THE MOJtXIXG OREGOMAX, MONDAY, AUGUST 1, 1921 OH EAGER TO 'AID FARMERS Granger Legislation Takes Precedence on Calendar. CITY MEMBERS LINE UP Importance of Helping Production ana .Marketing or Jroott feaia to Be Clear to All. what they had to say was carefully studied. Never have Irrigation and other vBtani rf pool rt i m i n tr lanH B" Vl t Vl have been before committees of the senate and house attracted so much general attention In congress. The JlcVary bill, although it calls for a revolving zuna or. du.vuu.vuv, does not now frighten even the way down eastern member. With the ad justment of the finances of the gov ernment and the country, the McNarjr bill or some large national reclama tion policy will become a live iseue In congress. New England Lines Up. Way up in New England public men with breadth of v.ision are be ginning to realize the importance of building up the agricultural industry as well as manufactures. The Boston economist is beginning to look be yond his shoe factories and woolen mills for permanent prosperity. The attention that educated men are giv ing to agricultural problems in the east is having its effect upon the city members of congress. Members from the city are beginning to read agricultural bulletins and farm Journals. The measures that are now en gaging the attention of congress are recognized as largely of an emer gency character. These, it is admit ted, must be supplemented by legis lation of a more permanent character. The activities of the agricultural, banking and currency and the irri gation committees of both houses, the house ways and means and senate finance committee have not been sufficient to satisfy the desires ot the members who have directed their attention to the subject. National Solution Wanted. There was a call for more light on the subject and a demand for a solu tion of the problem along national lines. To meet this the Joint con gressional committee, of which Rep resentative Anderson of Minnesota is chairman, was created. This is au thorized to go into all the phases of the basic industry. As both Senator Lenroot, the author of the resolution creating the commission, and Chair man Anderson have stated, the ob jective sought by their effort is to obtain the reasons for the wide spread between the price paid to the farmers and the cost to the con sumer. In seeking this central and vital fact the commission has been led into a wide field of investigation. The commission is not going over the gTound already covered by other activities of congress, but proposes to take the material accumulated and the reports that have been submit ted by committees and use them in arriving at Us conclusions. The commission is also supplementing this material by hearings upon certain points that have not been covered. Financial Problems Up. It Is now engaged in investigating the financial problems that must be solved in decreasing the spread be tween the price paid to the farmer and the cost to the consumers of agricultural products. And the consideration of agricul tural legislation has passed beyond the committees and the investigation of commissions. Action both in the senate and house has been obtained upon measures of great importance and of a character that Is radically different from anything that has ever been attempted in the American con gress. The Haogen-Kendricle pack ers' bill is largely the result of the efforts of the farmers' bloc. This measure has passed both houses and is now in conference. It is over some of the features of this bill that the split in the farmers' bloc has developed. Bill's Funte Protested. After the bill had passed both houses and was in conference there came a protest from a large group of farmer organizations to the pas sage of the bill in its present form. The chief objections to the bill were the features which placed the pack ers exclusively under the control of the agricultural department. De mands are being made by part of the agricultural group that the authority to enforce the bill should largely be vested In the federal trade commis sion. There is such a decided dis agreement among the advocates of agricultural legislation on this point that the packers' bill may not get out of the conference during the spe cial session. The Capper-Tlncher futures trading bill is another agricultural measure which has passed the house and is now pending in the senate. Action Is Delayed. It wouK have been on the senate calendar some time ago if it were not for a disagreement on the same point wiutrn is noiuing up ine packers Dill. The same group of the farmers' bloc, which objects to the control by the agricultural department Instead of the federal trade board, has held the bill in the senate committee. How ever, it is expected that the differ ences In the committee on this and some other features of the bill will shortly be adjusted and the