10, TIIE -MORNING OREGOXIAN", FRIDAY, MAT 7, 1920 iuormttjE wt$wmw ESTABLISHED BY HENRY L. PITTOCK. Published by The Oregonlan Publishing Co.. 135 Sixth Street. Portland. Oregon. C. A. MORDEN. E. B. PIPER. MnKer. Editor. The Oregonlan is a member of the Asso ciated Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publica tion of all news dispatches credited to It or not otherwise credited In this paper ana also the local news published herein, Ail rights of republication of special dispatches herein are also reserved- Subscription Rates Invariably la Advance. (By Mail.) tellv. Sundav Included, one year ? "9 Lallv. Kuitdiv lnrludsd. six months 4.25 2.1:5 Dally, Sunday Included, three month. Dally. Sunday included, on month . . Dally, without Sunday, one year Dally, without Sunday, six months . . Dally, without Sunday, one month .... Weekly, one year Sunday, one year (By .Carrier.) Tally. Sunday included, one year . . . . Dally. Sunday Included, three months. Lally, Sunday Included, one month . . l-'ally. without Sunday, one year Dp.ily, without Sunday, tbree months . Dally, without Sunday, one mouth . .73 0 00 3.25 .no l.oo 5 00 9 00 2.23 .7.r 7.sn l.ns .65 Wow to Remit Send" postoffice money order, express or personal check on your local bank. Stamps, coin or currency are at owner's risk. Ulve postoffice adareas in fuil. Including county and state. Postage Kates t to 1 pages. 1 cent: 18 to 32 pages. 2 cents; a4 to -4ft pagea, 8 cents: 50 to H4 raises. 4 cents: 86 to SO pages. 0 cents; 8'J to 1)8 pages. t cents. Foreign postage, double rates. Ka-tern Buninemi Office Verree & Conk lin. Brunswick building. New York: erree Conklin. Ste.ger building. -Chicago: ver ree c Conkliji. Free Press building. De troit. Mich. San Kranclsco representative, ft. J. Bidwell. ONE OBSTACLE TO PEACE. Senator Knox made a powerful argument for a declaration of peactj by congress unaccompanied by a treaty, with Germany and with the remnants of the Hapsburg empire. The treaty which President Wilson has submitted to the senate has been rejected by it and they have failed to agree on modification of its terms. It cannot become effective without ratification by the senate, but that way to a legal state of peace is closed by the deadlock. Yet there is no intention on the part of either the United States or Germany to resume hostilities. The war in fact is over. Although war ceased eighteen months ago, we are still in a state of war as to all accompaniments of war except actual fighting and prep arations to fight on, and we are likely to continue in that state for another year unless some way out Is found. We are ready to trade with Germany, and Germany with us, but trade exists' only under gravely ob structive restrictions. Trade would be promoted by settlement of ac counts between the two governments and their citizens, but the war status forbids. Many extreme powers were granted by congress to the president for the emergencies of war, and he still retains them, though the occa sion for their exercise long ago passed away. Those powers limit the freedom of the citizen to move and to do business, and their exer cise by any one man in time of peace is contrary to the first principles of the republic and is open to grave abuse. Until peace is formally de clared, they can be withdrawn by no means except separate repeal of every law that conveys them, which in the present political situation would cause a long struggle in con gress, perhaps ending in a veto. The Knox resolution is designed to ac complish all of this by one act one that repeals the declaration of war and all war powers specially granted, authorizes resumption of diplomatic and commercial relations and reserves all American rights un der the treaty of Versailles. If the president should approve this reso lutton, he would relegate the entire treaty controversy to his successor without yielding to his opponents on any point at issue. . As against this course, it is to be said, that it would definitely end any except diplomatic effort to accom plish the purpose for which we de clared war and it would end aid to the allies in striving for that pur pose. American troops are on the Rhine under the armistice. A dec laration of peace would end the armistice and require their with drawal, leaving a heavier burden on the allies. We went to war to de stroy German militarism, but it is not yet destroyed. Reports to the French government are that at least 1.000,000 men are still under arms, -many of them styled police, but un- ... ,i r nwm r rr ........ ,1 armed with rifles, grenade and ma " chlne guns. The Baltic army, which occupied Berlin in support of the Kapp revolution, is intact and gath ers in many recruits, and the mili tarist land-owners of Pomerania and East Prussia have quartered troops on their estates, where they are nom inally employed, but always ready to assemble and fight for a reactionary revolution. The German govern inent has ordered arrest of Ehr hardt and other leaders of the Kapp revolt, but admits doubt whether the order will be obeyed. Germany still has 17,800 pieces of artillery which should, under the treaty, nn-A r i n n bi i-rennoi-an rr ' ' ft:T r.i V fi n It has 15,24 8, airplanes, though the treaty forbade their possession after October 1, 1919, and all aircraft ma- .larial nt-imilfl ia- hpoti i; 1 1 r-1-r. n rl n t-o il when the treaty came into force. Germany has not demobilized, but the allies have. . The French army --has been reduced to 700.000 men, the British to about 350.000 and the Italia-n to 400.000. With a great army ready to. overturn the German republic and with the treaty openly violated, many materials exist for revival of military supremacy and for renewal of war. . Not being a party to the treaty, the United States is in no position , , to enforce it, but this country is vitally affected by the facts and their probable developments. By with drawing our troops from the Rhine "we should withdraw all American pressure on Germany to disarm and we should accentuate our separation . from the allies. We should do Ihis "before our declared