'10
THE MOPMNG OREGOXIAX, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8. JL320
ilt(mmt0 (Dncrmttnu
ESTABLISHED BY HENRY I- rlTTOCK.
Published by The Orefontan Publishing Co..
133 Sixth Street, Fortlanu, Oregon.
C. A. ilOKDEX, E. B. PIPER.
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WORKINGS OF A MASTER-MIND.
As to the question of veracity be
tween Mr. Wflson and Mr. Spencer,
each may sincerely believe that he
is telling1 the truth. The mental
process by which each arrives at
that conclusion concerns the Ameri
can people, for It should affect their
decision whether they wish to end
or to continue rule by the party of
which Mr. Wilson is the head, which
approves his acts and the presi
dential candidate of which Is in per
fect accord with him.
Mr. Wilscyi believes that the con
trol of the president over foreign
relations is in effect absolute. So
believing, he undertook to pledge the
United States by saying at the peace
conference to Premier Bratiano of
Houmania:
If tha world Is again troubled, the
Tnited States will send to this side of tha
cean their arm and their fleet.
Being addressed to the premier of
Roumanla, these words in ,he cir
cumstances existing when they were
spoken were taken to mean that the
United States would intervene to
protect that country against aggres
tion. Being general in their terms,
they were open to the construction
that this country would also go to
the aid of the Serbs, whose premier
was present, and Mr. Spencer gave
thorn that construction. That is the
way the average man would construe
them.
Mr. Spencer and Mr. Reed, his
democratic colleague, being senators,
maintain that the president has no
authority to make this or any other
pledge on behalf of the United States
without the advice and consent of
the senate. Hence not only tha
pledge but its interpretation must be
the result of agreement between
president and senate, ani until this
agreement is reached, each senator
is free to put his own Construction
on the president's words and to
agree or disagree with him.
But Mr. Wilson, holding that the
president's power is absolute, claims
authority to make a binding pledge,
hence to interpret his own words in
which the pledge is given. If he
says that those words do not convey
a pledge of military aid to Rou
mania and Serbia, then they do not,
and the senate has nothing to say
about it. If Roumania and Serbia
thought the words did convey such
a pledge, they are victims of their
inability to read the Wilson mind,
and so much the worse for them.
Do not let them dare to question
the fidelity of the United States to
its obligation. Did not Mr. Wilson
say what the United States would
do, Is he not both the best and the
sole interpreter of his own words,
and is he not absolute?
This Is the real question in dispute
between Mr. Wilson and Mr. Spencer
with Mr. Reed as lntecvenor, for the
words spoken by Mr. Wilson at Paris
have often been quoted and never
repudiated by him. He does not
now repudiate them, but only the
construction put upon them by Mr.
Spencer. That may be the under,
standing of them by the average
mind, but Mr. Wilson's mind is not
average; it is a super-intellect and
unique, hence the difficulty experi
enced by other minds in following
its winding paths, that they mas
travel along with it. Who is Mr.
Spencer that he should presume to
read, the meanings of phrases
framed by the master phrasemaker?
A mere senator.
The controversy which the bold
Missourian has provoked has direct
bearing on the questions to be de
cided at the election. Apart alto
gether from the question whether
the Wilson covenant is good or bad,
it reveals the position in which the
American people would be placed if
they should give their sanction to
the Wilson autocratic system. For
eign affairs have become of first
importance with us, and under that
pystem the president would impose
obligations on the nation, and "would
interpret them from time to time
as the exigencies of- the moment
dictate. Being thus bound and not
being welshers, the American people
would not know from year to year
what they must do or what taxes
they must pay, for that would be
contingent on what agreements the
president made with other nations
and on his interpretation of them
and of former treaties.
The American people are pre
pared to do their, full share of the
world's "work, which includes keep
ing peace and especially beating ag
gressive nations, but they want that
share to bo defined in the demo
cratic way that the constitution pro
vides, not by an autocrat acting as
did the military rulers of the middle
ages whom Mr. Wilson condemned
in his war speeches. They want the
definition to be made by men with
minds much like their own sena
tors, for instance even though they
be "pigmy minds" not by one mas
ter-mind alone, however good his
Intentions. The American people re
solved in 1776 that they would not
trust their lives and fortunes to the
pood intentions of one man, who
might turn out not to have a master
mind, and they have not rescinded
that resolution.
Whether as evidence of superior
adaptability to distressing circum
stances, or as the token of Increasing
brotherly (and sisterly) love, the
news that comes out of Philadelphia
concerning a wedding dinner at
which tha former husband of the
bride, divorced six weeks previously,
was an honored guest is Interesting.
Tet there will be many vho will re-
gard the affair as only another illus
tration of Mr. Chesterton's statement
that "collusion has become not so
much a legal evasion as a legal fic
tion, and even a legal institution."
For the very happiness of the for
merly married pair, and the assur
ance given in the account of the
wedding, that "no ill-feeling suc
ceeded the divorce," would seem to
point to co-operation that could
have been nothing short of violation
of the spirit if not of the letter of
the law. A certain amount of asper
ity toward each other ought in good
taste to be cultivated by those freed
from the bonds by law, else we shall
be justified In thinking that they
look on marriage and djvorce with
extreme levity, which is after all the
painful lesson that we obtain from
the Philadelphia ineldentln question.
THE DODGE WAT OF DOING IT.
Colonel K. M. House, who went to Eu
rope on more than one confidential mission
for President Wilson during tba war and
was a delegate to the peace conference,
sent a 1500 contribution yesterday to the
"match the president" fund for promotion
of democratic educational propaganda In
relation to the league of nations. Another
contributor yesterday was Cleveland K.