futures trading bill will be another impor tant agricultural measure on the sen ate calendar. The introduction and the passp.ge of this bill by the house was the re sult of the. protest of the farmers against the present system of mar keting their produ'-ts. Recent fliir-tn- atlons" In the price of grain and other products, it was charged, have proven disastrous to the farmers. The ar guments of the Opposition that the slump in the price of farm products was due to the condition of the trade here and abroad, has not been suf ficient to overcome the contentions of the farmers that they have been vic tims of wild speculations. Bill About to Pass. The bill, which is designed to revo- . Ill tl nn (to Vi m ! a 1 - . - . Djacuia, which has been the arowth of vram of experience, appears to be about to pass congress and go to the nresiriont Old landmarks in grain trading will De swept aside in response to the nr. . ganized and Insistent demands of the . I armpr The farm-loan act has enas-ori fhn attention of the nouse committen nf banking and currency during most of tne session. Early in the session the senate passed the Curtis-Nelson bill, and later by combination of the re publican and democratic members from the rural districts. Chairman Mctadden was overruled and the bill uic wui wi me auube committee ana was passed by the house after a brief discussion. This act increased the capital stock of the farm loan banks to $50,000,000. Through it it was ex pected that the operations of these banks could be greatly extended and; much done to relieve the financial de pression in the rural sections of the country. Credit System Improved. Further relief from the shortage of farm credits is expected from the Kenyon-Clague bill, which increases the rate of interest on farm loans and Joint stock banks bonds from 5 to 5 per cent. This bill has attracted com paratively little attention, but it was estimated that it will result in float ing about $100,000,000 irf bonds through the country districts. The bill has been reported favorably from the house committee on banking and currency. The Steenerson 'bill, revising' the federal system of grading spring wheat, has occupied much of the time of the house committee on agricul ture, not only during this session, but last. It has also been the subject of hearings given by the agricultural department and numerous confer ences with the secretary of agricul ture. There is no doubt that the house committee on agriculture is im pressed with the importance of legis lation along this line for the relief of the wheat growers from the present system of grading. There are, how ever, differences of opinion among the supporters of the general propo sition. Opposition Is Encountered. The farmers have also encountered opposition in the agricultural depart ment, but the house committee is pro ceeding in shaping a bill which will overrule the secretary of agriculture. The desires of the farmers of the northwest are more potent than the opinions of the so-called experts in the agricultural department. But the most ambitious agricultural measure is one which involves financ ing on a scale far beyond that that has been attempted by any private corporation. The Standard Oil and the steel corporation are Conner gro cery stores in comparison with the "Farmers' Export Financing cor poration," which would be created if the Norris bill becomes a law. To begin with, congress under the Nor ris bill would appropriate $100,000, OuO as a subscription to the stock of the corporation.- Then the corpora tion would be authorized to issue $1,000,000,000 in bonds to carry out its operations. Powers Are Extensive. In the language of the bill, "the corporation will be empowered and authorized (1) to ljuy agricultural products either in their natural state or prepared or manufactured from any person wtihin the United States, and to sell such products to any per son or government or subdivision of government without the United States; (2) to act as agent of any person producing or dealing in such agricultural products within the United States; and (3) to make ad vances for the purpose of assisting in financing the exportation of agricul tural products." Before the war this bill, which takes the government into the dizzy heights of unheard-of financial op erations, would have only provoked an indulgent smile in congress. Now, it has a favorable report from the senate committee on agriculture. In a contest for a place upon the senate calendar with the "Willis-Campbell prohibition enforcement bill, popular ly known as the anti-beer bill, the NorriB bill won in the senate by a large majority. Drys Lose Claims. The senate turned a deaf ear to the insistent demand from the Anti-Saloon league for immediate action on more stringent prohibition enforce ment legislation. The word has come from the farmers in the west that while