products, it was charged, have proven
disastrous to the farmers. The ar
guments of the Opposition that the
slump in the price of farm products
was due to the condition of the trade
here and abroad, has not been suf
ficient to overcome the contentions of
the farmers that they have been vic
tims of wild speculations.
Bill About to Pass.
The bill, which is designed to revo-
. Ill tl nn (to Vi m ! a 1 - .
- . Djacuia,
which has been the arowth of vram
of experience, appears to be about to
pass congress and go to the nresiriont
Old landmarks in grain trading will
De swept aside in response to the nr.
. ganized and Insistent demands of the
. I armpr
The farm-loan act has enas-ori fhn
attention of the nouse committen nf
banking and currency during most of
tne session. Early in the session the
senate passed the Curtis-Nelson bill,
and later by combination of the re
publican and democratic members
from the rural districts. Chairman
Mctadden was overruled and the bill
uic wui wi me auube committee ana
was passed by the house after a brief
discussion. This act increased the
capital stock of the farm loan banks
to $50,000,000. Through it it was ex
pected that the operations of these
banks could be greatly extended and;
much done to relieve the financial de
pression in the rural sections of the
country.
Credit System Improved.
Further relief from the shortage of
farm credits is expected from the
Kenyon-Clague bill, which increases
the rate of interest on farm loans and
Joint stock banks bonds from 5 to 5
per cent. This bill has attracted com
paratively little attention, but it was
estimated that it will result in float
ing about $100,000,000 irf bonds
through the country districts. The
bill has been reported favorably from
the house committee on banking and
currency.
The Steenerson 'bill, revising' the
federal system of grading spring
wheat, has occupied much of the time
of the house committee on agricul
ture, not only during this session, but
last. It has also been the subject of
hearings given by the agricultural
department and numerous confer
ences with the secretary of agricul
ture. There is no doubt that the
house committee on agriculture is im
pressed with the importance of legis
lation along this line for the relief of
the wheat growers from the present
system of grading. There are, how
ever, differences of opinion among
the supporters of the general propo
sition. Opposition Is Encountered.
The farmers have also encountered
opposition in the agricultural depart
ment, but the house committee is pro
ceeding in shaping a bill which will
overrule the secretary of agriculture.
The desires of the farmers of the
northwest are more potent than the
opinions of the so-called experts in
the agricultural department.
But the most ambitious agricultural
measure is one which involves financ
ing on a scale far beyond that that
has been attempted by any private
corporation. The Standard Oil and
the steel corporation are Conner gro
cery stores in comparison with the
"Farmers' Export Financing cor
poration," which would be created if
the Norris bill becomes a law. To
begin with, congress under the Nor
ris bill would appropriate $100,000,
OuO as a subscription to the stock of
the corporation.- Then the corpora
tion would be authorized to issue
$1,000,000,000 in bonds to carry out
its operations.
Powers Are Extensive.
In the language of the bill, "the
corporation will be empowered and
authorized (1) to ljuy agricultural
products either in their natural state
or prepared or manufactured from
any person wtihin the United States,
and to sell such products to any per
son or government or subdivision of
government without the United
States; (2) to act as agent of any
person producing or dealing in such
agricultural products within the
United States; and (3) to make ad
vances for the purpose of assisting in
financing the exportation of agricul
tural products."
Before the war this bill, which
takes the government into the dizzy
heights of unheard-of financial op
erations, would have only provoked
an indulgent smile in congress. Now,
it has a favorable report from the
senate committee on agriculture. In
a contest for a place upon the senate
calendar with the "Willis-Campbell
prohibition enforcement bill, popular
ly known as the anti-beer bill, the
NorriB bill won in the senate by a
large majority.
Drys Lose Claims.
The senate turned a deaf ear to the
insistent demand from the Anti-Saloon
league for immediate action on
more stringent prohibition enforce
ment legislation. The word has come
from the farmers in the west that
while they are still for prohibition,
just at present it is their desire that
congress should give preference to
bread-and-butter legislation. That
some of the staunchest dry advocates
in the senate voted to give the pref
erence to the Norris .bill is an indi
cation of the high-power Influence
which the farmers are exercising in
congress. Here-is a force, which, up
to this writing, even the Anti-Saloon
league has not dared to challenge.