purpose was at tained; we should abandon our work ( unfinished and we should thereby encourage the militarists in their plans to seize power and again to attack France. These would be the effects of a declaration of peace un accompanied by a treaty. The Ameri can people want peace, but not on such terms, for they would mean -waste of the lives, money and effort we expended in the war. Conditions in America, as well as In. Europe, demand that the United States be an active force in dis " armament of Germany. This can be tw.done if the president will accept the Lodge reservations, which are ac- ..ceptable to almost three-fourths of The republican senators, to almost half of the democratic senators and to the allies; in fact, to all except Mr. Wilson himself, his thick- and-thin supporters and the death battalion senators. A word from Mr. Wilson would cause ratification with the reservations in spite of the death battalion. A treaty embody ing the terms with Germany with few modifications, but excluding the 'league covenant, would probably com mand support of two-thirds of the senate. We could 'then co-operate with the allies, in its enforcement and in removing the militarist men ace to peace. Negotiation Of terms on which we should enter the league could follow. By his obstinate refusal to accept a settlement with the senate the president stands out as the one ob stacle to peace in the present and to removal of the menace to ' future peace. He also lays himself open to the charge of Mr. Knox that he does so in order to retain in a time of actual peace autocratic powers which were granted only for a time of actual war. But for Wilson we should now have ' had peace and Germany would have been disarmed. RFXE OF THE MINORITY. The only chance of Senator John son's victory in Oregon is the plural ity primary a republican primary which may be, and will be, invaded by thousands of voters who belong to no party or to some other party. It is significant that the Johnson management in Oregon has publicly appealed to- democrats to change their registration in order that they may vote for Johnson. It shows the low esteem In which the primary is held that its function may be so brazenly diverted and corrupted. If Johnson wins, he will be not only the choice of a minority, but a very large percentage of his minority will not profess any allegiance to the republican party. The New York World, a demo cratic paper, the other day made severe comment on the uses to which the primary was put in Ohio, say ing: Reports from Cleveland show that demo cratic support of republicans at Tuesday's primaries w.ib openly avowed. under the old rule of caucus and convention, bad as it -was, nominations never were forced upon one party by another. If democrats raided republican convention -or republicans a democratic convention the case was one for tsio po!ic3. With the help of crooked pri mary laws, sharp practice of that kind becomes a thing to boast of instead of risk to be feared. Indiana has a law that unless a candidate for president gets a ma jority of all votes cast, in a primary. there shall be no instruction upon the delegation to the national con vention. Leonard Wood has a plu rality in the preference vote; but the delegates to Chicago will be free. They should be free in such circum stances. OCR ITtACTIOXAL CURRENCY. The bill of Senator Frelinghuysen of New J(ersey which provides for the coinage of seven and eight-cent pieces reminds us that the tendency in recenfyears has been to decrease, rather than add to, the number of coins in our fractional currency. For sixty-five years we had a half-cent piece. Both the cent and the half cent have varied from time to time in metal content, as well as in de sign. The twenty-cent piece, which was in vogue for a brief period, was rejected because it was so often mis taken for a quarter-dollar, and the three-dollar gold piece, authorized in 1853, failed to obtain popularity because of tendency to confus it with the quarter-eagle, or $2.50 piece, and also with the $5 piece. The dime, originally called the disme," was included in the coin age act passed by congress In April, 179-2. There have been three-cent pieces of differing metallic struc ture at various times, and the half dime has passed through many vi cissitudes. After a good many tips and downs, the coinage system has been reduced practically to the de gree of simplicity that characterized It in the beginning. Our first cents were known as "Franklin" cents and were in use for some years after their issuance by the mint established by govern ment authority at Hartford, Conn., in 1787. In 1791 a coin bearing the head of Washington and the words "one cent" was struck in England as a pattern piece, together with a similar coin without the word "cent," but the modest disapproval of Pres ident Washington caused its rejec tion. The cent authorized in,, 1792 contained 262 grains of Copper, the half-cent issued at the same time containing 131 grains of copper. In the following year the cent was re duced to 208 grains, and by the act ol 1796 It was still further reduced to 168 . grains. Coin collectors will seek in vain for copper coins of 1815 and 1835, in which years none were minted. Designs were changed fre quently. The first three-cent coin, author ized in 1851, was three-fourths sil ver; two years afterward its weight was redueed from 12 to 11.52 grains. The half-cent was discon tinued in 1857 and' the copper cent was replaced by a coin weighing 72 grains and composed of 88 per cent copper and 12 per cent nickel. The bronze cent of 48 grains was ere ated in 1864, in which year one and two-cent pieces were made legal tender for 10 and 20 cents, respec tively. In 1865 the one and two-cent coins became legal tender to the amount of four cents only. A new three-cent coin of copper and nickel and containing no silver was made legal tender to the amount of a dol lar, and this denomination was fi nally discarded m 1890. The two cent piece ceased to be coined in 1873. .The motto, "In God We Trust," did not appear on our coins until after the