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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 8, 1920)
'10 THE MOPMNG OREGOXIAX, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 8. JL320 ilt(mmt0 (Dncrmttnu ESTABLISHED BY HENRY I- rlTTOCK. Published by The Orefontan Publishing Co.. 133 Sixth Street, Fortlanu, Oregon. C. A. ilOKDEX, E. B. PIPER. Manager. Editor. The Oregonisn is a member of the Asso ciated Prns. The Associated Press is ex clubively entitled to the use for publication et all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights . of republication of special dispatches here in are also reserved. Subscription Ratea Invariably In Advance (Br Mall.) DaHr. Sunday Included, on year ...... $8 "0 Iaily. Sunday Included, six months . Iaily, Sunday Included, three months JDaily, Sunday Included, one month . . L'ally, without Sunday, one year Daily, without .Sunday, six months .. l-.iiy, without Sunday, one month .. "Weekly, one year .................. Sunday, one year (By Carrier.) Daily, Sunday Included, one year ... 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As to the question of veracity be tween Mr. Wflson and Mr. Spencer, each may sincerely believe that he is telling1 the truth. The mental process by which each arrives at that conclusion concerns the Ameri can people, for It should affect their decision whether they wish to end or to continue rule by the party of which Mr. Wilson is the head, which approves his acts and the presi dential candidate of which Is in per fect accord with him. Mr. Wilscyi believes that the con trol of the president over foreign relations is in effect absolute. So believing, he undertook to pledge the United States by saying at the peace conference to Premier Bratiano of Houmania: If tha world Is again troubled, the Tnited States will send to this side of tha cean their arm and their fleet. Being addressed to the premier of Roumanla, these words in ,he cir cumstances existing when they were spoken were taken to mean that the United States would intervene to protect that country against aggres tion. Being general in their terms, they were open to the construction that this country would also go to the aid of the Serbs, whose premier was present, and Mr. Spencer gave thorn that construction. That is the way the average man would construe them. Mr. Spencer and Mr. Reed, his democratic colleague, being senators, maintain that the president has no authority to make this or any other pledge on behalf of the United States without the advice and consent of the senate. Hence not only tha pledge but its interpretation must be the result of agreement between president and senate, ani until this agreement is reached, each senator is free to put his own Construction on the president's words and to agree or disagree with him. But Mr. Wilson, holding that the president's power is absolute, claims authority to make a binding pledge, hence to interpret his own words in which the pledge is given. If he says that those words do not convey a pledge of military aid to Rou mania and Serbia, then they do not, and the senate has nothing to say about it. If Roumania and Serbia thought the words did convey such a pledge, they are victims of their inability to read the Wilson mind, and so much the worse for them. Do not let them dare to question the fidelity of the United States to its obligation. Did not Mr. Wilson say what the United States would do, Is he not both the best and the sole interpreter of his own words, and is he not absolute? This Is the real question in dispute between Mr. Wilson and Mr. Spencer with Mr. Reed as lntecvenor, for the words spoken by Mr. Wilson at Paris have often been quoted and never repudiated by him. He does not now repudiate them, but only the construction put upon them by Mr. Spencer. That may be the under, standing of them by the average mind, but Mr. Wilson's mind is not average; it is a super-intellect and unique, hence the difficulty experi enced by other minds in following its winding paths, that they mas travel along with it. Who is Mr. Spencer that he should presume to read, the meanings of phrases framed by the master phrasemaker? A mere senator. The controversy which the bold Missourian has provoked has direct bearing on the questions to be de cided at the election. Apart alto gether from the question whether the Wilson covenant is good or bad, it reveals the position in which the American people would be placed if they should give their sanction to the Wilson autocratic system. For eign affairs have become of first importance with us, and under that pystem the president would impose obligations on the nation, and "would interpret them from time to time as the exigencies of- the moment dictate. Being thus bound and not being welshers, the American people would not know from year to year what they must do or what taxes they must pay, for that would be contingent on what agreements the president made with other nations and on his interpretation of them and of former treaties. The American people are pre pared to do their, full share of the world's "work, which includes keep ing peace and especially beating ag gressive nations, but they want that share to bo defined in the demo cratic way that the constitution pro vides, not by an autocrat acting as did the military rulers of the middle ages whom Mr. Wilson condemned in his war speeches. They want the definition to be made by men with minds much like their own sena tors, for instance even though they be "pigmy minds" not by one mas ter-mind alone, however good his Intentions. The American people re solved in 1776 that they would not trust their lives and fortunes to the pood intentions of one man, who might turn out not to have a master mind, and they have not rescinded that resolution. Whether as evidence of superior adaptability to distressing circum stances, or as the token of Increasing brotherly (and sisterly) love, the news that comes out of Philadelphia concerning a wedding dinner at which tha former husband of the bride, divorced six weeks previously, was an honored guest is Interesting. Tet there will be many vho will re- gard the affair as only another illus tration of Mr. Chesterton's