they are still for prohibition, just at present it is their desire that congress should give preference to bread-and-butter legislation. That some of the staunchest dry advocates in the senate voted to give the pref erence to the Norris .bill is an indi cation of the high-power Influence which the farmers are exercising in congress. Here-is a force, which, up to this writing, even the Anti-Saloon league has not dared to challenge. Those who are opposed to the Nor ris bill will be required to make a strong case against' It to prevent its passage. The fact that the war- finance board has been continued in response to the demands of the farm-. ers and is actively engaged in. ex tending credits to foreign countries which are able to purchase farm prod ucts, does not appear to be sufficient. Partners In Power, There have been in circulation re ports that a bill extending a $1,000,- 000,000 farm credit to Germany in order to create a market for Ameri can products will shortly make its appearance. It is known that the leaders of both parties have been ap proached upon the subject by a rep resentative of the German govern ment. The passage of such a meas ure is among the possibilities if it should receive the Indorsement of the agricultural societies. If the farmer merely presses the button, con Kress responds. WAGE AGREEMENT FAILS 1819 Scale Offered toy Taooiua Company Refused by Carmen. TACOMA, Wash., July 31. (Spe cial.) No agreement between offi cials of the Tacoma Railway & Power company and representatives of the street railwaymen's union, in session yesterday concerning a wage cut pro posal offered by the company, had been reached last night, according to William Aikens, president of the car men's union. By a vote of 200 to 6 the street railwaymen voted down a proposal from the company calling for a re turn to the 191 wage scale, which was 50, 55 and 60 cents .an hour. The proposal of the company was defeat ed, according to the union men,, be cause a year's contract was not pro vided in the terms. An existing con tract between the company and the union expires tomorrow. It was expected that the confer ence would be resumed in an effort to reach an agreement. BRITISH DIPLOMAT LECTURES ON WAR Viscount Bryce Says Leaders Mold World Events. MODERN THEORY OPPOSED Englishman Declares Men Produce Crises Instead of letter Magnifying Careers. WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass., July 31. Development of international rela tions as begun in the days of ancient peoples and as continued to the pres ent, when "they have been shattered by a desolating war and not resettled by any real peace," was taken up by Viscount James Bryce last night in the first public lecture before the In stitute of Politics now meeting at Williams college. "Broadly speaking," he declared, "international relations are what the leaders of peoples make them." Continuing, Lord Bryce said: "There-are two relations in which nations stand to one another that of war and that of peace. Our present attempt Is therefore to determine what have been causes of war and what may be sources of peace. "Let us try to remember through our inquiry into the relations of na tions two fundamental propositions. One is that every independent polit ical community is in a state of nature towards . other communities, being subject to no control except that which public opinion may impose. 1 III in a ii Nature Foundation. "The other is that the prospect of improving the relations of states and peoples to one another depends on the possibility of improving human na ture Itself. A sound and a wide view of national interests, teaching the peoples that they would gain more by the co-operation of communities than by their conflict, may do much to bet ter those relations, but In the last re sort the question is one of moral progress of the individual men who compose the communities. He sketched the careers of Bona parte, Bismarck, Cavour, Kossuth and Maxzini. ' "I note the careers of these men," he went on, "as instances to show how large is the unpredicable ele ment in the field of international as well as in that of domestic politics. Modern writers claiming to be scien tific, try to represent the general causes as everything and the individ uals as no more than particular be ings in whom the tendencies o'f an age are embodied. People Lack Initiative. "If these had not been embodied in Napoleon or Bismarck or Cavour, so they argue, they would have equally well been embodied in and given force to some other person ality. "History contradicts this assump tion. Crises arrive when some strong man is needed to embody the effort an age seems "to be making, but the man does not appear and that which he might have done is not achieved. Had there been no Bismarck and no Mazzini, we should have seen today a different Europe. "In all political action the people