8
TITE MORNING ORKGONTAN. SATURDAY, JULY 2, 1?21
ESTABLISHED BY HENRY I- PITTOCK.
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GARFIELD AND CIVIL SERVICE
REFORM.
James A, Garfield, twentieth pres
ident of the United States, was shot
on July 2, 1881, just forty years ago
today, by an assassin whose unbal
anced mind had been excited by
political dissensions then rife in the
republican party. The tragedy was
all the more deplorable because it
might have been prevented, but it
Illustrated the danger of the easy
going tolerance which then pre
vailed in official quarters in the
handling of hordes of cranks and
otherwise suspicious characters who
fairly thronged the White House
and the capitol in that time. Charles
J. Guiteau, the slayer of Garfield,
was among so many seekers of po
litical spoils that for a considerable
time he attracted no attention. Civil
eervice reform was measurably
hastened by President Garfield's
death, w"hich exhibited to the coun
try the evils of the system under
which the time, the energies and
the political acumen of the chief
magistrate of the nation were need
lessly dissipated in consideration of
the petty claims of individuals to
the rewards of partisan zeal.
The factional differences existing
between Roscoe Conkling, champion
of a third term for Grant and a
leader of the "stalwart" wing of
the republican party, and Garfield,
as the representative of the "half
breeds," as they were then called,
were an indirect contributing cause
of the culminating tragedy because
they occupied a large place in pub
lic interest and led the weak-witted
Guiteau to believe that he waa the
martyr of a system and the symbol
of a cause. Personal politics have
seldom attained greater depths of
intensity than during the weeks im
mediately following the inaugura
tion in 1881, when the issue was
precipitated by Garfield's nomina
tion, on March 23, of William H.
Robertson, political enemy of Conk
ling, to be collector of the port of
New York, and when after a vain
effort to block Robertson's confir
mation by the senate, Conkling and
Piatt resigned their seats in the fol
lowing May with the purpose of
seeking vindication by re-election
a vindication which, however, they
failed to obtain. But the idea that
political preferment was a plum to
be awarded to the victor in a gen
eral scramble was fostered by the
uncertainties of the ensuing situa
tion. Guiteau, one of a great num
ber of frequenters of Washington
who believed themselves to have
made Garfield president, was an ap
plicant for a diplomatic post and a
doily visitor at the White House
until May 13, on which date ad
mittance was refused him. He con
tinued, however, to call and to write
letters, which were looked on as
the outpourings of a harmless
crank. Resignation of the New
York senators a few days after this
and the heat of controversy in the
senate and elsewhere completed the
' wreck of Guiteau's mind.
Colonel W. H. Crook, who was
attached to the president's official
retinue during this period, and who
came almost daily In contact with
the assassin, expressed what in all
probability ia now the verdict of
history In a declaration that the
fault in the whole matter was part
of the general method of disposing
of office seekers which had obtained
for a long time. Applicants for
office, who literajly numbered thou
sands and who swarmed about the
executive offices to the confusion of
other public business, were usually
received with democratic courtesy
and informed that their requests
would be put on file and considered.
"In the majority of cases," observes
Crook, "there was not the slightest
probability of any position being
granted. It was just the usual
human method of saving trouble
and avoiding a scene." But men
often wasted months waiting, hang
ing about the White House and the
various departments, when if they
had been told at the outset that
the're was no position for them, their
momentary disappointment would
have been more than atoned for by
a great ultimate saving of time and
trouble. Says Crook:
It is not often that such devastation Is
wrought as in the cnne of Guiteau, but. in
a minor degree, millions of men have been
injured by just such tactics. Following the
event, the usual number of persons came
forward with accounts of premonitions of
11! to the president at the hands of Gui
teau. But the truth was merely that
Guiteau had made himself somewhat con
spicuous. There was no more reason to
think of him as a possible assassin than
of many others. I have been told that
Blaine exclaimed, when he first heard the
president had been shot: "Guiteau did
this!" having In mind threatening letters
Guiteau hsd written to the president. But
he might have had the same feeling re
garding half a dozen others, who went
quietly home and were never heard ot
again.
The unsuccessful efforts of Conk
ling to obtalq control of a large share
of political patronage, Garfield's
action In appointing Blaine secre
tary of state and Windom secretary
of the treasury instead of Levi p.
Morton, whose appointment Conk
ling had urged, and Conkling's sub
sequent disinclination to agree to
any sort of compromise on the New
York appointments form an inter
esting chapter in the political his
tory of the time. The important
result, however, was the impetus
piveri to reform in the civil service.
The first federal law forbidding the
v'.r-lous practice of levying assess
ments for partisan purposes upon
government employes was passed in
1883, and was administered with
fidelity, though its field of opera
tion was extended slowly, by Presi
dent Arthur, himself a champion of
the old system. Pioneer state civil
service reform laws, in New York
and Massachusetts, were the prod
uct of this federal reform, and the
latter also paved the way for cau
tious extension of the new method
by Cleveland, Harrison and Roose
velt. It is now unthinkable, after a
trial of forty years, that the country
should ever return to the haphazard
methods which prevailed prior to
Garfield's administration and which
j were abolished largely as the result
I of his assassination.
QUOTING CONFUCIUS.