statement that "collusion has become not so much a legal evasion as a legal fic tion, and even a legal institution." For the very happiness of the for merly married pair, and the assur ance given in the account of the wedding, that "no ill-feeling suc ceeded the divorce," would seem to point to co-operation that could have been nothing short of violation of the spirit if not of the letter of the law. A certain amount of asper ity toward each other ought in good taste to be cultivated by those freed from the bonds by law, else we shall be justified In thinking that they look on marriage and djvorce with extreme levity, which is after all the painful lesson that we obtain from the Philadelphia ineldentln question. THE DODGE WAT OF DOING IT. Colonel K. M. House, who went to Eu rope on more than one confidential mission for President Wilson during tba war and was a delegate to the peace conference, sent a 1500 contribution yesterday to the "match the president" fund for promotion of democratic educational propaganda In relation to the league of nations. Another contributor yesterday was Cleveland K. Dodge, who save 15000 to the fund 1500 for himself, a similar amount for Mrs. Dodge and for each of his eight grand children. New York Times. Thus does Colonel House show' forgiveness for the slights put on him since his return from Paris, and thus does Mr. Dodge give a hint to republicans on an easy way to observe the letter but defy the spirit of the limit oa campaign contribu tions. For example, if John D. Rockefeller were so minded, he might subscribe the limit of $1000 for himself and for each of his rela tives to the third an8 fourth gen eration and even to the fifth cousin. Why not, for is not the democratic party making political capital out of Franklin D. Roosevelt's fifth cou- sinshlp to Theodore Roosevelt? According to the Dodge plan. John D. might subscribe in the name of each of, his brothers and sisters, his and their children and bis and their grandchildren and so on down to the latest Rockefeller baby who has not begun to cut his teeth. But what a roar of slush fund Mr. Cox would raise if a long list of the Rocke feller clan should appear on the re publican list. Of course it makes a difference whose big business man is concerned whether his campaign ' contribution Is to be praised or condemned. Though Mr. Dodge Is among the big gest, his money is relievea rrom taint by being applied to democratic use, and though a multi-millionaire, he is not so multiple a millionaire as old John D. Rockefeller. OCT OF THE WAY. Representative McArthur has never been aecused of equivocation or philandering with any cause or issue. He has the rare merit of forthrlghtness, and it has contrib uted in no small degree to the con fidence which his constituents have in him and which they have shown by increasing majorities. But this admirable quality also gets him Into occasional trouble with 6ome of the voters. There are the prohibitionists meaning those excellent citizens who think that the test of every man's or woman's eligibility for public office is his or her stand on prohibition. The league of nations is nothing to them, nor democratic inefficiency (proved), nor republican corruption (un proved), nor any of the many mat ters which concern the ordinary citi zen and lead him to a judgment as to how he should vote for a presi dent or a congressman. He may be the most useful and experienced of ficial to be found, but if his political breath smells of rum, they are against iiim. He aay be inept or untried or impractical or visionary, but if he bats 100 per cent on the 18th amendment and the Volstead act, they are for him. Mr. McArthur pledged himself in 1916 to vote in congress as he was Instructed by his district on pro hibition, submitted to the Oregon electorate in that year; and he did It. IJe has been once elected since then, which is clearly a verdict of confidence in him. But prohibition became a fact, and since It is a fact, he accepts it, and says he will, by his vote and influence, resist any attempt to change the "Volstead act. Indeed he has already gone on rec ord in congress against Its repeal. If Mr. McArthur says he will do a -thing, that thing he will do. So far as prohibition is concerned, there is now no barrier between him and the prohibitionists. The question as to whether the third Oregon district will keep in congress a, representa tive who has displayed energy and courage, and a resultful activity in all affairs of concern either to the nation or to the state, will not now be complicated by -any needless in terjection of a demand, to know whether'he will vote dry or wet. " T1NDING THE MARKET. The department of agriculture's estimate that this year's potato crop runs to more than four bushels for every man, woman and child in the United States suggests anew the im portance of perfecting the market ing system. Four bushels per in dividual, or about ten sacks to the family of five, are enough to guar antee against potato famine, or even unwarranted and speculative prices later in the season, without ques tion; yet stranger things have hap pened than that the. large proportion of a bountiful crop has been wasted, and that the cost to the consumer of a good deal of the remainder has been enhanced by unnecessary haul age. When Oregon exports potatoes to California, and later imports po tatoes from Texas, there is economic waste not even traceable to the ma chinations of the hated a.nd often misunderstood middleman. Certain of the fundamentals In volved in solution of the high cost of living will have been uncovered when we succeed in avoiding mar ket duplication and unnecessary transportation and handling and re handling. The middleman who jus tifies his existence by actual service performed is probably indispensable to commerce, but he becomes a bur den II he is chiefly engaged in a game of shuttlecock and battledore with articles of necessity. It would be theoretically ideal, from the view. point of producer, consumer and middleman alike, if the products of each community could be devoted first to supplying the needs of that community and the surplus shipped to buyers who have use for them, in quantities such as would