10,
TIIE -MORNING OREGOXIAN", FRIDAY, MAT 7, 1920
iuormttjE wt$wmw
ESTABLISHED BY HENRY L. PITTOCK.
Published by The Oregonlan Publishing Co..
135 Sixth Street. Portland. Oregon.
C. A. MORDEN. E. B. PIPER.
MnKer. Editor.
The Oregonlan is a member of the Asso
ciated Press. The Associated Press Is
exclusively entitled to the use for publica
tion of all news dispatches credited to It
or not otherwise credited In this paper ana
also the local news published herein, Ail
rights of republication of special dispatches
herein are also reserved-
Subscription Rates Invariably la Advance.
(By Mail.)
tellv. Sundav Included, one year ? "9
Lallv. Kuitdiv lnrludsd. six months
4.25
2.1:5
Dally, Sunday Included, three month.
Dally. Sunday included, on month . .
Dally, without Sunday, one year
Dally, without Sunday, six months . .
Dally, without Sunday, one month ....
Weekly, one year
Sunday, one year
(By .Carrier.)
Tally. Sunday included, one year . . . .
Dally. Sunday Included, three months.
Lally, Sunday Included, one month . .
l-'ally. without Sunday, one year
Dp.ily, without Sunday, tbree months .
Dally, without Sunday, one mouth .
.73
0 00
3.25
.no
l.oo
5 00
9 00
2.23
.7.r
7.sn
l.ns
.65
Wow to Remit Send" postoffice money
order, express or personal check on your
local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are
at owner's risk. Ulve postoffice adareas
in fuil. Including county and state.
Postage Kates t to 1 pages. 1 cent:
18 to 32 pages. 2 cents; a4 to -4ft pagea, 8
cents: 50 to H4 raises. 4 cents: 86 to SO
pages. 0 cents; 8'J to 1)8 pages. t cents.
Foreign postage, double rates.
Ka-tern Buninemi Office Verree & Conk
lin. Brunswick building. New York: erree
Conklin. Ste.ger building. -Chicago: ver
ree c Conkliji. Free Press building. De
troit. Mich. San Kranclsco representative,
ft. J. Bidwell.
ONE OBSTACLE TO PEACE.
Senator Knox made a powerful
argument for a declaration of peactj
by congress unaccompanied by a
treaty, with Germany and with the
remnants of the Hapsburg empire.
The treaty which President Wilson
has submitted to the senate has been
rejected by it and they have failed
to agree on modification of its terms.
It cannot become effective without
ratification by the senate, but that
way to a legal state of peace is closed
by the deadlock. Yet there is no
intention on the part of either the
United States or Germany to resume
hostilities. The war in fact is over.
Although war ceased eighteen
months ago, we are still in a state of
war as to all accompaniments of
war except actual fighting and prep
arations to fight on, and we are
likely to continue in that state for
another year unless some way out Is
found. We are ready to trade with
Germany, and Germany with us, but
trade exists' only under gravely ob
structive restrictions. Trade would
be promoted by settlement of ac
counts between the two governments
and their citizens, but the war status
forbids. Many extreme powers were
granted by congress to the president
for the emergencies of war, and he
still retains them, though the occa
sion for their exercise long ago
passed away. Those powers limit
the freedom of the citizen to move
and to do business, and their exer
cise by any one man in time of peace
is contrary to the first principles of
the republic and is open to grave
abuse. Until peace is formally de
clared, they can be withdrawn by
no means except separate repeal of
every law that conveys them, which
in the present political situation
would cause a long struggle in con
gress, perhaps ending in a veto. The
Knox resolution is designed to ac
complish all of this by one act
one that repeals the declaration of
war and all war powers specially
granted, authorizes resumption of
diplomatic and commercial relations
and reserves all American rights un
der the treaty of Versailles. If the
president should approve this reso
lutton, he would relegate the entire
treaty controversy to his successor
without yielding to his opponents on
any point at issue. .
As against this course, it is to be
said, that it would definitely end any
except diplomatic effort to accom
plish the purpose for which we de
clared war and it would end aid to
the allies in striving for that pur
pose. American troops are on the
Rhine under the armistice. A dec
laration of peace would end the
armistice and require their with
drawal, leaving a heavier burden on
the allies. We went to war to de
stroy German militarism, but it is
not yet destroyed. Reports to the
French government are that at least
1.000,000 men are still under arms,
-many of them styled police, but un-
... ,i r nwm r rr ........ ,1
armed with rifles, grenade and ma
" chlne guns. The Baltic army, which
occupied Berlin in support of the
Kapp revolution, is intact and gath
ers in many recruits, and the mili
tarist land-owners of Pomerania and
East Prussia have quartered troops
on their estates, where they are nom
inally employed, but always ready to
assemble and fight for a reactionary
revolution. The German govern
inent has ordered arrest of Ehr
hardt and other leaders of the Kapp
revolt, but admits doubt whether
the order will be obeyed. Germany
still has 17,800 pieces of artillery
which should, under the treaty,
nn-A r i n n bi i-rennoi-an rr ' ' ft:T r.i V fi n
It has 15,24 8, airplanes, though the
treaty forbade their possession after
October 1, 1919, and all aircraft ma-
.larial nt-imilfl ia- hpoti i; 1 1 r-1-r. n rl n t-o il
when the treaty came into force.
Germany has not demobilized, but
the allies have. . The French army
--has been reduced to 700.000 men, the
British to about 350.000 and the
Italia-n to 400.000. With a great
army ready to. overturn the German
republic and with the treaty openly
violated, many materials exist for
revival of military supremacy and
for renewal of war. .