have little knowledge and even less initiative. Under every political con stitution that has ever been devised the many are led by the few. The less the mass knows of the real facts and the really significant Issues, the more it must depend on prominent individual men for guidance; and the fewer are the prominent figures that can be watched and judged. This is especially true of international issues, because those are least within the knowledge of the average man. He must trust some one." JOLT IS GIVEN JAPAN (Continued From First Page.) DANCING GIRLS FROLIC The Arabian Dancing Girls of Al Kader Temple, Mystic Shrine, will give an excursion on the river boat "Bluebird" Tuesday evening, S o'clock. Tickets are on sale at Brady & Oli ver, Yeon Cigar Store, or E. P. Helm. 10UV4 Fourth street. Adv. Hill Military Academy, Portland, Oregon, is recognized by the war de partment. Opens September 14. Adv. LEARN DANCING All New Steps and Popu lar Ianre (iuarauteetf in Kiisrht 3 - Hour Leiwons. Ladirs 3. tintlnrn 5. DeHooey'i beautiful acad emy, :3d and Washing ton. Beginners' class starts Tuesday and Thurs day evenings, 8 to 11:30. Plenty of desirable part ners and practice; no embarrassment. You can never learn dancing in private lessons from In ferior teachers you must have practice. LEARN IN A REAL rx-nuui,. fnone Main 7S.18. Private leaaoos ail hours. . est difficulty about the renewal of the alliance.' There has been misapprehension in the United States as to the effect of this pact. Japan herself has never thought for a moment that in the event she should attack the United States, Great Britain would come to her assistance. The treaty has meant more than that to Japan. It has meant moral support to her in all that she has undertaken in the far east. It has meant prestige among the great powers of the world. It has meant racial equality with one of the great est peoples of the earth. Japan, as a distinguished English visitor to this country recently ex plained,, has felt free to send rather "snippy" notes to Washington, so long as she was conscious of the moral effect it would have in Great Britain. Public Opinion Is Factor. So certain was Japan of a renewal of the treaty that she sent her crown prince to England to lend eclat to the proceedings and to show her supreme interest in a successful outcome of the negotiations. B(ut whatever may have been the original intentions of the BritUV government, public opin ion in England and in the British dominions was found to be all against a continuance of this alliance on the conditions. The story is told that at the Brit ish empire conference the statement Was made that if the treaty was re newed in the old form, the Canadian parliament might feel called upon to adopt a resolution notifying the moth er country that Canada must be ex cepted from any operation of the treaty. This would have amounted virtually to" a declaration of inde pendence by the great dominion to the north of the United States. -Treaty Stays In Force. The British prime minister, Mr Lloyd George, was quick to see that a renewal" of the treaty for a definite period of time was out of the ques tion and so under the provision that the treaty could not be renounced in less than 12 months it has been al lowed to remain in force for the year in question. Great Britain frankly explained her unwillingness -to renew the treaty on the old conditions on the ground that she would do nothing to cause the least uneasiness on the part of the United States. Clearly then, in Japan's eyes, it was American influence, even though that influence remained un spoken, that prevented the renewal of the treaty which has meant so much to the Mikado and his people. Almost treading upon the heels of this untoward development came the announcement of the Washington conference not to discuss disarma ment alone as was expected, but to take up and settle far eastern ques tions as well. - Toklo Evidently Puzsled. Toklo evidently was puszled by the fact that there was no surprise in London over this announcement. In fact, the ink on the invitation was scarcely dry before Great Britain joy ously accepted. Japan beheld her ally in perfect agreement with Washing ton as to the discussion of all mat ters pertaining to the Pacific. It placed the Toklo government in a plight. The Japanese did' not like the idea of the conference at all yet they could not stay out. To have done so-would have brought world opinion solidly down upon them. As before stated. Japan sees national disaster in the sitting but there would have been even greater disaster in a re fusal to take part. Some of the more distinguished Japanese statesmen declare Japan has been misunderstood these last 10 or 12 years and therefore, having come to the conference, it Is likely they will make a notable effort at Wash ington to win back some of the world sympathy which has been