THE - MORNING OKEGOXIANr MOXDAT, DECEMBER 1, 1919.
BAKER FOR CHANGE
m
.organization of War De
apartment Also Advised.
TRAINING PLAN FAVORED
there was resolution and a clear-
ig-hted knowledge of the size of the
ask. It would have been idle to
plan for a small American army. On
the other hand, it required imag-ina-
ion and daring to plan for a large
ne to take a million American men
to France, separate them from, home
by 3,000 miles of ocean and subject
them to the hazard of the uncertain
nd diminishing food supplies of Eu
rope. And there still remained the
urtber question: If these difficul
ties could be overcome, could they be
overcome in time?
'General Pershine and . his asso-
iates grave no room to doubt and ac
cepted no counsel except that of de
termination. When the critical hour
came and the combined energies of
Secretary Advocates System of
.' Schools in Connection Willi
V Military Instruction.
."WASHINGTON. Nov. 30. War ex
perience plainly enows the necessity
for fundamental reorganization of the
army and of the war department it
teif. Secretary Baker declared today
in his auual report. He recommended
that the emergency organization, re
duced to the peace-time size, be made
permanent, and approved the general
Btaf bill for a regular establishment
'adequate in size to be the nucleus of
any great military mobilization the
country may be called upon to make,"
and backed up by a system of uni
versal training.
"In such a policy," Mr. Baker said,
"the accent is upon the citizen and
not the soldier; the officers becoming
a permanent corps of experts and the
men a body temporarily devoting a
portion of their time to military train
ing in order that they may enter civil
life with a sense of national service
and with superior equipment for suc
cess." ' "It is difficult to believe," he said,
denying any danger of militarism,
"that an army could be formed of
Americans, educated in our common
schools, raised in the free and demo
cratic atmosphere of our institutions,
which would still be hostile to those
institutions and liberties. The world
war jias miuwn 1 1 u 1 1 . . . . j ...... -
armies reflect the spirit of the people
from whom they come, rather than
create a spirit of their own, so that
the size of the army is not so im
portant from the point of view now
under consideration, as the kind of an
army."
Educational Feature Argued.
The selective service law was ac
cepted as a fair means of assigning
men to military service in time of
war, Mr. Baker said, but compulsory
service in time of peace would be "a
poor substitute for the volunteer
principal properly applied." Raising
a. standing army by financial induce
ment Is too costly to contemplate, he
added, leaving only the method of
"making enlistment in the army an
educational opportunity" to furnish
the troops.
The recommendation for an in
creased standing army, he declared,
should not be taken to indicate a dis
inclination toward the prospect of
disarmament.
-"Those who know the spirit of the
American army," the secretary said,
"will not ascribe to it any provocative
temper. There is glory left in the
career and the sacrifice of the soldier,
but the mild and spectacular contests
of an earlier age have become a stern
and cruel business, and while there is
cheerful willingness to encounter the
privations and make the sacrifices
which war demands, the men of the
American army are abreast with' en
lightened men everywhere in the hope
that more humane and rational pro
cesses of adjustment will supersede
the waste and loss of armed conflict.
They are, however, of the belief that
so long as it is necessary forus to
maintain an army at all we are not
justified in having an inefficient
army, and their recommendations are
lo be viewed as setting them apart
us men who, by reason of their exper
ience, are qualified to speak upon the
provision whicli should be made for
the common good and the common
protection should the test of war be
come unavoidable."
Plan Is Infolded.
The plan recommended, Mr. Baker
aid, looks to the establishment of
systems of schools teaching the for-
m;il branches of education and adding
to them the skilled trades, "so that at
the end of a term of enlistment, the
young man entering in his nineteenth
year will go back to civil life with
the physical set-up which the ouen.
athletic life of the army gives, and
with tne education and training which
will make him more valuable in civil
pursuits than he could otherwise have
been. Social and recreational oppor
uinlties also must be supplied, he
said, so that the graduate from the
army "will bring back with him the
social virtues which result from edu
cation of mind and hand acquired in
an environment made stimulating by
the presence of a high purpose and
nonse of service, and generous asso
ciation with his fellows."