Not being a party to the treaty,
the United States is in no position
, , to enforce it, but this country is
vitally affected by the facts and their
probable developments. By with
drawing our troops from the Rhine
"we should withdraw all American
pressure on Germany to disarm and
we should accentuate our separation
. from the allies. We should do Ihis
"before our declared purpose was at
tained; we should abandon our work (
unfinished and we should thereby
encourage the militarists in their
plans to seize power and again to
attack France. These would be the
effects of a declaration of peace un
accompanied by a treaty. The Ameri
can people want peace, but not on
such terms, for they would mean
-waste of the lives, money and effort
we expended in the war.
Conditions in America, as well as
In. Europe, demand that the United
States be an active force in dis
" armament of Germany. This can be
tw.done if the president will accept the
Lodge reservations, which are ac-
..ceptable to almost three-fourths of
The republican senators, to almost
half of the democratic senators
and to the allies; in fact, to all
except Mr. Wilson himself, his thick-
and-thin supporters and the death
battalion senators. A word from
Mr. Wilson would cause ratification
with the reservations in spite of the
death battalion. A treaty embody
ing the terms with Germany with
few modifications, but excluding the
'league covenant, would probably com
mand support of two-thirds of the
senate. We could 'then co-operate
with the allies, in its enforcement
and in removing the militarist men
ace to peace. Negotiation Of terms
on which we should enter the league
could follow.
By his obstinate refusal to accept
a settlement with the senate the
president stands out as the one ob
stacle to peace in the present and to
removal of the menace to ' future
peace. He also lays himself open
to the charge of Mr. Knox that he
does so in order to retain in a time
of actual peace autocratic powers
which were granted only for a time
of actual war. But for Wilson we
should now have ' had peace and
Germany would have been disarmed.
RFXE OF THE MINORITY.
The only chance of Senator John
son's victory in Oregon is the plural
ity primary a republican primary
which may be, and will be, invaded
by thousands of voters who belong
to no party or to some other party.
It is significant that the Johnson
management in Oregon has publicly
appealed to- democrats to change
their registration in order that they
may vote for Johnson. It shows the
low esteem In which the primary is
held that its function may be so
brazenly diverted and corrupted. If
Johnson wins, he will be not only
the choice of a minority, but a very
large percentage of his minority will
not profess any allegiance to the
republican party.
The New York World, a demo
cratic paper, the other day made
severe comment on the uses to which
the primary was put in Ohio, say
ing:
Reports from Cleveland show that demo
cratic support of republicans at Tuesday's
primaries w.ib openly avowed. under the
old rule of caucus and convention, bad as
it -was, nominations never were forced upon
one party by another. If democrats raided
republican convention -or republicans a
democratic convention the case was one for
tsio po!ic3. With the help of crooked pri
mary laws, sharp practice of that kind
becomes a thing to boast of instead of
risk to be feared.
Indiana has a law that unless a
candidate for president gets a ma
jority of all votes cast, in a primary.
there shall be no instruction upon
the delegation to the national con
vention. Leonard Wood has a plu
rality in the preference vote; but the
delegates to Chicago will be free.
They should be free in such circum
stances. OCR ITtACTIOXAL CURRENCY.
The bill of Senator Frelinghuysen
of New J(ersey which provides for
the coinage of seven and eight-cent
pieces reminds us that the tendency
in recenfyears has been to decrease,
rather than add to, the number of
coins in our fractional currency. For
sixty-five years we had a half-cent
piece. Both the cent and the half
cent have varied from time to time
in metal content, as well as in de
sign. The twenty-cent piece, which
was in vogue for a brief period, was
rejected because it was so often mis
taken for a quarter-dollar, and the
three-dollar gold piece, authorized
in 1853, failed to obtain popularity
because of tendency to confus it
with the quarter-eagle, or $2.50
piece, and also with the $5 piece.
The dime, originally called the
disme," was included in the coin
age act passed by congress In April,
179-2. There have been three-cent
pieces of differing metallic struc
ture at various times, and the half
dime has passed through many vi
cissitudes. After a good many tips
and downs, the coinage system has
been reduced practically to the de
gree of simplicity that characterized
It in the beginning.
Our first cents were known as
"Franklin" cents and were in use
for some years after their issuance
by the mint established by govern
ment authority at Hartford, Conn.,
in 1787. In 1791 a coin bearing the
head of Washington and the words
"one cent" was struck in England
as a pattern piece, together with a
similar coin without the word "cent,"
but the modest disapproval of Pres
ident Washington caused its rejec
tion. The cent authorized in,, 1792
contained 262 grains of Copper, the
half-cent issued at the same time
containing 131 grains of copper. In
the following year the cent was re
duced to 208 grains, and by the act
ol 1796 It was still further reduced
to 168 . grains. Coin collectors will
seek in vain for copper coins of 1815
and 1835, in which years none were
minted. Designs were changed fre
quently.