Dodge, who save 15000 to the fund 1500
for himself, a similar amount for Mrs.
Dodge and for each of his eight grand
children. New York Times.
Thus does Colonel House show'
forgiveness for the slights put on
him since his return from Paris,
and thus does Mr. Dodge give a hint
to republicans on an easy way to
observe the letter but defy the spirit
of the limit oa campaign contribu
tions. For example, if John D.
Rockefeller were so minded, he
might subscribe the limit of $1000
for himself and for each of his rela
tives to the third an8 fourth gen
eration and even to the fifth cousin.
Why not, for is not the democratic
party making political capital out
of Franklin D. Roosevelt's fifth cou-
sinshlp to Theodore Roosevelt?
According to the Dodge plan. John
D. might subscribe in the name of
each of, his brothers and sisters, his
and their children and bis and their
grandchildren and so on down to the
latest Rockefeller baby who has not
begun to cut his teeth. But what a
roar of slush fund Mr. Cox would
raise if a long list of the Rocke
feller clan should appear on the re
publican list.
Of course it makes a difference
whose big business man is concerned
whether his campaign ' contribution
Is to be praised or condemned.
Though Mr. Dodge Is among the big
gest, his money is relievea rrom
taint by being applied to democratic
use, and though a multi-millionaire,
he is not so multiple a millionaire
as old John D. Rockefeller.
OCT OF THE WAY.
Representative McArthur has
never been aecused of equivocation
or philandering with any cause or
issue. He has the rare merit of
forthrlghtness, and it has contrib
uted in no small degree to the con
fidence which his constituents have
in him and which they have shown
by increasing majorities.
But this admirable quality also
gets him Into occasional trouble
with 6ome of the voters. There are
the prohibitionists meaning those
excellent citizens who think that the
test of every man's or woman's
eligibility for public office is his
or her stand on prohibition. The
league of nations is nothing to them,
nor democratic inefficiency (proved),
nor republican corruption (un
proved), nor any of the many mat
ters which concern the ordinary citi
zen and lead him to a judgment as
to how he should vote for a presi
dent or a congressman. He may be
the most useful and experienced of
ficial to be found, but if his political
breath smells of rum, they are
against iiim. He aay be inept or
untried or impractical or visionary,
but if he bats 100 per cent on the
18th amendment and the Volstead
act, they are for him.
Mr. McArthur pledged himself in
1916 to vote in congress as he was
Instructed by his district on pro
hibition, submitted to the Oregon
electorate in that year; and he did
It. IJe has been once elected since
then, which is clearly a verdict of
confidence in him. But prohibition
became a fact, and since It is a
fact, he accepts it, and says he will,
by his vote and influence, resist any
attempt to change the "Volstead act.
Indeed he has already gone on rec
ord in congress against Its repeal.
If Mr. McArthur says he will do
a -thing, that thing he will do. So
far as prohibition is concerned, there
is now no barrier between him and
the prohibitionists. The question as
to whether the third Oregon district
will keep in congress a, representa
tive who has displayed energy and
courage, and a resultful activity in
all affairs of concern either to the
nation or to the state, will not now
be complicated by -any needless in
terjection of a demand, to know
whether'he will vote dry or wet. "
T1NDING THE MARKET.
The department of agriculture's
estimate that this year's potato crop
runs to more than four bushels for
every man, woman and child in the
United States suggests anew the im
portance of perfecting the market
ing system. Four bushels per in
dividual, or about ten sacks to the
family of five, are enough to guar
antee against potato famine, or even
unwarranted and speculative prices
later in the season, without ques
tion; yet stranger things have hap
pened than that the. large proportion
of a bountiful crop has been wasted,
and that the cost to the consumer
of a good deal of the remainder has
been enhanced by unnecessary haul
age. When Oregon exports potatoes
to California, and later imports po
tatoes from Texas, there is economic
waste not even traceable to the ma
chinations of the hated a.nd often
misunderstood middleman.
Certain of the fundamentals In
volved in solution of the high cost
of living will have been uncovered
when we succeed in avoiding mar
ket duplication and unnecessary
transportation and handling and re
handling. The middleman who jus
tifies his existence by actual service
performed is probably indispensable
to commerce, but he becomes a bur
den II he is chiefly engaged in a
game of shuttlecock and battledore
with articles of necessity. It would
be theoretically ideal, from the view.
point of producer, consumer and
middleman alike, if the products of
each community could be devoted
first to supplying the needs of that
community and the surplus shipped
to buyers who have use for them, in
quantities such as would obviate
waste-
To expect perfection would be to
count too much on a human institu
tion, 3'et a beginning must be made
if there is to be progress of any
sort. The wide open, uncontrolled
market, without? co-operation, has
been shown to incur waste and to
.footer p.esulaUon An efficiently
conducted market bureau, if it did
no more than furnish adequate and
accurate Information concerning the
details of supply and demand, ought
to be an improvement over present
condition.;. .
A MAIN TAT.E FROM THE DESERT.
The world at lar?e does not know
much about Harper. It may be
'doubted if one person in ten in Ore
gon ever heard of It, or could tell
whether it is a town or an animal
or a musical instrument or a human
being. Yet Harper is on the map,
decidedly. It Is a unit in the great
political, economic, industrial, social
and continental machine that makes
up a mighty nation. It is in the
United States. It is In Oregon. It
is in Malheur county, a village in
the vast plain of hill and desert
that geographically compasses many
thousand square miles of the state..
It has a store or two, and, doubtless,
a church and a school . house and
a number of dwellings. Remote as
it is, it is yet an American com
munity, and as such it has its rights
and knows them, and dares to main
tain them.
