Image provided by: University of Oregon Libraries; Eugene, OR
About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (June 9, 1920)
4 . 4 . 10, TOE 3IORMXG OREGOXIAX,- WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9, 1920 WILSON DYNASTY AMERICA'S MENACE, SAYS HENRY CABOT LODGE "We Make the Issue," Senator Declares "Around League Must Be Waged 1920 Presidential Campaign.' v-. nHICAGO, June . The cuntry to present, a dilemma from which he must drive President Wilson and I believed there was no escape. In or- der to have peace with Germany, he meant to compel the senate to accept with it the league of nations. "The republicans of the senate, per ceiving the dangers of the league, de termined to resist Mr. Wilson's de mand. The American people will never accept that alliance with foreign na tions proposed by the president. The president meantime has remained in flexible. Me is determined to have that treaty as he brought it back or nothing, and to that imperious de mand the people will reply in tones which cannot be misunderstood. Question Goes to People. "We have stopped ilr. Wilson's treaty and the question goes to the people. In 1916, Mr. Wilson won on the cry that 'he had kept us out of war.' He now demands the approval of the American people for his party and his administration on the grounds that he has kept us out of peace. The league must be discussed in every dis trict and in every state and we desire to have the verdict so .clearly given that no man who seeks to represent the people in the senate, in the house nr in anv nlftrd in anv , .rrn Pnn I lstratlon and government which is not , ""iT.r j ... . vy I American. His me doubt as to his his "dynasty" from power and defeat the league of nations as he de-- sires it, declared! Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, temporary chairman of the re TZpublican national convention, in his keynote address here today. 2 Xefendinsr the senate's opposition to Jfte treaty of peace as a high and patriotic duty, the senator flung down fchja gauntlet: - 'We make the Issue: we ask ap probation for what we have done. The jeople will now tell us what they think of Mr. Wilson's league and the Jsjrifice of America." vWhile emphasizing the point that ifnund the league must be waged the 5at0 presidential campaign and de leting much of his speech to ,ar aignment of the Wilson administra tion, the senator found time to lay fore the delegates the stand of the republican party or. other salient Jfoblems facing the nation. " J Action South Demanded. " "Chief among these was Mexico. De claring it was time for the United states to take a firm hand in things Mirn and end the "disgraceful rec ord" of the last seven years. Senator have the slightest xdge urged that this country let duty. ihe Mexicans choose as their presi- "We make the issue: we ask ap- tient some strong and upright man probation for what we have done. The 'who Is friendly to the United States people will now tell us what they and determined to establish order and think of Mr. Wilson's league and its then lend him a real and cordial sup- sacrifice of America. port. "They (the people), will tear aside "Mexico lies at our doors," he de- the veil of words woven to blind and 'clared. "It is a primary duty for us deceive and come down to the essen- to deal with it under the Monroe doc- tial and vital point Mr. Wilson.'s ! trine, but nothing has been done, and plan on one side and the independence yet we are asked to take a mandate and safety of the United States on .for Armenia." the other. All Americans must join Salient points made by Senator in their own way and with their own ' l.odKe were: . arguments defeat Mr. Wilson's league " "Mr. Wilson and his dynasty, his as he desires it, whether amended by heirs and assigns, or anybody that is him or in its pristine simplicity." !hls. anybody who with bent knee has Possible Dangers Cited. . ;erved his purpose, must be driven Senator Lodse charged the demo- .frorn all control, from all influence cratie party With responsibility for the VPon the government of the United ..perious conditions of the hour." and States. said If the republican party fails to Z Wilson Theory Denounced. grapple with it effectively, "the Rus- ' They must be driven from office sian descent into barbarism will begin WLH& power, not because they are dem- to draw near." .ocrats, hut because Mr. Wilson stands A beginning had been made, he said, ;for a theory of administration and by a republican congress in restoring .government wheih is not American. economic conditions, "working under The return of the democrats to all the difficulties and opposition im- power with Mr. Wilson or one of his posed by a hostile executive." He disciples still the leader and master of enumerated various beneficial meas- the party, which before his advent ures, adding that the estimates had ? possessed both traditions and prin- been reduced over $1,000,000,000. He rviples, would be a long step in the advocated enforcement of the laws ."direction of the autocracy for which against profiteering and said it was ,Mr. Wilson yearns and a heavy blow possible to check the advance of prices Ao the continuance of free repre- by law, by providing for "the con- tentative government as we have al- trol of credits in such manner as to ways conceived and venerated it. give preference to the most essential '.. ."Mr, Wilson and the autocracy he products." He declared the railroad Represents and all which those who act "as a single great law which in ielieve in his doctrines and share his any period would be sufficient to dis- ' "spirit represent, must be put aside tinguish congress as one of high ac- and conclusively excluded from any complishments." future control. Senator Lodge's speech in full fol- - "The defeat of the present adminis- lows: tration and all it means, transcends Moment Is Called Solemn. 1n importance every other question We are m(.t here to take the fjrst the ..and all immediate and dominant is- most derisive step in the political cam- ."ues arc bound up with it. Without paign which is to determine the party that defeat everv chance of the right control of thin great goverrunent for the fetttement of the mighty questions 'our -'ars- " is aK""lemn mom'nt- befor. us. So sorely needed now and "'"oV VPXr " .not later, will depart. i jafi here "on this bank and shoal of " I Government for All Aim. time" to pause for an instant whjle we u ... i . , . n glance swiftly upon the scene In which To maintain law and order and a we are to fiRht our batlle Behind us Utahle government wnere justice ruies i ljOB tne greatest war of history, now for jtnd. the rights or all men, nign ana i the most part fallen silent, together with 'low. rich and Door, shall be protected, I all the hideous advances of scienue in n,,,at h.v, ii rnvcrnnifiit of the methods of taking human life, which bat- eop,e. duly chosen by the people, and UmpUTaaVbslae "Eft "thlf'ocean s.l never must there be permitted any heaves and rolls with crestina; waves, while government by a single man or by a the dead seas of the ttorm, which has frroup of men, or by an organiaea passed, crash sullenly against the shores 'minority. that shelter and sustain the vast fabric " "Many vital economic measures and which we are wont to call our civilization. ... . . iaioi...irtB We find ourselves gazing upon the prob- sprcially protective tariff legislation lrms whh (j convu, Xo guard our industries, are impossible s)on has left to us and wit, which we with a democratic free trader of so- must cope and cope successfully If we cialistic