Judge Gatens could have found a
thousand quotations in Holy Writ
applicable to the unfortunate
church controversy which has re
sulted in exoneration for Dr. Morri
son; but he chose to commend to the
instigators of the lawsuit the wise
and Christ-like admonitions of the
heathen sage Confucius. He could
have been equally successful, no
doubt, with the Talmud or the
Koran. Every known system of re
ligion from the beginning has coun
seled men to dwell together in har
mony, to forgive, to be humble, to
envy not, to covet not, to hate not,
to be pure, to be righteous, to be
faithful, to be honest, to be just,
and to do no wrong. But there
was peculiar point to the rebuke by
the judge in commending the pre
cepts of a Chinaman to the follow
ers of a religion whose teachings
some of them had forgotten or ig
nored in the present unhappy in
stance. Early in the course of the long-drawn-out
trial Judge Gatens pro
tested in effect that it should never
have been brought before him or
any other similar court, and sug
gested that the hearing be suspend
ed. The reply was that- the causes
of difference were so deep-seated
and the schism was so wide, that it
was impossible to settle the matter
within- the church. Now the affair
has been settled by the judge and
the church has gained nothing, and
much has been lost by some indi
viduals. We shall be as gentle and chari
table as could be wished by the par
tisans of either side, in discussion
of a - lawsuit, which should not
have been brought, and draw the
curtain here, without naming names.
It would be of no use. It would
sear, not heal, a very deep wound.
It is desirable from every stand
point that the solidarity of . the
church a church with such a tra
dition, such a power, such a duty
be restored if possible. It may take
heroic measures and some sacrifices,
though we do not at all know what
measures or what sacrifices. But
if there is to be no spirit to forgive,
no willingness to yield, no will to
harmonize, it will remain a divided
church, which no one should desire,
and which everyone knows will be
a reproach to Christianity and a
disaster to the public.
BEST MAN OR BEST PUGILIST.
The experts and the inexperts
agree that, barring a fluke, the
thing which is a match fight and is
called a boxing contest, at Jersey
City today, can end but one way.
Jack Dempsey the spurious and
imitation Jack Dempsey. whose real
name is Bill Dempsey will retain
the championship and put $300,000
in cash in his pocket. He will get
the fnoney whether he stays cham
pion or not. That is the kind of a
'sportsman he is. The real Jack
Dempsey, a square man, a brave
soul, a true fighter, lies in an hon
ored grave near Portland, his home.
Why did the living Bill Dempsey
drop his own name and take a
better man's?
The living Dempsey is champion
heavyweight pugilist of the United
States. The encounter with Carpen
tler is "Tor the championship of the
world. It is doubtless true that in
no previous contest of the kind has
the representative of American pu
gilistic prowess failed to have back
of him the united sentiment of his
own country. It is different now.
The reason is not that Dempsey is a
typical bruiser and Carpentier Is
not, but that Dempsey, the fighter,
fights only for himself and not for
his country. The record of his an
tagonist is different, quite different.
We do not look for the best man
to win today; but the best fighter
will win. Except that there is a
taint of the slacker about the Amer
ican champion, we could find no
fault with such a result. This is
professional pugilism, and the most
proficient "pug," in accord with the
fitness of things, should and usually
does win. So, after all. if Dempsey
wins, the pugilistic championship of
the world will remain on the level
where it belongs.
A SELFISH SEARCH FOR HAPPINESS.
There is no being quite so stupidly
stubborn as your true idealist. He
follows the gleam with never a
thought aside, and shards and thorns
but seem to prove to him the sure
divinity of his quest. There's young
Charles Garland, as a case in point,
who shocked the 'country a few
months ago by his quixotic refusal
to share in a tl, 250, 000 estate,
steadfastly maintaining that, though
the legacy was from his father, he
had no right to gold he had not
earned. We had wagged our heads
sadly over this incomprehensible
young man, and finally dismissed
him, when an uncle up and dies,
willing this refractory heir another
million.
"I will not take it," said young
Garland. "If I did I would be steal
ing something that doesn't belong to
me. And if I give money away I am
helping someone to receive stolen
goods that will do him harm. I could
never do any good with money."
This from an onion patch, where
the youth plodded barefoot about
his duties as gardener, stirring the
loam with the passionate applica
tion of one who loves the mother of
all. There is wealth enough for the
most wishful worker, he elaborated,
in an acre of good land, and philo
sophic happiness in growing jour
own food without levying a penny of
tribute upon your fellow man. It is
his conceit that destiny gave him
the role of protectant against "a so
ciety based on money," and that for
whatever good may come of it he
must live his life in rural simplicity.
You cannot argue with Charley.
He is a college -trained economist,
with views of his own, queer, non
conformist views that are essentially
selfish when subjected to analysis.
The truth is that he pleases himself
and none other, and that his concep
tion of the pursuit of happiness
leaves many a fellow being out 'in
the rain and the cold. Now a mil
lion dollars or so, if young Garland
would but sidetrack his Idealism for
a week or so, could be so adminis
tered that thousands of crippled
children might run and play again.
Or what manner of deity would
scorn, let us say, the employment of
Garland's rejected millions in the
famine fields of China?
BOY SCOUTS IN CAMP.