civil war: Experience with our coinage has seemed tp indicate that in practice simplicity is more desired than such fancied convenience as would be oh ained by having a coin suitable for every transaction. Demand for the seven and eight-cent pieces, so far as it exists at all, probably grows out of the circumstance that a nickel no longer buys most of the things that used to be priced at a round half dime, but there is, on the other hand no guarantee that the new - coins would permanently serve the pur pose for which . they are now pro posed. It is objected that they would make computation more difficult Cents, half dimes and dimes now lend themselves readily to rapid counting: sevens and eights would only complicate matters. It is sig nificant tnat tnere Has been no se rious demand from any quarter for a revival of the half-cent, after more than two generations of disuse Present coin denominations, ex cept for-elimination of the three cent nickel-and-copper coin, have stood since 1S76. The quarter and half-dollar are the only subsidiary coins now employed that were not provided for in the original coinage act, which in the main has stood the test of 127 years. COCKAGK FOR FAINT HEARTS. We are reminded by the indorse ment given the road bond proposal by Senator LaFollette of Salem, guardian extraordinary of tax rev enues, that no word of opposition to the increase in the road bond in debtedness limit has come from the ones who are paying the road bills the automobile owners. Serfator La Follette has satisfied himself that If $20,000,000 more in road bonds shall be issued the motor vehicle registration fees and the gasoline tax .will amply provide interest and sinking fund. As the cherished tax ation pot is not to be touched, Sen ator LaFollette gives consent. In 1916 just four years ago an automobile of 23 horsepower paid an annual registration fee of $3. This year it pays a registration fee of $22. On larger and smaller cars registra tion fees have been increased in somewhat similar proportion. More over in 1916 there was no gasoline tax of 1 cent a gallon. This beats any general property tax increase over denounced. The average automobile owner is not a reckless spendthrift. Naturally he would like to see a return of the days of cheaper gasoline and three-dollar registration fees but not at the price of a return to the road conditions of four years, ago. The present ease and pleasure of one trip over the Rex-Ti'gard grade, be tween Portland and Newberg. as compared with the same trip four years ago is worth "the higher cost of automobile registration to any automobile owner. ' ' If the present registration fees will pay off $20,000,000 more in bonds, clearly failure to issue the bonds would make possible a large reduc tion in the fees. Yet, as stated be fore, the automobile owner is not kicking. He may complain about the taxes on his house and lot, but the reason for the higher levy on his automobile is illustrated to him every day in a way that brings sat isfaction to his soul. Yet from up country occasionally comes a cry of apprehension over successive road bond issues. It is never based upon the burdensome cost of automobiling, but usually upon fear that the use of automo biles will collapse, or that a wicked legislature will transfer the road cost from these vehicles, and that gen eral property will have to pay. The faint hearts should listen to Senator LaFollette and take courage. What ever may be said of spenders in the legislature, this farmer-statesman of Salem is careful. Careful is the word if you emphasize it well. Sen ator LaFollette is for the road bond limitation amendment. Such being the case, we are surer than ever be- tore tnat tno automobiles are going to foot all the road bills. PROFIT IN POULTRY. There is profit in poultry, or riot. corresponding to efficiency or the lack of it in flock management as s increasingly being made to appear by investigations of experts of the agricultural colleges. Growth of the endeitcy of farmers to keep accounts rtainiug to their business has, curi usly enough, been responsible for considerable curtailment of poultry eeping as an incidental side line of the farm. The time when hens had unrestricted access to. the gran ary, and when no estimate was made of the value of time eonsumed in caring for them, has passed with he coming of high prices for grain and increased wages for labor.. It Is probable that cheap eggs in the past were due largely to the circumstance tnat large quantities of them wen; sold below the cost of producing them, by producers who mistakenly believed that they were making profit from the business. , Yet it is pointed out by the execu ttve committeeman of a country farm bureau in our neighboring state of Idaho that increased cost of feed ana laDor is not inevitably accom panied by corresponding increase the cost of eggs. Higher costs are not an unmixed evil, if they call attention to the possibilities of econ omy in other directions. Only a few ears ago it was estimated that it cost $1 a year to maintain a laying hen. The figures of this farm bu reau are $3.11, based on the large- scale experience of its own project. One of. its community workers, how ever, who has kept careful records,- has found that it costs him $4.06 to keep a hen a year. This may be nearer to the cost for an average flock of 200 hens or thereabouts in the hands of average owners. Xoubt- less it is lower than many. It is plain that there is a reason for higher prices for poultry products than prevailed before the war. If, however, it costs more than it i-sed to cost to keep a hen, the sav ing is just that much greater when one doesn't keep a hen that fails to pay its board. In Minidoka county, Idaho, for example, it appears that there are 4S.S86 hens. A culling campaign conducted by the state farm bureau showed that 50 per cent of the hens are unprofitable. "The county would be richer," says the official bulletin on the subject, "by 576,017 if the unprofitable hens were disposed of." This is a saving worth while. It is easy to save money, if it is not easy to get