proclivities in the White are to rebuild and again move onward. House. To accomplish such measures The mined towns, the broken industries, as these, we must have, as we intend the desolated farms are there before our a v ,kii. nroilont in eyes wherever the battles were fought, to have, a republican president, in c'oullt,ets ,,ule mouri(js mark le restine; sympathy with a republican house and piaccs of the dead in the fields and on senate. the hillsides torn and gashed by shot and -"The rise of prices, the high cost shell. of living which reach daily into every lots of Youth Irreparable. liOme, is the most pressing, as it is Signals ot mourning throughout the the most difficult and most essential world' tell us of the irreparable losses of problem which confronts us. Some of all nations, which have swept away such th iourcpi of this trouble can be an appalling portion of the youth of trie sources or tnis iroume can oe cy a thoj)e (n whom wcre centered reached by legislation, although not the hopes and strength of the future. The all. but everything that can be ef- splendor of the achievement of our sol- fected by law should be done at once, diers and sailors," their dauntless courage . and unshrinking service will always re- Profltecrlng Must Go. man on(. of tho proudest memories In the "Profiteering, charging of extor- history of the republic. But the dead tlonate and unjustified prices, which return not and the shadow of the great '1s stupid as well as unlawful, are sub- sorrow for those forever gone will never Ject now to ample punitive laws, bo lifted from the hearts of the people i , , . , , . , . 4, , , who sent them forth to battle. The mate- .Those laws should be enforced, others or result!, is. iike the spir it necessary added, and the offenders, iuaIi evcr Wjth us. We feel In daily life .liOth great and small, should be pur- the grinding pressure of the vast debts sued and punished. and heaped up taxes which have been '., "The most essential remedy for high Piled up on our shoulders and upon those costs (of livinc is to keeD un and l Posterity. Great empires have been TOSis toi nuns to aeep up ana t f tho eartri, ancient monarchies increase production, and particularly ha Vr umbled In an hour and long es- Should every effort be made to ad- tabiished governments have tottered, fallen Vance the productivity of the farms. and passed away like a watch in the ". "The phrase 'government ownership' night. means not only that the government All thene things stare us in the face. , i .l . i, j , . . niprrf our attention and arrest our f"1' D""l'-"':r"u3'"",1 ":'a .thoughts But this is not all. and what railroads shall own the government. Ileneral government ownership under cur political system would Inevitably Jiring about the mastery of the gov ernment by those who operate the ma chinery of transportation or any other Industries which come into govern ment possession. The rights ot the! general public, for whom all indus tries exist, would disappear under this echeme and nothing would be left to 'Jh people except the duty of paying taxes to support the roads. - Americans Insulted. Murdered. ?Over 600 Americans have been Jrtljrdered ln Mexico. Carranza in cuilted the American government in .fct'ery possible way and still nothing 'was done. .We fell so low that when i-H American was seized by one of the yrrany bands of brigands and held for ransom, all that the government of the United States would do was to ifer to be the channel for conveying JHa ransom of their citizens to the highwaymen who had seized them. . ."We have watched and waited long enough. We need a firm hand at the halm. The time has come to put an fnd to tnia Mexican situation, which is-. a shame to the United State's and A. disgrace to civilization, if we are to take part in pacifying and helping the world, let us begin here at home, ' In Mexico. - "Let the Mexicans choose as their president some strong and upright man who is friendly to the United States and determined to establish or- der and then let the United States (rive him a real and cordial support. and so strengthen and uphold him that he will be able to exterminate the bandits and put an end to the un ceasing civil war. - World Pence Prevented. ' "When the armistice with Germany- was signed,. the course to be pursued was clear. . ". . That course was to make peace with Germany at once and then take up for reasonable con sideration the question of establishing such future relations with our asso ciates in the war as would make for ths future peace of the world. This Mr. Wilson prevented. .He went to Europe. "He had apparently only one aim. to be the maker of a league of which he should be the head. He was de termined that there should be a league of nations then and there, and in or der to nullify the powers of the sen ate ajiven by the -constitution of the United States, he decided to make the league an integral part of the treaty of peace with Germany. Thus he presented to the senate, and intended ditlons of tha hour. The only other or ganized political force strong enough to grapple with he encircling dangers is tho republican party. If that, too, fails and breaks down, the Russian descent into bar barism will begin to draw near. Such an end is inconceivable with the American people, but they must realize the peril and drive it back into the darkness whence it comes. "We, keepers of tho republican faith, must therefore succeed. We must not know defeat when the great responsi bility comes to our hands. To the service of 1860 we must add a like "service in l"-!6. Xo larger victory, at any time could be won by any political party. Ws must both earn and deserve it. We did not fail in the Civil war. We shall not, must not fall now. In order to render to our country the service which wo desire to render and which we can accomplish in large measure at least, if we undertake it with all our ability and in a disinterested public spirit, we must have the opportunity for service. That opportunity can only come through our being entrusted by the people, with both the legislative and executive author ity. To this end Mr. Wilson and his dy nasty, his heirs and assigns or anybody that is his, anybody who, with bent knee has served his purposes, must be driven from all control, from all influence upon the government of the United States. They must be driven from office and power, not because they are democrats, but because Sir. Wilson stands for a theory of admin- MAN WHO DELIVERED REPUBLICAN KEYNOTE ADDRESS. remains nerhaDs more than anything else. makes incredibly mitlcuii tno task which lies before us. one not to oe escaped but which will strain governments thods. his constant, if Indirect, assaults upon the constitution and upon all the traditions of free government, strike at the very life of the American principles upon which our government has always rested. The return of tho demo crats to power with Mr. Wilson or one of his disciples still the leader and master of a great party, which before his ad vent possessed both traditions and princi ples, would be a long step in the direction of the autocracy for which Mr. Wilson yearns and a heavy blow to the continu ance of free representative government as we have always conceived and venerated it. The peril inseparable from Mr. Wilson and his system goes far beyond all party divisions, for it Involves the fundamental question of whether the government of the United States xhall be a government of laws and not of n en, whether it shall be a free representative government or that of a dictatorship, resting on a plebescite carried