The approach of the camping sea
son of the Boy Scouts calls attention
anew to the spirit of a movement
that deserves success because it fur
nishes an outlet for the buoyant
physical energy of youth while it
furnishes it with beneficial guid
ance. Men have long ceased to be
lieve in repression where direction
will serve the better purpose. That
discipline can be instilled without
being harshly enforced, and that
wisely supervised play is a first rate
fBrm of exercise is one of the sound
principles which have been proved
by the Boy Scout movement.
The overcrowding of the cities
and the relative desertion of the
country are among the phenomena
of the age which are disturbing be
cause they indicate a growing ten
dency to sacrifice the physical and
the spiritual benefits which- our
forefathers derived fr.om compulsory
contact with the world out of doors.
It is not important in itself, of
course, that one shall have learned
how to kindle a fire with two sticks
of wood, when matches are as com
mon as they are, but the knack is
the symbol of achievement, and of
something more. The lively imagi
nation of the youngster, his infinite
capacity for living over again every
stage through which the race has
passed, and the gregarious instinct
which led the cave-man to take the
first step in social organization are
the material for potential weal or
woe.
A little work, a good deal of play,
and a moderate restraint, such as
the Boy Scout programme contem
plates, would appear to be about the
right thing for the average boy. The
continued growth of the organiza
tion is not accidental, but is due to
its recognition of a need of the time.
"AND WE AINT GOT NONE!"
From time to time we blush with
confusion at being told that Amer
ica has no true civilization, alias
culture. Very, very hlgh-browed
folk from over the water, gambol
ing thither to garner the harvest of
the dollar-tree, an indigenous and
prolific producer, have told so with
lofty condescension. America, they
repeat, is charming but impossible,
captivating but crude. And occa
sionally there arises from our own
soil some son of the people who,
having learned to wear a monocle
and swing a stick and sip tea with
coy familiarity, echoes this dread
ful charge and well-nigh whelms us
with the hopelessness of It all. Per
haps it is some boorish taint In pur
veins, wherefor we pray forgiveness,
that impels us at such times to re
flect that our critics unvaryingly
convert their criticisms, their neatly
stinging phrases, their elegant si mi
lies, into cash or the equivalent
thereof. Charged with being prac
tical to the point of offense, indicted
for an uncouth scramble-after the
material things of life, . we are
pained just a trifle to witness the
avidity with which these elegants of
art and letters pounce down upon
the furtive quarter, the rolling half,
the cart-wheel and the fleeting
greenback.
Comes now, of all persons from
all places in all the world, a. certain
Ku Hung-Ming, of the culture celes
tial, who weeps bright tears of
amber for the delinquencies of
America, terming her a nomad na
tion without civilization. Mr. Ku
cannot be charged with self-seeking,
perhaps, for by all accounts he is
still hoisting noodles in his favorite,
if somewhat odorous, retreat some
where in the forbidden city. But
his judgment of us has broken into
print, and we can only conclude that
when America's shame is current in
sleepy old opium - stewed China
something should be said, some
lance be lifted, in reply. All the
more so because Mr. Ku must be
somewhat of an authority on no
mads, considering the frequency
and abandon of the Tartar visita
tions some centuries since.
Mr. Ku, to be brief, though he is
not, says that "Annabel Lee" repre
sents the zenith in our poetry, and
that we have no songs worthy of
survival save those the darkies
crooned 'way down yonder in the
cornfield. Sighing gustily over his
oolong, the windy Celestial philoso
pher informs us that were America
to perish tomorrow, a sufficiently
disconcerting thought in itself, she
would leave no legacy of culture
wherefrom the archaeologists of an
other era might form their conclu
sions of our civilization. Mr. Ku,
you solemnly saffron old rascal,
permit us to suggest that we are
not worrying about the opinion of
a lot of frumpy old excavationists
yet unborn. However
We, for ourselves, find much that
is charming and permanent in that
which we fondly believe to be cul
ture in American letters and life.
We cling to the dear delusion that
Longfellow and Whlttier were true
poets of the people, that Poe was
transcendant genius, that Washing
ton Irving penned a few bits that
are classic, that John Burroughs
was the voice of nature, that Am
brose Bierce knew as few men have
known the art of the written word,
that when the need arose our bal
ladists broke into battle songs that
stirred the heart profoundly, that
we own and hold in perpetuity cer
tain gracile books and verses that
illustrate sentiment as we compre
hend it, and we do firmly believe
that the Wonderful Wizard of Oz
is a fairy tale equal to any that
Grimm or a fishwife ever spun', aird
withal not bloody and baleful to
behold, but fraught with Joy.
Lengthy as this sentence may be, it I
does not serve to recite a tithe, a
tittle, a jot of the much that we
have to be thankful for and to cling
to with affection.
Having curiously inquired Into a
tinny din, a bedlam of totally unre
lated noises, late one sultry after
noon, to the end that we discovered
not a riot in a pie-plate factory
but a Chinese orchestra and a
Chinese play, we would ask the
serene and honorable Mr. Ku if that
was culture? Certain estimable
Chinese, who fled the culture of
China for the fleshpots of America,
assured us solemnly that it was, and
that upon such diet had the souls
of their venerated ancestors been
nurtured in their day, back and
away back to the rule of the won
derful old Emperor Whang, him
self. From this discovery arose the
suspicion that the ancient culture of
China was of necessity as unaccept
able to the Occident, as a well-sea
soned dish of weather-beaten dried
duck, garnished with eggs that were
vigorous and old enough to vote
when the empire built its celebrated
wall.