The first three-cent coin, author
ized in 1851, was three-fourths sil
ver; two years afterward its weight
was redueed from 12 to 11.52
grains. The half-cent was discon
tinued in 1857 and' the copper cent
was replaced by a coin weighing 72
grains and composed of 88 per cent
copper and 12 per cent nickel. The
bronze cent of 48 grains was ere
ated in 1864, in which year one and
two-cent pieces were made legal
tender for 10 and 20 cents, respec
tively. In 1865 the one and two-cent
coins became legal tender to the
amount of four cents only. A new
three-cent coin of copper and nickel
and containing no silver was made
legal tender to the amount of a dol
lar, and this denomination was fi
nally discarded m 1890. The two
cent piece ceased to be coined in
1873. .The motto, "In God We
Trust," did not appear on our coins
until after the civil war:
Experience with our coinage has
seemed tp indicate that in practice
simplicity is more desired than such
fancied convenience as would be oh
ained by having a coin suitable for
every transaction. Demand for the
seven and eight-cent pieces, so far
as it exists at all, probably grows out
of the circumstance that a nickel no
longer buys most of the things that
used to be priced at a round half
dime, but there is, on the other hand
no guarantee that the new - coins
would permanently serve the pur
pose for which . they are now pro
posed. It is objected that they would
make computation more difficult
Cents, half dimes and dimes now
lend themselves readily to rapid
counting: sevens and eights would
only complicate matters. It is sig
nificant tnat tnere Has been no se
rious demand from any quarter for
a revival of the half-cent, after
more than two generations of disuse
Present coin denominations, ex
cept for-elimination of the three
cent nickel-and-copper coin, have
stood since 1S76. The quarter and
half-dollar are the only subsidiary
coins now employed that were not
provided for in the original coinage
act, which in the main has stood
the test of 127 years.
COCKAGK FOR FAINT HEARTS.
We are reminded by the indorse
ment given the road bond proposal
by Senator LaFollette of Salem,
guardian extraordinary of tax rev
enues, that no word of opposition to
the increase in the road bond in
debtedness limit has come from the
ones who are paying the road bills
the automobile owners. Serfator La
Follette has satisfied himself that
If $20,000,000 more in road bonds
shall be issued the motor vehicle
registration fees and the gasoline
tax .will amply provide interest and
sinking fund. As the cherished tax
ation pot is not to be touched, Sen
ator LaFollette gives consent.
In 1916 just four years ago an
automobile of 23 horsepower paid
an annual registration fee of $3. This
year it pays a registration fee of $22.
On larger and smaller cars registra
tion fees have been increased in
somewhat similar proportion. More
over in 1916 there was no gasoline
tax of 1 cent a gallon. This beats
any general property tax increase
over denounced.
The average automobile owner is
not a reckless spendthrift. Naturally
he would like to see a return of
the days of cheaper gasoline and
three-dollar registration fees but
not at the price of a return to the
road conditions of four years, ago.
The present ease and pleasure of one
trip over the Rex-Ti'gard grade, be
tween Portland and Newberg. as
compared with the same trip four
years ago is worth "the higher cost
of automobile registration to any
automobile owner. ' '
If the present registration fees will
pay off $20,000,000 more in bonds,
clearly failure to issue the bonds
would make possible a large reduc
tion in the fees. Yet, as stated be
fore, the automobile owner is not
kicking. He may complain about
the taxes on his house and lot, but
the reason for the higher levy on
his automobile is illustrated to him
every day in a way that brings sat
isfaction to his soul.
Yet from up country occasionally
comes a cry of apprehension over
successive road bond issues. It is
never based upon the burdensome
cost of automobiling, but usually
upon fear that the use of automo
biles will collapse, or that a wicked
legislature will transfer the road cost
from these vehicles, and that gen
eral property will have to pay. The
faint hearts should listen to Senator
LaFollette and take courage. What
ever may be said of spenders in the
legislature, this farmer-statesman
of Salem is careful. Careful is the
word if you emphasize it well. Sen
ator LaFollette is for the road bond
limitation amendment. Such being
the case, we are surer than ever be-
tore tnat tno automobiles are going
to foot all the road bills.
PROFIT IN POULTRY.
There is profit in poultry, or riot.
corresponding to efficiency or the
lack of it in flock management as
s increasingly being made to appear
by investigations of experts of the
agricultural colleges. Growth of the
endeitcy of farmers to keep accounts
rtainiug to their business has, curi
usly enough, been responsible for
considerable curtailment of poultry
eeping as an incidental side line
of the farm. The time when hens
had unrestricted access to. the gran
ary, and when no estimate was made
of the value of time eonsumed in
caring for them, has passed with
he coming of high prices for grain
and increased wages for labor.. It Is
probable that cheap eggs in the past
were due largely to the circumstance
tnat large quantities of them wen;
sold below the cost of producing
them, by producers who mistakenly
believed that they were making
profit from the business. ,
Yet it is pointed out by the execu
ttve committeeman of a country farm
bureau in our neighboring state of
Idaho that increased cost of feed
ana laDor is not inevitably accom
panied by corresponding increase
the cost of eggs. Higher costs
are not an unmixed evil, if they call
attention to the possibilities of econ
omy in other directions. Only a few
ears ago it was estimated that it
cost $1 a year to maintain a laying
hen. The figures of this farm bu
reau are $3.11, based on the large-
scale experience of its own project.
One of. its community workers, how
ever, who has kept careful records,-
has found that it costs him $4.06 to
keep a hen a year. This may be
nearer to the cost for an average
flock of 200 hens or thereabouts in
the hands of average owners. Xoubt-
less it is lower than many. It is
plain that there is a reason for
higher prices for poultry products
than prevailed before the war.
If, however, it costs more than it
i-sed to cost to keep a hen, the sav
ing is just that much greater when
one doesn't keep a hen that fails to
pay its board. In Minidoka county,
Idaho, for example, it appears that
there are 4S.S86 hens. A culling
campaign conducted by the state
farm bureau showed that 50 per cent
of the hens are unprofitable. "The
county would be richer," says the
official bulletin on the subject, "by
576,017 if the unprofitable hens were
disposed of." This is a saving worth
while. It is easy to save money, if
it is not easy to get rich, by judicious
use of the ax In the barnyard. Bu;
there is a constructive as well as .
destructive side to the "business, as
tne bureau proceeds td show.