rich, by judicious use of the ax In the barnyard. Bu; there is a constructive as well as . destructive side to the "business, as tne bureau proceeds td show. The grower who estimated his cost per hen at $4.06 a year also makes a showing of $3.89 profit from each hen, and tells how he did it. He kept accurate records and ruthlessly ciuiea all hens of inferior grade The law of breeding seems to have taken care of the re3t of the prob lem. " Formerly "It was sunnnsoH hv pouitr r.aisers that trap nests were contraptions intended for use only n agricultural college experiment stations. The notion that they were meant for common use has been a long, time gaining ground. Here are figures to prove that it pays to usa them. "If," says an expert, "every breeding pen In the country were as carefully selected as a few have been, there soon would be no culling to ao. vain nope, yet not a discour aging prospect! The struggle for ex cellence has no ending. Meanwhile there is zest, as well as profit, in the game. We confess that we are less im pressed by the discovery, also an nounced from Idaho, of a device op erated on the principle of an alarm clock, that automatically turns on the light in the chicken house at 5 A. M., so as to lengthen the hen's workday without at the same time requiring more work on the part of the owner of the aforesaid hen. One trouble with the poultry business now . Is that it has attracted too many who were chiefly impressed by the idea that it was "easy work." There is, as a matter of fact, not much worth while in this world that is easy of accomplishment and "poul ij breeding is no exception to the rule. But it is worth something to know that," even with the cost of maintenance per hen at $3.11, or even $4.06, there is a chance for profit for those who are willing to put energy and skill into so worthy a work. BELGIUM AT WORK AGAIN. The story of the reconstruction of Belgium is no less heroic than that of the struggle by which it foiled the plans of Germany. It is told In a special edition of the London Times written almost entirely by Belgians, who include statesmen, business leaders and Cardinal Mercier, In a year after the armistice the number of unemployed had been reduced from 800.000 to 100,000. the coal mines had reached more than 90 per cent of their pre-war output, indus tries were fast resuming operation, the railroads have been almost en tirely rebuilt and the great port of Antwerp had commerce equal to half Its pre-war volume. The cause of this rapid recovery from the effects of foreign tyranny is to be found in the words of Pre mier Delacroix: "A real love for hard work is deeply rooted In the Belgian people." This quality, combined with patriotism, thrift and enjoy ment of healthy pleasure, goes to ex plain why Belgium, though more densely populated than any other country - in Europe, is happy and prosperous. If the people In this and other countries who continually bewail their wrongs yet work only 60 per cent of full efficiency would take a leaf out of Belgium's book. their troubles would roll away like a cloud. The Belgians did not, wring their hands or curse their govern ment 6r plot revolution; they went to work. Some facts about Antwerp will be of particular interest to Portland people, for its situation is similar to Portland's. It is a river port, 55 miles from the sea, with a low water depth ranging from 26 to 91 feet and is one of the sea outlets for the most densely populated Industrial regions of Europe. It has facilities to handle 20,000,000 tons of sea traffic a year and is making improvements which will double that capacity. War has brought Belgium into the limelight as one of the great little nations of the world, and It bears the glare well. It belies the opinion of some statesmen and generals that there is no room for small nations in the modern world. Figuring on a number of returns given out by the census'bureau, the average for 34 cities is about 40 per cent .increase. Carried to the end, that would make this country large out of reason. When the whole has been checked It will be found the cities and towns have grown huge at the expense of the country pre cincts. It Is rather a mean act on the part of government in barring the en trance of a young Armenian woman, with a bridegroom ready, because 31 e cannot read English. Probably it will be fixed. The foreigner is more resourceful than the, official at the gate. ' The dandeliori may be a nuisance it is, in fact, to the owner with pride in his lawn but if one did not see its bright yellow face In the spring green' setting he would miss ft- more than he would be willing- to admit. A Massachusetts member of con gress says every tree violates the prohibition law by having in its sap more than one-half of one per cent of alcohol. The gentleman may be correct.' But did he ever see a drunk tree? The man guilty of a crime who escaped punishment by overseas service cannot expect immunity be cause of it, but the service always will be a factor in determining his case. Dehydrated products may have an apartment-house sound, but when the prices of raw vegetables ap proach those of the finished product. then it is economy to buy what has the least waste. Lloyd George conveniently was ill when the cablegram arrived . from the eighty-eight congressmen inter fering in Irish affairs. -Foxy little Welsh codger! If that chemist fellow who says he can make sugar from sawdust will come to Oregon we will give him material free and buy all his products. x Ir. will be a joke on justice if Huirt, or Watson, escapes the gal lows. The bones of every simple wife-murderer will turn over in dis SusU Did you see the straw hats? Some fellows are rushers, or it may have been their wives' work. Some women are that way, you know. The unit rule is a relic of the dayd of the aristocrat in democratic poli tics and the subservien-t following will abide by it. - About the only uninstructed dele gates at Chicago will be the colored brethren, always valuable for trad ing purposes. - The time has come when thrifty people will use less sugar. It can