obviate waste- To expect perfection would be to count too much on a human institu tion, 3'et a beginning must be made if there is to be progress of any sort. The wide open, uncontrolled market, without? co-operation, has been shown to incur waste and to .footer p.esulaUon An efficiently conducted market bureau, if it did no more than furnish adequate and accurate Information concerning the details of supply and demand, ought to be an improvement over present condition.;. . A MAIN TAT.E FROM THE DESERT. The world at lar?e does not know much about Harper. It may be 'doubted if one person in ten in Ore gon ever heard of It, or could tell whether it is a town or an animal or a musical instrument or a human being. Yet Harper is on the map, decidedly. It Is a unit in the great political, economic, industrial, social and continental machine that makes up a mighty nation. It is in the United States. It is In Oregon. It is in Malheur county, a village in the vast plain of hill and desert that geographically compasses many thousand square miles of the state.. It has a store or two, and, doubtless, a church and a school . house and a number of dwellings. Remote as it is, it is yet an American com munity, and as such it has its rights and knows them, and dares to main tain them. The Oregonlan has today a letter from Harper, written by the keeper of the town store. He tells the story of a can of corned beef and it is a plain tale which points a moral. . Why should the citizens of a frontier village, where livestock is the chief industry, be required to eat Argentine beef? How did that par ticular can of the Argentine product one of many like it find its way to Harper over thousands of miles by water from South America and then other thousands by rail and by truck? What part has the im portation of Argentine beef into America in the poor condition of the domestic livestock business? Harper wants a protective tariff for beef and wool and 'hides.- Other communities in eastern Oregon and elsewhere are beginning to think in terms of a tariff their thinking be ing made more acute by their eat ing of Imported beefs and their wearing of imported woolens. THE NEXT STEP. Nothing could be plainer or truer than the statement of Mr. Harding that the league of nations has been already scrapped by President Wil son. The people, through the "great and solemn referendum" in Novem ber, will rescrap it. - Let us not refer to the scrapping process ia Jest or mockery. It is too serious a subject. It is with many earnest friends of a league and sponsors of world peace an occasion of deepest regret. But the miserable mess made of the whole business beginning with the un happy and disastrous obstinacy of the president, continuing in the blun-, derlng political strategy of an appeal to the electorate, and ending with a decision by the voters calls for candid statement. The referendum was a colossal mistake. But it was invoked by the democrats. They must abide by its results. - They will have no alterna tive, though it will be a fact that the election will not hinge on the league of nations at all. But tffey think, or pretend to think, that it will. They cannot shift base after election. The league being dead, and with it the hopes of many who looked forward to the satisfactory consum mation of a revised covenant, the next step is an association of na tions as -proposed by Mr. Harding upon the authority of the republican platform. We accept at full value the assurance of Mr. Harding that his first action will be to call Into counsel eminent citizens entitled to speak, and the senate (both re publicans and democrats), and de vise a plan for the new organiza tion. It Is the only way to world peace through an association of na tions that will include America. The league is dead, so far as America is concerned. The folly of its-'frlends killed it.. REPUBLICAN' IAWS FOB LABOR. Radical labor leaders who favor either socialism or domination of labor in government never rest from saying that the republican party is the party of the rich and never did anything for the working man. The following extract from a letter by a working man to an evening paper Is typical of this trend of opinion: For my part, I have been a close ob server of what the republican administra tions amount to for the past SO years, la all my observations 1 have yet to notice anything whatever being dona for the laboring class, or poor class. They do plenty for capital and the priveleged class. The working class has never yet been represented in Washington, and it seems from present indications that they will be less represented than ever if Harding is elected. The truth of that statement can be Judged only by the record of the republican party for national labor legislation. This record shows: Eight-hour day for employes of government printing office, estab lished March 30, 1888, under Presi dent Harrison. Eight-hour day with maximum of 48 hours a week at same pay as for ten hours established for letter carriers May 24, 1SS8, during same administration. Eight-hour day extended to all laborers, workmen and mechanics employed by the government, August 1, 1892, under President Harrison. Eight-hour day required on all government irrigation projects in 1901 under President Roosevelt. Eight-hour day extended to all men employed under government contracts and to all clerks In first and second class postoffices in 1911 under President Taft, Chinese exclusion enacted for ten years in 1882 .under President Ar thur, continued in 1892 under Presi dent Harrison, extended again In 1903 under President Roosevelt and placed under control of labor de partment in 1912 under President Taft. Shanghaiing of sailors and peonage forbidden under severe penalties ia 1906 under President? Roosevelt. Immigration of alien laborers un der contract or even Inducement of it by advertising or soliciting for bidden in 1907 under .President Roosevelt.. Law forbidding employment in continuous work by railroad men for more than sixteen hours in twenty four passed ia 197 under President Roosevelt. Common carriers made liable for damages for injuries to employes caused by negligence of officers, agents, other employes or by defec tive