Those who are opposed to the Nor
ris bill will be required to make a
strong case against' It to prevent its
passage. The fact that the war-
finance board has been continued in
response to the demands of the farm-.
ers and is actively engaged in. ex
tending credits to foreign countries
which are able to purchase farm prod
ucts, does not appear to be sufficient.
Partners In Power,
There have been in circulation re
ports that a bill extending a $1,000,-
000,000 farm credit to Germany in
order to create a market for Ameri
can products will shortly make its
appearance. It is known that the
leaders of both parties have been ap
proached upon the subject by a rep
resentative of the German govern
ment. The passage of such a meas
ure is among the possibilities if it
should receive the Indorsement of the
agricultural societies.
If the farmer merely presses the
button, con Kress responds.
WAGE AGREEMENT FAILS
1819 Scale Offered toy Taooiua
Company Refused by Carmen.
TACOMA, Wash., July 31. (Spe
cial.) No agreement between offi
cials of the Tacoma Railway & Power
company and representatives of the
street railwaymen's union, in session
yesterday concerning a wage cut pro
posal offered by the company, had
been reached last night, according to
William Aikens, president of the car
men's union.
By a vote of 200 to 6 the street
railwaymen voted down a proposal
from the company calling for a re
turn to the 191 wage scale, which
was 50, 55 and 60 cents .an hour. The
proposal of the company was defeat
ed, according to the union men,, be
cause a year's contract was not pro
vided in the terms. An existing con
tract between the company and the
union expires tomorrow.
It was expected that the confer
ence would be resumed in an effort to
reach an agreement.
BRITISH DIPLOMAT
LECTURES ON WAR
Viscount Bryce Says Leaders
Mold World Events.
MODERN THEORY OPPOSED
Englishman Declares Men Produce
Crises Instead of letter
Magnifying Careers.
WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass., July 31.
Development of international rela
tions as begun in the days of ancient
peoples and as continued to the pres
ent, when "they have been shattered
by a desolating war and not resettled
by any real peace," was taken up by
Viscount James Bryce last night in
the first public lecture before the In
stitute of Politics now meeting at
Williams college.
"Broadly speaking," he declared,
"international relations are what the
leaders of peoples make them."
Continuing, Lord Bryce said:
"There-are two relations in which
nations stand to one another that of
war and that of peace. Our present
attempt Is therefore to determine
what have been causes of war and
what may be sources of peace.
"Let us try to remember through
our inquiry into the relations of na
tions two fundamental propositions.
One is that every independent polit
ical community is in a state of nature
towards . other communities, being
subject to no control except that
which public opinion may impose.
1 III in a ii Nature Foundation.
"The other is that the prospect of
improving the relations of states and
peoples to one another depends on the
possibility of improving human na
ture Itself. A sound and a wide view
of national interests, teaching the
peoples that they would gain more by
the co-operation of communities than
by their conflict, may do much to bet
ter those relations, but In the last re
sort the question is one of moral
progress of the individual men who
compose the communities.
He sketched the careers of Bona
parte, Bismarck, Cavour, Kossuth and
Maxzini. '
"I note the careers of these men,"
he went on, "as instances to show
how large is the unpredicable ele
ment in the field of international as
well as in that of domestic politics.
Modern writers claiming to be scien
tific, try to represent the general
causes as everything and the individ
uals as no more than particular be
ings in whom the tendencies o'f an
age are embodied.
People Lack Initiative.
"If these had not been embodied
in Napoleon or Bismarck or Cavour,
so they argue, they would have
equally well been embodied in and
given force to some other person
ality. "History contradicts this assump
tion. Crises arrive when some strong
man is needed to embody the effort
an age seems "to be making, but the
man does not appear and that which
he might have done is not achieved.
Had there been no Bismarck and no
Mazzini, we should have seen today a
different Europe.
"In all political action the people
have little knowledge and even less
initiative. Under every political con
stitution that has ever been devised
the many are led by the few. The
less the mass knows of the real facts
and the really significant Issues, the
more it must depend on prominent
individual men for guidance; and the
fewer are the prominent figures that
can be watched and judged. This is
especially true of international
issues, because those are least within
the knowledge of the average man.