be done, to advantage of health and purse. Only explanation for this glorious weathef- is that Mr. Cortfray must be. fixing for his Oaks. "Yaller niggers" arid disreputable white men are mixing things In Mississippi politics. When the asphalt softens in May it is time to make vacation plans. .Every day in the week is blossom day around here just now Looks-like the "vacation" bakers was nearlng the' end. of the BY-PRODUCTS OP the: times Statistical Show Hon Crime la Affect ed by Climate anal Seaaons. Crime Is Affected by weather and climate, declares the . Kansas City Times. Crime, meaning all indictable offenses, is at a minimum in June and at its maximum in October, de creasing -but very little in November, December and January. Crimes of violence against persons are highest in the spring and summer, while, reaching their minimum in the win ter. In crimes against property with violence the maximum Is In Decem ber and the minimum in June, vary ing adversely with the length of the day. The maximum of suicidal at tempts is reached in hot weather. According to Thomas Speed Mos by's "Cauies and Cures of Crime." statistics show that crimes against, the person are proportionately most numerous in warm climates, while in the cooler regions crimes against property are most frequent. In the warmer climates of Italy and Spain may be found the maximum of mur ders In Europe, while the cooler climes of England, Scotland and Hol land supply the fewer murders in proportion to population. Discussing the influence of thero metric and barometric changes on the quality of the human conduct. Dr. 1 G. Frank Lydston in his work on "Diseases of Society and Degener acy," states that hot weather seems to have an effect chiefly in increasing crimes of impulse, such as sexual, murder and suicide. The mental equilibrium of many people who have nervous diseases is easily destroyed, and hot -weather has its effects on them much the same way as alcohol. All crimes of impulse are ushered in by spring. In the southern latitudes of the United States crimes against the person are high. - . One authority observes: "The Arctic tribes alone among the sons of men are ignorant of war and unconscious of human blood, a happy ignorance if reason and virtue were the guardians of their peace." Their reason and virtue are affected by the Arctic tem perature. A temperature of 90 to 93 degrees in the mountains or on the plains may not cause danger to a person's nervous organism, whereas if confined to the heart of a city with three or four million people the re suits may be serious. Along with other states. Kansas had come to accept strikes and their at tendant inconveniences, and discom forts as a matter of course, to be borne as patiently as might be. But when the threat of letting the public freeze was made by one party to an industriifl controversy while the oth er party looked on with entire uncon cern.'the righteous indignation of the citizens of Kansas crystalized into instant action. Out of this situation came a deter mination of the Kansas people to make future episodes of this kind im possible. The legislature of Kansas, called in special session, passed an act establishing a court of industrial relations, which is designed to pre vent strikes or lockouts in essential industries. This act is now law and awaits a test. I believe the time has come in the Increasing industrial life of this coun try when -such a tribunal should have the power to take under its Juris diction the offenses committed against society in the name of indus trial warfare, and possess the author ity td meet industrial discontent by a careful oversight and regulation of the conditions of labor before any in justices are allowed to foster and breed class hatred and bitter antag onisms. Henry J. Allen, governor of Kansas, In the Nation's Business. The department ot agriculture is eliminating waste Aalong other im portant lines, by discovering uses for products which, formerly served" ho useful iiurpose.. The most notable recent illustration is that of corn cobs. About a bushel of cobs is pro duced for every bushel of shelled corn. and they have been almost a com plete waste. During the past few months chemists In the department of agriculture have discovered that the entire content of corn cobs can be converted!' into highly useful products. Commercial plants are now being equipped to manufacture half a dozen products from them. One of these prod ucts is an adhesive of exceptionally high quality said to be better for a number of important uses than any adhesive previously known. Another is cellulose, suitable for use in the manufacture of dynamite and various other things. We have made very good paper, using a part of the corn cob product as filler.. Another prod uct that the plants will turn out from eobs la acetate of' lime, from which acetic acid Is made. And- after all these things had been demonstrated our chemists discovered a very val uable by-product furfural. Tip to this time furfural has been so rare th t nas sold as high as $28 a pound. Every ton of corn cobs will yield about 30 pounds of furfural as a by product, and our specialiats estimate that it- can be manufactured in this way for less than 20 cents a pound Furfural la what he chemists call a basic intermediary in dyes. That means that you may make about as' many kinds of dye out of furfural as a good cook can make kinds of things to eat out of flour. They have shown me at least a dozen different shades of cloth dyed .with furfural. It is highly useful, toov in the manufac ture of many paints aqd lacquers and in the making of bakolite, the sub. stance used in pipe stems and other articles. In addition to all that, fur fural is such an excellent insecticide that it has been used to a consider able extent for that purpose, even though the price was $20 a pound.' So the corn cob Instead of being a dead waste is likely to become a commod ity on the market. Nearly five centuries before Colum bus sailed to America, according to some historians, a party of Norsemen-landed on the northeastern coast of the continent, and a few years later established c colony. As a memorial to these early ex plorers a rough stone tower has been erected at Auburndale, Mass., a town that is believed to occupy the same site as the legendary settlement. In vestigation has failed to reveal any traces of building ruins in the vicin ity, but has resulted in the finding of several old stone walks, which are thought to have been constructed by th' inhabitants of the ancient village. Detroit. New. Those Who Ccme and Go. Pity the troubles of the hotel man. There are several in Portland from outside points trying to secure "help." The tourist- season is at hand and many hotels in the smallej- towns are short staffed.