equipment in 1907 under Presi dent Roosevelt. This law started the movement which has led to enact ment of workmen's compensation laws in many states. Railroads were required to install automatic couplers, continuous brakes and other labor-saving and protective devices in1901 under re publican Administration and in 1905 under President Roosevejt the inter state commerce commission was re quired to investigate and report on these devices. In the latter year It was required that locomotives be so equipped that employes need not ge't under the .engine to clean ash pajis. In 1910 under-President Taft it was required that all . cars be equipped with secure steps, ladders, brakes, etc., and the interstate com merce commission was given power to enforce the act, to require month ly reports of accidents and to in vestigate them. In 1911 boiler in spection of locomotives and proper make-up of mixed steel and wooden cars were required, also under Presi dent Taft. The national child labor commit tee was incorporated in 1907 under President Roosevelt. The children's bureau in the dct partment of labor was established in 1911 under President 1aft to in vestigate the welfare of children. Labor unions were exempted from the corporation excise tax enacted in 1909 under President Taft. Manufacture of white sulphur matches, which are injurious to health of employes, was forbidden in 1911 under President Taft. The bureau of mines was estab lished in 1910 under President Taft and by its investigation and organi zation of rescue parties has done much to reduce loss of life by mine explosions. All of this legislation in the Inter est of labor was enacted under republican administrations. The re publican party has also done much to promote just settlement of labor disputes without strikes and to pro mote settlement of strikes by arbi tration, notably in 1902, when Presi dent Roosevelt" compelled the an thracite coal companies to accept arbitration by threatening to seize the mines. Throughout the 80 years during which the writer of the letter quoted says he has been a close observer except since 1912 the republican party has been enacting and enforc ing laws to compel the rich to reduce working hours, to protect life and limb, to compensate working men for injury and to exclude oriental and contract labor. It has also exerted the influence of the govern ment to cause employers to arbitrate or mediate labor disputes until it has become the custom for employ ers rather than employes to propose these means to prevervt or end strikes. Notwithstanding disappointment over small attendance at the Ameri canization courses offered by the free city night schools Just opened, there is reason for optimism in the enrollment as a whole. A gain of some 40 per dent over the opening day a year ago shows that the leaven is working, and it is certain that students of this class are actuated by definite desire for self-improvement such as is not always, un fortunately, the- motive of matricula tion elsewhere. The .student who has arrived at the point pt studying while he Is working will be made conscious at least of the value of time, as he Is perhaps well aware that he already has wasted a good deal of that precious commodity, and the will to atone for the past is half the battle. It- would be illu minating, too, to knw how many others there are who -would attend such schools if they knew of the advantages presented. The ut most efforts for publicity do not quite reach all potential students. The citizen who knows anyone who would profit by a night school course will do a public service by calling the subject to his attention. There is a bunch of good fellows In eastern Multnomah, grown .gray with the years some of them,, who have made the county fair their regular endeavor. They do not profit by it personally. Farmers most of them, with a, banker and a business man or two. for leaven, they . have done very well. Bad weather has not frightened them. With the out side door of the city proper at their gates, they invite Portland people to go and see. The way is short and the going is good and tomorrow especially should see a large attend ance of cityfolk. As to the weather well, Noah - was an ancestor of most of us and we should keep up the family record. The Aroostook country of Maine Is famous for its potatoes. The Deschutes region of Oregon Is get ting that way. The Deschutes never will be an Aroostook, but there is likelihood Aroostook country will be the Deschutes of Maine as these Oregon potato experts progress. All the Redmond growers need do . is sell only -the best, despite the lure of a good price. Wilson and Spencer are mighty polite to each other. One time there was a man in tha White House who did not hesitate to use the "ugly word of four letters, but he was sure of his ground, and that makes a difference. Ohio requires women voters to give their ages in years and months. a needless rule, as ahybody can pretty near tell the age of a woman nowadays. The main thing is to get ber young enough, yet old enough to vote. Property owners have blocked the plan of new sidewalks along the Llnnton road whereby children could go to school in safety; but Com missioner Barbur is resourceful end can do much under head of repairs. Every man some time hopes to borrow money from his bank when needed. There ts nothing of senti ment in the handling of money and under the proposed interest-rate law he will not get it. That's flat- The refiners want the pound of flesh with the pound of sugar from the wholesalers in the falling mar ket, and the buck cannot be passed to the retailer and consumer, for a wonder. r An electrical exposition or na. tional scope in five years can be one of the things put over by Port land, a city, by the way, that can make anything "go." The death of a valuable setter by poison recalls that melted lard and plenty of it is an excellent first aid and generally at hand. . . While Secretary Baker is making those talks for Cox, ha might x plain how he came to turn "Hard- boiled" Smith loose. The laundrymen of the land are here today and Portland is ironed and otherwise tidied up for them. Those 40 barrels explain why the convention ran into the next week. BV-PRODICTS OF - THE TIMES Only Moderately Wealthy Men Carry Heavy Insurance Policies. Enormously jvealthy men do not carry the big Insurance. Henry Clay Frlck had only 1400,000 of life In surance. That led the writer to in quire as to the policies paid in excess of that sum during tha last five years. From the Insurance Press was obtained the information. The list follows: Thomas L Shevlln. Minneapolis,, 11,62s. 000; Frederick K. Hazard, Sy- racuse, 4j.6iio; uonrman J. einciajr. J837.475; Edward ne V. Morrell, Phil adelphia, $510,000; Louis, Parker, Greenville. 