by repeilant methods. Work of Redemption Vrged. Mr. Wilson and the autocracy he repre sents, and all which those who believe in his doctrines and share his spirit, must bft pur aside and conclusively excluded from any future control. Bear this well in mind throughout the campaign, for it 1 the first condition of our ability to enter upon the path which will carry us forward to true progress and to wiser laws. It is the path of Washington, of Lincoln and of Roosevelt from which Air. Wilson has sought to drag us. We can only regain it by once and for all condemning the man and his associates who have thus endeav ored to turn us from the right road Into the dark and devious ways which with all nations lead to destruction. We, there fore, make our appeal .for support to all who love America, to all. whatever party name they happen to bear, who sre true to tha faith of the fathers, to Join with us in this great work of redemption. The defeat of the present administration and all it means transcends in importance every other question, and all immediate and dominant lsues are bound up with It. Without that defeat every chance of the right settlement of the mighty questions before us, so sorely needed now and not later, will depart. The ground thus cleared. It is our first duty as Americans to re-establish certain essential principles which have been both shaken and Invaded shaken by the shock of war. invaded by those who had their own selfish purposes to servo even in the hour of the country s danger. The earliest beliefs of men reveal the trust of mankind in order, as the divine conqueror of chaos and eternal night. A famous poet tells us that "order la heav en s first law," and history repeats the injunction. Ail the civilization ever built up and treasured by mankind has rested upon the establishment of law and order. I. aw and order, tha suDDorts of true liberty, the firm foundutions of pros perity and progress, have always ruled in the United States and have been " very ucr to ine nearts or the American people. l ney must never be weakened or Impaired unless we are ready to see all that we have carefully built up go down in ruin and men forced once more into tho struggle against cnaos followed by the slow and toilsome climb out of the darkness of anarchy to iit iiciriil oi ireeaom ana accomplishment. jo maintain law and order and a stshls government where justice rules and the ngnis ot an men. high and low. rich and poor, snail oe protected, we must have government of the people, duly cbosen by -" ' na never must there be per- government by a single man or by a group of men or by an organized minority. Tyranny lurks In them all and true freedom withers when they ascend ..... iiiiuiif. intrt must oe Out one law this country, and that is the law framed by the men chosen by the people them- - iw jua&o me jaws. Kieentive's Duty Cited. Jne cnier magistrate must understand mat it is nis duty not only to enforce out to abide by the laws, the laws made by the representatives of the people and wnen tnose laws are once made they must be obeyed until the people see fit to change them. The will of the people expressed In lawful manner through the government of the United States must De supreme, lor tne government of the united states can neither suffer revni nor submit to any question of its authority on tne part or any man or any group of men or any minority of the people. When free government fails, autocracy and revo lution and the downfall of civilization, as we have known It, are at band. Progress will cease and the decline to lower stages of development win have begun. True progress must rest upon the sound principles which sustain all free govern ment and to such progress the republican parly always has been commit! ted. Loyalty to the United States and obed-ience to the people's laws are the cornerstones of the republic and should be sustained and up- neiu. oy every man ana woman In every f V 1 . mm In tlxe United State, government owner ship, wherever applied to an industry. whether it involves transportation or tele graph, and telephone communication or shipbuilding or manufacturing, la a very Inefficient and wasteful system, badly man aged and certain to be intolerably burden some to the taxpayers. This point it is not necessary to argue because tne country, through the demands of war. turned the railroads over to the government and we have had the painful privilege of observ ing the performance which followed. The government management which ensued was inefficient, the railroads were wretch edly conducted and money was spent and wasted with, a prodigality which nothing can defend. During the time in which tht government Undertook, to manage the rail roads they sustained, despite a generous increase in freight rales, a loss of over a million dollars a day and the total pay ments out of the treasury to support the railroads have reached the enormous sum of one and three-quarter billions of dol lars. There was universal dissatisfaction with the government management and ft was a just dissatisfaction. The experi ment failed and should not be renewed. Mexican Situation Reviewed. SENATOR HENRY CABOT LODUE, TEMPORARY CHAIRMAN. administration, arc conspicuous as our : drives prices upward. The most essen latest achievements. ! tial remedy for high costs is to kepe up The budget bill was vetoed by the prcsl-I and Increase production, and particularly Z '-u k .k- u iif,, worth living is tn l corner or our great land. Keep these survive. The wrecked towns, tne snai- tercd forts, the eflacen villages, mc -winding ships were not the only victims of the storm of war. Other things, the Im palpable possessions of the mind and heart, have in line ianinn and crippled. In the shock of war, tnrougn ong years of outer ponuwi, """ straints were loosened ana an tne h-diw. 11 the conventions, an tne cuMomn ui life, which more even than law nom so ciety together, were swept aside. one passion, one purpose to save the country. to save civilization 10 prewr. i rose supreme. It couia noi oe outer There could be In that hour but one quw tlon asked of men and women a loyal to your country and her cause, reaoy to work and to eacniice u t die for them?" If that single demand was rightly answered, nothing else- mat tered in those days of stress and anguish. No one inquired further. Great Adventure Over. So the war ended and victory came; the great adventure was over and men and women came back to find the old ways dull, the old life tame, the old restraints burdensome and they themselves possessed by a longing for excitement and a hun ger .for change unknown before. One sees the result in the restlessness which is everywhere; in the mere trifles of life, in dress, in amusements, in pleasure seeking, in the greed for money and the reckless ness of expenditure and, what is infinitely more serious. In the discontent with all forms of government or control and in the readiness and eagerness to destroy even the fundamental principles of a tree and orderly civilization without which law and order, organized society, the possi bilities of progress and the chance for happiness cannot exist. This state of mind, born of the war, is the gravest obstacle in the essential work of restoring a shat tered world and making the great victory a blessing to mankind. In order to suc ceed at all, we must understand this men tal and moral condition. We must allow for It. We must be very patient. We must steady our nerves. We must be tol erant and above all open-minded. . We must call on our common sense and self restraint. The complex