He must trust some one."
JOLT IS GIVEN JAPAN
(Continued From First Page.)
DANCING GIRLS FROLIC
The Arabian Dancing Girls of Al
Kader Temple, Mystic Shrine, will
give an excursion on the river boat
"Bluebird" Tuesday evening, S o'clock.
Tickets are on sale at Brady & Oli
ver, Yeon Cigar Store, or E. P. Helm.
10UV4 Fourth street. Adv.
Hill Military Academy, Portland,
Oregon, is recognized by the war de
partment. Opens September 14. Adv.
LEARN DANCING
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Ladirs 3. tintlnrn 5.
DeHooey'i beautiful acad
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starts Tuesday and Thurs
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Plenty of desirable part
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hours. .
est difficulty about the renewal of the
alliance.'
There has been misapprehension in
the United States as to the effect of
this pact. Japan herself has never
thought for a moment that in the
event she should attack the United
States, Great Britain would come to
her assistance. The treaty has meant
more than that to Japan. It has meant
moral support to her in all that she
has undertaken in the far east. It
has meant prestige among the great
powers of the world. It has meant
racial equality with one of the great
est peoples of the earth.
Japan, as a distinguished English
visitor to this country recently ex
plained,, has felt free to send rather
"snippy" notes to Washington, so long
as she was conscious of the moral
effect it would have in Great Britain.
Public Opinion Is Factor.
So certain was Japan of a renewal
of the treaty that she sent her crown
prince to England to lend eclat to the
proceedings and to show her supreme
interest in a successful outcome of
the negotiations. B(ut whatever may
have been the original intentions of
the BritUV government, public opin
ion in England and in the British
dominions was found to be all against
a continuance of this alliance on the
conditions.
The story is told that at the Brit
ish empire conference the statement
Was made that if the treaty was re
newed in the old form, the Canadian
parliament might feel called upon to
adopt a resolution notifying the moth
er country that Canada must be ex
cepted from any operation of the
treaty. This would have amounted
virtually to" a declaration of inde
pendence by the great dominion to
the north of the United States. -Treaty
Stays In Force.
The British prime minister, Mr
Lloyd George, was quick to see that a
renewal" of the treaty for a definite
period of time was out of the ques
tion and so under the provision that
the treaty could not be renounced in
less than 12 months it has been al
lowed to remain in force for the year
in question.
Great Britain frankly explained her
unwillingness -to renew the treaty on
the old conditions on the ground that
she would do nothing to cause the
least uneasiness on the part of the
United States. Clearly then, in Japan's
eyes, it was American influence, even
though that influence remained un
spoken, that prevented the renewal
of the treaty which has meant so
much to the Mikado and his people.
Almost treading upon the heels of
this untoward development came the
announcement of the Washington
conference not to discuss disarma
ment alone as was expected, but to
take up and settle far eastern ques
tions as well. -
Toklo Evidently Puzsled.
Toklo evidently was puszled by the
fact that there was no surprise in
London over this announcement. In
fact, the ink on the invitation was
scarcely dry before Great Britain joy
ously accepted. Japan beheld her ally
in perfect agreement with Washing
ton as to the discussion of all mat
ters pertaining to the Pacific.
It placed the Toklo government in a
plight. The Japanese did' not like
the idea of the conference at all yet
they could not stay out. To have done
so-would have brought world opinion
solidly down upon them. As before
stated. Japan sees national disaster
in the sitting but there would have
been even greater disaster in a re
fusal to take part.
Some of the more distinguished
Japanese statesmen declare Japan has
been misunderstood these last 10 or
12 years and therefore, having come
to the conference, it Is likely they
will make a notable effort at Wash
ington to win back some of the world
sympathy which has been lost.
Japan will not be eclipsed without
a struggle. She has asked that mat
ters affecting two nations alone be
scrupulously avoided at "the confer
ence. This naturally would apply to
her problems with China.
If the conference should insist in
opening up these problems, Japan has
placed herself in a position to de
mand as a consequence the opening
of her differences with America re
garding California.
- That she has this purpose in mind
is reliably reported.