The grower who estimated his cost
per hen at $4.06 a year also makes
a showing of $3.89 profit from each
hen, and tells how he did it. He
kept accurate records and ruthlessly
ciuiea all hens of inferior grade
The law of breeding seems to have
taken care of the re3t of the prob
lem. " Formerly "It was sunnnsoH hv
pouitr r.aisers that trap nests were
contraptions intended for use only
n agricultural college experiment
stations. The notion that they were
meant for common use has been a
long, time gaining ground. Here are
figures to prove that it pays to usa
them. "If," says an expert, "every
breeding pen In the country were
as carefully selected as a few have
been, there soon would be no culling
to ao. vain nope, yet not a discour
aging prospect! The struggle for ex
cellence has no ending. Meanwhile
there is zest, as well as profit, in the
game.
We confess that we are less im
pressed by the discovery, also an
nounced from Idaho, of a device op
erated on the principle of an alarm
clock, that automatically turns on
the light in the chicken house at 5
A. M., so as to lengthen the hen's
workday without at the same time
requiring more work on the part of
the owner of the aforesaid hen. One
trouble with the poultry business
now . Is that it has attracted too
many who were chiefly impressed by
the idea that it was "easy work."
There is, as a matter of fact, not
much worth while in this world that
is easy of accomplishment and "poul
ij breeding is no exception to the
rule. But it is worth something to
know that," even with the cost of
maintenance per hen at $3.11, or
even $4.06, there is a chance for
profit for those who are willing to
put energy and skill into so worthy
a work.
BELGIUM AT WORK AGAIN.
The story of the reconstruction of
Belgium is no less heroic than that
of the struggle by which it foiled the
plans of Germany. It is told In a
special edition of the London Times
written almost entirely by Belgians,
who include statesmen, business
leaders and Cardinal Mercier, In a
year after the armistice the number
of unemployed had been reduced
from 800.000 to 100,000. the coal
mines had reached more than 90 per
cent of their pre-war output, indus
tries were fast resuming operation,
the railroads have been almost en
tirely rebuilt and the great port of
Antwerp had commerce equal to
half Its pre-war volume.
The cause of this rapid recovery
from the effects of foreign tyranny
is to be found in the words of Pre
mier Delacroix: "A real love for hard
work is deeply rooted In the Belgian
people." This quality, combined
with patriotism, thrift and enjoy
ment of healthy pleasure, goes to ex
plain why Belgium, though more
densely populated than any other
country - in Europe, is happy and
prosperous. If the people In this
and other countries who continually
bewail their wrongs yet work only
60 per cent of full efficiency would
take a leaf out of Belgium's book.
their troubles would roll away like
a cloud. The Belgians did not, wring
their hands or curse their govern
ment 6r plot revolution; they went
to work.
Some facts about Antwerp will be
of particular interest to Portland
people, for its situation is similar to
Portland's. It is a river port, 55
miles from the sea, with a low water
depth ranging from 26 to 91 feet and
is one of the sea outlets for the most
densely populated Industrial regions
of Europe. It has facilities to handle
20,000,000 tons of sea traffic a year
and is making improvements which
will double that capacity.
War has brought Belgium into the
limelight as one of the great little
nations of the world, and It bears the
glare well. It belies the opinion of
some statesmen and generals that
there is no room for small nations in
the modern world.
Figuring on a number of returns
given out by the census'bureau, the
average for 34 cities is about 40
per cent .increase. Carried to the
end, that would make this country
large out of reason. When the whole
has been checked It will be found
the cities and towns have grown huge
at the expense of the country pre
cincts. It Is rather a mean act on the part
of government in barring the en
trance of a young Armenian woman,
with a bridegroom ready, because
31 e cannot read English. Probably
it will be fixed. The foreigner is
more resourceful than the, official at
the gate. '
The dandeliori may be a nuisance
it is, in fact, to the owner with
pride in his lawn but if one did
not see its bright yellow face In the
spring green' setting he would miss
ft- more than he would be willing- to
admit.
A Massachusetts member of con
gress says every tree violates the
prohibition law by having in its sap
more than one-half of one per cent
of alcohol. The gentleman may be
correct.' But did he ever see a drunk
tree?
The man guilty of a crime who
escaped punishment by overseas
service cannot expect immunity be
cause of it, but the service always
will be a factor in determining his
case.
Dehydrated products may have an
apartment-house sound, but when
the prices of raw vegetables ap
proach those of the finished product.
then it is economy to buy what has
the least waste.
Lloyd George conveniently was ill
when the cablegram arrived . from
the eighty-eight congressmen inter
fering in Irish affairs. -Foxy little
Welsh codger!
If that chemist fellow who says
he can make sugar from sawdust
will come to Oregon we will give
him material free and buy all his
products. x
Ir. will be a joke on justice if
Huirt, or Watson, escapes the gal
lows. The bones of every simple
wife-murderer will turn over in dis
SusU Did you see the straw hats? Some
fellows are rushers, or it may have
been their wives' work. Some women
are that way, you know.
The unit rule is a relic of the dayd
of the aristocrat in democratic poli
tics and the subservien-t following
will abide by it. -
About the only uninstructed dele
gates at Chicago will be the colored
brethren, always valuable for trad
ing purposes.
- The time has come when thrifty
people will use less sugar. It can
be done, to advantage of health and
purse.
Only explanation for this glorious
weathef- is that Mr. Cortfray must
be. fixing for his Oaks.
"Yaller niggers" arid disreputable
white men are mixing things In
Mississippi politics.
When the asphalt softens in May
it is time to make vacation plans.
.Every day in the week is blossom
day around here just now
Looks-like the "vacation"
bakers was nearlng the' end.
of the
BY-PRODUCTS OP the: times
Statistical Show Hon Crime la Affect
ed by Climate anal Seaaons.
