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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 29, 1920)
THE MORNING OltEG ONI AN, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 1920 iltormnc, (tocrmrian ESTABLISHED BY HENRY L. TITTOCK. Published by The Oregonian Publishing Co las sixth street. Portland. Orfjon C A. MOR1JES. K. B. 1'IPER, Manner. tdltor. The Oregonian U a m of the Asso ciated frees. The Associated Press I ex clusively entitled to the use for publication cf all news dispatches credited to H or not otherwise credited In this puper and also n io.-a( news published herein All rights C republication of special dispatensa hera In urn also reserved. (subscription Kates Invariably in Advance. (By Mall.) Pally. Funday included, one year ?'2 I'aily, Sunuay included, six months ... 25 I'aiy. Sunday Included, three month . 2.2. Lally, Sunday Included, one month ... 1'aliy, without Sunday, one year 1'aily, without Sunday, six months .... 8-5 lHi!y. without SuudHy. one month ( "Week ly. one y ear 1.00 Sunday, one year fi-OU (By Carrier.) 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REACHING FOB MOKE FOIVEK President Wilson's refusal to give notice of abrogation of those section! of commercial treaties which pre vent the United States from granting reduced tariff rates on imports car ried on American vessels is & further attempt to concentrate In his hands absolute control of foreign relations and to restrict the legislative power1 of congress. Mr. Wilson's refusal to act as directed by a law which he has approved is Justified in the state ment of the state department by the broadest construction of the execu tive power and by the narrowest construction of the legislative power regarding treaties. It lays down a principle which. If adhered to, would permit the officials of one time to restrict the freedom of action or the country for all time without regard to radically changed conditions. Mr. Colby cites. In support of the president's position that the Initiative in either making or modifying treaties rests with the executive by and with the advice and consent of the senate, a declaration of President Hayes to the same general effect. He overlooks a contrary precedent established in 1865, when with refer ence to the reciprocity treaty of 1854 with Great Britain, congress on Jan uary 18 adopted the following joint resolution: That notice be given of the termination of t he ' reciprocity treaty according to the provision therein contained for termina tion of the saine, and the president of the I'nited Statu is hereby charged with the communication of KUrh notice to the gov ernment of Great Britain and Ireland. That language implies no doubt of the authority of congress, and the notice was sent by President Lincoln. It has not been disputed from the early days of the republic that as to treaties in general the initiative Is vested in the president with advice and consent of the senate, but as to commercial treaties it has been held that this power is subject to the un restricted legislative power of con gress within the province fixed by the constitution, on the principle that the power vested in one branch of the government must not be so exercised as to nullify the power specifically granted to another branch. Congress controls revenue and taxation, which affect and are affected by foreign commerce. If it should have no voice in making and terminating commercial treaties, the president and senate might contract away all of its power over foreign commerce and ships and much reve nue. President Taft recognized the authority of congress by complying Russia of the termination of the commercial treaty. When the reci procity treaty with Cuba was con- its approval was required by the house as well as the senate because of its effect on revenue. Mr. Colby's assertion that to can cel the clauses of commercial treaties which conflict with the mer chant marine law would be a viola tion of good faith because those treaties contain no stipulation for notice of their termination implies that a nation which makes such a . treaty is bound for ever beyond hope of escape. This is contrary to reason and to the whole spirit in which treaty relations have been main tained. While a nation may not annul a treaty by simply declaring that it will no longer be bound by it, writers on international law hold that it may obtain release from an obsolete treaty by giving fair notice or by inviting negotiation for revi sion of the terms. As the acreempnt to make no preferential tariff is one of the terms of a bargain, its cancel lation requires revision of the whole, but it cannot reasonably be main tained that no right of revision ex ists. Even as to political treaties, this has not been held. The treaty of Paris in 1S56 restricted Russia's rights in the F.Iack sea. In 1S70 Russia declared that it would no longer be bound by those terms. Britain denied its rifrb to escape its. engagements in tnis manner, but conceded that the treaty might be modified "with the consent of the contracting powers by means of an amicable arrangement." Comment i lng on this condition Lawrence says: This doctrine sounds well, hut a little consideration will show that It is as un tenable as the lux view that would allow Btiy party to a treaty to violate it on the slightest pretext. If it were invariably followed, a single obstructive power would Jiave the riKht to prevent beneficial changes that all the other statea concerned ware, willing to adopt. If that be true of political treaties, which are of.ten the result of war. it must be more true of commercial treaties, for conditions affecting them change constantly. - ah tact ii i . titjii s present: atti- tutie. lor -ir. ooiDy is simply his mouthpiece, flatly contravenes that -which he assumed in regard to the " teamen s law. That law called upon Dim to give notice of the annulment Miii iiauoea ul commercial treaties, and he acted in accordance - with it. His change of front is more - proDaoiy aue to extermination to - magnify his power a feeling that dominates him since Nhe has en -r countered tlrm opposition than to of treaties. Although the United States did not Intervene in the war