CHICAGO PAGEANT OPENS
XATIOX'S INDUSTRIAL PRO
GRESS DEPICTED.
BO
BOARD
Richer and More Contented Amer-
ic Predicted by Secretary or
Labor; 75,000 In Parade.
CHICAGO, July 31. The roar of
naval guns, shrieking whistles, fire
works and a parade opened Chicago's
pageant of progress yesterday.
At 10 A. M. a button pressed by
Vice-President Coolidge in Boston
clanged fire gongs at the entrance of
the municipal pier with its industrial
exhibits from all parts' of the country.
.Secretary Davis, spokesman for Pres
ident Harding, delivered the opening
address.
It w.as estimated that 7,O0O persons
took part in the parade while hun
dreds of thousands mere watched.
A more contented America, a richer
nation and a model before the world
of human machinery was predicted as
the result of a better understanding
between employer and employe by
Secretary Davis.
Secretary Davis" brought his mes
sage from Washington with the in
dorsement of President Harding, who
was finable -to be present, but who
sent a message of greeting to Mayor
Thompson wishing the exposition suc
cess. President Harding's message said:
"It would gratify me very much to
pay a tribute to true progress In the
city which deserves recognition as a
true capital of progress."
Other engagements prevented his
acceptance of the city's invitation to
open the pageant, the president said.
The exhibition will continue until
August 14.
A REFRESHING
food on a hot
day:
Red Rock
Cottage
Cheese "
fresh daily at your
dealer's.
Made only by
Red Rock Dairy.
Hillsdale
Asiatic Prince Leaves.
NEW YORK. July 81. Prince Mo
hammed Wallkhan. envoy of the
ameer of Afghanistan, who arrived
July 11 to seek American recognition
of his government, left for Lon
don on the steamship Baltic. Me de
clined to discuss the mission other
than to say it was of a secret diplo
matic nature and that it was not com
pleted. Read The Oregonian classified ads.
L
VOIDS CRAFT VOTE
Pennsylvania, Employes Or
dered to Ballot Again.
UNIONS ARE RECOGNIZED
New Committee to Xegotiate on.
Working: Conditions Demand
ed by Federal Body.
CHICAGO. July 31. (By the Asso
ciated Press.) After declaring elec
tions of employes' committees held
by the Pennsylvania railroad and by
the Pennsylvania shop crafts' unions
illegal and void, the railroad labor
board yesterday issued a decision or
dering a new ballot to select a com
mittee on negotiation on rules cover
ing working conditions to replace the
national agreement.
The decision also canceled rules in
force as a result of agreements
reached by the railroad with the com
mittee elected on the Pennsylvania
ballot.
The shop crafts' unions were fully
recognized in the board's decision,
although non-union men were de
clared to have full and equal rights.
In a form ballot drafted for use in
the new election, employes are to be
given their choice of representation
by the Pennsylvania system federa
tion, affiliated with the railway em
ployes' department of the American
Federation of Labor, the American
Federation of Railroa-d Workers, or
by any other organization or. individ
ual for whom a majority vote is cast.
Discussion Is Refused.
The board refused to be drawn into
a discussion of the open shop, for
Which the Pennsylvania has openly
contended. It was on this principle
that the railroad refused recently to
recognized the union claims to repre
sentation of the majority of shop
employes, and proceeded to hold a
general election. The board, however,
said the dispute, which arose over
the union's claim, was "merely one of
procedure."
The ruling ordered a conference on
or before August 10 between repre
sentatives of the road, the Pennsyl
vania system federation, or any other
organization having shop crafts mem
bers and established to function as a
labor organization, and any other rep
resentative carrying the signed au
thorization of 100 unorganized em
ployes. This conference is to deter
mine the method of holding the new
election and the general committee
will also have charge of the elec
tion. - Form of Ballot Given,
Instructions giving the form of the
ballot and the rules of voting and con
trolling the ballots are also given,
with the decision that the vote shall
be completed "at the earliest possible
date."
- Yesterday's decision pointed to so
lution of a dispute that attracted at
tention even. from manufacturers' and
shipping associations, which endeav
ored last week to Intervene in the
case, upholding the railroads' open
shop policy. The Pennsylvania has
never declared opposition to - labor
un-Ions, but maintained that a "popu
lar vote" of employes, regardless of
union affiliation, was the proper way
to solve any problem affecting their
workers.