- "The hardest problem." confessed one of these hotel men yes terday, "is to keep waitresses. The tourists are spoiling them. Girls In my dining room tell me that they make as high as $5 a day in tips, the tips ranging from two bits to $2. You might suppose that when the waitresses are making so much easy money that they would stick to the job and roll up a bank account, but they don't. They work for a couple of months, by which time they have a pretty fair sum, and then they come to Portland and buy a lot of new clothes. The tourists are largely' re sponsible for our inability to keep girls and give good service. it is a phase of the tipping evil that few people take into consideration. The girls, however, apparently cannot stand proaperlty.""' Charles W. Alward, a druggist of Seaside, is at the Hotel Oregon while In town on a business trip. Seaside, from being merely a summer resort. Is becoming a regular town, scores of people who were attracted to As toria during the shipbuilding period, bought or built homes in Seaside and became commuters between me two points. Now that the shipyard in dustry has gone into tne aiscara, these people have .become permanent residents, ae Seaside Is not an-expensive place to live in. save for the summer tourists, possibly. There is no need of inquiring of J. H. Ackerman of Jlonmoutn, whether he favors the passage of the millage measures for the educational institutions. .Mr.' Ackerman is presi dent of the only normal school that Oregon has, this being at Monmouth, where It has been turning out teacn ers since 1882. Mr. Ackerman is an rrival at the Seward, nr. w. J- Kerr, president of the Oregon Agri cultural college, and also deeply in terested in the adoption of tne.miu age measures, was also in the city yesterday. The tire escape on the Portland hotel from which President Roose velt s'poke, was smashed yesterday when a sidewall of Liberty temple foil. Also, the window of parlor J was shattered and one perfectly good limn nost was knocked to the pave ment. The wreckers had a rope hold on the wall, but the section slipped away from the workmen. This was the most sensational event in hotel circles yesterday. ' With the war over, not all of the tourist are iroine to Europe from America. There is a thin trickle the other way and one of these is Frank Lloyd, a tourist from London, Eng land, who is on a voyage of discovery of the United States and particularly t ihA Vaolfic coast. Mr. Lloyd is among those present at the Benson Tn lnnk into the Dossibilities for nuln mills in Alaska. Kan Smith of Keottl is in Portland and will soon head for the north. Mr. Smith, who formerly was connected with the local forest service office, is here to con sult W. ii. Wigle, superintendent of the Snooualmle forest, who has had considerable experience in the matter of pulp. " Former Representative C C. Clark of Arlington was at the Imperial yes terday. Between his place in eastern nn,n sind his ranch in the wuiam ette valley Mr. Clark is doing his share toward defraying the expense of the government by tne war which he has to pay for his railroad mileage. Members of the state suprcm. bench are dropping into ronwiiu rather frequently this wecK. ouaso Henry U Benson is- latest to arrive. The Judge is a candidate for renonu- nation and re-eieciion una nan . on; opposition, which is a situation some what different man wnen no ore. T-i.irinn- the summer all advantages will be taken of the good weather, to prosecute work on the Newport high way, according to J. B. Doyle, who is at the Hotel Oregon. Mr. Doyle's present headquarters are at Toledo, from which point ne Keeps uo on in road construction work, in which he is interested. A T.. Sims, of Boardman. an arrival at the Hotel Oregon, reports nis nomo town as distinctly progressive. ara- man boasts of one of the finest school buildings in that part of Oregon, it being an especially elaborate struc ture. , r .T. Edwards, who has been repre senting Tillamook in the legislature, is registered at the Seward. Mr. Ed wards is now a candidate ior nomina tion for the senate to represent Tilla mook, Washington, Lincoln and Yam hill counties. While the hop industry in Oregon isn't what it was a few years ago. still the prices are better and those in the game are not complaining. G. S. Hall, who is interested in the growing of hops near Hubbard, Or., is at the Multnomah. James Rice, a patron of the Perkins, has gone to the hospital for treat ment. Mr. Rice was once on a time the foreman of the Baldwin Sheep & Land company, but is now a rancher on his own account, with headquarters at Madras. W. J. McCormach came to the Hotel Oregon from Buxton yesterday in order to be Initiated into the Elks la.t niarht. He Is connected with the railroad construction work but of Buxton. ' . M. E. Fagan, chief accountant of the United States forestry bureau, of Washington. D. C. is in the city con ferring with the local fiscal agent of the forcsrty bureau. S. H. Webb, a realty dealer of As toria. is confined to his room at the Multnomah, suffering from an attack of ptomaine 'poisoning. Archer P. Sinclair, president of the T. M. Sinclair meat packing company of Cedar Rapids, la., is an arrival at the Multnomah. Robert Chaney, who has a big ranch in Gilliam county. Is basking in Portland sunshine and is at the lm perial. W. A Marshall, member of the state industrial accident commission, is registered at'the