problem cannot be evaded and.it must be dealt with In such a way as to prc?erve the founda tions of society and enable us, those once secured, to. advance steadily, never hur riedly but always in order, toward every reform, every improvement, every form of true progress which will help mankind. It is a gigantic task for any government or any party. No party and no govern ment can succeed unless they face It bravely, looking facts always in the face and determined to do their best never promising what they cannot perform and never yielding to the facile temptations of momentary success Hone Pat In Republicans. One of our great political parties has failed to meet nay. It is in a considerable measure responsible for, the perilous con- principlea sacred and untouched and the rest will follow. Let me turn first to the economic con ditions, so profoundly distorted and con fused by the war, which affect our dally life, are essential to our business and upon which our material prosperity and all the benefits, both mental and moral, which flow from It when honestly acquired, so largely ciepena. Already a beginning has ; been made by the republican congress, working under all the difficulties and op position imposed by a hostile executive. Many vital economic meaeures and espe cially protective tariff legislation to guard our industries are impossible with a demo cratic free trader of socialistic proclivities in the White House. To accomplish such measures as these we must have as we Intend to have, a republican president in sympathy with a republican house and senate. Great reductions in expenditures have been effected, but we have been met with resistance In some of the depart ments and also by habits of waste backed by maladministration, by sacrifice of ef ficiency to political purposes, never so recklessly Indulged in before, and In cer tain cases by an incompetency so marvelous that It cannot be due to nature but must ie the result of art. Yet despite all these fettering conditions an amount of work has been done which in days of peace would have been considered remarkable, but now passes almost unnoticed because great events have so crowded on each other's heels in the years of world war that the comprehension and appreciation of legislative accomplishment are well nigh lost. Let me give a few examples of what has been accomplished. Congress Achievements Reviewed. The estimates have oeen reduced over a billion dollars. The oil leasing and water- power bills, two measures of large effect and high importance which have been halting and stumbling for many years In the incapable hands of a democratic ad ministration, have passed both houses, but the president has vetoed the water-power bill. We have passed the vocational re habilitation act for the benefit of wounded soldiers and several acts for the disposition of war material, amended and improved the federal reserve ana the tarmers loan actus. We have cared for the soldiers of the civil war, straitened in their old age through the rise in prices by an increase in their pensions- The civil service retirement law, a long deferred act of justice to faithful servants of the government, has been passed. We have been - obliged to restore the army and navy to a peace footing, a work as difficult as it was necessary. v e have met this by two most Important measures, the army and navy pay bill ana tne law ior the reorganlza tion of the army on a peace basis. Two of the most important acts of any period the shipping act for the up-bulldtng of the American marine and the settlement of the affairs of the shipping board and the law establishing the budget, a great measure of economic and sound financial dent at the last moment on the ground that it interfered witU his power of ap pointment and removal. The list of beneficial laws, panned under adverse circumstances, might be largely extended did not time forbid. But these are enouph to show the far-reaching results of the labors of this congress whose time Is but little more than half spent. Some of the master minds of the democratic party are now chirruping away like incessant little birds that the republicans have done nothing.' I should be glad, omitting the two years of war when both parties worked together, to put the recorded ac complishment of the five years of com plete democratic control beside that of our 1$ months hampered by an inimical administration. Let me assure you that we do not fear the comparison. Mneh to Be Done. We have made a remarkable beginning, but we are full-- conscious that it is only a beginning. Much has been done, much more remains to do and we pledge our selves to exert all our energies to deal with what is still undone. The wreck and con fusion of a great war, in business, finance and all economic conditions, cannot be cleared away and fuliy readjusted in a year and a half nor indeed in twice that time. Reconstruction must be steady and energetic, but it also demands care if It is to be of lasting value. The rise of prices, the high cost of living which reaches dally into every home, is the most pressing as the most difficult and most essential problem which confronts us. Some of the sources of this trouble can be reached by legislation, although not all, but everything that can be effected by law should be done at once. Profiteering, the charging of extortionate and unjustified prices, which is stupid as well as un lawful, are subject now to ample punitive laws. Those laws should be enforced, others if necessary, added and the offenders, both great and small, should be pursued and punished, not In the headlines of news papers after the manner of the present attorney-general, but quietly, thoroughly and efficiently, in the courts of the united States. Something more in this direction can be accomplished by the proper regula tion of cold storage and a bill for that purpose has passed both, bouses and is now in conference. Another deep-seated cause of the rii of prices, more effective in its results although less obvious than profiteering, i the abnormal increase per capita of the circulating medium. This has doubled since the war began, and if in the space of a few years the amount of the circulating medium is doubled It has a most pro found effect in stimulating and ad vane Ing prices. During the war credits have been enormously Inflated and there have been large additions to the currency through the federal reserve banks. Here It is possible to check the advance "of prices by law. We can4 provide for the control or credits in such manner give preference to the most essential products. We are also able to reduce the amount of the circulating medium In the form or federal reserve bank notes, the authority having been given during the war to Increase the issue of these notes from two billions to four billions. It should be one of the first acts of con gress to deal with this essential point and it would have a- marked effect in reduc ing prices by steadying them and bring ing them down to a lower and more nor mal level. Production Mast Increase. The most potent remedy of all against advances in the high cost of living, how ever. 1 les In production, which cannot be reached directly by statutes. If production begins to fall and fall off. the cost of everything will be advanced by the sim ple iorce or scarcity, wnicn lneviiamy snouiu every ei tort be made to advance the productivity of the farms. Just how much the government can do in this dl rection is uncertain, but it can aid and support, and if anything can be done it must not be omitted or overlooked. At the same time it must not be forgotten that there Is a vast difference between the powers of the national government In tim of war and- those which it possesses in time of peace. The normal limitations peace times restrict very much the powers of the general government and In helping to increase the productivity of the farms, which must be done through govern men ctlon, the republican party promises to use every power in this direction whether within the state or federal Jurisdiction. I have touched upon this matter prices and the high cost of living be cause it Is altogether the most Important i domestic quest ion now before the country i and one to which the republican party ' should address itself without delay in every direction where help Is possible. 