8. C. 1770.000; William A. Reed, New York, 8817,000;, Robert A Rowan, Los Angeles, 575,000r Sid ney W. Winslow, Orleans, Mass.. $69,730; John A. Holmes, St. Louia, $567,875; Chester A. Congdon, Duluth, $569,845; William Le Boach, Musca tine, O.T $497,000; Rowland C. Hazard. Peacedale. R. I.. $494,000; Edward B. Smith. Philadelphia, $460,000; Andrew Graham. Chicago, $434,539; Burgln Home, Pittsburg, $433,690, and Sam. uel H. Bowman, Minneapolis, $410,612. 'Our experience is that most multi millionaires start off strong in carry ing insurance when they are moder ately wealthy," said a leading insur ance man. "When they acquire .great wealth they slow down. At the pres ent time H. H. Rogers Jr.,- son of the late Standard Oil magnate, Is proba bly carrying more Insurance than any one in the world. His policies total $2,300,000. Probably the next heaviest buyer of life insurance is Rodman Wanamaker. who has around $2,000,t 00 worth Mrs. James J. Brown of Newport, R. I., Is the mostabeavlly Insured woman in the United States. As a rule, women are backward in taking out large insurance, despite the fact that they are the chief bene ficiaries of man's prodigal foresight." The name "Marshall" is one that has run the full course from the most humble to the most dignified of meanings. It is an Anglo-Saxon word. the original form of which was, under Norman-French Influence, "marescal" or "mareshaL" It was a compound ord, made up of "mare" and "chalk," the latter meaning "serv ant." The "marescal" was originally, then, "servant of the horse," that is to say, be was a horse groom or a blacksmith. But as the Norman-French over lords' households were of military or ganization, the title came gradually to denote the more important meaning of "master of the horse." and to be associated with more dignified duties of a military nature, la the course of time the "marescal's" duties be came those of "marshaling" the guests at banquets and Important functions. How important this was can be seen, only in the realization that in--the Norman social organisa tion this was a most punctilious mat ter, and from the fact that the title has developed into the highest mili tary honor that the French govern ment and that of Great Britain also can confer upon its generals. The family name of Marshall is an outgrowth of the title in many in stances, but -it cannot be doubted that in many . others it was merely the outgrowth of the original -occupation of horseshoeing-- which meaning still attached to the word after It had be come important as a title. Ferrer and Ferrier are names which have developed from another old word for horseshoer, that of "ferrur" or ferrour." A certain Signor Augusto Giuseppe Capranl, mayor of the commune of Sala Comaclna, being an admirer, of King Albert of Belgium, left him his island, the beautiful Isola Comaclna, no less, so widely known to all lovers of Lake Como. And King Albert, like the fine, gallant prince that he is, has returned the property to the Italian government with the stipulation that the island be used as a residence for artists. His action might be an example for American richlseimes. An Ameri can millionaire might actually see that by doing so mad, daring, unheard-of and revolutionary thing as devoting a cum to the service of art he might actually win more praise for himself than if he devoted it to the service of indoor plumbing or the cure of warts. In fact,' sa intense is the competi tion to help along science that the Average millionaire has a hard time giving away his surplus. Institutes for the investigation and cure of everything from amnesia to zymotic disease lift their rival marble fa cades round every park in every city in the United States. Splendid, surely. Did you say that some attention ought to be given the cultivation of the Immortal spirit? Out of court! Living Age Recent completion of apparatus for making liquid hydrogen by the United States bureau of standards and the current report that an Italian scientist promises the use of this material as a motor fuel have revived hopes of au tomata that a substitute for gasoline is at hand, according to an article In Popular Mechanics magazine. While such a development actually may come in tha future, the designers of the American apparatus question ths announced possibility of getting 260 miles to the gallon of the new fuel. The method of manufacture Is to introduce gaseous hydrogen into a tank at about 2600 pounds pressure, where it is cooled .first by liquid air and then by Its own expansion. The portion not lrquefied is used for fur ther cooling and then returned to the gas holder. - Judge Gray, dowiin Mississippi, was about to adjotffn court, when an old colored man of his acquaintance moseyed in, bis countenance show ing worrirnent. "Jedge." ho mumbled, "mah con science done trouble me. Is yo' got a charge against me?" "Why, no uncle. I haven't any charge." "Jedgc. mah conscience suUInly am disturbin'. To' ain't missed a couple of yo' chickens has yo'?" "No, uncle, I haven't, but even if there were a couple gone I wouldn't know it. I never count them.'" Dont' nebber count 'em? Mah-h-h goodness! Mah conscience am ap peased. Good day, suh, good day." American Legion Weekly. A waggish correspondent of the Boston Transcript who says he lias not noticed cottage pudding on the bill of fare for some months, inquiries if its absence is due to the shortage of. houses. . . ' Those Who Come and Go. There are neither navigable rivers nor harbors in Harney county's -10.