Logically to pursue the same con
clusion, we Incline to a belief that
the cultural offerings of all our
critics may sensibly be appraised
by the. same standard. We have
grave reason to suspect that they
bring us the over-ripe fruit of a
moribund civilization with the pro
fession that it is new-laid and guar
anteed to hatch. And we say
would that Walt Whitman might
say it for us that here is a land
that creates for" itself all manners
of blessings, is creating its culture
among them, and that is not wor
ried in the least because it has no
local parallel for "Taffy was a
Welshman, Taffy was a thief" the
lack of which strikes our Celestial
critic as singularly significant and
ominous.
Culture what is culture, any
how? Is it famine, such as China
hugs to her gaunt ribs? Or plague,
that sweeps the older nations of
Europe? Or war, to whose motif
the hammers are tripping by a
thousand giant forges? Hunger and
misery, strife and unrest, lice and
license, these the ancient centers of
culture have in abundance. In their
grief and extremity they turn to the
youngest stripling of the nations,
not two centuries old, and ask for
dole. Yes, and receive. We are a
practical people, and as practical
people we perceive that somehow
something was lacking in their
formula of civilization, or culture,
else it had not failed them in an
hour of need. What have they to
give us one-half so precious as that
we already hold?
The test -of true culture is happi
ness, and by this test America leads
the list. They will tell you in Eu
rope that the future hope of the
world rests In the unselfish continu
ance of America's clearly defined
idealism. We are loath to believe
it, bul we are not laggard In stoop
ing to take such altruistic burdens
as offer, conceiving selfishness to be
the deadly sin, and all else imma
terial. So, while plainly lacking in
folk lore and old wives' tales and
super-refinements of etiquette, we
are content and confident. It is
well for the world, or so they say,
that this is true. Culture? Why,
bless your soul, Germany oozed with
it and perished.
Is it laudable to stimulate the
spirit of public service by offering
reward, as does the plan recently
Inaugurated In Philadelphia by Ed
ward W. Bok? He proposes to
award $10,000 annually to that resi
dent who has rendered a service
"best calculated to serve the largest
Interests of the city." Patient, con
structive effort, productive in the
long run of incalculable good,
would seem to be barred from the
contest. Instead of planning for a
solidly foundatloned future, Mr. Bok
would have the citizens cudgel their
minds for immediate, material and
palpably showy manifestations of
service. If the plan Is intended to
quicken the wits of Philadelphlans,
as any offer of $10,000 Is apt to, then
it may be well conceived. But one
cannot imagine that the right sort
of citizen, the builder, needs or ex
pects such a gratuity for his efforts.
The instant he does expect It his
aims become selfish and sordid, and
the idealist is transformed to the
self-seeker. It is entirely probable
that the ensuing year will witness
more freak , proposals and projects
in Philadelphia than in all previous
annals of the city. Meanwhile the
persevering plodders, giving great
ness to their dwelling place day by
day, will never be within hailing dis
tance of the award they so richly
deserve.
Portland's grain exports for the
year that . ended Thursday were
more than 23,000,000 bushels, of a
value of more than $43,000,000.
Those figures show where the Pa
cific coast grain business Is done.
A clergyman should be a little
more than human in setting a good
example, which running off with a
young girl is not; yet, somehow,
those offenders seldom get the full
penalty.
Pedestrians on a road that has no
sidewalk are expected to take the
left side and be diligent in seeing
what they are meeting. This way,
accidents may be avoided.
Perhaps one reason President
Harding named Mr. Taft for chief
justice was that no other chair in
the supreme court is big enough for
him.
Daugherty says he will not be at
the ringside today out of respect for
opinions of people he represents.
Well, there's the desk phone handy.
Men fond of statistics, with little
else to do, can register the number
of cars stampeding from the city
today for over the Fourth.
One thing that makes us think
Carpentier really has a chance is
the unanimity with which the ex
perts pick him to lose.
Judging from the frequency with
which young essay writers speak of
"raw materials," they must think
them something to eat.
Addition of another shift in a big
mill at. Bend shows the lumber In
dustry is not in a bad way in that
region.
Cutting a corner Is a popular of
fense and the fine is small; it grows
with repetition, though.
Banker Stillman "would be entitled
to more respect if he were some
thing like his name.
Gresham makes good always and
the offer of berries in plenty can be
depended upon.
The odds are 3 to 1 on Dempsey,
but public sympathy is 50 to 1 on
Carpentier.
Who'll be first with a- big sub
scription for the 1926 fair?
Mr. Taft always did prefer Judge
to any of his other titles.
Dempsey is letting the hair grow
to save his face!
The Friars' club was the last of
them.
This beats sweltering weather,
anyway.
You never can tell,
HOPE: OK CANCER CURE BRIGHT. !
ew X-Ray Treatment Invested fcy ;
Bsvsrlss Tried is LoMdos.
Remarkable efficacy of a new
X-ray treatment for cancer Is re
ported from London in a cable dis
patch to .the New York Times. Hos
pital authorities Bay they hope to
effect cures in SO per cent of cases
treated.