The Oregonlan has today a letter
from Harper, written by the keeper
of the town store. He tells the story
of a can of corned beef and it is a
plain tale which points a moral.
. Why should the citizens of a
frontier village, where livestock is
the chief industry, be required to eat
Argentine beef? How did that par
ticular can of the Argentine product
one of many like it find its way
to Harper over thousands of miles
by water from South America and
then other thousands by rail and
by truck? What part has the im
portation of Argentine beef into
America in the poor condition of the
domestic livestock business?
Harper wants a protective tariff
for beef and wool and 'hides.- Other
communities in eastern Oregon and
elsewhere are beginning to think in
terms of a tariff their thinking be
ing made more acute by their eat
ing of Imported beefs and their
wearing of imported woolens.
THE NEXT STEP.
Nothing could be plainer or truer
than the statement of Mr. Harding
that the league of nations has been
already scrapped by President Wil
son. The people, through the "great
and solemn referendum" in Novem
ber, will rescrap it. -
Let us not refer to the scrapping
process ia Jest or mockery. It is
too serious a subject. It is with
many earnest friends of a league
and sponsors of world peace an
occasion of deepest regret. But the
miserable mess made of the whole
business beginning with the un
happy and disastrous obstinacy of
the president, continuing in the blun-,
derlng political strategy of an appeal
to the electorate, and ending with
a decision by the voters calls for
candid statement.
The referendum was a colossal
mistake. But it was invoked by the
democrats. They must abide by its
results. - They will have no alterna
tive, though it will be a fact that
the election will not hinge on the
league of nations at all. But tffey
think, or pretend to think, that it
will. They cannot shift base after
election.
The league being dead, and with
it the hopes of many who looked
forward to the satisfactory consum
mation of a revised covenant, the
next step is an association of na
tions as -proposed by Mr. Harding
upon the authority of the republican
platform. We accept at full value
the assurance of Mr. Harding that
his first action will be to call Into
counsel eminent citizens entitled to
speak, and the senate (both re
publicans and democrats), and de
vise a plan for the new organiza
tion. It Is the only way to world
peace through an association of na
tions that will include America.
The league is dead, so far as
America is concerned. The folly
of its-'frlends killed it..
REPUBLICAN' IAWS FOB LABOR.
Radical labor leaders who favor
either socialism or domination of
labor in government never rest from
saying that the republican party is
the party of the rich and never did
anything for the working man. The
following extract from a letter by a
working man to an evening paper Is
typical of this trend of opinion:
For my part, I have been a close ob
server of what the republican administra
tions amount to for the past SO years, la
all my observations 1 have yet to notice
anything whatever being dona for the
laboring class, or poor class. They do
plenty for capital and the priveleged class.
The working class has never yet been
represented in Washington, and it seems
from present indications that they will be
less represented than ever if Harding is
elected.
The truth of that statement can
be Judged only by the record of the
republican party for national labor
legislation. This record shows:
Eight-hour day for employes of
government printing office, estab
lished March 30, 1888, under Presi
dent Harrison.
Eight-hour day with maximum of
48 hours a week at same pay as
for ten hours established for letter
carriers May 24, 1SS8, during same
administration.
Eight-hour day extended to all
laborers, workmen and mechanics
employed by the government, August
1, 1892, under President Harrison.
Eight-hour day required on all
government irrigation projects in
1901 under President Roosevelt.
Eight-hour day extended to all
men employed under government
contracts and to all clerks In first
and second class postoffices in 1911
under President Taft,
Chinese exclusion enacted for ten
years in 1882 .under President Ar
thur, continued in 1892 under Presi
dent Harrison, extended again In
1903 under President Roosevelt and
placed under control of labor de
partment in 1912 under President
Taft.
Shanghaiing of sailors and peonage
forbidden under severe penalties ia
1906 under President? Roosevelt.
Immigration of alien laborers un
der contract or even Inducement of
it by advertising or soliciting for
bidden in 1907 under .President
Roosevelt..
Law forbidding employment in
continuous work by railroad men for
more than sixteen hours in twenty
four passed ia 197 under President
Roosevelt.
Common carriers made liable for
damages for injuries to employes
caused by negligence of officers,
agents, other employes or by defec
tive equipment in 1907 under Presi
dent Roosevelt. This law started the
movement which has led to enact
ment of workmen's compensation
laws in many states.
Railroads were required to install
automatic couplers, continuous
brakes and other labor-saving and
protective devices in1901 under re
publican Administration and in 1905
under President Roosevejt the inter
state commerce commission was re
quired to investigate and report on
these devices. In the latter year It
was required that locomotives be
so equipped that employes need not
ge't under the .engine to clean ash
pajis. In 1910 under-President Taft
it was required that all . cars be
equipped with secure steps, ladders,
brakes, etc., and the interstate com
merce commission was given power
to enforce the act, to require month
ly reports of accidents and to in
vestigate them. In 1911 boiler in
spection of locomotives and proper
make-up of mixed steel and wooden
cars were required, also under Presi
dent Taft.
The national child labor commit
tee was incorporated in 1907 under
President Roosevelt.
The children's bureau in the dct
partment of labor was established
in 1911 under President 1aft to in
vestigate the welfare of children.
Labor unions were exempted from
the corporation excise tax enacted in
1909 under President Taft.
Manufacture of white sulphur
matches, which are injurious to
health of employes, was forbidden in
1911 under President Taft.
The bureau of mines was estab
lished in 1910 under President Taft
and by its investigation and organi
zation of rescue parties has done
much to reduce loss of life by mine
explosions.