1 There are. of course, as I have taid, many ot her important economic questions to be dealt wttn, as speediiv as may be. but the time allotted to me makes It impossible to toucn upon them all. Railway Art Remarkable. There Is, however, one measure which cannot be passed over, a single great law which has been enacted and which in any period would be sufficient to distinguish congress as one of high accomplish ment. This is the railroad act. For six months able committees in both houses, committees where no party line was drawn, toiled day after day upon this most intricate of problems. There was much serious debate in both senate and house vnd then, the bi:l signed by the pres ident became law. No doubt time and experience will show that improvements in the act can be made, but In the main it Is a remarkable piece of legislation and in general principles Is entirely sound, and nothing could be more unfair than to crit icise the present owners contending with the legacy of mismanagement, waste and confusion bequeathed by the government when it returned the roads only three months ago. The railroad law possesses also an importance wholly distinct from its provisions, which have been framed with extreme care. This act declares a national policy and bo far as any law can do it establishes that policy as a rule of action. The policy embodied in the bill concedes at the outset that it is of course impossible to return to the old system, or lack of system, in the management of railroads. They must henceforth be under thorough government supervision and also the government must have over them s large measure of control. The transpor tation system of the country can no longer be suffered to continue without such su pervlslon and control. But the policy also represents trwi princinie that the govern ment must not assume the ownership of the railroads. Their operation and man sgement must be left n private ownership. The phrase government ownership means not only that the government shall own the railroads, ' but also it is to be feared t hat those who run the ra 1 1 roads shall own the government, (leneral government ownership, under our political systm, would inevitably brin about the mastery of the government by those who operate the machinery of transportation or of any other Industries which come into govern ment possession. The rights of, the gen eral public, for whom all Industries exist would disappear under this scheme and nothing would be left to the people ex cpt the duty of paying taxes to support the roads. That is a very perilous posl tion for a representative democracy. Our government must not be dominated by any one man or any class of any selected body of men who represent a part of tha peo ple and not the whole people. Moreover, From domestic affairs, which I have only roucnea upon Drieliy, let us turn to for etgn questions, to our relations with the world of other nations. Look first at one of the most pressing importance just beyond our own borders. Look at Mexico. For seven years the United States has been pursuing, unaer the direction of the pres ident, a policy of "watchful waiting." The president saw fit to intervene in Mexico. As a matter of fact, he made war upon Mexico, for in the taking of Vera Cruz we lost some 120 men in killed and wounded and several hundred unregarded. Incidental Mexicans were also either wounded or killed in the conflict. We went there to exact an apology for the treat ment of some of our sailors at Tampico. 1 he apology has never been given, but General Huerta was driven from power, which was the president's real purpose, and Mexico then fell into a slate of anarchy which, growing constantly worse. has continued to this day. The president saw fit to recognize Carranza. who was chosen by a military junta, as political chief. He thus furnished an essential support to the Carranza governmenti and what has been our reward? Our GOO Amer icans have been murdered In Mexico. some under circumstances of great bru tality. For these murders no reparation has been made. Oecorated by endless futile and useless notes they have gone on unchecked. To have been an American citizen In Mexico added to a man's danger. The words. "I am an American citizen instead of being a protection as they ought be, in every corner of the world, were an absolute peril to any one who was en titled to that high dist i net ion. Mexico teemed with German plots. The Mexi can government, largely the offspring of Mr. Wilson's recognition, did not support I us n the war, but gave aid so far as It was possible to the cause of our enemies. Yet we still continued to support Carranza. His government sent agents Into this country to foment industrial trouble and to bring on strikes. They allied them selves with the bolsheviat and anarchist elements. Nothing was done by the United States. Carranza insulted the American government In every possible way and still nothing was done. We fell so low that when an American was seized by one of the many bands of brigands and held for Vansom all that the gov ernment of the United States would do was to offer to be the channel for conveying the ransom of their citizens to the high waymen who had seized them. The mere statement feems incredible, but it Is in exact accordance with the facts In the case. Sttll nothing was done and we watched and waited. Naturally we lost our influence in Mexico and what was far tiore important, we lost the respect of the Mexican people by the manner in which we submitted to every sort of insult and outrage. Waiting Should Cease. We have watched and waited long enough. It Is time that this condition, disgraceful to us and ruinous to Mexico, should cease. We need a firm hand at the hHm. We need a man mho will think not only of the rights of the United State, but of the welfare of Mexico. The Mexican people would not resent the in fluence or intervention , of the United States If It only would help to bring them peace undr a president of their own choosing. The great mass of the Mexican people wish to work and earn money. They long to be able to sleep in peace and not be subject to pillage and outrage. Thousands of them look to us for help. Let . he Mexicans choose as their president some strong and upright man who is friendly to the United States and de- ermined to establish order and then let the United States give him a real and cordial support, and so strengthen and uphold him that he will be able to ex- ermlnate the bandits and pnt an end to he unceasing civil war whrh has well- nigh completely ruined one of th finest and most valuable countries on the face of the earth. We must "watch and wait no longer. We must have a man who has policy and who will act. Nothing can ever be .arcompl ished under the Wilson administration or an administration in sympathy with It. Their miserable record