A demonstration of the process of
treatment was given today at the
hospital. The apparatus costs about
2000 to install. It is attached to
the outstretched arm of an upright
standard machine and projects over
the patient's bed. .the controlling
switches being in an apartment shut
off by a leaded partition. A tunneled
base is lowered into close contact
with the patient's body and around
I- are spread leaded rubber wrap
pings. In the apparatus the electrical
current, taken from the source that
supplies the lighting, is Increased In
tension to a voltage of about 200.000.
which roughly doubles the previous
limits of penetration. The intensity
of the rays, it is said, is such as has
never before been available for prac
tical work.
In a memorandum Issued by the
hospital it is stated that the highest
percentage of cures is obtained only
where the cases are subjected to
treatment as early as recognized and
where there has been no preliminary
operation.
A medical correspondent of high
standing, discussing the new treat
ment, says:
"In spite of the enormous amount
of work which clever and Ingenious
brains already have expended on the
study of radiology, it Is obvious that
we are only at the threshold of the
knowledge with which X-rays are
pregnant. The usefulness of these
rays for locating bullets and for
similar purposes was more than
amply demonstrated during the war,
but the knowledge of their curative
powers made little or no progress
during those eventful years. Since
the war, and. Indeed, long before, it
had been sadly and even dramatical
ly brought home to us that the con
stant handling of these rays, even by
the most highly skilled experts, was
fraught with the gravest dangers to
the operators.
"It has long been known that cer
tain of these rays will penetrate
normal tissue painlessly and harm
lessly and yet produce effects upon
abnormal tissue which lies beneath.
They will, for example, pass through
skin and muscle and yet produce a
powerful effect upon the subjacent
bone.
"The application of X-rays to the
cure of cancer Is only a step further
Into the territory thus already con
quered. We know that cancer con
sists of what is called embryonic tis
sue seed cells, gfs some one has
called, them and rays which are
called hard rays have been shown to
have a selective influence upon these
seed cells.
"The problem then presented it
self in this way: It ought theoretical
ly to be possible to get rays which
are hard enough completely to destroy
the concer cells which will, neverthe
less, penetrate the normal tissue
without damage. The answer to this
problem has now, it seems, been found
by the Bavarian radiologist and the
apparatus which is the expression of
ti'.B work Is now plying its beneficent
and wonder-working trade at the
West London hospital."
size: is not primes essential,
Nor Is Convertible Security Neces
sary (a Exposition's Success.
PORTLAND, Or., July 1. (To the
Editor.) Oregon has announced to
the world that she will stage an Atlantic-Pacific
Highways and Elec
trical Exposition in 1925. In this ex
pression of her vision and courage she
is fully aware of great difficulties to
be faced and surmounted. To rush
Into such a scheme blindly would be
the height of folly. To become sud
denly timid and abandon the idea is
not the Oregon way. It is not neces
sary to Btage the biggest (air in the
world, to plunge into an engulfing
depth that is contrary to the dictates
of the times when the world is un
dergiong readjustment, and economy
is the order of the day. Size Is not
the Important consideration. An ex
position big enough to be effective,
to have dignity, to command atten
tion is essential, but intelligent selec
tion of site, beauty of setting, and
architectural charm harmonizing with
the multiplicity of features character
istic of the northwest will do the
trick. This sort of exposition the
writer believes can be made a success.
There are pessimists among us, in
cluding mfn whose judgment com
mands respect, who sound the note
of warning, who are fearful of the
enterprise, who question the wisdom
of the undertaking. As a purely
banking proposition such an ambi
tious scheme perhaps might not be a
sound investment. But did those early
pioneers whose vision and indomita
ble spirit carried them west and
carved this garden spot put of the
wilderness and gave it to us to enjoy
and cherish did they first consult
their bankers?. Has it ever been the
manner of. the' west to back only an
absolutely sure thing? Does confi
dence in the future of this empire
stimulate the noblest efforts of Its
citizens further to merit its benefits
and feature them for posterity, or
must we adopt the purely funda
mental tests of business and risk
nothing without tangible security that
can be Immediately turned into cash?
Did James J. Hill have the profits
of his enterprise in the bank before
he developed the northwest country,
or did he visualize its possibilities and
then throw the momentum of his
mighty brain and the force of his per
sonality to realize them? Was any
thing worth while ever accomplished
without enthusiasm? Does the aspi
rant for the prize who constantly
keeps his eye on the brake ever win
the race? Citizens of Oregon, let us
arouse ourselves to this opportunity,
back up these men of vision who be
lieve that the state- of Oregon and
the northwest will be only what we
make it! It is said a concrete plan
of financing this project is being pre
pared. Let us lend our enthusiasm,
our efforts, and our cash to crystallize
this idea into action. It we do not
move to dispel the gloom now con
fronting the world we shall continue
to have depression. The psychology
of an exposition to be held in Port
land in 1925 will tend to encourage
everybody and will focus attention
on something other than our troubles.
It is an evidence of that optimism
which is expressive of western ideals,
and it is worthy of our united sup
port. CHARLES S. HOLBKOOK.
A CONUNDRUM.
I have a strange conundrum
To write in verse for you
And if you fail to solve it,
I'll give the answer true.