In Poland, the United States sent 1700 carloads of material from France across Ger many since August 9, 1919. They did not carry war material but relief supplies for the American Polish relief expedition-.which was sent to fight typhus fever. ' Its work con- slsted largely In destroying the lleo 7 Is which carry typhus, but It fought other diseases and also furnished relief in a terrible blizzard last November. Three members of the expedition died in the campaign against the plague, a,nd one, who refused to desert his delouslng train when the bolshevists captured Minsk, was taken prisoner, but was released after several weeks. Since the war was carried into Poland, the Ameri cans have given relief to refugees, supervising their camps and dis tributing food. They have won the affection of the Polish people for the United States. BAD BrOKTSMAXSHIP. All the world loves true sport and adulates game sportsmen. John L. Sullivan is not more remembered because he was the greatest fighter of his time than because he was "on the square." Who that knew him did not admire Jack Dempsey, for his never-say-dle spirit, for his pugi listic skill, for his manliness, and above all for his honesty? Baseball has its heroes, too, from Pop Anson and Billy Sunday to Babe Ruth. Obviously Babe Ruth is a sportsman par excellence. There is no fake about a home run. Commercialism long ago seized baseball, but it kept its popularity, even after the decline of horse-racing, wrestling, boat racing and some others, for the reason that It was honest, or was thought to be. No doubt It Is, yet and now, generally, and it must be admitted that the revelations about the world's cham pionship series of 1919 have shaken the citadels of sport to their very foundation. Crooked players, in a rotten deal with crooked gamblers, played false with their team, with their rivals, with their employers and with the public. Baseball will recover, if there Is a searching, stern and relentless house cleaning. Not otherwise. If not, the great grandstands and the mighty bleachers will be deserted and the game will be relegated to the subur ban fields and back lots, where it came from. Young America Is at least clean and sportsmanlike. JCST A NOTE OF WARNING. The Astoria Budget, sharing tho common worry among conservative should we also say progressive? elements of the state about thi ad vent of the Non-Partisan lejgue. prints oonspicuously a letter from the manager of a grain elevator in Montana as follows: The people of Montana hari been en snared to the extent that we have a non partisan candidate for governor, and if he la elected (u per cent ol trie substantial business firms will be for sale and Quite few will go to Oregon, providing you do not pass the famous 5 per cent Interest law. 1 know of a man who has $20,000 to invest in your state but he will not move until after you have your election. Any man with the good of hia oountry heart will have nothing to do with this non-partisan gang. We know the only good that cornea from any of them la a graft that the organizer gets out of the people that they humbus into following them. Fight the N-P and the 8 per cent in terest. It would be of great solace to many in Oregon if assurance could be given that no danger exists over the four per cent and five per cent interest bill. There i3 no way to judge, except that the people of Ore gon have a habit of voting down revolutionary, destructive and insane measures of all kinds. We hope for the best. The people of Montana have ap parently not awakened In time. The democratic party particularly has been asleep at the switch. The non partisans, not even making the poor pretense that they were democrats, nevertheless boldy entered the pri mary of that party, and captured practically all the Important nomi nations. Now, posing nominally as democrats, they will non-partisanize the state government. United States Senator Myers, dem ocrat, calls on all democrats to vote the republican state and congres sional tickets in Montana. By the exercise of a true non-partisanship the distinguished democratic senator hopes to defeat thefalse non-parti sanship. It has been widely advertised that the Non-Partisan league will begin in November its campaign to capture Oregon. The first great objective of the partisan non-partisans will be, doubtless, to take over the demo cratic political organization. They have accomplished that precise thing in Montana. Colorado and Idaho Why not in Oregon, unless the demo crats make an effort to save them selves? The public, ear has been hammered incessantly with appeals from democratic voices to do some thing to head off the Non-Partisan league. Let the democrats do some thing. They will find themselves without a party if they fail or refuse. IMMIGRATION EXAGGERATED. The inter-racial council, of which the Serbian-American scientist. M. I, Pupin, Is secretary, points out in an official bulletin that hopes based on expectation of a large immediate in crease in immigration are ropes of sand. The inference is drawn that in the interest of preserving a supply or labor sufficient to meet the grow ing needs of an expanding country It is worth while to consider measures for checking emigration of desirable individuals. "The laborer who leaves the country," says the bulletin, "is worth more in experience and earn ing capacity than the newcomer." Yet the outward tide is seldom taken into account in the estimates,. It is shown, for example, that in a' recent period of nine weeks, when attention was focused on arrivals at Ellis Is land numbering 122,563, which was at the rate of almost three-quarters of a million a year, the net increase of immigration over emigration was only 33,522. The figures indicate that net immigration is unlikely to become noticeable for some time. Three principal factors stand in the way of an early increase. They are, increased cost of transportation, the literacy test and limited shipping facilities. Cost of passage tickets has more than doubled since pre war times and the head tax, which in 1882 was 50 -cents, is now $8. Every intending immigrant must now pay $10 for a consular-vise. The low exchange rate operates even more powerfully