of hopeful failure In Mexico has been un broken for seven years. The time has come to put an end to this Mexican situ ation which Is a shame to the United States and a disgrace to our civilization. Tf we are to take part in pacifying and helping the world. let us begin here at home in Mexlro. If we assert and protect the Monroe Doctrine aratnst Europe, as we must for our own safety, we must also accept and fulfill the duties and respon sibilities which that doctrine Imposes. rltory or to dictate what you shall do In regard to either territory or boundaries." Then indeed we should have been en titled to the gratitude of the world not only for the decisive services in the war but for generous assistance in making a lasting peace. But Mr. Wilson did not do this. He had apparently only one aim. to be the maker of a league of which he should be the head. He was determined that there should be a league of nations then and .there, and in order to nullify the powers of the senate given by the constitution of the United States he de cided to make the league an integral part of the treaty of peace with Germany. Thus he presented to the senate and in tended to present a dilemma from which he believed there was no escape. In order to have peace with Germany he meant to compel the senate to accept with it the league of nations. It was indeed a difficult situation which he thus created. But republican senators believed their duty to be clear before them and did not shrink from fulfilling it. Thirty-nine ot them In March. 1919, signed a statement setting forth that the first draft of the league as Mr. Wilson brought it back, announcing that it must be taken just as it stood, could not be accepted by the senate in that form. ISSUES FACING NATION AS SEEN BY SENATOR LODGE President Wilson and his "dynasty" must be driven from power and his league of nations defeated. United States must take firm hand in Mexico and end the "diserraceful record" of the last seven years. Return of democrats to power with Wilson or one of his disciples master of party would be step toward autocracy. Government by a single man or by a group of men or by an organized minority must never be permitted. Profiteering is stupid as well as unlawful and is subject to simple punitive laws, which should be enforced. The most essential remedy for the present high cost of living is to keep up and increase production. Government ownership of railroads would bring about mastery of government by those controlling transportation. American people will never accept the alliance with foreign nations proposed by President Wilson. If republican party fails to grapple with conditions Russian descent into barbarism will draw near. Warning Was Ignored. The president returned to Europe with this warning before him and before the world. He admitted a few slight channes In the covenant, for the most part unim portant, and some of which made the sec ond draft worse than the first. He forced the allied and associated powers to yield to his demand that the covenant of the league should be interwoven with the treaty of peace. To accomplish this he surrendered the principle of the freedom of the seas whatever that may have been to Great Britain and he made promises and concessions to France not yet fulfilled which brought him the French support. Having thus carried his point abroad, he brought the treaty with Germany home and laid it before the senate. To the great mass of the American people he said: "This covenant of the league of nations will bring to the world a lasting peace." Kveryone desired lasting peace and without pausing to consider or even to read the covenant, thousands upon thousands of good people untted in the demand that the senate ratify and take the league at once and without consid eration, just as it stood. The republicans of the senate, perceiving the dangers of the league, determined to resist M r. Wil son's demand even at the cost of delaying the treaty of peace with Germany. They felt that the one thing necessary was to have the people understand the treaty. that they might realize what It meant and what it threatened. So the long debate ; began and it has lasted for more than a year. At the outlet that portion of the people who wished au instantaneous and unqualified acceptance of a covenant. which most of them had never read, had possession In large measure of the press and other methods of obtaining publicity and thus were able to keep up a continual cry for immediate ratification. The vocal part of the community tcit almost uni versally, as they listened to each other's voices, that the whole country was with them, but they forgot the great inarticu late masses of the people who went si lently about their work and their business, who did not write letters to the news papers or publish circulars or spend mil lions in spreading their views through powerful organs and active associations, but who simply loved their country and thought first of the interests of America. The debate in the senate spread to them. They read the speeches, they listened to the arguments, and. what was far more Important, they began to read and dis cuss the covenant of the league them selves, in the street, by the firesides, wherever men and women meet together. Thev began to understand tho teacue. They began to know what it meant. Thev saw it was an alliance and not a league for peace. They saw that it did not mention Th Hai!ue conventions which we ail de sired to have restored as foundations for further extensions did nothing for the de velopment of international law. nothing for world court and judicial decisions and nothing looking towards an agreement as tr. rio.linir with non-justifiable questions These real advances toward promoting th constructive measures, were an dicrfiritrdpd and tho only court men tioned was pushed into an obscure corner. Alliance W'M Threatening. ri.. n.nni vfn n to perceive with , ,..,rnos-R that this alliance, silent . rAiii neare acreements. contained .w.uh thra.irnMl the very cxi f thP United States as an Inde pendent power threatened its sovereignty, threatened its peace, threa also agreed that Mr. Wilson's league, with what he called "Interpretative reserva tions," or with anything those obedient to him approved, was Just as bad. just as menacing as the original. Twice we of fered the president and his most faithful supporters an opportunity to ratify the treaty with reservations. Twice his fol lowers, obedient to his orders, rejected ths treaty with the reservations I have out lined. Republican Efforts Itrlated. The republicans of the senate then made another effort to put an end to the state of technical war with Germany and at the same time rid the country of those measures which were adopted under the powers of the constitution, and which are clearly unconstitutional fn time of peace. They would thus have relieved the busi ness and the daily occupations of the peo ple from the burden of war legislation and at the same time have preserved to the United States under the terms of the resolution all benefits accruing to tha Untted States under the provisions of the treaty of Versailles. This resolution wr.s adopted by both branches of congress and vetoed by the president In a message which furnished neither argument nor reason for the veto, but which it must be admitted had a pleasant touch of humor In Its al lusion to the freedom of the seas. The house also adopted a resolution repealing all war legislation with three exceptions. The president vetoed it. His autocratic powers must not be disturbed. Thus the president