Tis this: What is the difference
Between a rut and a grave?
(Both are very easy to fall into
And from either 'tis hard to save).
One little word tells the difference
Give It up? Here's the answer, friend,
'Tis depth, mere depth, a rut and a
grave.
Both have a downward trend.
JANETTE MARTIN.
Sure to Be Llsnt.
Tonkers, N. T.. Statesman.
"I think you need more footlights
on the stage," said the theatrical
manager who had hired the hall for
a performance.
"Oh, you'll find the house light
enough when you come to give your
show. I reckon." replied the man who
owned the hall and knew the town,
Those Who Come and Co.
Tales of Polk at the Hotels.
"There is more water in the reser
voir of the Warm Springs dam than
some people believed could ever be
impounded," says Arthur Means of
Vale, Or., who was in the city yester
day. "The heavy rains this year have
filled the reservoir and there is more
water available than required. Even
optimistic Individuals did not expect
the present water level to be attained
for the next two or three years, but
the water is there all that is re
quired and more. This is the second
year of the project and it is getting
along nicely. The farmers get three
crops of alfalfa a year and. while
there isn't a big demand for the feed,
the large quantity available will be
an inducement for people to bring in
stock. I notice that there is a great
deal of building in progress in Port
land. Building In Vale has been prac
tically suspended for the past two
years because of the money shortage."
"Crops tn eastern Oregon are in bet
ter condition now than they have
been for years, and the people are
looking forward to good times." re
ports Mrs. Pauline Quaid, who has re
turned from a month's business trip
to Heppner. Mrs. Quaid has extensive
holdings in eastern Oregon. "The
hay Is coming along fine." she says,
"and prices are going to be low be
cause of the big crop which will result
from the heavy rains this spring. The
sheep are in very good condition and.
although the price of wool is low. sell
ing at 19 cents, the people appear to
be making the best of it. Farm labor
Is low compared with what it has been
in the past few years. The laborers
are receiving from $2 to $2.50 a day.
"During her stay In Heppner Mrs.
Quaid leased 4600 acres to Frank
Monehan for three years. She also
bought a small farm for herself.
On matters of interest to the Ore
gon Grain Growers' association,
formed some time ago, A. R. Shum
way of Milton. Or., is an arrival in the
city. The association is said to have
a pool of about 4.000.0(H) bushels of
wheat signed up. The association is
formed along lines similar to the
growers' associations in California
and is one of the marketing organiza
tions made possible by the legislation
enacted at Salem last winter. If the
association works out successfully
this year it will probably be enlarged
next year and cause other associations
to be formed for marketing raw prod
ucts. J. G. Tavares of San Francisco, who
checked out of the Benson yesterday
to catch the Shasta limited, will re
turn to Portland in a few days to
direct a "drive" among the investors
of this community. Mr. Tavares, who
recently completed a somewhat
similar drive in San Francisco, is
preparing to place in this section
about a million dollars' worth of
stock of the Northwestern Electric
company and part of the funds thus
raised will be used for further de
velopment of power for the company
at White Salmon, Wash.
Albert Abraham of Hoseburg is
trying a case In the federal court.
Mr. Abraham was formerly a mem
ber of the state senate and at one
time was a candidate for the republi
can nomination for governor. He
was the man who had the name of
Charles E Hughes put on the Oregon
presidential preferential primary bal
lot over the objections of Mr. Hughes,
and It was the Oregon delegation,
committed to Hughes, as a result of
the primary election, that formed the
basis for Mr. Hughes' nomination in
1916.
When Milton A. Miller Is no longer
collector of Internal revenue, he may
follow in the footsteps of those other
Illustrious demoorats, William Jen
nings Bryan and Tom Marshall. Mr.
Miller has been booked by a Chau
tauqua circuit to deliver a patriotic
address at Goldendale, Wash., on the
Fourth of July. The senator has just
returned from a trip to his old stamp
ing grounds In Linn county and says
that the crop conditions in that vicin
ity are of a most promising char
acter. "Speaking of hose," said a travel
ing salesman, "it is more easy to
satisfy men than women. A number
of years ago a big concern put out
hose which they backed with a guar
antee not to get -holes. The women
simply put that factory out of busi
ness, because the women returned
the hose with holes. With men it is
different. When a man buys hose
supposed to be proof from holes and
holes develop, he accepts the conse
quences and never thinks of return
ing them."
Everyone In the hotels yesterday
talked of nothing but the Dempsey
Carpentier battle. Almost every one
on- the hotel staffs, from the chefs to
the waiters and from the clerks to
the bellhops had a little bet down.
The patrons in the lobbies abandoned
all other topics. .
S. Z. Culver, of the state treasurer'
office is registered at the Hotel Ore
gon. Mr. Culver was among those
mentioned for appointment as United
States appraiser. This is one of the
federal jobs which the senatorial dele
gation of Oregon has not yet made up
its mind on.
Ever hear of Snark? Not "The
Hunting of the Snark." nor the yacht
Snark, in which Jack London sailed
the south seas, but Snark, Or.? It is
In .Tillamook county, on the railroad,
and J. W. Hughes of Snark is among
the arrivals at the Hotel Oregon.