as a check. The larger wages of the European are re duced to almost nothing by depre ciated purchasing power. It is fig ured that with the present income of an Austrian on a 1913 basis, he could have paid for himself and seventy-one friends with the sum now necessary for him to expend on a voyage to America alone. The statistics seem to 3ustify the conclu sion that "the immigrant has to be a fairly well-o-do person to come here, unless he has friends here to help him out or is aided by philan thropic organizations." The literacy test is efficient in bar ring additional numbers, although it be perfect In fulfilling Its Intent- Lack of trans portation continues to be serious, although the situation In this respect is Improving. The editor of the monthly magazine jOf the National City Bank of New York estimates that existing shipping facilities will not permit a gross Immigration of more than 750,000 at all ports dur ing the fiscal year 1920-21, and emi gration is now at the rate of 9894 a week, or 614,488 a year. The net number of immigration males is In the neighborhood of 1575 a week, or a little more than 80,000 a year. Never since the tide of immigration first set in, except for a brief period during the war, has the figure been so low. The conclusions of the inter-racial council will e Interesting both to those who have been alarmed by the prospect of a flooded labor market and to others who have excused their own abstention from production In the notion that there soon would be plenty of hands to do all necessary work. Neither is warranted. "Net Immigration" in the early future promise? to be negligible. HIGH COST OF DEMOCRACY. Do what he will, Mr. Cox cannot turn the minds of the people away from the fact that the leading issue in the campaign is the high cost of democratic government. That issue directly concerns everybody, for It is closely connected with the high cost of living. The man whose family expenses have risen faster than his Income Is disposed to consider every other question as It affects this one, and he can see no relief in another democratic administration. The figures prove it. The cost of government In 1912, the last year of republican rule, was $654,324,444. In 1913, the first year of democratic rule. It rose to $682,770,706, and It rose year by year till in 1916, the last, year before we entered the war, it reached $741,996,727. The bil lions squandered In the war are the subject of another story, but for the year ending June 30, 1920, which be gan eight months after the war ended, the departments asked con gress for $11,101,015,690. Deducting interest on the war debt amounting to almost $1,250,000,000, and $1,000,- 000,000 lent to the wheat corpora tion, there still remain almost $9,000,000,000 for expenditure in peace. The republican congress ap propriated $7,603,448,579, reducing the total 36 per cent For the year ending June 30, 1921, the democratic administration asked for $6,334,312,929 and the republican congress voted $4,859,890,327, a sav ing of $1,474,426,602. Where did the money go? A very large proportion went in salaries. On June 30, 1913, the government h'ad 420,752 employes. On April 6, 1917, when war was declared, it had 465, 483, an increase of 45,000 in peace time. When the war ended on No vember 11, 1918, the number had In creased to 811,732. It was natural to expect that by February 20, 1920, 15 months after fighting stopped. there would have been a decrease to a point somewhere near the pre-war total, but the total then was 7 6 0,110, or 80 per cent more than in 1913. The number was so great that beads of department could not tell how many there were on any particular date. When a person is once on the payroll. It seems almost impossible to get him off. triNG AWAKE. The "technique of lying awake. as Mrs. Winfield Scott Moody calls it in an enlightening article in Scrib- ners, may smack somewhat of the old-time cures for so-called "insom nia," but Mrs. Moody bestows a boon on those who think they suffer from sleeplessness by reminding them that in the phenomenon of sleep, "nature herself takes a hand in the matter, as if she looks upon the average of four hours as the irreducible minimum. and leaves it to us to give her the help she needs for the gain of health." There is, too, encourage ment for the potential neurotic in the definition of insomnia as "but sleeplessness plus worry." To put fear out of the mind Is to destroy the harmfulness of the illusion that one is going to the dogs. The writer. who has perfected the technique of which she writes, believes firmly that four hours' sleep, supplemented by four hours of real rest. Is suffi cient not only for fairly comfortable living but that it will also leave margin for a gain in health. The surest method, in Mrs Moody's opinion, of making the best of a rather bad bargain is to "turn squarely about on our old concep tion of sleeplessness as a tragedy of deprivation, and think of it simply as 'lying aVake,' as an adventure un sought and somewhat unpleasant, to be sure, but to be taken as philo sophically, even as negligently, as possible." The change of definition in Itself is likely to accomplish good deal and incidentally to strengthen the probability of obtain ing sleep by lessening the strain of expectation. Otherwise there is not much that is new in the method suggested. To say to one's rebellious body, "quietly with authority, over and over, "I for bid you to disturb me'," as the writer has done, is only to invoke a prtn ciple that presupposes exceptional control by the body of the mind "Filling ones mind with pictured suggestions of relaxation and repose is a not modern "cure" for insomnia. One should learn carefully to shep herd one s thoughts, as the autho says, but having done so one will have perfected the very technique it self. The diversions of "recounting in alphabetical order the names xf the cities or towns of my nativ state" does not differ from countin a million sheep, as nearly every suf ferer has done, or fr.om conjuring u words to synchronize with the tick ing of the clock. The friendly refuge of the book Is a sane form of accept ance or the sUDstitutlon of lying awake" for "sleeplessness," but