Crime Is Affected by weather and
climate, declares the . Kansas City
Times. Crime, meaning all indictable
offenses, is at a minimum in June
and at its maximum in October, de
creasing -but very little in November,
December and January. Crimes of
violence against persons are highest
in the spring and summer, while,
reaching their minimum in the win
ter. In crimes against property with
violence the maximum Is In Decem
ber and the minimum in June, vary
ing adversely with the length of the
day. The maximum of suicidal at
tempts is reached in hot weather.
According to Thomas Speed Mos
by's "Cauies and Cures of Crime."
statistics show that crimes against,
the person are proportionately most
numerous in warm climates, while in
the cooler regions crimes against
property are most frequent. In the
warmer climates of Italy and Spain
may be found the maximum of mur
ders In Europe, while the cooler
climes of England, Scotland and Hol
land supply the fewer murders in
proportion to population.
Discussing the influence of thero
metric and barometric changes on the
quality of the human conduct. Dr. 1
G. Frank Lydston in his work on
"Diseases of Society and Degener
acy," states that hot weather seems to
have an effect chiefly in increasing
crimes of impulse, such as sexual,
murder and suicide. The mental
equilibrium of many people who have
nervous diseases is easily destroyed,
and hot -weather has its effects on
them much the same way as alcohol.
All crimes of impulse are ushered in
by spring. In the southern latitudes
of the United States crimes against
the person are high. - .
One authority observes: "The Arctic
tribes alone among the sons of men
are ignorant of war and unconscious
of human blood, a happy ignorance if
reason and virtue were the guardians
of their peace." Their reason and
virtue are affected by the Arctic tem
perature. A temperature of 90 to 93
degrees in the mountains or on the
plains may not cause danger to a
person's nervous organism, whereas
if confined to the heart of a city with
three or four million people the re
suits may be serious.
Along with other states. Kansas had
come to accept strikes and their at
tendant inconveniences, and discom
forts as a matter of course, to be
borne as patiently as might be. But
when the threat of letting the public
freeze was made by one party to an
industriifl controversy while the oth
er party looked on with entire uncon
cern.'the righteous indignation of the
citizens of Kansas crystalized into
instant action.
Out of this situation came a deter
mination of the Kansas people to
make future episodes of this kind im
possible. The legislature of Kansas,
called in special session, passed an
act establishing a court of industrial
relations, which is designed to pre
vent strikes or lockouts in essential
industries. This act is now law and
awaits a test.
I believe the time has come in the
Increasing industrial life of this coun
try when -such a tribunal should have
the power to take under its Juris
diction the offenses committed
against society in the name of indus
trial warfare, and possess the author
ity td meet industrial discontent by a
careful oversight and regulation of
the conditions of labor before any in
justices are allowed to foster and
breed class hatred and bitter antag
onisms. Henry J. Allen, governor of
Kansas, In the Nation's Business.
The department ot agriculture is
eliminating waste Aalong other im
portant lines, by discovering uses for
products which, formerly served" ho
useful iiurpose.. The most notable
recent illustration is that of corn
cobs. About a bushel of cobs is pro
duced for every bushel of shelled corn.
and they have been almost a com
plete waste. During the past few
months chemists In the department of
agriculture have discovered that the
entire content of corn cobs can be
converted!' into highly useful products.
Commercial plants are now being
equipped to manufacture half a dozen
products from them. One of these prod
ucts is an adhesive of exceptionally
high quality said to be better for a
number of important uses than any
adhesive previously known. Another
is cellulose, suitable for use in the
manufacture of dynamite and various
other things. We have made very
good paper, using a part of the corn
cob product as filler.. Another prod
uct that the plants will turn out from
eobs la acetate of' lime, from which
acetic acid Is made. And- after all
these things had been demonstrated
our chemists discovered a very val
uable by-product furfural. Tip to this
time furfural has been so rare th
t nas sold as high as $28 a pound.
Every ton of corn cobs will yield
about 30 pounds of furfural as a by
product, and our specialiats estimate
that it- can be manufactured in this
way for less than 20 cents a pound
Furfural la what he chemists call
a basic intermediary in dyes. That
means that you may make about as'
many kinds of dye out of furfural as
a good cook can make kinds of things
to eat out of flour. They have shown
me at least a dozen different shades
of cloth dyed .with furfural. It is
highly useful, toov in the manufac
ture of many paints aqd lacquers and
in the making of bakolite, the sub.
stance used in pipe stems and other
articles. In addition to all that, fur
fural is such an excellent insecticide
that it has been used to a consider
able extent for that purpose, even
though the price was $20 a pound.' So
the corn cob Instead of being a dead
waste is likely to become a commod
ity on the market.
Nearly five centuries before Colum
bus sailed to America, according to
some historians, a party of Norsemen-landed
on the northeastern coast
of the continent, and a few years
later established c colony.
As a memorial to these early ex
plorers a rough stone tower has been
erected at Auburndale, Mass., a town
that is believed to occupy the same
site as the legendary settlement. In
vestigation has failed to reveal any
traces of building ruins in the vicin
ity, but has resulted in the finding
of several old stone walks, which are
thought to have been constructed by
th' inhabitants of the ancient village.
Detroit. New.
Those Who Ccme and Go.
Pity the troubles of the hotel man.
There are several in Portland from
outside points trying to secure "help."
The tourist- season is at hand and
many hotels in the smallej- towns are
short staffed.- "The hardest problem."
confessed one of these hotel men yes
terday, "is to keep waitresses. The
tourists are spoiling them. Girls In
my dining room tell me that they
make as high as $5 a day in tips, the
tips ranging from two bits to $2.