J. E. Reynolds, who farms near La
Grande, arrived In town yesterday.
He is a member of the state fair board
of directors. Mr. Reynolds is said to
be an aspirant for the position of
grain man with the co-operative asso
ciation of Oregon grower
George H. Kelly returned from the
east yesterday, having made the round
trip by automobile. While he doesn't
say much about the roads he encoun
tered, he admits that he never had a
blowout in the many thousand miles
traveled. '
H. B. Sloan of Belknap Springs, on
the north fork of the McKenzle river,
is at the Imperial. There Isn't an
enthusiastic fisherman in Oregon who
hasn't been there or plans on going
to that haven of trout.
Not all the motor traffic Is headed
from the United States to British Co
lumbia. Mr. and Mrs, J. A. W. Bell
of Vancouver. B. C, are motoring
down the coast and have registered
at the Hotel Portland.
Having browsed over the roads of
California, the W. F. Garner family
arrived somewhat dusty at the Hotel
Portland yesterday. They are on their
way to Detroit, the garage of the
nation.
W. S. Cone of Bay City, Or., at the
Perkins with Leon Parker, is the
owner of one of the finest forests in
tbe state, a forest of timber that has
never had an ax sunk into It.
Obscurity Is Hinted.
Washington, D. C. Star.
"Some of the greatest works of
literature and philosophy, lie buried
In obscurity."
"Don't I know It?" agreed Senator
Sorghum. "Look at any of last
year' party platforms,'
Burroughs Nature Club.
Copyright. HooKhton-Mlfflln Co.
Cmm '' Answer These Questions f
What are the animals or Insects
called peepers? How big are they?
Is It possible to catch one?
I. Is it possible for worker bees
to lay eggs?
?.". ,Please describe the Townsend
solitaire and tell something about It.
Answers in tomorrow's nature notes.
Answers to Previous Questions,
t. What are fairy rings?
These are patches of especially well
nourished grass that show dark
against the surrounding lawn, and
are due to a fungus erowth which
starts very small from one or two
plants. The old mushrooms decay at
the end of their season and leave a
deposit of nitrogen In the soil, which
reeds the grass immediately con
tiguous. As the mushrooms spread
from year to year, the patch of richly
fed grass enlarges and becomes con
spicuous. 2. Do rattlesnakes eat snakes?
No. Most varieties of rattlers eat
only warm-blooded prey, like small
rabbits, rodents and birds. The pigmy
rattlesnake is an exception to this
rule, however, as It eats also frogs.
The diamond-back rattlesnake Is said
to eat rabbits, guinea pigs and rats
In captivity, but to refuse birds.
S. Can swans elng? What is meant
by a "swan song?"
In an old fable swans were sup
posed to sing sweetly on the approach
of death. The tame swan has no note
beyond a hissing noise. The whistling
or whooping swan, olor columbianus.
has a very sonorous note, due to its
peculiar trachea or windpipe, which
makes two turns within the chest.
The trumpeter swan, olor buccinator,
has a loud, hollow note.
DUTY OF ALL TO HELP SCHOOLS
Bachelor Hns Both Social and Finan
cial Obligation.
PORTLAND. July L (To the Editor-)
The "Taxpayer for 45 years"
may be right in his assertion that we
have an extravagant set of officials
In our city hall, and he seems to be
right that it is not fair to expect a
man to pay for the education of an
other man's child. But he is not right
nor is his proposal a good one to have
the scholars !. e. their parents pay
for the upkeep of the schools.
Ha says he has no children at
school. If they are grown up he will
have appreciated years ago when oth
ers helped to pay for their education.
If he has none, he should understand
that the man who raises a family
pays a lot of taxes through bigger
consumption Which a childless man
has not to pay. If It is fair for a man
who has all the troubles and cares in
cidental to rearing new citizens to
pay revenues that his family-less
neighbor does not pay, then it cer
tainly Is fair that this and that well
fed bachelor shall balance somewhat
the account by contributing In an
other way. And even then he is noth
ing short of the family man because,
besides the Indirect tax. the latter
also pays school tax.
"Why not pro rate divide the
amount of money needed among the
parents of scholars?" The explana
tion just given Is one reason. The
other is a social one. If only parents
of pupils are to pay, the number of
payers would be greatly reduced,
hence the amount per head would be
proportionately higher. As a. result
many families would have to refrain
from sending their children to BchooL
Thus through further decrease In num
ber of payers there would be further j
increase in tax even though there
would not be as many schools needed.
As a result we would soon have con
ditions as in Europe namely the rich
man could give his son an education,
but the poor man's son, and his son,
and his, must toil for two and a half
per, now and forever, the slave of the
rich man, the men with the education.
No sir, do not hamper those people
who have the ambition to get an edu
cation. They will probably make our
best citizens. Give them all the
chances we can. Nobody can then
holler. I had no chance.
MAX F. GOHRE.
A Color Page of Tributes
to the Flag.
Here, folks, is a feature for the day before the Fourth!
Turn to the magazine section, cover page, of tomorrow's big
issue, where the Sunday editor has assembled nine poems that
celebrate the splendid ideals of the red, white and blue. Illus
trated with a photographic reproduction in four colors three of
'em you'll guess just like that! T any rate this page with its
poems of patriotism is the sort of page you'll want to clip and
keep. And some of the tributes it bears will echo in memory
whenever you see the colors, whether on the nation's natal day
or through the humdrum year. Look for this special feature in
the Sunday paper.