-000 square miles; nevertheless, J. J. Donegan and others from Burns came to Portland to attend the conference. "We've grot the stub end of five rail roads," explained Mr. Donegan. "and we want them hooked up to rivers, for without harbors, what's the good of rivers, and without rivers, what's the good of our railroad ends?" All of which sounds logical. Discuss ing general conditions in Harney, Mr. Donegan says that last year, when prices were up, there was a drouth, and now, when there is rain and all kinds of hay and sleek stock and grain, the price of wheat is declining and the bottom ts falling out of the cattle market. "It costs from $12 to $18 for a pair of shoes," protested Mr. Donegan, "and yet there is no one coming into our country to buy our cured hides. There hasn't been a hid buyer in Harney for six months." So, In the hope of bettering conditions. Harney county will vote republican and pray for a protective tariff on wool and hides. For 40 years the winter visitors at Key West, Fla.. have Called hi in "Uncle Zack." fore furnishes guides, boats and tackle for deep-sea fishing off the coast. Zachariah B. Peters is his full name, and he was at the Multnomah yesterday while passing throuprh to California. Before the United States won freedom for Cuba Mr. Peters was an active spirit in many of the revolutions in the island and did his best to aid the natives In overthrowing the Spanish rulers. He was filibustering and gun-running in 1SS6, when he was captured near Siboney and was sentenced to be shot aerainst a wall by General "Bloody" Weyler. While being transported across the country to be executed at Santiago de Cuba he was rescued. One of the first outfits of American troops landed on Cuban soil in 1898 made the passage in the steamer City of Jack Bonville. and "Uncle Zack" was one of the pilots on the steamer. After his adventurous career "Uncle Zack now finds things rather tame along the Florida coast. Chanberries are under water In the bog-s of North Beach, Wash., back of Seavlew, according to Theodore Thlel, who has returned to Portland, dis gusted at the weather. Mr. Thiel has cranberry farm, or bog. whatever you wish to calli it, and he haca be?n trying to gather his crop, but nad to suspend operations after plucking ene acre. The rains inundated the coun try and as the cranberry iarshes are low land, they readily flooded. The berries must be picked by a, person kneeling in the ground, and with the .sloppy weather, it was a disagree able job and later an Impossible one. The crop is generally picked tha lat ter part of August, but the rains hav caused a delay of six weeks. Unless the water leaves and the berries are soon picked, frosts are likely to come along some night and ruin the crop. as was the case a year ago. In Canada evaporated cherries are considered a sweetmeat and people munch them as they do raisins. Robert C. Paulus of Salem discovered the Canadian market and, as Salem is a center for tons of cherries, Mr. Paulus aimply brought together the supply said the demand. People In Oregon know scarcely anything about evaporated cherries, although. It is quite an industry at Salem. Mr. Paulus was the manager of the Salem fruit union until that concern was absorbed. With Mrs. Paulus he was In Portland yesterday, registered at the feewara. Ms, Paulus is now man ager or the Oregon Growers Co-Op eratlve association, which has 16 plants in addition to the one at Salem. Ho has just returned from Clarke county. Washington, where he has been closing a deal with farmers for prunes. - Sam Ballantyne of Boise. Idaho, as looks go would not be suspected of being a former football star, bu: such is the case. In 1893 he was at the Portland university, where the Columbia university now stands, and was on the winning eleven that year. In 1S96 he attended Stanford and was one of the players on the team there. He participated in the last "rush countenanced at the university, along wun sucn otner uregonlajiis as Charles L. McNary, now United States senator: Chester Murphy and Phil Metschan. Mr. Ballantyne, who is reg istered at the Imperial, Is engaged in tne sneep business in Idaho. Before going to Alaska, Cal Hutton was a baggage porter at the. Hotel Portland. Yesterday he ambled into the lobby to see if he could note any changes. Mr. Hutton is now a railroad conductor on the railroad which the government buirt in Alaska and be cause he doesn't like the Alaskan winters he has returned to the Rose City. In May. 1921, Conductor Hutton will resume his run. He says they have struck oil about 15 miles from the railroad and the discovery has caused considerable excitement. It Is 14 years since E. D. Homer has visited Portland. Mr. Homer lives at Halfway, not far from Robinette, where there was a disastrous hotel fire a few days ago in which five lives were lost. Mr. Homer, accompanied by his family, drove by automobile to Portland and when he registered at the Perkins he Informed the world that the roads are terrible. "Big Mat," as he is knowji through out eastern Oregon, is at the Benson, registered from The Dalles. M. R. Matthews is a merchandise broker who "makes" the territory east of the Cascades in an automobile and it is said that he sells twice as much goods as any other man in the state- i To kill a few golf; J. C. Scott of Walla" Walla, Wash., is in the city and. is registered at the Hotel Port land. Mr. Scott is very much of an enthusiast and golfs at every oppor tunity at Gearha,rt or on the links near Portland. Owner of a flock of apartment houses in Portland, all rented, A. S. Ellis is registered at the Multnomah waiting for the weather conditions to improve ao he can gasoline it to Los Angeles for the winter. Among the walnut growers in Port land yesterday waa J. C Cooper of McMinnville. The executive commit tee of the growers' association were in town holding a caucus. Mr. Cooper is at the Imperial. H. L Stanfield. of Stanfield. is one of the Stanfield brothers in the sheep business. H. L. is in charge of the business in Umatilla county. With his wife, he is registered at the Imperial. C. S. Tourtelott. formerly steward at the Crater Lake lodge. isregi tered from the lodge at the Imperial. The season at Abe lake' Is over be cause the snow has arlved. Bringing a couple of prisoners from Pendleton. Al Roberts is at the Perk ins, his wards safely locked