All of this legislation in the Inter
est of labor was enacted under
republican administrations. The re
publican party has also done much
to promote just settlement of labor
disputes without strikes and to pro
mote settlement of strikes by arbi
tration, notably in 1902, when Presi
dent Roosevelt" compelled the an
thracite coal companies to accept
arbitration by threatening to seize
the mines.
Throughout the 80 years during
which the writer of the letter quoted
says he has been a close observer
except since 1912 the republican
party has been enacting and enforc
ing laws to compel the rich to reduce
working hours, to protect life and
limb, to compensate working men
for injury and to exclude oriental
and contract labor. It has also
exerted the influence of the govern
ment to cause employers to arbitrate
or mediate labor disputes until it
has become the custom for employ
ers rather than employes to propose
these means to prevervt or end
strikes.
Notwithstanding disappointment
over small attendance at the Ameri
canization courses offered by the
free city night schools Just opened,
there is reason for optimism in the
enrollment as a whole. A gain of
some 40 per dent over the opening
day a year ago shows that the leaven
is working, and it is certain that
students of this class are actuated
by definite desire for self-improvement
such as is not always, un
fortunately, the- motive of matricula
tion elsewhere. The .student who
has arrived at the point pt studying
while he Is working will be made
conscious at least of the value of
time, as he Is perhaps well aware
that he already has wasted a good
deal of that precious commodity, and
the will to atone for the past is
half the battle. It- would be illu
minating, too, to knw how many
others there are who -would attend
such schools if they knew of
the advantages presented. The ut
most efforts for publicity do not
quite reach all potential students.
The citizen who knows anyone who
would profit by a night school course
will do a public service by calling
the subject to his attention.
There is a bunch of good fellows
In eastern Multnomah, grown .gray
with the years some of them,, who
have made the county fair their
regular endeavor. They do not profit
by it personally. Farmers most of
them, with a, banker and a business
man or two. for leaven, they . have
done very well. Bad weather has
not frightened them. With the out
side door of the city proper at their
gates, they invite Portland people
to go and see. The way is short
and the going is good and tomorrow
especially should see a large attend
ance of cityfolk. As to the weather
well, Noah - was an ancestor of
most of us and we should keep up
the family record.
The Aroostook country of Maine
Is famous for its potatoes. The
Deschutes region of Oregon Is get
ting that way. The Deschutes never
will be an Aroostook, but there is
likelihood Aroostook country will
be the Deschutes of Maine as these
Oregon potato experts progress. All
the Redmond growers need do . is
sell only -the best, despite the lure
of a good price.
Wilson and Spencer are mighty
polite to each other. One time there
was a man in tha White House who
did not hesitate to use the "ugly
word of four letters, but he was
sure of his ground, and that makes a
difference.
Ohio requires women voters to
give their ages in years and months.
a needless rule, as ahybody can
pretty near tell the age of a woman
nowadays. The main thing is to get
ber young enough, yet old enough to
vote.
Property owners have blocked the
plan of new sidewalks along the
Llnnton road whereby children could
go to school in safety; but Com
missioner Barbur is resourceful end
can do much under head of repairs.
Every man some time hopes to
borrow money from his bank when
needed. There ts nothing of senti
ment in the handling of money and
under the proposed interest-rate law
he will not get it. That's flat-
The refiners want the pound of
flesh with the pound of sugar from
the wholesalers in the falling mar
ket, and the buck cannot be passed
to the retailer and consumer, for a
wonder. r
An electrical exposition or na.
tional scope in five years can be
one of the things put over by Port
land, a city, by the way, that can
make anything "go."
The death of a valuable setter by
poison recalls that melted lard and
plenty of it is an excellent first aid
and generally at hand. . .
While Secretary Baker is making
those talks for Cox, ha might x
plain how he came to turn "Hard-
boiled" Smith loose.
The laundrymen of the land are
here today and Portland is ironed
and otherwise tidied up for them.
Those 40 barrels explain why the
convention ran into the next week.
BV-PRODICTS OF - THE TIMES
Only Moderately Wealthy Men Carry
Heavy Insurance Policies.
Enormously jvealthy men do not
carry the big Insurance. Henry Clay
Frlck had only 1400,000 of life In
surance. That led the writer to in
quire as to the policies paid in excess
of that sum during tha last five
years. From the Insurance Press was
obtained the information.
The list follows:
Thomas L Shevlln. Minneapolis,,
11,62s. 000; Frederick K. Hazard, Sy-
racuse, 4j.6iio; uonrman J. einciajr.
J837.475; Edward ne V. Morrell, Phil
adelphia, $510,000; Louis, Parker,
Greenville. 8. C. 1770.000; William
A. Reed, New York, 8817,000;, Robert
A Rowan, Los Angeles, 575,000r Sid
ney W. Winslow, Orleans, Mass..
$69,730; John A. Holmes, St. Louia,
$567,875; Chester A. Congdon, Duluth,
$569,845; William Le Boach, Musca
tine, O.T $497,000; Rowland C. Hazard.
Peacedale. R. I.. $494,000; Edward B.
Smith. Philadelphia, $460,000; Andrew
Graham. Chicago, $434,539; Burgln
Home, Pittsburg, $433,690, and Sam.
uel H. Bowman, Minneapolis, $410,612.
'Our experience is that most multi
millionaires start off strong in carry
ing insurance when they are moder
ately wealthy," said a leading insur
ance man. "When they acquire .great
wealth they slow down. At the pres
ent time H. H. Rogers Jr.,- son of the
late Standard Oil magnate, Is proba
bly carrying more Insurance than any
one in the world. His policies total
$2,300,000. Probably the next heaviest
buyer of life insurance is Rodman
Wanamaker. who has around $2,000,t
00 worth Mrs. James J. Brown of
Newport, R. I., Is the mostabeavlly
Insured woman in the United States.