Seward. Charles E. Bond, a clothing mer chant of Pendleton, is at the Mult nomah, accompanied by Mrs. Bond. J. P. McGoldrlck, one of Spokane's lumbermen, is at the Hotel Portland for a few days J. P. Flynn, in the logging business at Hoquiam, Wash., is at the Mult nomah. E. Davis; a sawmill man of Airlie, Polk county, is registered at the Hotel Oregon. Comta to Read About Meat. Nashville (Tenn.) Tennessean. It costs money these days even to read about meat. The original manu script of Lamb's essay on "Roast Pig" sold for $12,600. HABITS OF SMELT LITTLE KXOWX 1 Study Made of Fish Which Authori ties Know Cnder Several mf. PORTLAND, May 6. (To the Edi tor.) Please publish the follow in formation, and any other interesting facts, about the smelt. How long until they hatch, and how long do they stay in fresh water after hatching? How long before they come back to spawn? Do all that come up the river die. and what becomes of them when dead? What is their correct name? Are there such fish other places than the Columbia river? A SUBSCRIBER. The scientific name of the Columbia river smelt is Thaleichthys Pacificus. It is described in encyclopedias and dictionaries under "candlefish." The Indians called it "oolachan," some times .spelled "eulachon." which has been corrupted by whites into "hooll gan. It is common in Alaskan anu British Columbia streams, as well as in the Columbia. R. E. Clanton, master fish warden. Is authority for the statement that the longevity and habits of the Co lumbia river smelt have never been made the subject of exhaustive study. and that this season is the first in which trained observation has been directed. The present attempt includes a study of the reproductive organs ot the female smelt, to discover whether nature has provided for a second spawning. It is not known at pres ent whether smelt return to ITie ocean or perish in the rivers as does the salmon after visiting the spawn- ng beds. If the billions of smelt in an ordi nary run were to die in iresn w ater. t is contended, the evidences of such demise would be prevalent, even to the point of pollution of so mighty a stream as the Columbia. On the other hand, the return of the smelt run to salt water, if it does return, never has been observed. Fish commission officials, including Master Warden Clanton and Secretary Carl shoe maker, of the fish commission, ex pect to make tests this week toward solving the riddle. The journey of the smelt fry to the ocean is another phase of the life cycle that is In darkness. None has seen, so far as the records shofw, the migration of the infant fish from the birthplace river to salt water. Their numbers must be uncounted myriads, and if the fry were even an inch in length the passage of the infant smelt would be plainly discernible. It is conjectured that the fry run to sea when extremely small. But all this Is guess work. An at tempt is now launched to learn more of the actual life history of the Co lumbia river smelt. Specimens now held at Bonneville hatchery will he kept under observation to determine whether they are subject to demise after spawning, while an attempt will also be made, with nets, to discover whether any portion of the recent heavy run has retraced its course to the Pacific. POLITICS SKEX IS MAW PKODKS Woman Farmer Doubtful of Sincerity of Shipyard Invrstlgnl ions. HH.LSBORO. Or., May 5. (To the Editor.) Did not the democrats be fore election pledge themselves to an economical administration? If so, why do they not begin to make good before asking for another trial? Why so many investigations on the eve of a presidential election? Do the democrats need campaign funds, or are they trying, after their last four years' record, to convince the people of the honesty of their administration, and think they can hoodwink us women into electing an other peace president? WelL there is much to be explained Why has the west been discrimi nated against? Why did Oregon get no cantonment? Why, when our shipyards made such a w'ondcrful record in war time, must they now stand an investigation? Are these varda republican politically? Were they solicited for democratic cam paisn funds, and possibly failed to i put. up.' , is tnis unwarranted attack on Oregon's industries a slap at the state for its political sympathies Are we. goir.g to sit still, as we did in 1916, and be fed sugar-coated pills? Are we going to permit the govern ment to paralyze our industries and pauperize labor? Why do we not as a whole demand that the administration begin to con cern itself with the present and fu ture problems of our country and stop this junketing, hunting for mare's nests? I am a widow; have two sons. One went across, the other was rejected on account of the loss of index fin ger. but he worked in a shipyard in the wintej- and helped on our small farm in the summer. I worked all the time trying to do my bit. Our taxes are out of all proportion to our resources, and I want officia economy so do all the small farmers but how are we to tret it? A FARMER .WOMAN. Safety First la lltmosatratrd. The doughboy paced the deck of the returning transport nervouRly, cast ing scornful glances at the bras sarded ficure below on the dork. He vearned to yell to it one final fare well, yet feared to do so. Memory of a recently read special order warned him that It would bring dis aster. As the ship slipped away on its journey toward America he bit his lin to hold it bacR. . Some days later he stood regarding the shin's bulletin board. "H'm," he mused. "Six hundred and fourteen miles away. They can't throw me off now." Then, turning toward the east, he cunDed his hands to his mouth and bellowed scornfully: "Now, who is h 1 won the war"" Pennlonn for Civil War Veteran. PORTLAND. May 6. (To the Edi tor.) I wonder if you would please Inform me how and to whom I can go in order to look up a civil war veteran's pension? My step-father served in the war, but never received his pension, as he had no one to look It up for him. His house was burned down and his dis charge papers burned up. But I be lieve there would be some way