it is open only to those who enjoy j-ead lng. There are a good many who do not. The germ of the entire scheme is found in the statement that there is no warrant whatever for the fear that "loss of sleep Is bound to result in mental and physical breakdown and that "if we can lie quietly an content till sleep does come, that rest will be half as refreshing as sleep Itself." vThere are few sleepless persons who get as little sleep as they think they do. "No testimon should be more implicitly disbelieved than that of the sleepless," for the very plausible reason that the desire for sleep is "so primitive, so com pelling, that it reduces the victim to the most childish emotions and al lows him to indulge in a self-con-icern and self-pity of which he would be most heartily ashamed In a nor mal state." Sleep that does indeed "knit up admitted not to the ravell'd sleave of care" Is need ful, but not Indispensable to the ex tent that most persons believe It is. It is useful to know the value of rest without sleep. And here the cure is likely to have been accomplished. Sleep, being like happiness, in that "it comes quickest to those who do not clutch anxiously at her skirts," comes at length In pure " perversity and the thing is done. ROADSIDE MANNERS. It ought not to take all the joy out of roadside picnicking, to make it compulsory on wayfarers to clear up the visible evidences of their visits to the shady dells and quiet glades chosen by them for rest and refresh ment. So there will be something left even after every state has en acted a law such as that made in the New York legislature to penalize the leaving of waste papers or other refuse in such places, and particu larly along public highways. The ill. although it did not pass at the last session, will be revived, and meanwhile it is to be hoped that it may serve as a text for public edu cation everywhere. The forest pathologist of the New York state conservation commis- ion, in a report which is summar ised In the New York Sun and Herald, says that on the edge of a beautiful pine grove bordering on a highway he inventoried the follow ing evidence that many persons are thoughtless and inconsiderate of others and have no proper sense of what is due in reverence to a pleas ing landscape: Three hundred and forty piece of pews. aper, sixty-four paper napkins, three pasteboard box.es, thirteen paper plates. seven tin -cans, four sardine boxes, six bottles, numerous pieces of cantaloupe rind, banana peel and bread. The articles, the pathologist re ports, were contained In a space of ot more than ten square rods. It is ntlrely credible, as any picnicker in thls part of the country can testify out of the fullness of his own expe- -ience. Those who desecrate the andscape ultimately impair their own pleasure, for they are constantly looking for unspoiled places in which to disport themselves, and presently, unless they mend their ays. there will be none left. Oregon has a law designed to pro tect the highways and for private owners .of property there is a remedy in forbidden .trespass, but the latter n practice is difficult to invoke and few care to be annoyed by the re sponsibility. Enforcement would be worth while in both instances, in the interest of clean scenery and public ducation. Those who consider their fellow men will not suffer: others do ot deserve to escape without pen alty. A little roadside litter, some thousands of times duplicated, at tains In the aggregate almost the proportion of a great abuse. The North China Star, published at Tientsin, has celebrated its second anniversary by Issuing a special number descriptive of the city which is its home. It naturally deals with the Caucasian part of the city and tells of its commerce, its banks, its residences and amusements. Inter est attaches to the article on Its struggle for access to the sea, be cause it is a matter of dredging and diking, but made more severe by frequent floods. As Portland com merce with China grows, we shall become better acquainted with Tientsin. An aged man of Salem, being taken to a hospital in the car that hit him, was again Injured when the car turned turtle in a ditch, where the agitated driver ran it. The aged victim, whose Injuries are slight, should cease to worry. He is as near immune as they grow in Salem. Governor Cox says Bryan Is all right- ' And Mr. Bryan, by answer- ng nothing and leaving his heart in the grave, retorts plainly enough that he thinks the governor Is all wrong. Mr. Burns, generally right in his deductions of crime, says the Wall street explosion was the work of Reds. That settles that. Now hire Mr. Burns to catch them. Another negress has been arrested for stealing money from a farmer she picked up on the 6treet." The farmer who is color blind would bet ter stick to the farm. An Englishwoman betrothed for 30 years has just arrived in this country to marry. In this environ ment naturally she willl'ginger up." Cox is trying to entice Bryan by soft flattery, but the "Beerless Lead er" knows where he is at with his heart still in the grave. Coincident with the drop in Fords, price increase is announced in Pierce Arrows. For once, everybody should be satisfied. Poor old Charley Comiskey has the sympathy of every lover of sport In the revelations of his crooked players. It would bo interesting to know how many of these Vancouver mar riages get into the Oregon divorce courts. Dissolution of the firm of Klaw & Erlinger will be much like keep ing pepper and salt in separate cup-boarias- Sugar profiteers stand more in awe of the law of supply and de mand than of the anti-profiteering law. Merely because the government classifies a drink as "hard" doesn't necessarily mean it's hard to take. Now there's talk of impeaching Burleson. They ought to be able to get him as a common nuisance. Sugar takes another drop. One of these days a pound of candy may not cost any more than a Ford. . It is an unusual day when a Chi cago packer is not indicted some where for something. Portland is just chummy enough to want Seattle to win against the Coast Defenders. It will be Brooklyn against Cleve land, with nothing in sight for the gamblers. Luckiest concern on earth the Oregon state