As a rule, women are backward in
taking out large insurance, despite
the fact that they are the chief bene
ficiaries of man's prodigal foresight."
The name "Marshall" is one that
has run the full course from the
most humble to the most dignified of
meanings. It is an Anglo-Saxon word.
the original form of which was, under
Norman-French Influence, "marescal"
or "mareshaL" It was a compound
ord, made up of "mare" and
"chalk," the latter meaning "serv
ant."
The "marescal" was originally, then,
"servant of the horse," that is to
say, be was a horse groom or a
blacksmith.
But as the Norman-French over
lords' households were of military or
ganization, the title came gradually to
denote the more important meaning
of "master of the horse." and to be
associated with more dignified duties
of a military nature, la the course
of time the "marescal's" duties be
came those of "marshaling" the
guests at banquets and Important
functions. How important this was
can be seen, only in the realization
that in--the Norman social organisa
tion this was a most punctilious mat
ter, and from the fact that the title
has developed into the highest mili
tary honor that the French govern
ment and that of Great Britain also
can confer upon its generals.
The family name of Marshall is an
outgrowth of the title in many in
stances, but -it cannot be doubted that
in many . others it was merely the
outgrowth of the original -occupation
of horseshoeing-- which meaning still
attached to the word after It had be
come important as a title.
Ferrer and Ferrier are names which
have developed from another old word
for horseshoer, that of "ferrur" or
ferrour."
A certain Signor Augusto Giuseppe
Capranl, mayor of the commune of
Sala Comaclna, being an admirer, of
King Albert of Belgium, left him his
island, the beautiful Isola Comaclna,
no less, so widely known to all lovers
of Lake Como. And King Albert, like
the fine, gallant prince that he is, has
returned the property to the Italian
government with the stipulation that
the island be used as a residence for
artists.
His action might be an example
for American richlseimes. An Ameri
can millionaire might actually see
that by doing so mad, daring, unheard-of
and revolutionary thing as
devoting a cum to the service of art
he might actually win more praise
for himself than if he devoted it to
the service of indoor plumbing or
the cure of warts.
In fact,' sa intense is the competi
tion to help along science that the
Average millionaire has a hard time
giving away his surplus. Institutes
for the investigation and cure of
everything from amnesia to zymotic
disease lift their rival marble fa
cades round every park in every city
in the United States. Splendid, surely.
Did you say that some attention
ought to be given the cultivation of
the Immortal spirit? Out of court!
Living Age
Recent completion of apparatus for
making liquid hydrogen by the United
States bureau of standards and the
current report that an Italian scientist
promises the use of this material as a
motor fuel have revived hopes of au
tomata that a substitute for gasoline
is at hand, according to an article In
Popular Mechanics magazine.
While such a development actually
may come in tha future, the designers
of the American apparatus question
ths announced possibility of getting
260 miles to the gallon of the new
fuel. The method of manufacture Is to
introduce gaseous hydrogen into a
tank at about 2600 pounds pressure,
where it is cooled .first by liquid air
and then by Its own expansion. The
portion not lrquefied is used for fur
ther cooling and then returned to the
gas holder.
-
Judge Gray, dowiin Mississippi,
was about to adjotffn court, when an
old colored man of his acquaintance
moseyed in, bis countenance show
ing worrirnent.
"Jedge." ho mumbled, "mah con
science done trouble me. Is yo' got
a charge against me?"
"Why, no uncle. I haven't any
charge."
"Jedgc. mah conscience suUInly
am disturbin'. To' ain't missed a
couple of yo' chickens has yo'?"
"No, uncle, I haven't, but even if
there were a couple gone I wouldn't
know it. I never count them.'"
Dont' nebber count 'em? Mah-h-h
goodness! Mah conscience am ap
peased. Good day, suh, good day."
American Legion Weekly.
A waggish correspondent of the
Boston Transcript who says he lias
not noticed cottage pudding on the
bill of fare for some months, inquiries
if its absence is due to the shortage
of. houses. . . '
Those Who Come and Go.
There are neither navigable rivers
nor harbors in Harney county's -10.-000
square miles; nevertheless, J. J.
Donegan and others from Burns came
to Portland to attend the conference.
"We've grot the stub end of five rail
roads," explained Mr. Donegan. "and
we want them hooked up to rivers,
for without harbors, what's the
good of rivers, and without rivers,
what's the good of our railroad ends?"
All of which sounds logical. Discuss
ing general conditions in Harney, Mr.
Donegan says that last year, when
prices were up, there was a drouth,
and now, when there is rain and all
kinds of hay and sleek stock and
grain, the price of wheat is declining
and the bottom ts falling out of the
cattle market. "It costs from $12 to
$18 for a pair of shoes," protested
Mr. Donegan, "and yet there is no one
coming into our country to buy our
cured hides. There hasn't been a hid
buyer in Harney for six months." So,
In the hope of bettering conditions.
Harney county will vote republican
and pray for a protective tariff on
wool and hides.
For 40 years the winter visitors
at Key West, Fla.. have Called hi in
"Uncle Zack." fore furnishes guides,
boats and tackle for deep-sea fishing
off the coast. Zachariah B. Peters is
his full name, and he was at the
Multnomah yesterday while passing
throuprh to California. Before the
United States won freedom for Cuba
Mr. Peters was an active spirit in
many of the revolutions in the island
and did his best to aid the natives
In overthrowing the Spanish rulers.