lost. Japan will not be eclipsed without a struggle. She has asked that mat ters affecting two nations alone be scrupulously avoided at "the confer ence. This naturally would apply to her problems with China. If the conference should insist in opening up these problems, Japan has placed herself in a position to de mand as a consequence the opening of her differences with America re garding California. - That she has this purpose in mind is reliably reported. CHICAGO PAGEANT OPENS XATIOX'S INDUSTRIAL PRO GRESS DEPICTED. BO BOARD Richer and More Contented Amer- ic Predicted by Secretary or Labor; 75,000 In Parade. CHICAGO, July 31. The roar of naval guns, shrieking whistles, fire works and a parade opened Chicago's pageant of progress yesterday. At 10 A. M. a button pressed by Vice-President Coolidge in Boston clanged fire gongs at the entrance of the municipal pier with its industrial exhibits from all parts' of the country. .Secretary Davis, spokesman for Pres ident Harding, delivered the opening address. It w.as estimated that 7,O0O persons took part in the parade while hun dreds of thousands mere watched. A more contented America, a richer nation and a model before the world of human machinery was predicted as the result of a better understanding between employer and employe by Secretary Davis. Secretary Davis" brought his mes sage from Washington with the in dorsement of President Harding, who was finable -to be present, but who sent a message of greeting to Mayor Thompson wishing the exposition suc cess. President Harding's message said: "It would gratify me very much to pay a tribute to true progress In the city which deserves recognition as a true capital of progress." Other engagements prevented his acceptance of the city's invitation to open the pageant, the president said. The exhibition will continue until August 14. A REFRESHING food on a hot day: Red Rock Cottage Cheese " fresh daily at your dealer's. Made only by Red Rock Dairy. Hillsdale Asiatic Prince Leaves. NEW YORK. July 81. Prince Mo hammed Wallkhan. envoy of the ameer of Afghanistan, who arrived July 11 to seek American recognition of his government, left for Lon don on the steamship Baltic. Me de clined to discuss the mission other than to say it was of a secret diplo matic nature and that it was not com pleted. Read The Oregonian classified ads. L VOIDS CRAFT VOTE Pennsylvania, Employes Or dered to Ballot Again. UNIONS ARE RECOGNIZED New Committee to Xegotiate on. Working: Conditions Demand ed by Federal Body. CHICAGO. July 31. (By the Asso ciated Press.) After declaring elec tions of employes' committees held by the Pennsylvania railroad and by the Pennsylvania shop crafts' unions illegal and void, the railroad labor board yesterday issued a decision or dering a new ballot to select a com mittee on negotiation on rules cover ing working conditions to replace the national agreement. The decision also canceled rules in force as a result of agreements reached by the railroad with the com mittee elected on the Pennsylvania ballot. The shop crafts' unions were fully recognized in the board's decision, although non-union men were de clared to have full and equal rights. In a form ballot drafted for use in the new election, employes are to be given their choice of representation by the Pennsylvania system federa tion, affiliated with the railway em ployes' department of the American Federation of Labor, the American Federation of Railroa-d Workers, or by any other organization or. individ ual for whom a majority vote is cast. Discussion Is Refused. The board refused to be drawn into a discussion of the open shop, for Which the Pennsylvania has openly contended. It was on this principle that the railroad refused recently to recognized the union claims to repre sentation of the majority of shop employes, and proceeded to hold a general election. The board, however, said the dispute, which arose over the union's claim, was "merely one of procedure." The ruling ordered a conference on or before August 10 between repre sentatives of the road, the Pennsyl vania system federation, or any other organization having shop crafts mem bers and established to function as a labor organization, and any other rep resentative carrying the signed au thorization of 100 unorganized em ployes. This conference is to deter mine the method of holding the new election and the general committee will also have charge of the elec tion. - Form of Ballot Given, Instructions giving the form of the ballot and the rules of voting and con trolling the ballots are also given, with the decision that the vote shall be completed "at the earliest possible date." - Yesterday's decision pointed to so lution of a dispute that attracted at tention even. from manufacturers' and shipping associations, which endeav ored last week to Intervene in the case, upholding the railroads' open