fair! What weather!' After the state fair comes the big little show at Gresham. The sky is blue and the clouds fleecy as of yore, - BT.rKODlCTS OK TUB TIMES Earthqaake Recalls Interesting His tory ot Lap-Dog War Waged by Pisa. A city of 10,000 skyscrapers be fore Peter Minuit bought Manhattan Bland for the present price of a sup per at a Broadway cabaret. A city that warred and traded with empires, yet plunged into a dis astrous struggle with a rival city over the rights to a lap dog. A city which was seised after a Florentine Hobson "bottled . up' its harbor entrance with sunken boats six centuries before the battle off Santiago bay." Such, according to a bulletin from the Washington, D. C. headquarters of the National Geographic society, is Pisa- whose leaning tower was en dangered by recent earthquake trem ors in Italy. "A flourishing town when Rome was a very mean city indeed, Tisa was nurtured during the heyday of the empire and was among the first of the Italian cities to emerge from that chrysalis into a robust inde pendence. "Indicative of Pisa's importance in the 13th century was her sending an ambassador to Rome. Thereby h&nga the story of the lap. dog. During the coronation ceremonies of Frederick II the Florentine emissary admired the lap dog of a certain cardinal, so that dignitary promised to give the tiny animal to Its admirer. Next dayt the Plsan ambassador said a few kind words about the same dog, end the cardinal Just as readily promised It to him. The Florentine sent for his gift, and got it; the Plsan sent, and received an apology. Florentines be gkn Joking the Pisans about this in cldent, and fights ensued on the Roman streets. When the Plsan home folks heard this it gave them an ex cellent chance to p'ck a quarrel that had long been stm.nerlng. A sort ot medieval Boston tea party was staged by the Pisans, who seized all the en emy merchandise within their reach, and thus precipitated the first of a series of wars with Florence which culminated in the subjection of Pisa by her long-time rival. "Were a super Rip Van Winkle of medieval Pisa to come with his latter day compatriots to Ellis island In 1920, not only the national bird of his adopted land, but the skyscraper line of New York might make him feel at home. "Towers they were called, these Pisa skyscrapers, huddled together for all the world like groups of tall apartment houses. Two reasons are assigned for this method of building, sommon to Italian towns of the 12th century. One was that the walls per mitted only vertical expansion when population pressure increased. An other, believable in view of the con stant factional fights and family feuds, attributed them to the neces sity for protection. Bridges that could be thrown from tower to tower further suggested the skyscraper likeness. On these precursors of the modern fire escape many a com munity battle has raged. "All of which goes to prove that Pisa's interest lies far deeper than the architectural curiosity that has made it famous. Even the tower served humanity well, aside from be coming the most effective bit of city advertising yet devised, for It per mitted Galileo, a native of Pisa, to carry on his experiments with the laws governing the pendulum." . h -That Holland has been able to with stand the waters of the North Sea and hold the lands laboriously wrested .from it is due largely to a defense af forded by grasses, whose deep and widely penetrating roots tind the sand together in a network of strong fibers, defying the encoachment of the waves. These grasses, whose creeping roots are really underground stems, do much useful work along our own At lantic seacoast, holding the soil in place and preventing valuable tracts from literal destruction. On Cape Cod since very early days they have been systematically planted for protective purposes. The principal soil binding grass native to Cape Cod and all the coast from Massachusetts to Maryland is called "marram." South of Mary land, it Is replaced by "bitter panic" grass, which extends to Florida and around to the Gulf of Mexico. Others, native to the south, are "creeping panic" and "St. Augustine" graBs. The town and harbor of Province- town, on Cape Cod, owe their preser vation to marram. At one time Prov- incetown had a beach grass com mittee, clothed with power to enter any man's landed property, summer or winter, and plant marram if the nd was uncovered or movable. Sandstorms, once the terror of the town, were thus entirely prevented. Marram has been introduced along the California coast to bind sand dunes and prevent them from over running farm land. It is otherwise known as the "sand reed," and its roots often attain a length of 25 or 30 feet, becoming closely interwoven, so as to form a sort of mat. These roots make good ropes, and in Europe coarse mats are woven of them for household use. A professor was supervising the erection of a telescope. He learned that & gun was fired every noon and was anxious to know how the sys tem worked. He accordingly sought an Interview with the gunner and asked- how he knew just when to give the signal. "Oh. I look at my watch," replied the gunner. "And how do you correct, your watch?" asked the professor. "I take it to the watchmaker in the next town," explained, the sol dier, "and h-e tells me the error." Forthwith the professor interviewed Uie watchmaker and asked him to explain how he checked the error of the gunner's watch. "I always get the correct time from the gun." was the reply. Boston Post. Rev. Karl Schwarta. rector of the Church of the Savior, Syracuse, N. Y., has received from Kyoto, Japan, a bell that for 600 years hung in a Buddhist temple. As soon as a proper place can be prepared for It, the bell will be hung and dedicated for use In the service of Christ. The bell, which is of bronze, weighing 753 pounds, has been obtained as a result of a wish expressed 20 years ago by Dr. Schwartz to his brother.a medical mis sionary in Japan, who has ever since been trying to obtain one. One priest was found at last whose temple was in financial straits and the purchase was arranged. Those Who Come and Go. Barometers sre mighty handy things id have along the coast, ac cording