demonstrated again that un less he could have his own way exactly and without any modification he would not permit the country to be at peace, an exercise of executive power never contem plated by the constitution. There the story ends. We have stopped Mr. Wilson's treaty and the question goes to tho people. In 191d Mr. Wilson won on the cry that "he had kept us out of war. He now demands the approval of the American people for hfs party and his ad ministration on the ground that he has kept us out of peace. Patriotic Duty Performed. We of tho senate believe that we havA performed a high and patriotic duty, and we ask you, representatives of the repub lican party, to approve our course and stand by what we have done. The next act will fill a larger stage and the people will decide between us and tho president. The league must be discussed in every district and in every state, and we desire to have the verdict ao clearly given that no man who seeks to represent the people in the senate or in the house or in any place or any degree can have the slightest doubt as to his duty. We make the isue; wo ask approbation for what we have done. The people will now tell us what they think of Mr. Wilson's league and its sacrifice of America. The shifting scene In Europe, with its wars and disputes, its changing govern ments and fleeting boundaries, which we are asked to guarantee, will instruct the people from day to day. and we confi dently leave the future and tho protection of their sons and brothers and of tha country's rights in their hands. That fu ture no man can predict. buL th rmintn knows well in what spirit we republican will meet it a spirit" as different from that of the president as day from night. The people know our policy; they know Mr. Wilson s, and they wilt choose between them. They will tear aside the veil of words woven to blind and deceive and come down to the essential and vital point Mr. Wilson's plan on one side, the independence and safety of the United States ou tho other. To determine aright this Question Involving the fate find for tunes of the United States, all repub licans, all Americans, must join together and in their own arguments defeat Mr. Wilson's league as he desires it. whether amended by him or In Its pristine sim plicity. Wo must all fight wide by side to keep safe and untouched the sovereignty. the independence, the welfare of the United States. Duty Tit Xesr Home. Tne president has been unable or un willing to do anything for Mexico, where civil ' war has raged for years, where anarchy exis-ts and where the people are suffering. But be thinks it onr duty to take a mandate for Armenia which would Involve our sending an army there for an Indefinite time and which would cost. including the army and civil expend! tures, $275,000,000 for the first year, be sides entangling us In all the quarrels and Intrigues of Asia Minor and the sur- rounning countrtwa. Mexico lies at our 4oors. It is a primary duty for us to deal with !t under the Monroe Doctrine, but nothing has been done and yet we are asked to take a mandate for Armenia. The American people have a deep sym pathy for Armenia. They have already given over 4O,0OO.f)0O for the relief of tose starving and suffering people. brave and gallant people who deserve as sistance and who have established a gov ernment. We are anxious to help them In all reasonable ways and no doubt shall do so. but to take & mandate to control protect and govern that country would Involve our sending our sons and brothers to serve and sacrifice their lives in Ar menia for an Indefinite time. This la i mandate which we. In the senate of the United Ptates. think should not be un dertnken. Tt Is a plan to gt us involved In the responsibilities of the league of nations and all the wa-rs in which it may be engaged without our being a member df the league. To such a proposition the only answer is a p'ain refusal . On the other hand, what the president has neg lerted a like condition among an un fortunate people st our very doors we must take .up and by a wise and firm policy restore Mexico to the position which she ought to occupy and thereby help and relieve her peoole and so benefit the world and extend the reign of peace. As the great war In Europe passed Mex loo Into the background and turned the thoughts of all away from It. so there Is at this moment another great question of our relations to the civilized world which overshadows every other. When the armistice with Germany was signed the course to be pursued was clear. It was urged by republican senators before the armistice and Immediately afterwards, That course was to make the peace with Germany at once , and then take up for reasonable consideration the quest ion of establishing such future relations with our associates In the war as would make for the future peace of the world. Tf this had been done we could have had full peace with Germany three months after the armistice. This Mr. Wilson prevented. Wilson's Coarse Recalled. We went to Europe with the greatest opportunity for large service to the world ever offered to any one man. He ins it ted on going himself, for he trusted no one else. We then had the confidence, the pratitude and the friendship of every Eu ropean nation whrelw thanks to the presi dent, wo pose-s no longer. If Mr. Wilson had said : "V came here to help you win this war In defense of civilization: the war Is won.' All we now Insist upon is that Germany shall be put In such a position as not to be able again to threaten the peace and freedom of mankind. Our own questions In the American hemisphere we w ill care for ourselves. Wo have in terests in the far east which we snail wish to have ' protected but your own Kuropean question you must settle and we ill accept the settlement to which you agree.' -We arc not hero see kins tcr- cned its life. Isolation Deemed Impoaaiblo. Wo hear the timid cry that AraeHr will be isolated. JHavo no fear. The United States cannot be Isolated. The world needs us farf too much. We have never turned a deaf ear to the crv of suf fering humanity, but whatever we do must be done in our own way. freely and with out constraint from abroad. With no outside help since the revolu tion we have come to where we are tod a We shall march on and not neglect our duty to the or1d. When we were called to the defence of freedom and civilization In 1 1 I we did not tail. We threw our great weisnt into the wavering scale and were all the more effective. Mil th The masses of the people ocean.- i we were all the late. Public opinion sieaau stronRer because we went w ithout alli- today the numDer oi m-i ance and of our own free will as we would no wining io i of the league of nations. Juft as me pres a recent letter ident brought it naca iro,M , E'u 1,1 IV negligible. The American t'"fT - " ; tnai aniaii.c - ----- tViA nresident. "6 P,e"tdcnr "molntime l,as rima.n.d inflrxl ble. H Is determined to have that treaty a. he broucrht It tmcK or ihii'. - fhat Imperious demand the peuple will replv In tones which can not be misun derstood. No man who thinks ot Amen- frt need fear tne ann. The famous article 1" Mr. Wilson said Senator Hitchcock: ,rt For mv own part, l am n. trust to the counsel of d it;omati t h lng out of any salvation of the world from the things which it has suffered. Anj be said this in behalf of an alliance whose representatives will all be diplomat, and politicians. Tney win nui ... - the interests of tnetr rePci. V" ' and they will have nothing judicial about them. Strip the league oi which involves the action of Political rep resentatives in the assembly and the coun cil and vou leave but one article in which the diplomats of the league as such will have no power. fr-APTA la F.mbodted. 