He was filibustering and gun-running
in 1SS6, when he was captured near
Siboney and was sentenced to be shot
aerainst a wall by General "Bloody"
Weyler. While being transported
across the country to be executed at
Santiago de Cuba he was rescued. One
of the first outfits of American troops
landed on Cuban soil in 1898 made the
passage in the steamer City of Jack
Bonville. and "Uncle Zack" was one
of the pilots on the steamer. After
his adventurous career "Uncle Zack
now finds things rather tame along
the Florida coast.
Chanberries are under water In the
bog-s of North Beach, Wash., back of
Seavlew, according to Theodore Thlel,
who has returned to Portland, dis
gusted at the weather. Mr. Thiel has
cranberry farm, or bog. whatever
you wish to calli it, and he haca be?n
trying to gather his crop, but nad to
suspend operations after plucking ene
acre. The rains inundated the coun
try and as the cranberry iarshes are
low land, they readily flooded. The
berries must be picked by a, person
kneeling in the ground, and with the
.sloppy weather, it was a disagree
able job and later an Impossible one.
The crop is generally picked tha lat
ter part of August, but the rains hav
caused a delay of six weeks. Unless
the water leaves and the berries are
soon picked, frosts are likely to come
along some night and ruin the crop.
as was the case a year ago.
In Canada evaporated cherries are
considered a sweetmeat and people
munch them as they do raisins. Robert
C. Paulus of Salem discovered the
Canadian market and, as Salem is a
center for tons of cherries, Mr.
Paulus aimply brought together the
supply said the demand. People In
Oregon know scarcely anything about
evaporated cherries, although. It is
quite an industry at Salem. Mr.
Paulus was the manager of the Salem
fruit union until that concern was
absorbed. With Mrs. Paulus he was
In Portland yesterday, registered at
the feewara. Ms, Paulus is now man
ager or the Oregon Growers Co-Op
eratlve association, which has 16
plants in addition to the one at Salem.
Ho has just returned from Clarke
county. Washington, where he has
been closing a deal with farmers for
prunes. -
Sam Ballantyne of Boise. Idaho, as
looks go would not be suspected of
being a former football star, bu:
such is the case. In 1893 he was at
the Portland university, where the
Columbia university now stands, and
was on the winning eleven that year.
In 1S96 he attended Stanford and was
one of the players on the team there.
He participated in the last "rush
countenanced at the university, along
wun sucn otner uregonlajiis as
Charles L. McNary, now United States
senator: Chester Murphy and Phil
Metschan. Mr. Ballantyne, who is reg
istered at the Imperial, Is engaged in
tne sneep business in Idaho.
Before going to Alaska, Cal Hutton
was a baggage porter at the. Hotel
Portland. Yesterday he ambled into
the lobby to see if he could note any
changes. Mr. Hutton is now a railroad
conductor on the railroad which the
government buirt in Alaska and be
cause he doesn't like the Alaskan
winters he has returned to the Rose
City. In May. 1921, Conductor Hutton
will resume his run. He says they
have struck oil about 15 miles from
the railroad and the discovery has
caused considerable excitement.
It Is 14 years since E. D. Homer
has visited Portland. Mr. Homer lives
at Halfway, not far from Robinette,
where there was a disastrous hotel
fire a few days ago in which five lives
were lost. Mr. Homer, accompanied
by his family, drove by automobile
to Portland and when he registered at
the Perkins he Informed the world
that the roads are terrible.
"Big Mat," as he is knowji through
out eastern Oregon, is at the Benson,
registered from The Dalles. M. R.
Matthews is a merchandise broker
who "makes" the territory east of the
Cascades in an automobile and it is
said that he sells twice as much
goods as any other man in the state-
i
To kill a few golf; J. C. Scott of
Walla" Walla, Wash., is in the city
and. is registered at the Hotel Port
land. Mr. Scott is very much of an
enthusiast and golfs at every oppor
tunity at Gearha,rt or on the links
near Portland.
Owner of a flock of apartment
houses in Portland, all rented, A. S.
Ellis is registered at the Multnomah
waiting for the weather conditions to
improve ao he can gasoline it to Los
Angeles for the winter.
Among the walnut growers in Port
land yesterday waa J. C Cooper of
McMinnville. The executive commit
tee of the growers' association were
in town holding a caucus. Mr. Cooper
is at the Imperial.
H. L Stanfield. of Stanfield. is one
of the Stanfield brothers in the sheep
business. H. L. is in charge of the
business in Umatilla county. With his
wife, he is registered at the Imperial.
C. S. Tourtelott. formerly steward
at the Crater Lake lodge. isregi
tered from the lodge at the Imperial.
The season at Abe lake' Is over be
cause the snow has arlved.
Bringing a couple of prisoners from
Pendleton. Al Roberts is at the Perk
ins, his wards safely locked up. Mr.
Roberts is the chief of police in the
round-up town.
K. II. Kitts. of Marshfield. is
registered at tha Hotel Portland. Ha
is interested In a merchandise etore
on Coos bay, but takes to the road
about once a year.
l. Myers, one of the best-known
bankers in La Grande, is at the Hotel
Portland. ,
O. G. Hale, who is in the sheep
business nea, Condon, ia' registered
at the Perkins.
CAN
'OF
BEEF
HeW Democratic Tariff Artec's One
Oregon Industry.
HARPER, Or., Oct. 4. (To the
Editor.) The writer is a merchant.
doing business at Harper, Or. Harprr
Is a town located in the ccrite;- of
the headquarters ranch of Miller &
Lux. the largest cattle outfit on the
coast, if not in the United States.
Last week I ordered from Swift &
Co., Boise, among other goods, a casj
of one-pound cans of corned beef.