to H. V. Alley ot Nehaletn, who, with H. M. Farmer of Clover dale, is in Portland on road matters. Messrs. Farmer and Alley are com missioners of Tillamook county. For 30 years Mr. Alley has used a "glass," and he declares that it is a nilshty valuable household article. The ba rometer Indicates where there will be long, heavy rain, and the farmers along the coast can regulate their work accordingly. Mr. Alley, how ever, says he doesn't know whether the barometers are used much by the dairymen of hie county. Before the railroad was built into Tillamook town there were barometers at all i the centers of interest, such as the hotel lobby, the drugstore, the cigar , stand and the barber shop, and the ! reading on the "glass" was always good for a conversational subject. "There has been six Inches of rain in the Coos bay country this month. The record Is 9.73 Inches, which fell in 1914." said Engineer Chandler of the highway department, who has charge of that district. "The rains have Interfered with the completion of the hiehway betwien Marshfield and Coquille, but this road will be finished this season. There are about 4 miles to complete and there are three concrete mixers available. With about 25 good working days the pave ment can be laid. Of course. It will have to be let alone for a few weeks in order to cure, but unless something unforeseen occurs Marshfield and Co quille will be connected by a good highway this winter." Til have the pavement all laid from the California line to Ashland this ye-arJ predicted Oskar Huber, contractor, who is In town for a few days. Mr. Huber has the lart section on the southern end of the Pacific highway. He is paving over the Sis kiyou hump and Is working down into the valley toward Ashland. There are 20 miles to be paved. When this section is finished there will be an uninterrupted stretch of hard-surface pavement from the California line to Gold Hill. At present Mr. Huber is hustling to get as much accomplished possible before the enow begins to fly. Recently he had to shut down his plant because a forest fire in the reserve on the California side burned the poles carrying his power line. The other day John Goss found himself at Bandon. It had been rain ing torrents. Mr. Goss tried to hire an automobile to get him to Coquille, but could not do so, nor could be hire a horse and rig. The road to Coquille was almost impassable and the Seven Devils road, from Bandon to Manshfield was out of commission from the -rains. Mr. Goss finally ex tricated himself by ascending the Coquille river in a boat. Represent Ing the Marshfield chamber of com merce. Mr. Goss arrived in Portland yesterday. Judge Sawyer of Bend and Com missioner Miller of Deschutes county were making their monthly pilgrim age to Portland yesterday and loafed around room 500 in the courthouse, along with half a score of other county judges and commissioner. The Deschutes delegation managed to get pretty good assurances that there would be road activities in that county next year. The delegates particular ly asked that the grade to Horse Ridge be graveled, for this will give a pretty good road to Millican and beyond that point across the desert there Is a natural road. Stanfield is the center of the alfalfa world, according to O. L. Dunning, wno Is registered at the Hotel Ore gon irom mat place. A rew years ago Stanfield was as fine an expanse of sagebrush and sand as could be found anywhere In America, but now the green fields of alfalfa extend for miles. Alfalfa, by the way, came to America with the Spaniards when they started trrelr conquest of Mon tezuma. How many people in Oregon know tnat mere Is a town on the map named Jamleson? n ell, there is such a place, even though the population irt considerably less than 100 souls. vv. J. Morrison has left the little settlement on v illow river in, Mai heur county to come to Portland and register at the Hotel Oregon. Just before the armistice wa signed Lieutenant O. S. Peabodv, 1: charge of cavalry, swung around be hind the German lines, an exploit which was somewhat unique, even among the many strange things of the late unpleasantness. The lieutenant, with Mrs. Peabody, arrived in Port land yesterday and they are regis tered at the Hotel Washington. Amomg the rarely heard of towns which were noted on hotel registers yesterday was Guidane. which Elvin Corley emblazoned on the book at (he Hotel Oregon. Guidane, explains Mr. Corley, Is 2o milos southwest of Pilot Rock, which played an import ant part in the immigrant days. Guidane is an Buller creek in Umatilla county. R. H. Bunnell of Klamath i3 the tallest county judge in the state. He was in Portland yesterday with a couple of the county commissioners and made a dicker with the state highway commission which insures the construction of two of the most important roads In Klamath county next year, or at least the construction of a large part ot these two highways. LODGES AFFILIATIONS OF CANDI DATES. PENDLETON, Or.. Sept. 27. (To the Editor.) Please inform me if Sena tor Harding and Governor Cox, presi dential candidates, are members of the Masonic fraternity. I know that 14 American presidents were Masons, including George Washington "raised" in 1753 in Lodge No. 4, Fredericks burg. Va.; James JJuchanan, Lodge No. 47, Lancaster. Pa.: James K. Polk, Lodge No. 31, Columbia, Tenn.. An drew Jackson, who was grand master In 1823 of the A. F. & A. M. o( the state of Tennessee: Andrew Johnson, Lodge No. 119, Greenville, Tenn.; James A. Garfield, Loiise, No. 30, Co lumbia, O.; William McKlnJcy, who was made a Mason in 1865, in lodge No. 21, Winchester. Va.; Theodore Roosevelt, Lodge No. 806, Oyster Bay. N. Y. and William H. Taft, Lodge No. 385, Cincinnati. Ohio. Doubtless all of our other presi dents, supported in effect. Masonic principals and were thus guided by "temperence, fortitude, prudence and justice. REPORTER. Both Senator Harding and Governor Cox are members of the masonic fraternity. Reports have been cir culated that Senator Harding was an entered apprentice Mason, but an article from the New Age of Septem ber, the official organ of the supreme council 83d degree. Ancient and Ac cepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, is here produced: Wa are just in receipt of a letter from the secretary of Marion lodge. No. 70. A. F. A A. M. of Marion. Ohio, conveyinff the information that Senator Harding, republican candidate for the presidency of the United Stat&s. is a master Mason holding his membership in that lodge. In the August issue of the New Age -we stated that Senator Harding was an en tered apprentice. We are glad to make the correction. The. secretary of Marlon lodge writes that Senator Harding ts a Knight of Pythias, an Elk. holds mem bership in the Sons of the American Hevoiution and is a trustee of Trinity Baptist church, all of which Information he offers In testimony of tho senator's thorouen American patriotism. John Burroughs' Nature Notes.. CAN YOU. ANSWER THESE O.IES- TIOXS. 