You might suppose that when the
waitresses are making so much easy
money that they would stick to the
job and roll up a bank account, but
they don't. They work for a couple
of months, by which time they have
a pretty fair sum, and then they come
to Portland and buy a lot of new
clothes. The tourists are largely' re
sponsible for our inability to keep
girls and give good service. it is
a phase of the tipping evil that few
people take into consideration. The
girls, however, apparently cannot
stand proaperlty.""'
Charles W. Alward, a druggist of
Seaside, is at the Hotel Oregon while
In town on a business trip. Seaside,
from being merely a summer resort.
Is becoming a regular town, scores
of people who were attracted to As
toria during the shipbuilding period,
bought or built homes in Seaside and
became commuters between me two
points. Now that the shipyard in
dustry has gone into tne aiscara,
these people have .become permanent
residents, ae Seaside Is not an-expensive
place to live in. save for the
summer tourists, possibly.
There is no need of inquiring of
J. H. Ackerman of Jlonmoutn,
whether he favors the passage of the
millage measures for the educational
institutions. .Mr.' Ackerman is presi
dent of the only normal school that
Oregon has, this being at Monmouth,
where It has been turning out teacn
ers since 1882. Mr. Ackerman is an
rrival at the Seward, nr. w. J-
Kerr, president of the Oregon Agri
cultural college, and also deeply in
terested in the adoption of tne.miu
age measures, was also in the city
yesterday.
The tire escape on the Portland
hotel from which President Roose
velt s'poke, was smashed yesterday
when a sidewall of Liberty temple
foil. Also, the window of parlor J
was shattered and one perfectly good
limn nost was knocked to the pave
ment. The wreckers had a rope hold
on the wall, but the section slipped
away from the workmen. This was
the most sensational event in hotel
circles yesterday. '
With the war over, not all of the
tourist are iroine to Europe from
America. There is a thin trickle the
other way and one of these is Frank
Lloyd, a tourist from London, Eng
land, who is on a voyage of discovery
of the United States and particularly
t ihA Vaolfic coast. Mr. Lloyd is
among those present at the Benson
Tn lnnk into the Dossibilities for
nuln mills in Alaska. Kan Smith of
Keottl is in Portland and will soon
head for the north. Mr. Smith, who
formerly was connected with the local
forest service office, is here to con
sult W. ii. Wigle, superintendent of
the Snooualmle forest, who has had
considerable experience in the matter
of pulp.
" Former Representative C C. Clark
of Arlington was at the Imperial yes
terday. Between his place in eastern
nn,n sind his ranch in the wuiam
ette valley Mr. Clark is doing his
share toward defraying the expense
of the government by tne war
which he has to pay for his railroad
mileage.
Members of the state suprcm.
bench are dropping into ronwiiu
rather frequently this wecK. ouaso
Henry U Benson is- latest to arrive.
The Judge is a candidate for renonu-
nation and re-eieciion una nan . on;
opposition, which is a situation some
what different man wnen no
ore.
T-i.irinn- the summer all advantages
will be taken of the good weather, to
prosecute work on the Newport high
way, according to J. B. Doyle, who is
at the Hotel Oregon. Mr. Doyle's
present headquarters are at Toledo,
from which point ne Keeps uo on in
road construction work, in which he
is interested.
A T.. Sims, of Boardman. an arrival
at the Hotel Oregon, reports nis nomo
town as distinctly progressive. ara-
man boasts of one of the finest school
buildings in that part of Oregon, it
being an especially elaborate struc
ture. ,
r .T. Edwards, who has been repre
senting Tillamook in the legislature,
is registered at the Seward. Mr. Ed
wards is now a candidate ior nomina
tion for the senate to represent Tilla
mook, Washington, Lincoln and Yam
hill counties.
While the hop industry in Oregon
isn't what it was a few years ago.
still the prices are better and those
in the game are not complaining. G.
S. Hall, who is interested in the
growing of hops near Hubbard, Or.,
is at the Multnomah.
James Rice, a patron of the Perkins,
has gone to the hospital for treat
ment. Mr. Rice was once on a time
the foreman of the Baldwin Sheep
& Land company, but is now a
rancher on his own account, with
headquarters at Madras.
W. J. McCormach came to the
Hotel Oregon from Buxton yesterday
in order to be Initiated into the Elks
la.t niarht. He Is connected with the
railroad construction work but of
Buxton. '
. M. E. Fagan, chief accountant of
the United States forestry bureau, of
Washington. D. C. is in the city con
ferring with the local fiscal agent of
the forcsrty bureau.
S. H. Webb, a realty dealer of As
toria. is confined to his room at the
Multnomah, suffering from an attack
of ptomaine 'poisoning.
Archer P. Sinclair, president of the
T. M. Sinclair meat packing company
of Cedar Rapids, la., is an arrival at
the Multnomah.
Robert Chaney, who has a big
ranch in Gilliam county. Is basking in
Portland sunshine and is at the lm
perial.
W. A Marshall, member of the state
industrial accident commission, is
registered at'the Seward.
Charles E. Bond, a clothing mer
chant of Pendleton, is at the Mult
nomah, accompanied by Mrs. Bond.
J. P. McGoldrlck, one of Spokane's
lumbermen, is at the Hotel Portland
for a few days
J. P. Flynn, in the logging business
at Hoquiam, Wash., is at the Mult
nomah. E. Davis; a sawmill man of Airlie,
Polk county, is registered at the
Hotel Oregon.
Comta to Read About Meat.
Nashville (Tenn.) Tennessean.
It costs money these days even to
read about meat. The original manu
script of Lamb's essay on "Roast
Pig" sold for $12,600.
HABITS OF SMELT LITTLE KXOWX 1
Study Made of Fish Which Authori
ties Know Cnder Several mf.