Today they came, and this was what
we read:
COMPANIE
SWIFT DE LA PLATA
ARGENTINE
Argentine beef in the heart of the
biggest cow camp in Oregon! And
I was going to vote for Chamberlain.
But no more. I have never met air.
Stanfield,' and I have Mr. Chamber
lain.- I like him for his pleasant
personality and his hundred-per-cent
American stand for our boys. He is
welcome to my cakes and ale, but
not my bread and butter.
Here are all my customers. loaded
up with cattle they cannot sell. We
put a million pounds of as good wool
as was ever grown In Oregon through
our warehouses last snrini- iti
cannot get a dollar on it. and our
paternal administration is offering
cape and Australian wool for sale
every day. Our warehouse is full of
pelts and hides which the dealers
will not even allow us to ship to
them, because the pelts and hides are
not worth the freight. Every ship
is bringing in more Argentine stuff
to make conditions worse for us.
We talk of the league of nations
and wet and dry. We a:e chasing
the shadow and ignoring the real
issue, which is, for us. Shall we have
five-cent wool and two-cent beef
again, as we had in the good old
Cleveland days?
Five thousand such republicans as
I was could stay at home on Novem
ber 2 and not hurt the chance of
Harding and Sinnott in the statu or
district. But in the senate we have
a majority of two. and one of those,
(God save the mark!) Is LaFollette.
That is where an Oregon republican
is going to have the only chance to
make his vote count In this election.
That can of beef showed me wherein
my duty lay. J. r. F AIRMAN.
SIR- JIcARTHVIt WILL VOTE DRY
Promises to ResUt Any Effort to
Weaken Volstead Act.
PORTLAND. Or.. Oct. 7. (To the
Editor.) Inasmuch as a lot of gratui
tous information relative to my
record and stand on the question of
national prohibition is being put for
ward by supporters of the democratic-prohibition
canflldate for rep
resentative in congress from the third
Oregon district. I wish to avail my
self of this opportunity to set forth
the facts in order that the people
of the district may know the actual
situation.
During the campaign of 1916 I
pledged myself to regard the vote of
the people of this district on the state
constitutional prohibition amersdment
as an instruction to me on ihe ques
tion of national prohibition. This
pledge was made in good faith and
at a time when both the prohibition
ists and anti-prohibitionists were
claiming the district. The voters,
however, defeated the state constitu
tional prohibition amendment by the
overwhelming majority of 979D votes
and, in keeping with my pledge, I
voted against the national prohibi
tion amendment when it was acted
upon by congress. Had the people
of this district voted otherwise, I
would have voted otherwise in con
gress. I also opposed., several other
prohibition measures for reasons
which . were fully set forth in the
public prints when the votes were
taken and which need no further
comment from me at this time.
The national prohibition amend
ment is now a part of the constitu
tion of the United States and the
Volstead act is a part of the law
of the land and as such should be
rigidly enforced. I have already
voted against the repeal of the Vol
stead act (see Congressional Record,
March 4. 1921), page 4154) and I shall
continue to oppose any and all at
tempts to weaken or emasculate
either the law or the constitutional
amendment until the people of the
third Oregon district, speaking
through the medium of the ballot,
shall direct me otherwise.
The Initiative provision of the con-
stitution of Oregon affords the peo
ple of this state an ample field for
the expression of their views on any
subject, but until the electorate of
the third Oregon district directs me
otherwise, I shall continue to sup
port the Integrity of existing pro
hibition laws and likewise the neces
sary appropriations for their enforce
ment. C. "N. McARTH t'K.
ODD SIGNIFICANCE OF NUSIERALS
Japanese Prise Some Numbers and
Avoid Others.
TORTLAND. Oct. 7. (To the Ed
itor.) Permit me to add a few words
to an article on Japanese numerals
published in The Oregonlan's "By
products" Friday. Eight is indeed a
highly prized number in that country:
Singly it signifies the "lucky strike
in eight different directions"; doubly
It forms the character of "rice." the
most, important f all the products
in Japan. We acclaim those who
have attained the age of 88 as the
"men of rice age." and congratulate
thm at great feasts.
The numerals 753 this was given
erroneously in your article as 857
Is also very popular. I shall not fill
space with the story of its origin,
but this is the number of ropes used
In weaving those enormous straw
festoons whloh adorn all holy places
and bouse fronts on New Year's day.
Intitead of calling it shechi-go-san.
as ifshould be read literally, we call
it "shine," and use it as a mark of
consecration.
Seven is truly an unpopular num
ber wHn singly used. It corresponds
with "pawn shop" in pronunciation,
and therefore is shunned by all busi
ness houses, but it is not quite so
hopeless as four.
Four, as explained in your article,
is pronounced "shi," death, in Chinese,
and in Japanese "yo," night. When
it combines with another it becomes
shl-jui-shi "always death" certain
ly a dismal word. With seven it be
comes shi-jiu-shichi "always pawn
ing." When otie reaches the age of
43 pronounced "shi-ni." death he
holds a sort of ceremony in hopes to
dispel the black-bannered gray arch
enemy of all living creatures which
is said to be in ambush for him.
Forty-nine is also a pest, for it
signifies "continuous suffering." May
I call your attention to the fact that
they designate the good-for-nothing
as roku-de-nashi not six? Roku -six
In Japan means Worth, and
therefore the wortfrless is called "not
six." Other' peculiar uses of nu
merals era "O-san" honorable three,
for maid; "san-suke three help
for the attendant at public bath
house; "hachi-hachi" eight-eight
for playing card; "ku ku" nine nine
mathematical table, and the most
Important of all, "san-san-ku-do
three, three and nine times the cer
emony of chalice at wedding.