0. Most OI yi i v.a fa mmn nrMcle the league covenant was prepared by Gen eral Smuts of South Africa, but Article 10 ot tne .as the work of the president of th United States. Jt is true mis . i . free from diplomats, but It rests entirely upon naked force. In that Peace Is to be preserved and the nations freed from war by multiplying the opportunities for the use of force. Each individual na tion is bound by article 10 to go to war for ths protection of the territorial integ rity and the political Independence of every other nation in the world at the time of of -i .,..- ifit is. for the protection states, some of which are not yet deter mined or established, for the protection of boundaries which no man cn define. We were to give such a guarantee and any of the countries in the leapue of nations in event of exterior aggression could have demanded our armed assistance and our soldiers and sailors must then have gone forth at the command of foreign coun tries unless we shattered all hope of world peace by breaking a solemn moral obliga tion. The republicans of the senate, no matter what their future fate might be, were determined that the covenant con taining that article unmodified should never be ratified. It became every day clearer to them that the alliance called a league of nations, instead of bring a guar antee for the world's peace, was a breeder of war and an enemy of peace. As we studied it and a majority of s-nators de sired to have some league. If possible. which should be a genuine league of peace we found that it dragged us not only Into every dispute and every war in Europe and the rest of the world, but that our sol diers and sailors might be forced to give their lives In quarrels not their own at the bidding of foreign governments, League Clauses Criticised. It also appeared that our domestic ques tlons. like immigration, could be interfered with, that the interpretation or the mod roe doctrine was to be left to the decision of the league, that we were (o be made participants in the outrageous disposition of Shantung, which robbed a friendly nation and gave the proceeds of the rob bery to her worst enemy, and that finally we were to have In the assembly of the league only one vote to Great Britain's six. These provisions were all intolerable. Res ervations were adopted wtiich relieved us from ovary obligation under article 10, which took all our domestic questions com pletely out of the jurisdiction of the league, which once and for all placed the Mon roe doctrine beyond any In terf ere nee by Burope or any foreign power and which refused our assent to the cruel wrong of Shantung. We also made It Impossible to subject the United States to the proposed fnequsl Ity In voting power, for we profoundly be lieved that the United States must never take any part in any council of the na tions where her vote was not. equal t that of any other power represented. Some of us were deeply convinced that there ought to be no league at all and that ab solute safety could be obtained in no other way; others of us. more numerous, believed that the reservations I have described suouia always go to help mankind. Let us stand fast by tho principles and poli cies of Washington and Monroe and against, utterly against, those of Mr. WH on. We mutt be now and ever for Amer icanism and nationalism, and against in ternationalism. There is no safety for us. no hope that we can be of service to the world, if we do otherwise. One word more before I close. During all the tedious weeks and months of the protracted struggle to save America from what we conceived to be the dire perils lurking In the covenant of the W-agu of nations which Mr. Wirson presented to us. party was scarcely ever mentioned, nor was the effect of our action upon the party considered. To tins spirit I think our s-uccess was largely due. We made up our minds as to what our duties and our general policy ought to be and tlten the only di f ferem-e w as as to the best way in which that duty could be per- lormea. Republican Mind Made Up. I believe that the great partv which we represent here today haj mudc up it mind as to its attitude upon Mr. Wilson's league and all that is carried with it of danger and of menace. In making our ntest before the people let us think of hat the public interest, the future ex istence of the United States demand, with out any consideration of partv effect. When we put the word "gold" into our platform in ISOd we took from the ordi nary political point of view great risks. but we went to the people confident In the justice of our cause and won. The way to assure wictory now Is to remember ays w hat Mr. W ilson and his partv threatened not only In the league, but in regard to the very foundations of our gov ernment. Let us for our part think of nothing except our cause and with that great end clear before us, let us behold with Indifference the lesser chances and Inferior hopes which in the meantime co pouring paf t." So thinking, so believing, we must win because the fight we are making is for the right. let us also in the battle we are to wage make no promises which cannot be per formed. lot us not Imitate the demo crats, who pledged themselves to reduce tne cost ot living ny lowering tne tariiT when they well-knew, for even they must have known that their pledge was impos sible of fulfillment, that the high cost of living could not be affected in that way and every day since then has proved the falsity of their position. Iet us not prom ise any milleniums or pledge our . faith to the performance of Impossibilities. Uet us simply lay before the people our prin ciples and policies, policies which are at once vigorous and practical, and then pledge ourselves to do our utmost to carry these policies into effect. This we can do, and we should bind ourselves no fur ther. If the righteousness of our cause will not win, no false promises or delusive hopes will be of any avail. Let us be true to our highest traditions because in them we shall find both an inspiration and a guide. Let past dissen sions among ourselves be relegated to his tory and forgotten by us. Let all honest differences as to means and methods, if there are such, be set aside until Novem ber In order that the great and over ruling purpose in which we all agree and which we long to achieve may bw attained. Make our declaration of prin ciples so broad, so devoted to the one supreme object, that all may accept it and all work for the same dominant re sult. Thus inspired, thus united we may feel assured that when the banners are lifted and the trumpets blown we shall march forth to a victory, not for our party alone, but for principles and beliefs which are absolutely vital If the American re public is to continue on Its triumphant coui-se and the hopes of h-umanitv. so bound up in the fortunes of the United States, are to be fulfilled. , BODY BELIEVED AMERICAN C S. Orricer Thought to Have Prownod Xcar l'plilkirch, Austria. PERXE. Switzerland. June "8. A body believed to that of an Amer ican r f i . r ! VL-AH fniinrl va(ri)uv in would protect the United states against tiie the. Ill river near the Keldkirch. Aus perils of th. covenant if e joined the j tria. by fishermen. 1"werere all firmly onlted In our de- 1 1' is 'believed the man was drowned termination that the IrHgic hs K.ihmittnd wh ilc escaping from an Austrian by air. WUsoa must never puna. We were pritaon camp- toward. Switzerland. r- -