PORTLAND, May 6. (To the Edi
tor.) Please publish the follow in
formation, and any other interesting
facts, about the smelt.
How long until they hatch, and
how long do they stay in fresh water
after hatching?
How long before they come back to
spawn?
Do all that come up the river die.
and what becomes of them when
dead?
What is their correct name?
Are there such fish other places
than the Columbia river?
A SUBSCRIBER.
The scientific name of the Columbia
river smelt is Thaleichthys Pacificus.
It is described in encyclopedias and
dictionaries under "candlefish." The
Indians called it "oolachan," some
times .spelled "eulachon." which has
been corrupted by whites into "hooll
gan. It is common in Alaskan anu
British Columbia streams, as well as
in the Columbia.
R. E. Clanton, master fish warden.
Is authority for the statement that
the longevity and habits of the Co
lumbia river smelt have never been
made the subject of exhaustive study.
and that this season is the first in
which trained observation has been
directed.
The present attempt includes a
study of the reproductive organs ot
the female smelt, to discover whether
nature has provided for a second
spawning. It is not known at pres
ent whether smelt return to ITie
ocean or perish in the rivers as does
the salmon after visiting the spawn-
ng beds.
If the billions of smelt in an ordi
nary run were to die in iresn w ater.
t is contended, the evidences of such
demise would be prevalent, even to
the point of pollution of so mighty a
stream as the Columbia. On the other
hand, the return of the smelt run to
salt water, if it does return, never
has been observed. Fish commission
officials, including Master Warden
Clanton and Secretary Carl shoe
maker, of the fish commission, ex
pect to make tests this week toward
solving the riddle.
The journey of the smelt fry to the
ocean is another phase of the life
cycle that is In darkness. None has
seen, so far as the records shofw, the
migration of the infant fish from the
birthplace river to salt water. Their
numbers must be uncounted myriads,
and if the fry were even an inch in
length the passage of the infant smelt
would be plainly discernible. It is
conjectured that the fry run to sea
when extremely small.
But all this Is guess work. An at
tempt is now launched to learn more
of the actual life history of the Co
lumbia river smelt. Specimens now
held at Bonneville hatchery will he
kept under observation to determine
whether they are subject to demise
after spawning, while an attempt will
also be made, with nets, to discover
whether any portion of the recent
heavy run has retraced its course to
the Pacific.
POLITICS SKEX IS MAW PKODKS
Woman Farmer Doubtful of Sincerity
of Shipyard Invrstlgnl ions.
HH.LSBORO. Or., May 5. (To the
Editor.) Did not the democrats be
fore election pledge themselves to an
economical administration? If so,
why do they not begin to make good
before asking for another trial?
Why so many investigations on the
eve of a presidential election?
Do the democrats need campaign
funds, or are they trying, after their
last four years' record, to convince
the people of the honesty of their
administration, and think they can
hoodwink us women into electing an
other peace president?
WelL there is much to be explained
Why has the west been discrimi
nated against? Why did Oregon get
no cantonment? Why, when our
shipyards made such a w'ondcrful
record in war time, must they now
stand an investigation? Are these
varda republican politically? Were
they solicited for democratic cam
paisn funds, and possibly failed to
i put. up.'
, is tnis
unwarranted attack on
Oregon's industries a slap at the
state for its political sympathies
Are we. goir.g to sit still, as we did
in 1916, and be fed sugar-coated pills?
Are we going to permit the govern
ment to paralyze our industries and
pauperize labor?
Why do we not as a whole demand
that the administration begin to con
cern itself with the present and fu
ture problems of our country and
stop this junketing, hunting for
mare's nests?
I am a widow; have two sons. One
went across, the other was rejected
on account of the loss of index fin
ger. but he worked in a shipyard in
the wintej- and helped on our small
farm in the summer. I worked all
the time trying to do my bit. Our
taxes are out of all proportion to our
resources, and I want officia
economy so do all the small farmers
but how are we to tret it?
A FARMER .WOMAN.
Safety First la lltmosatratrd.
The doughboy paced the deck of the
returning transport nervouRly, cast
ing scornful glances at the bras
sarded ficure below on the dork. He
vearned to yell to it one final fare
well, yet feared to do so. Memory
of a recently read special order
warned him that It would bring dis
aster. As the ship slipped away on
its journey toward America he bit his
lin to hold it bacR.
. Some days later he stood regarding
the shin's bulletin board.
"H'm," he mused. "Six hundred and
fourteen miles away. They can't
throw me off now."
Then, turning toward the east, he
cunDed his hands to his mouth and
bellowed scornfully:
"Now, who is h 1 won the war""
Pennlonn for Civil War Veteran.
PORTLAND. May 6. (To the Edi
tor.) I wonder if you would please
Inform me how and to whom I can
go in order to look up a civil war
veteran's pension?
My step-father served in the war,
but never received his pension, as he
had no one to look It up for him. His
house was burned down and his dis
charge papers burned up. But I be
lieve there would be some way to get
it for him and he is old and sick,
and surely needs it.
MRS. STEWART.
Write to commissioner of pensions,
Washington, D. C, for information
how to proceed.
"He" or Him."
PORTLAND. May 6. (To the Edi
tor.) To settle a dispute, will you
please answer this through your col
umns: A says this is correct: "If you were
he."
B says this is correct: "If you were
him."
.. Which should be used, "he" or
"him?" v A SUBSCRIBER.
"If you were he" is correct.
More TYuth Than. Poetry.
By James J. 9)ontagne.
THE REIGN OF TERROR.
We tip-toe softly to and fro;
We never laugh, we seldom smile;
Without a word we come and go
And tremble in our shoes the while.