KEN KAKAZ.VWA.
STORY OF
More Truth Than Poetry.
By James J. Montague.
ttnisc; A BOLSHEVIK.
Getruffsky lacked both pelt and
fame.
His intellect was weak;
and consequently he became
..A howling boshevik
Who launched a curse on all who had
More industry than he did.
And vowed all governments were bad
Where honest men succeeded.
His fancied wrongs he sought to riQt
With pistol and with dirk.
With bhrapnel and with dynamite v
And everything but work
lie robbed and pillaged all around.
He burgled everywhere.
Until he cracked a crib and fuund
A million roubles there.
A million roubles all in gold.
Which tidy little sum
Served, on the instant to remould
This bolshevikian bum.
Xo moro he deals in dynamite.
The burden of his song
Is that the governments are risbt,
And bolsheviks are wrong.
For once you give a bolshevik
A goodly store of pelf.
Thereafter ho will only reek
To keep it for himself.
Infallibly it works a cure
For all the ills that ail 'em,
But there's a way that's still more EUr
And simpler just to jail 'cm.
a a
Iteady for a Boom.
The Talm Heach hotels will be
crowded this winter. It will be cheapef
to stay in 'tin than to buy coal in
the north.
No Hope.
Even the repeal of the ISth amend
ment wouldn't do the brewers any
good. Everybody knows how to make
his own, now.
v Perfectly Safe.
There is no danger that tlis hand
that rocks the crade will rock tha
boat.
(Copyright. 1920. By Bell Syndicate. Ine.1
John Burroughs Nature
Notes.
Can You Answer These QorXlonif
1. Is the Simon pure crow found io
the south?
2. Does the skunk ever hurry?
3. How does the maple reward one
in the fall?
Answers In TomorroTra Nature Notes,
Answers to previous questions:
1. Why are robins so abundant?
Robins- are so abundant because
they are so adaptive, both as regards
their food and their nestinR-habita.
They eat both fruit and insets, and
will nest anywhere in trees, sheds,
walls and on .the ground.
2. Are dry. hard fields helpful to
a fox in eluding a hound?
In cold, dry weather the fox will
sometimes elude the hound, at least
delay him much, by taking to a bare,
plowed field. The hard, dry earth
seems not to retain a particle of the
scent, and the hound gives a loud,
long, peculiar bark, to signify he has
trouble.
3. Should apples be pared?
The genuine apple-eater dispenses
with a knife. He prefers that his
teeth shall have the first taste. Then
he knows that the best flavor is im
mediately beneath the 6kin. and that
in a pared apple this is lost. If you
will stew the apple, he says, instead
of baking it. by all means leave the
skin on. It improves the color and
vastly heightens the flavor of tha
dish.
(Rights reserved by Houghton illfflln Co.)
In Other Days.
Twestf-Five Years Ago. -
From The Oregonlan of October.S. IP'.'S.
waiter ai. marsnaii aiea at his
home, 229 Couch street, last nlsht.
presumably from a blow given him
Sunday by George Chevreuil, a maker
of artificial plants.
The funeral of Ben C. Irwin, presi
dent of the Irwin-Hodson company,
will be held this afternoon under
auspices of Ivanhoe lodge, Knights of
Pythias.
Tonight will be one of exciting ath
letic events at the Oregon industrial
exposition.
The Mazamas held their second an
nual meeting at the Unitarian church
last night and elected C 11. Wholes as
president.
Fifty Years Ago.
From The Oregonlan of October 8. JS70.
London. Five hundred houses were
destroyed in Strasbourg by the bom
bardment and 10,000 persons were
made homeless.
The deed transferring the Oregon
Central railroad to the Willamette
Valley railroad, with maps of tha
first 20 miles of the latter, has been
forwarded to Washington for ap
proval. Professor Lowell R. Rogers oi Netv
York, recently elected to the chair of
natural science in Willanielte univer
sity, is now on his way to his new
post.
A woman in man's clothing created
quite a sensation in tha city yes
terday. WINTER STAGE OF IXSECT LIFE
Farther Contribution to Fund of In-
formation on Subject.
PORTLAND. Oct 7. (To the.Edi
itor.) In John Burroughs' "Naturn
Notes" the query, 'How docs insect
life spend the winter?" is answered.
In order adequately to answer this
question it would take several col
umns of your paper, but briefly put,
insects pass the winter in various
stages, some in the egg. some In the
larval stage, many in the pupal fctag
and quite a good percentage in tha
adult stage. The well-known cod
ling moth of the apple l asses the win
ter as a full-grown larva in its co
coon in a chink in the bark of the
apple tree. Tho common white cab
bage butterfly passes tho winter a
a chrysalis, hanging on a convenient
wall. There are some btitterflter
which pass tho winter as adults, ap
pearing during mild days in winter
on the wing, but as a general rule
this group passes the winter in one
or other of the stages of their exist
ence.
Many of the wood-boring beetles
and other insects pass the winter as
larvae, feeding on the wood of the
trees in which they live, but soma
pass the winter as adults and after
laying their eggs in the spring die.
Many spiders, which are not true in
sects, live through the winter as
adults, while some pass this season
in the egg stage. These are the only
stages spiders pass through.
This letter Is not to be construed
as a criticism of Mr. Burroughs' state
ment, but as a further contribution
to the answer. J. R- MALLOCH.
I ndlvliled Interest Owned.
CARLISLE. Wash.. Oct. 7. (To th
Editor.1 A and B inherit a parcel of
undivided land. B wants to keep
his interest in the land. . A wants to
buv B's interest. Can A force B to
ecl'l? R. L. O.
lie cannot, legally. .