1. When do crows flock? 2. How do squirrels tell a false nut from a good one? 3. How does the growth of a weed progress during the months? Answers in tomorrow's nature notes. Answers tp Previous Queattons: 1. Do Baltimore and orchard orioles differ in, their habits? The Baltimore oriole makes free use of strings in its nest building, and the songs of different birds ot this species vary greatly, while the or chard oriole makes no use of strings, so far as I have observed, and Its song Is always and everywhere the same. What makes wolves and foxes avoid poisoned meat? olves and foxes soon learn to be afraid of poisoned meat; Just what gives them the hint it would be hard to say, as the survivors could not know the poison's deadly effect from experience: their fear of it probably comes from seeing their fellows suf fer and die after eating it- Also, the poison probably changes the odor of the meat, and this strange smell would naturally put them on their guard. 8. What are the similarities ana the differences between fall and spring? Spring is the inspiration, fall the expiration. Both seasons have their equinoxes, both their filmy, hazy air, their ruddy forest tints, their cold rains, their drenching fogs, their mystic moons; both have the same solar light and warmth, the same rays of the sun; yet, i'1er all. how dif ferent tho feelln&. which they in spire! One is the morning, the other the evening, one Is youth, the other is age. (Rishts Reserved by Houiehton Mifflin Co.) FUNDAMENTAL LAW IN DANGER Article X of League Pact litres Vndae Power to Council ot Mar, PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Ed itor.) Recently in an editorial The Oregonian said: "As a political Issue the league Is reduced to prejudicial discussion Instead of careful analy sis." hy la It that so far careful analysis has been avoided? Judgtlng from letters from the people in The Oregonian, as well as other papers. the people desire to know more about the league, especially about article X. The language used In article X Is so plain and so expressive of author ity that no one should be left in doubt as to its full meaning, that if the senate ratifies the treaty with the covenant, including article X as now written, congress may be called upon to declare war. This would be dele gating its sole power to declare war to another agency, an act for which congress has no authority whatever, and would be in violation of the con stitution. If one clause could so eas-' lly be nullified, other provisions would at all times be subject to a like fate, and the result would be chaos. In accepting article X the United States would "undertake to respect the territorial integrity of ail mem bers ot the league." This undoubt edly means that the one point, "self determination of subject people,", is not to be raised within the league. If anyone should hold out. any hope to any subject peoples, that, if placed in the position so to do, he would present their cause before the as sembly or the council of the league, he will not be in & position to live up to their expectations without break ing the promise to a member of the league to respect the territorial in tegrity of the same. The mere inti mation that the territorial integrity is subject to discussion mipht in some cases be considered an unfriendly act. By accepting article X the United States would "undertake to preserve as against external aggression, the territorial Integrity of all members of. the league." In case of any such aggression or In case of any threat or danger of such aggression, the council "shall" advise upon the means hy which this obligation "shall" be fulfilled. If it is to be by armed forces, congress would be obliped to use its sole power to employ the armed forces of the United States at the bidding of other powers. The hope of some supporters or the league lies in the fact that "the discussions of the coun cil shall be unanimous." If the repre sentative of the United States de clines to make it unanimous on In structions from congress or for other reasons, there would be no more pow er behind the league than there is now. The other members of the league say they now lack the strength and the means to enforce their decisions. Besides, can the rep resentative of the United States in the council be counted upon at all times to remember that congress alone has "sole power to employ the armed forces of the United States or declare war?" Why not say "the United States reserves the right to decide whether or not to employ armed forces to enforce the decisions of the council of nine?" Bettor that than breaking a treaty or submitting to super-government. That the diplomats of the other powers know the contents of the con stitution of the United States and the difficulties and opposition to ratifica tion that would arise is shown by the mere proposal of a separate un dertaking by which England and the United States agree to come to the assistance of France in case of an other invasion. Universal peace is much to be desired. It is the goal right-thinking men hope to attain, but it is not likely to come to pass by political and diplomatic settle ments, which have always proved to be compromises only, leaving the soedis of future dissensions and strife. MAX KRAMER. TAPS. Lo! thou art born to them who sleep Where flowers grow and erass is deep, WhtM bugle call and cannon shot And beating drums