up. Mr. Roberts is the chief of police in the round-up town. K. II. Kitts. of Marshfield. is registered at tha Hotel Portland. Ha is interested In a merchandise etore on Coos bay, but takes to the road about once a year. l. Myers, one of the best-known bankers in La Grande, is at the Hotel Portland. , O. G. Hale, who is in the sheep business nea, Condon, ia' registered at the Perkins. CAN 'OF BEEF HeW Democratic Tariff Artec's One Oregon Industry. HARPER, Or., Oct. 4. (To the Editor.) The writer is a merchant. doing business at Harper, Or. Harprr Is a town located in the ccrite;- of the headquarters ranch of Miller & Lux. the largest cattle outfit on the coast, if not in the United States. Last week I ordered from Swift & Co., Boise, among other goods, a casj of one-pound cans of corned beef. Today they came, and this was what we read: COMPANIE SWIFT DE LA PLATA ARGENTINE Argentine beef in the heart of the biggest cow camp in Oregon! And I was going to vote for Chamberlain. But no more. I have never met air. Stanfield,' and I have Mr. Chamber lain.- I like him for his pleasant personality and his hundred-per-cent American stand for our boys. He is welcome to my cakes and ale, but not my bread and butter. Here are all my customers. loaded up with cattle they cannot sell. We put a million pounds of as good wool as was ever grown In Oregon through our warehouses last snrini- iti cannot get a dollar on it. and our paternal administration is offering cape and Australian wool for sale every day. Our warehouse is full of pelts and hides which the dealers will not even allow us to ship to them, because the pelts and hides are not worth the freight. Every ship is bringing in more Argentine stuff to make conditions worse for us. We talk of the league of nations and wet and dry. We a:e chasing the shadow and ignoring the real issue, which is, for us. Shall we have five-cent wool and two-cent beef again, as we had in the good old Cleveland days? Five thousand such republicans as I was could stay at home on Novem ber 2 and not hurt the chance of Harding and Sinnott in the statu or district. But in the senate we have a majority of two. and one of those, (God save the mark!) Is LaFollette. That is where an Oregon republican is going to have the only chance to make his vote count In this election. That can of beef showed me wherein my duty lay. J. r. F AIRMAN. SIR- JIcARTHVIt WILL VOTE DRY Promises to ResUt Any Effort to Weaken Volstead Act. PORTLAND. Or.. Oct. 7. (To the Editor.) Inasmuch as a lot of gratui tous information relative to my record and stand on the question of national prohibition is being put for ward by supporters of the democratic-prohibition canflldate for rep resentative in congress from the third Oregon district. I wish to avail my self of this opportunity to set forth the facts in order that the people of the district may know the actual situation. During the campaign of 1916 I pledged myself to regard the vote of the people of this district on the state constitutional prohibition amersdment as an instruction to me on ihe ques tion of national prohibition. This pledge was made in good faith and at a time when both the prohibition ists and anti-prohibitionists were claiming the district. The voters, however, defeated the state constitu tional prohibition amendment by the overwhelming majority of 979D votes and, in keeping with my pledge, I voted against the national prohibi tion amendment when it was acted upon by congress. Had the people of this district voted otherwise, I would have voted otherwise in con gress. I also opposed., several other prohibition measures for reasons which . were fully set forth in the public prints when the votes were taken and which need no further comment from me at this time. The national prohibition amend ment is now a part of the constitu tion of the United States and the Volstead act is a part of the law of the land and as such should be rigidly enforced. I have already voted against the repeal of the Vol stead act (see Congressional Record, March 4. 1921), page 4154) and I shall continue to oppose any and all at tempts to weaken or emasculate either the law or the constitutional amendment until the people of the third Oregon district, speaking through the medium of the ballot, shall direct me otherwise. The Initiative provision of the con- stitution of Oregon affords the peo ple of this state an ample field for the expression of their views on any subject, but until the electorate of the third Oregon district directs me otherwise, I shall continue to sup port the Integrity of existing pro hibition laws and likewise the neces sary appropriations for their enforce ment. C. "N. McARTH t'K. ODD SIGNIFICANCE OF NUSIERALS Japanese Prise Some Numbers and Avoid Others. TORTLAND. Oct. 7. (To the Ed itor.) Permit me to add a few words to an article on Japanese numerals published in The Oregonlan's "By products" Friday. Eight is indeed a highly prized number in that country: Singly it signifies the "lucky strike in eight different directions"; doubly It forms the character of "rice." the most, important f all the products in Japan. We acclaim those who have attained the age of 88 as the "men of rice age." and congratulate thm at great feasts. The numerals 753 this was given erroneously in your article as 857 Is also very popular. I shall not fill space with the story of its origin, but this is the number of ropes used In weaving those enormous straw festoons whloh adorn all holy places and bouse fronts on New Year's day. Intitead of calling it shechi-go-san. as ifshould be read literally, we call it "shine," and use it as a mark of consecration. Seven is truly an unpopular num ber wHn singly used. It corresponds with "pawn shop" in pronunciation, and therefore is shunned by all busi ness houses, but it is not quite so hopeless as four. Four, as explained in your article, is pronounced "shi," death, in Chinese, and in Japanese "yo," night. When it combines with another it becomes shl-jui-shi "always death" certain ly a dismal word. With seven it be comes shi-jiu-shichi "always pawn ing." When otie reaches the age of 43 pronounced "shi-ni." death he holds a sort of ceremony in hopes to dispel the