"The military policy recommendc-d
by the war department, therefore, in
volves a new army created with a new
spirit, having wide civic usefulness
and of such size and origination as to
be an adequate reliance in case of
eed. the report said.
Air. Baker said the operations in
ranee would be dealt with in the
special report being prepared bv Gen
eral Pershing. Not even the allied war
council, he said, had realized the ef
fect upon Germany of the accelerated
movement of troops and supplies from
the United States, and all plans had
Deen prepared for a vigorous cam
paign in the spring of 1919.
, Savins 1m Cited.
naa not tne great troop move
ment of the summer of 1918 been
carried out," he said, "the practically
continuous battle on the west fron
nom Aiarcn to November would not
nave oeen possible. The saving to
the world in thus shortening the w
was incalculable alike in life and
treasure.
The text of the initial order to Gen
eral Tershiiig, which is quoted, show
he was instructed to keep the Amei
lean army "a separate and distint
component of the combined forces, th
Identity of which must be preserved
he method -of co-operation with th
Miles was left to his discretion and,
Mr. Baker added, that the authorit
thus conferred "was never in any par
tictilar modified or diminished."
"There were elements in the prob
nviii which might well have cause
crave apprehension," the report said
"I he armies of France, Great Britai
and Italy had borne for three years
the furious and deadly assaults of the
great German military machine, the
loll levied by battle upon the man
power of these nations had been ap
palling, and it was becoming in
creasingly difficult for them to main
tain their divisions at full strength.
The submarine peril menaced the
supply of munitions of war and of
foodstuffs to great civil populations.
"Meanwhile the German armies had
crushed long-planned offensives by
the allied armies with apparent ease
and by the collapse of Russia were
daJly being strengthened by divisions
of trained soldiers brought from the
eastern front until the menace of su
perior numbers and apparently inex
haustible supplies of the munitions
of war haunted the councils of the
allied powers.
Small Army I'aeltrtiM.
"But those who visited General
Pershing's headquarters during the
war ktiuw lUtil i.oiu the beg'uuiug
CALIFORNIA SENATOR WHO
FRAHKD AlTOMOBaK
LAWS OF" THAT STATE.
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is.
Senator F. L. Eksward of the
California legislature, father of
the California automobile law,
will address the members' fo
rum of the Chamber of Com
merce December 8 on "Uniform
ity of Automobile Laws in Pa
cific Coast States."
Senator Eksward has com
pleted a tour of Washington
state, where he addressed civic
bodies in Seattle, Spokane, Ta
coma and other centers. He
has toured Arizona and was in
Salem the past week.
Discussing his theory, Senator
Eksward said:
"It has been my thought in
advocating uniformity in motor
vehicle laws for the Pacific
coast states that with such a
system the motorist who com
plied with the law of his home
state would know that in other
states the law is substantially
the same and therefore he would
find greater pleasure in touring.
Every man is supposed to know
the law and ignorance of it is
no excuse. Much damage, finan
cial loss and even the taking of
human life would largely be
avoided if automobile owners
and drivers were better in
formed as to the laws and acted
in accordance with them."
He pointed out wide variance
in headlight laws of the Pacific
coast states, necessitating
changes in lighting systems on
cars used en tour. He also
cited the lack of standard rules
of the road and explained laws
designed to prevent auto theft
and other matters concerning
which he holds the Pacific coast '
states should get together.
the United States and Great Britain
did surpass all previous estimates and
landed 2,000,000 men in France, the
arrangements made for their recep-
on and their maintenance were
found adequate: and had the war gone
on and the 80-division program been
carried out, the imagination and dar
ing of these early plans would still
have been adequate.
"It is a wonderful story and ex
hibits at its best the confidence in
their institutions which Americans
may justly have."