There's scarce a sound in all the room;
In fact, we do not dare to speak.
But sit enwrapped In clouds of gloom
The Boss has got a grouchy streak.
We slap each other on the back.
And talk and laugh like happv folk;
Existence, once so drear aid biack.
Now seems a rather kindly joke.
We do our duties with a song.
Like healthy-naturfed people should;
Our hearts are lighter, all day long
The Boss is feeling pretty "good.
Our moods are fashioned by his whim.
He frowns, and lo! we grow de
pressed :
But just a pleasant smile from him.
And evervthinir spems f.,r tim 1,01
We call ourselves the brave and free;
We thiuk we rule our fates, but
still.
We know that 'tis our lot to be
The creature of a tyrant's will.
A tyrant with a hairless head.
Pink fingers and a single tooth.
Who writrelcs in his trundle bed.
Yet bends our wills to his. forsooth.
For not a monarch e'er possessed
Such undisputed sovereign powers.
Or wielded them with such a zet-t
As does this pudsy Boss of ours.
...
At Three a Throw.
Nobody but billionaires would fin
as characters in a modern "Ten Nights
in a Barroom."
Advice to lamllilalm.
Speak softly audi carry a big fiask.
.
Hot Wc Ilavr Hopes.
We know- Mars by siRhl. but we
haven't a speaking acquaintance.
(Copyright, 1?20. hy the Bell Syndi
cate. Inc.)
The
hawthorne
heds
glistening.
dear.
Its blossoms pink and rose.
There are bright-hued flowers
upon
tne gown or spring;
A nameless melody we hear. in
rhythmic tone it fl
Tlie air is throbbi
thing.
From every hillside tumbling- Hnu-n
With chui-hlcs of delicti!.
Are tiny streams that race with reck
less glee
To join the creek now muddv hrown.
that wanders out of i;rht
Between the banks beneath the eertaR
tree.
I'he hawthorne flauats its ihimmcr-
nig green,
With trimmings Pink and rose
The birds are trilling wildly of the
spring.
Life's meaning calls in everv seene
its inagic softly glows,
warms with subtle fire each
living tiling.
And
In Other Days.
Twenty-five 1mm Ago.
Krom The Oi-egonimi of Mxy 7. 1SDS
The May uini 01 the state circuit
court, which will be a. very busy one.
opened auspiciously yesterday with
the new jury prcss-nt.
Plans and methods of Influenein--
Oregon residents to use home prod
ucts have been formulated by the
manufacturers' association of the
northwest.
James M. Lively uf Port Tow ncud.
promoter of the proposed sale and
consolidation of Portland electric.
lines, arrived In town yesterdav but
eft last evening for the east
Coney Island. Juke Kiltaln would
have bt-eii knockt-d out in the List
round of a bout here with Sieve
O'DonnclI of Australia had the police
not stopped the inath.
Fifty Vfsrs Ann.
I'roin The Oreconian of May 7. 1S70.
San Francisco. A new paper t-alled
the Pacific Coast Women's Journal
and devoted to the advoeacy of wom
en's rights has- made its uppcara 111:0
here.
I
Several young men of Iho city have
clubbed together i.ttfi formed an ama
teur bras3 oand. They piay vciy well.
,
We learn from L. II. Wakefield, dis
bursing agent, that the sum of $'J4,77o
has thus tar been paid out of the
$100, 0U0 appropriation of congress fur
the new customs house and postoffice.
A private letter from London. Eng
land, says an immense exi-ursion
tarty of merchants, capitalists and
families will visit the coast in June.
PeKMimistle View of I-sndsrspc.
PORTLAND, May 6. (To the Edi
tor.) Would it be fair to take a neg
ative view of the landscape? In the
sermon of the Kev. Levi Johnston
printed Monday, the beauties of Port
land are described as laid out by Liod
whe'n he made the world.
Rut when we investigate evidence
we find half of that public domain is
worthless, barren rocks, as it was
left by the Creator without soil or
being made a little level.
The city was eloquently described
as beautiful. But are the rose gar
dens of more importance than the po
tato gardens? - And is it a street or
an alley when one goes around a
garbage wagon at the front door, and
runs into a woodpile, and falls over
an open cellar door on the sidew-aik?
We could get a better view of the
doors if they were perpendicular, as
those of the comfort station that is
located on the sidewalk in front of
a select Portland hotel.
E. F. FUNK.
30? Jefferson street.
Callow I Iteturn to Bnrbnrtm.
REEDVILLE, Or., May 6. (To the
Editor.) Statistics on murders com
mitted before and after the abolition
of capital punishment in Oregon are
not reliable. A man with murder in
his heart goes for his gun, regardless
of the gallows. The statement tht
the gallows is a deterrent to crime is
the height of nonsense, and doesn't
ring true.
The abolition of capital punishment
is a progressive step to rid the state
of a gruesome thing which has ceased
to find favor with civilized communi
ties. Th fact that a degenerate
beast kills his victim doesn't mean
that the state ought to soil its hands
with his life's blood. The cry for the
return of the gallows and Us bloody
trappings reflects a state of mind
which had Its horning during the war,
when the minds of men became in
flamed by the wholesale letting of
blood. Vote to keep the shadow of a
bloody past out of our fair state.
O. E. FRANK.
When-Woman' Slgnn Note.
MiiMlXXVILLE, Or., May '5. (To
the Editor.) I wish to know if a
wife of S. "signs a note, later Is di
vorced and marries another man, is
Ehe responsible and liable for note
signed as S.s' wife? A READER.
In signing the note she acted In her
capacity as an individual and not In
that of wife, and is still liable.
Hawthorne.
By (irace li Hall.