WELFARE TOUR TO START
Postoffice Official to Inspect Work
ing; Conditions.
THE OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU.
Washington, D. C, July 3J. Dr. Leo
K. Frankel, welfare director of the
postoffice department, will leave
Monday on a tour of the principal
poBtofflces of the country, including
Portland, Spokane, Seattle and Ta
coma. A statement issued by the de
partment says - that Dr. Frank-el's
tour is to make a personal inspec
tion of working conditions of the em
ployes, particularly sanitary condi
tions of buildings, and to confer with
postmasters, supervisory officials and
employes.
By an arrangement with the Ameri-
carssRed Cross, its local chapters will
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DRY LID DECLARED1 TIGHT
British Labor Investigators Find
. Volstead Law Efficient.
NEW YORK, July 31. Lord North
cliffe's jocular attitude toward pro
hibition as indicated by his question:
"Where is it?" shortly after his re
cent arrival here is not shared by two
British members of parliament, who
arrived on the Baltic last- Monday.
They report having found prohibition
everywhere on a diligent tour of In
vestigation. J. K. &vidson of Smetwick in
Birmingham and C. H. Sich Staf
fordshire, "came primarily to investi
gate American labor conditions. One
of the first matters into which they
inquired was whether the working.
man can get a drink when he
wanted it.
"Your Volstead law is most effi
cient," was their comment.
DIXON FOR DISARMAMENT
Montana Governor Pleads for De
velopment of Resources.
BOZEMANT, Mont.. July 31. In an
address to 6000 Gallatin county peo
ple Saturday, Governor Dixon of
Montana, who was chairman of the
national progressive committee in the
Koosevelt campaign, threw down the
gauntlet to the advocates of a large
army and navy by declaring: that it
is time to call a hait on expenditures
for these purposes and turn the
money now expended for battles-hips
and armament to development of
home rpourcep. irrigation projects,
construction of highways and other -- I
internal improvements. j
He also declared that one of the
greatest Issues now facing ihe Amer
ican nation is that of securing for tne,'
people of the mountain and central i
western states railroad rates that will i'
be proportionately as low as the rates?
now sought for coast-to-coast traffic-'
40,000 Employes Affected. '.
CONNELLSVILLE, Pa.. July 30. f
ortny thousand employes of the H. C
Frlck Coke company in the Connells
ville coke region will be affected by 4
iu per cent reduction in wages, ac-
Lwtui6 Ail aiiiiuunieiiiem sdiuraa.
The new scale will become operative
August 1.
ew Governor Inaugurated
SAN JUAN, Porto Rico,
(By the Associated Press
governor of Porto Rico. E. Mont
Reilly. was Inaugurated Saturday."
jrur&ted. 5
, July 31. vt
) The new . A
Total capital, surplus
and undivided profits,
over 17,000,000
Total deposits, ver
63,000,000
Total resources, over
103,000,000
oAn advantage
consistently
maintained
Alert business men know the advantages of
being well capitalized. Conditions of com
merce and trade change; the well capitalized
business is in a position to take full advantage
of every opportunity it is assured the best
protection, is able ttT9orb incidental losses
and thoroughly capable to operate in all
ways for success and permanency.
This bank has consistently maintained a very
large banking capital (that is, capital, surplus
and undivided profits) now the largest of
any financial institution west of Chicago, thus
assuring full assistance to its clients great
or small and making for unusual stability
and permanency in operation.
The Bank of California, N. A-, San Francisco,
Portland, Tacoma and Seattle, constitute one
National Bank Association under one nianaze
ment, and depositors at any one of the Bank's
offices have the protection of the entire Capi
tal, Surplus and Undivided Profits of the
Association.
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t&he BANK OF CALIFORNIA
COMPIFr
BANKING SERVICE
COMMERCIAL
TRUST
SAVINGS
ACCOUNTS
CKational dissociation
Ca national bank
Portland
l and StarkStrutS
SAN FRANCISCO
SEATTLE
TACOMA
"Associated for three gerterations with the best progress of the West"
m