black-bannered gray arch enemy of all living creatures which is said to be in ambush for him. Forty-nine is also a pest, for it signifies "continuous suffering." May I call your attention to the fact that they designate the good-for-nothing as roku-de-nashi not six? Roku -six In Japan means Worth, and therefore the wortfrless is called "not six." Other' peculiar uses of nu merals era "O-san" honorable three, for maid; "san-suke three help for the attendant at public bath house; "hachi-hachi" eight-eight for playing card; "ku ku" nine nine mathematical table, and the most Important of all, "san-san-ku-do three, three and nine times the cer emony of chalice at wedding. KEN KAKAZ.VWA. STORY OF More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. ttnisc; A BOLSHEVIK. Getruffsky lacked both pelt and fame. His intellect was weak; and consequently he became ..A howling boshevik Who launched a curse on all who had More industry than he did. And vowed all governments were bad Where honest men succeeded. His fancied wrongs he sought to riQt With pistol and with dirk. With bhrapnel and with dynamite v And everything but work lie robbed and pillaged all around. He burgled everywhere. Until he cracked a crib and fuund A million roubles there. A million roubles all in gold. Which tidy little sum Served, on the instant to remould This bolshevikian bum. Xo moro he deals in dynamite. The burden of his song Is that the governments are risbt, And bolsheviks are wrong. For once you give a bolshevik A goodly store of pelf. Thereafter ho will only reek To keep it for himself. Infallibly it works a cure For all the ills that ail 'em, But there's a way that's still more EUr And simpler just to jail 'cm. a a Iteady for a Boom. The Talm Heach hotels will be crowded this winter. It will be cheapef to stay in 'tin than to buy coal in the north. No Hope. Even the repeal of the ISth amend ment wouldn't do the brewers any good. Everybody knows how to make his own, now. v Perfectly Safe. There is no danger that tlis hand that rocks the crade will rock tha boat. (Copyright. 1920. By Bell Syndicate. Ine.1 John Burroughs Nature Notes. Can You Answer These QorXlonif 1. Is the Simon pure crow found io the south? 2. Does the skunk ever hurry? 3. How does the maple reward one in the fall? Answers In TomorroTra Nature Notes, Answers to previous questions: 1. Why are robins so abundant? Robins- are so abundant because they are so adaptive, both as regards their food and their nestinR-habita. They eat both fruit and insets, and will nest anywhere in trees, sheds, walls and on .the ground. 2. Are dry. hard fields helpful to a fox in eluding a hound? In cold, dry weather the fox will sometimes elude the hound, at least delay him much, by taking to a bare, plowed field. The hard, dry earth seems not to retain a particle of the scent, and the hound gives a loud, long, peculiar bark, to signify he has trouble. 3. Should apples be pared? The genuine apple-eater dispenses with a knife. He prefers that his teeth shall have the first taste. Then he knows that the best flavor is im mediately beneath the 6kin. and that in a pared apple this is lost. If you will stew the apple, he says, instead of baking it. by all means leave the skin on. It improves the color and vastly heightens the flavor of tha dish. (Rights reserved by Houghton illfflln Co.) In Other Days. Twestf-Five Years Ago. - From The Oregonlan of October.S. IP'.'S. waiter ai. marsnaii aiea at his home, 229 Couch street, last nlsht. presumably from a blow given him Sunday by George Chevreuil, a maker of artificial plants. The funeral of Ben C. Irwin, presi dent of the Irwin-Hodson company, will be held this afternoon under auspices of Ivanhoe lodge, Knights of Pythias. Tonight will be one of exciting ath letic events at the Oregon industrial exposition. The Mazamas held their second an nual meeting at the Unitarian church last night and elected C 11. Wholes as president. Fifty Years Ago. From The Oregonlan of October 8. JS70. London. Five hundred houses were destroyed in Strasbourg by the bom bardment and 10,000 persons were made homeless. The deed transferring the Oregon Central railroad to the Willamette Valley railroad, with maps of tha first 20 miles of the latter, has been forwarded to Washington for ap proval. Professor Lowell R. Rogers oi Netv York, recently elected to the chair of natural science in Willanielte univer sity, is now on his way to his new post. A woman in man's clothing created quite a sensation in tha city yes terday. WINTER STAGE OF IXSECT LIFE Farther Contribution to Fund of In- formation on Subject. PORTLAND. Oct 7. (To the.Edi itor.) In John Burroughs' "Naturn Notes" the query, 'How docs insect life spend the winter?" is answered. In order adequately to answer this question it would take several col umns of your paper, but briefly put, insects pass the winter in various stages, some in the egg. some In the larval stage, many in the pupal fctag and quite a good percentage in tha adult stage. The well-known cod ling moth of the apple l asses the win ter as a full-grown larva in its co coon in a chink in the bark of the apple tree. Tho common white cab bage butterfly passes tho winter a a chrysalis, hanging on a convenient wall. There are some btitterflter which pass tho winter as adults, ap pearing during mild days in winter on the wing, but as a general rule this group passes the winter in one or other of the stages of their exist ence. Many of the wood-boring beetles and other insects pass the winter as larvae, feeding on the wood of the trees in which they live, but soma pass the winter as adults and after laying their eggs in the spring die. Many spiders, which are not true in sects, live through the winter as adults, while some pass this season in the egg stage. These are the only stages spiders pass through. This letter Is not to be construed as a criticism of Mr. Burroughs' state ment, but as a further contribution to the answer. J. R- MALLOCH. I ndlvliled Interest Owned. CARLISLE. Wash.. Oct. 7. (To th Editor.1 A and B inherit a parcel of undivided land. B wants to keep his interest in the land. . A wants to buv B's interest. Can A force B to ecl'l? R. L. O. lie cannot, legally. .