shop policy. The Pennsylvania has never declared opposition to - labor un-Ions, but maintained that a "popu lar vote" of employes, regardless of union affiliation, was the proper way to solve any problem affecting their workers. WELFARE TOUR TO START Postoffice Official to Inspect Work ing; Conditions. THE OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU. Washington, D. C, July 3J. Dr. Leo K. Frankel, welfare director of the postoffice department, will leave Monday on a tour of the principal poBtofflces of the country, including Portland, Spokane, Seattle and Ta coma. A statement issued by the de partment says - that Dr. Frank-el's tour is to make a personal inspec tion of working conditions of the em ployes, particularly sanitary condi tions of buildings, and to confer with postmasters, supervisory officials and employes. By an arrangement with the Ameri- carssRed Cross, its local chapters will YOU OUGHT TO BUY 9 - THIS BRIMSWICI- -$200 . ills Brunswick Style J 12 makes a won derful appeal to those who admire beauty. It has heauty of appear ance, detail work man ship, design and, most of all, that beauty of tone which has made Brunswick Phonographs easily first in public esteem and appreciation. 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Used Car Department Broadway at Couch Phone Bdwy. 2270 it- furnish first-aid kits at cost to post offices and will undertake to organize first-aid classes where it is desired. DRY LID DECLARED1 TIGHT British Labor Investigators Find . Volstead Law Efficient. NEW YORK, July 31. Lord North cliffe's jocular attitude toward pro hibition as indicated by his question: "Where is it?" shortly after his re cent arrival here is not shared by two British members of parliament, who arrived on the Baltic last- Monday. They report having found prohibition everywhere on a diligent tour of In vestigation. J. K. &vidson of Smetwick in Birmingham and C. H. Sich Staf fordshire, "came primarily to investi gate American labor conditions. One of the first matters into which they inquired was whether the working. man can get a drink when he wanted it. "Your Volstead law is most effi cient," was their comment. DIXON FOR DISARMAMENT Montana Governor Pleads for De velopment of Resources. BOZEMANT, Mont.. July 31. In an address to 6000 Gallatin county peo ple Saturday, Governor Dixon of Montana, who was chairman of the national progressive committee in the Koosevelt campaign, threw down the gauntlet to the advocates of a large army and navy by declaring: that it is time to call a hait on expenditures for these purposes and turn the money now expended for battles-hips and armament to development of home rpourcep. irrigation projects, construction of highways and other -- I internal improvements. j He also declared that one of the greatest Issues now facing ihe Amer ican nation is that of securing for tne,' people of the mountain and central i western states railroad rates that will i' be proportionately as low as the rates? now sought for coast-to-coast traffic-' 40,000 Employes Affected. '. CONNELLSVILLE, Pa.. July 30. f ortny thousand employes of the H. C Frlck Coke company in the Connells ville coke region will be affected by 4 iu per cent reduction in wages, ac- Lwtui6 Ail aiiiiuunieiiiem sdiuraa. The new scale will become operative August 1. ew Governor Inaugurated SAN JUAN, Porto Rico, (By the Associated Press governor of Porto Rico. E. Mont Reilly. was Inaugurated Saturday." jrur&ted. 5 , July 31. vt ) The new . A Total capital, surplus and undivided profits, over 17,000,000 Total deposits, ver 63,000,000 Total resources, over 103,000,000 oAn advantage consistently maintained Alert business men know the advantages of being well capitalized. Conditions of com merce and trade change; the well capitalized business is in a position to take full advantage of every opportunity it is assured the best protection, is able ttT9orb incidental losses and thoroughly capable to operate in all ways for success and permanency. This bank has consistently maintained a very large banking capital (that is, capital, surplus and undivided profits) now the largest of any financial institution west of Chicago, thus assuring full assistance to its clients great or small and making for unusual stability and permanency in operation. The Bank of California, N. A-, San Francisco, Portland, Tacoma and Seattle, constitute one National Bank Association under one nianaze ment, and depositors at any one of the Bank's offices have the protection of the entire Capi tal, Surplus and Undivided Profits of the Association. m t&he BANK OF CALIFORNIA COMPIFr BANKING SERVICE COMMERCIAL TRUST SAVINGS ACCOUNTS CKational dissociation Ca national bank Portland l and StarkStrutS SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE TACOMA "Associated for three gerterations with the best progress of the West" m