Stuck a Feather in His Hat. Who did? Oh, go on, you know
very well who did! And William Almon Wolff, one of America's
best known authors, correctly assuming that The Sunday Orego
nian for the coming week would be incomplete without a yarn of
the glorious Fourth, forthwith spun one for your pleasure and
so entitled it. It is the lively narrative of an incident in the
life of Bill Halliday, exile, who learned a thing or two about
pyrotechnics and won his heart's desire. No joshing, this tip is.
worth precisely half an hour of the most enjoyable reading.
Putting the Oyster to Work. Though the oyster is prover
bially reticent and mum, the secret of his pearl formula has long
been known-to man. The oyster is irritated when he sets about to
produce a pearl. He is vexed as much as any bivalve can be
vexed, and in his petulance he produces gems for the throat of
beauty. Now the wholesale manufacture of pearls by natural
means has been taken over by man, and the oyster is verily the
serf of the surf, who toils for the vanity of mortals. And, in
cidentally, for their profit. Thomas B. Sherman has written for
tomorrow's Sunday issue an excellent article on the peonage of
oysters. Illustrated.
How to Dance the Toddle. What is the "toddle," anyway? Of
course, all the younger set know that it's a dance, but how is it
danced discreetly? This burning question Arthur Murray has
undertaken to answer, and in the terpsichorean whirl Mr. Murray
is some totem. Famous as a dancing master, his views on the
new dance and his instructions to the wishful will be of much
importance. They are to be found in tomorrow's magazine sec
tion, together with posed pictures illustrating various steps in
this, latest diversion, which Arthur says is "delightfully easy and
restful." You tell 'em, Arthur.
Pennell Brings Whistler Back to Washington The works of
the greatest artist of his generation, together with 'biographical
data, have been presented to the American government by his
friend and ardent admirer, Joseph Pennell. In the Sunday issue,
direct from the national capital, appears an exclusive interview
with Mr. Pennell, as related by William Atherton Du Puy. With
illustrations.
She Hates Curls, Now Isn't That Curious? Mary Pickford
asserts that curls are extremely distasteful to her, however much
they may have contributed to her conquest of the motion picture
patron. And they have wrought sweet havoc, as all will testify.
This odd revelation, with many other interesting asides in the
life of our Mary, is made in the Sunday issue, where her auto
biographical account is now appearing serially.
All the News of All the World
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN
Just Five Cents
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Montague.
WOHSE A."D WORSE.
Though bitter our lot, when the
winter blew chill.
And coal cost a fortune to buy.
We find that existence Is bitterer still
Now summer illumines the sky.
For squandered on taxes and house
rent and bread.
And similar follies, our cash Is.
And never a dollar we're getting
ahead
For golf balls and drivers and
mashies.
Unhappy we were, when a new pair
ox pants
Meant setting waist deep Into debt.
And hocking our salary weeks in ad
vance. But now we're unhappier yet.
Those prices for clothing, examined
today.
Seem hardly a Jit cr a tottle.
When moisture, to dampen oblivion's
clay.
Costs forty-five dollars a bottle.
It seemed pretty hard that a room
and a bath
Cost as much as an average cow;
It always excited our murmurous
wrath,
Yet it doesn't seem anything now.
Our troubles were tough, but they
were not complete
Till we learned that the scalpers
were sticking
The public for ninety-five dollars a
seat
To see a big pug get his licking.
As long as mere trifles like foodstuff
and coal.
Were soaring about in the eky.
We shouldered our load with a eong
in our soul
And never a sob or a eigh.
But life's getting harder, and we are
amazed
To see what a hideous mess it la
What hope does the future hold out
when they've raised
The price of Che barest necessities?
Naturally. t
We notice that most of the objec
tions to long hits in baseball games
come from cities which are not repre
sented on the diamond by Mr. Babe
Ruth,
A Trifle Complicated.
"Wa fall : n kaa 1ncr ,T,filv VflW
England can ally herself with France
against Turkey and with Germany
against France without to seme ex
tent embarrassing herself.
And Once Was Enough.
France wants to try the kaiser.
Germany tried him once with highly
unsatisfactory results.
In Other Days.
Twenty-five Years Ago.
From The Oregonian of July 2. ISO.
Hartford, Conn. At noon today
Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe, who
wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin," passed
away at her residence in this city.
The permanent organization of the
union republican club took place last
night at the office of J. L. Wells on
Union avenue. There was a charter
membership of fifty.
The associated cycling and driving
clubs are attempting to raise funds
for the construction of a cycle path
along Riverside drive.
A table of expenditures compiled
by the police department showed that
the taxpayers were saved $10,000 in
expenditures during the first half of
the present year over those for the
same period of last year.
Natural-Born Citizen.
PORTLAND, July 1. (To the Edi
tor.) Man and wife, born and mar
ried in Austria, have one child born
in Austria and one child born in Port
land. Husband has not as yet re
ceived his citizenship papers, but has
been here nine years. Is the child
born in Portland an American citizen?
SUBSCRIBER.
The child born in Portland is an
American citizen.