to get it for him and he is old and sick, and surely needs it. MRS. STEWART. Write to commissioner of pensions, Washington, D. C, for information how to proceed. "He" or Him." PORTLAND. May 6. (To the Edi tor.) To settle a dispute, will you please answer this through your col umns: A says this is correct: "If you were he." B says this is correct: "If you were him." .. Which should be used, "he" or "him?" v A SUBSCRIBER. "If you were he" is correct. More TYuth Than. Poetry. By James J. 9)ontagne. THE REIGN OF TERROR. We tip-toe softly to and fro; We never laugh, we seldom smile; Without a word we come and go And tremble in our shoes the while. There's scarce a sound in all the room; In fact, we do not dare to speak. But sit enwrapped In clouds of gloom The Boss has got a grouchy streak. We slap each other on the back. And talk and laugh like happv folk; Existence, once so drear aid biack. Now seems a rather kindly joke. We do our duties with a song. Like healthy-naturfed people should; Our hearts are lighter, all day long The Boss is feeling pretty "good. Our moods are fashioned by his whim. He frowns, and lo! we grow de pressed : But just a pleasant smile from him. And evervthinir spems f.,r tim 1,01 We call ourselves the brave and free; We thiuk we rule our fates, but still. We know that 'tis our lot to be The creature of a tyrant's will. A tyrant with a hairless head. Pink fingers and a single tooth. Who writrelcs in his trundle bed. Yet bends our wills to his. forsooth. For not a monarch e'er possessed Such undisputed sovereign powers. Or wielded them with such a zet-t As does this pudsy Boss of ours. ... At Three a Throw. Nobody but billionaires would fin as characters in a modern "Ten Nights in a Barroom." Advice to lamllilalm. Speak softly audi carry a big fiask. . Hot Wc Ilavr Hopes. We know- Mars by siRhl. but we haven't a speaking acquaintance. (Copyright, 1?20. hy the Bell Syndi cate. Inc.) The hawthorne heds glistening. dear. Its blossoms pink and rose. There are bright-hued flowers upon tne gown or spring; A nameless melody we hear. in rhythmic tone it fl Tlie air is throbbi thing. From every hillside tumbling- Hnu-n With chui-hlcs of delicti!. Are tiny streams that race with reck less glee To join the creek now muddv hrown. that wanders out of i;rht Between the banks beneath the eertaR tree. I'he hawthorne flauats its ihimmcr- nig green, With trimmings Pink and rose The birds are trilling wildly of the spring. Life's meaning calls in everv seene its inagic softly glows, warms with subtle fire each living tiling. And In Other Days. Twenty-five 1mm Ago. Krom The Oi-egonimi of Mxy 7. 1SDS The May uini 01 the state circuit court, which will be a. very busy one. opened auspiciously yesterday with the new jury prcss-nt. Plans and methods of Influenein-- Oregon residents to use home prod ucts have been formulated by the manufacturers' association of the northwest. James M. Lively uf Port Tow ncud. promoter of the proposed sale and consolidation of Portland electric. lines, arrived In town yesterdav but eft last evening for the east Coney Island. Juke Kiltaln would have bt-eii knockt-d out in the List round of a bout here with Sieve O'DonnclI of Australia had the police not stopped the inath. Fifty Vfsrs Ann. I'roin The Oreconian of May 7. 1S70. San Francisco. A new paper t-alled the Pacific Coast Women's Journal and devoted to the advoeacy of wom en's rights has- made its uppcara 111:0 here. I Several young men of Iho city have clubbed together i.ttfi formed an ama teur bras3 oand. They piay vciy well. , We learn from L. II. Wakefield, dis bursing agent, that the sum of $'J4,77o has thus tar been paid out of the $100, 0U0 appropriation of congress fur the new customs house and postoffice. A private letter from London. Eng land, says an immense exi-ursion tarty of merchants, capitalists and families will visit the coast in June. PeKMimistle View of I-sndsrspc. PORTLAND, May 6. (To the Edi tor.) Would it be fair to take a neg ative view of the landscape? In the sermon of the Kev. Levi Johnston printed Monday, the beauties of Port land are described as laid out by Liod whe'n he made the world. Rut when we investigate evidence we find half of that public domain is worthless, barren rocks, as it was left by the Creator without soil or being made a little level. The city was eloquently described as beautiful. But are the rose gar dens of more importance than the po tato gardens? - And is it a street or an alley when one goes around a garbage wagon at the front door, and runs into a woodpile, and falls over an open cellar door on the sidew-aik? We could get a better view of the doors if they were perpendicular, as those of the comfort station that is located on the sidewalk in front of a select Portland hotel. E. F. FUNK. 30? Jefferson street. Callow I Iteturn to Bnrbnrtm. REEDVILLE, Or., May 6. (To the Editor.) Statistics on murders com mitted before and after the abolition of capital punishment in Oregon are not reliable. A man with murder in his heart goes for his gun, regardless of the gallows. The statement tht the gallows is a deterrent to crime is the height of nonsense, and doesn't ring true. The abolition of capital punishment is a progressive step to rid the state of a gruesome thing which has ceased to find favor with civilized communi ties. Th fact that a degenerate beast kills his victim doesn't mean that the state ought to soil its hands with his life's blood. The cry for the return of the gallows and Us bloody trappings reflects a state of mind which had Its horning during the war, when the minds of men became in flamed by the wholesale letting of blood. Vote to keep the shadow of a bloody past out of our fair state. O. E. FRANK. When-Woman' Slgnn Note. MiiMlXXVILLE, Or., May '5. (To the Editor.) I wish to know if a wife of S. "signs a note, later Is di vorced and marries another man, is Ehe responsible and liable for note signed as S.s' wife? A READER. In signing the note she acted In her capacity as an individual and not In that of wife, and is still liable. Hawthorne. By (irace li Hall.