disturb them not From dreamlass sleep in soldier shroud. Unmindful of the storm and cloud. Few days ago I aw the spark Of life in eyes that now'are dark; Heard music in sweet accents come From lips that now are hushed and dumb Eyes that are closed and do not see And lips that rpeak no more to me. Once side by side our marching feet Kept measure to the drum's loud beat. But thou art gone a farther way Upon life's march than I today. And far along that endless track Shalt nevermore come marching back. Oh, thou are of them! Cannon Bhot At reveille shall wake thee not Since last for thee the bugle blew To east and west the long tattoo; Since first for thee in thy decaasa The night wind whispered holy peace. CLAUDE WEIMER BUI of Unlicensed Physician. ASTORIA, Or., Sept. 27. (To the Editor.) Can a doctor who has no license to practice in Oregon sue for services rendered in this state and get by with it? G. A. In the opinion of District Attorney Evans of Multnomah county, the debt is for services rendered illegally, be cause ot the lack of a license, and would fall into the class of gambling debts, for which suit to collect can not be maintained. More Truth Than Poetry. By James J. Montague. SOMETHING WRONG SOMEWHERE. Still speeds on Its course the terres- lial bail. The rains still descend, and the tides rise and fall: The sun moves along from east to the west . Yet somehow we feel that all's not for the best. Some doom is impending thousrh still out of sight An ominous portent that things can't ne right The outlook is gloomy, the future looms bleak For William J. Brvan refuses to speak. The voice that has wakened re-echo ing cheers From leather-lunged thousands for forty-odd years. The socents that rouse Arizona and Maine And the states In between 'em through every campaicn And bade fair to keep going for forty years more Are as still as a clam on a surf- beaten shore. Some spirit of evil among us must stalk If William J. Bryan, has run out of talk! In vain the reporters swarm round by the score And, careless of grammar, ask "Who are you for?" In vain speakers' bureaus Implore from that throat So fluidly fluent, one clarion note. Why even the Commoner's losing the bite His eloquence gave it he won't even write. Alas, there has dawned a precarious day When William J. Bryan has nothing to day! If Wilson declared that the country had need Of the counsel of statesmen like Johnson and Reed, If David Lloyd George should tomor row decree That Ireland is, and of right should be free. If Carrie C. Catt In ft magazine wrote That women aren't fitted or worthy to vote. That nation would shudder with shiv ery thrills But shudders still more at this silence of Bill's. -s One Exceprlea. v There Is little good to be said about war. but at least it kept most of our prize fighters at useful work In the shipyards. a A Shining Example. A successful man has to gpt around a pood deal. Look at Babe Ruth, for instance. True Loyalty. Evidently the Giants thought they ought to get licked as often as their manager did. Self-Appraisement. Ily Gram K Hall. How much within the volume bound In leather blue and gold. Have you in reading ever found? What has the author told? Have you in following his thought Gone slowly line by line. To grasp the riches he has brought- To life, through gift divine? One follows o'er enchanted trails And sees more than the words Thrills to the rapture of the vales, And hears the songs of birds; Another, plodding densely down A path with magic fcheen. Will read with ever growing frown And wonder what you mean. A cup will hold its fill, no more. Though much may wasted be. And though that limit we deplore In its capacity. There is no reason for disdain ' Each vessel measures true. And each man, in his little brain. Is wiser far than you! In Other Days. Twenty-five Years Ago. From The Oregonian of September 2ft. New York. By defeating New York five to two yesterday Balti more won the National league pen nant. Salem, Or. Perfect weather helped make the fourth day of the fair the most successful of the week, the at tendance reaching 4000. The annual Methodist conference now meeting at the Taylor - street church will take up the question of ramoval of the medical department of Willamette university from Port land to Salem. Circulars put out yesterday n nouueo that ex-congressman W. J. Bryan, free silver advocate, will speak at the New Park theater tomorrow night. Fifty Lears Ao. Krnm Tha Oregonian of September IS. 16T0. perlin. In the surrender of Strass burg. signed yesterday. .451 officers and 17.000 men laid down their arms. Olympia. Wash. Census of Wash ington territory Just completed shows 23,450 Inhabitants, as compared with l-r.534 In 1S60. William Bond, of Erie county. Fa . is here looking for farming land on .which to locate a colony of 50 fam ilies desiring to come from Pennsyl vania to Oregon. Work has been suspended on the Portland custon house and postoffice for the present, but grading of the block is being completed. Dental Sebools In Ban Francisco. HEPPNER, Or., Sept. 17. (To the Editor.) Kindly tell me If there Is a school or dental laboratory in San Francisco which teaches mechanical dentistry exclusively. A READER. The North Pacific college here knows of no school in San Francisco which teaches mechanical dentistry exclusively. The only one ot which they have information is a school in New York. There are schools in San Francisco which teacn, mechanical dentistry, but not as an exclusive course. Constitutional Question Raised. PORTLAND, Sept. 28. (To the Edi tor.) Does section 9, paragraph 6, of article 1 of the constitution of the United States have any bearing on the order of the shipping board, which places the Port of Portland un der the Jurisdiction of the regional headquarters of the shipping board at Seattle. Wash.? This paragraph reads: No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce) or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another, nor shall vessels bound to or from on state be obliged to enter, ciaar, or pay auttes in umimei. in. rv. Seer Makes Prediction Judge. Seer Looking backward. I can see you a Cleopatra Client Sure thing! I played her in stock two seasons ago. ,i