Separate Air Force Oppoied.
Mr. Baker opposes creation of a de
partment of the air because of the
undeveloped state of the industry,
necessitating federal regulation, as
well as because of military consid
erations. It would be oust as fatal to
separate forces from the army, he
maintained.
Since June 30, 1918. the report
shows, it has been found necessary
to use federal troops on 16 separate
occasions to preserve law and order.
The incidents listed range from In
dustrial "Workers of fne World activ'
ISM
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Get Red Cross Cough Drops
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AfJDrsf, Cnij mui Clgmr Start!
Mute by
Candy Bros. Mfg. Co.
n St. Louis
ities in Arizona to recent movements
in the coal fields. Mr. Baker con
cludes his report with an apprecia
tion of the services of Oeneral Peyton
C. March, chief of staff.
"I would be wanting," he said,
were I to fail to refer to the broad
imagination, the unremitting energy.
the firmness of purpose with which
he has pressed forward the pro
gramme. Without his strength and
vision- much that was done could not
have been done. As it is, I can only
record the successful conclusion ot
the great war, the splendid efficiency
of Americas participation, and an
enlightened treatment of post-war
problems which has gone far to re
store the industry and commerce of
the country and to close up our finan
cial and business relations in an har
monious and satisfactory way."
Plane Factory to Start Soon.
CENTRALIA, Wash., Nov. 30.
(Special.) F. Angeles, of the Angeles
Aircraft corporation, which has been
operating in Seattle, announced yes
terday that the- company will begin
manufacturing airplanes in- its new
plant here about December 10. Most
of the machinery is here and the
balance is on -the way. Much new
equipment has been purchased. The
company's factory is located on East
Main street and offices have been
opened in the First Guaranty Bank
building.
Ethel Mill Gets Improvements.
CHEHAXJS. Wash.. Nov. 80. (Spe
cial.) The daily capacity of the saw
mill formerly owned by Walter Flan
igan of Ethel is being increased to
25,000 feet daily by the installation of
improvements by the new manage
ment. Recently this plant was taken
over by the International Mill & Ex
port company of Portland. Included
in the improvement is a new engine
and other equipment. The mill is lo
cated at Ethel, 16 miles east of Che
halis and ships by way of the Emery
& Nelson logging road making a short
haul by wagon.
Will There Be a
VICTROLA
In Your Home
This Christmas?
There Is a Style
For Every Purse
Prices $25 U pward
Convenient Terms
Sherman JMay& Ga v
ftivfli anil T17vrricwi fttc t
Portland
(Opposite Postoffice)
Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane
Go Tooight!
See, hear, laugh at "FANTANA"
you'll pronounce it a hit. It's
worth-while the songs are great
music fine principals wonderful and
IT'S VERY, VERY FUNNY
Jeff De Angeles starred in "Fantana." It never got to Portland, but we think
you'll find it a rattling good, laughable, witty, beautiful production. Magnificent
scenic effects, some remarkable lighting, Oriental and American costumes and, all
in all. the kind of Alcazar show that makes you go away saying: "How on earth
can they do it?" Come Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday we have the best seats
those days.
2 BARGAIN MATINEES WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY
ALCAZA1R
Phones:
Broadway 37
and 535-43
11th and Morrison
Lower Floor, 10 Rows, $1; 00 Seats 75 Centp
Entire Balcony 50 Cents
The Best in Musical Productions Every Night at 8:15 Wednesday and Saturday Matinees
APortlainidlWomaE Write
"How can the Alcazar present
bigger, better, brighter and
more tuneful shows than the
road productions at the other
theaters? And how can you
give these better and more
massive musical productions
so much cheaper?"
And Here's Our Answer
Dear INI ad am: The answer is very easy.
The Alcazar Players' success is due firstly to the caliber of our
stars every whit as good as the "stars" that come to Portland in ,
road shows. Most of our players have themselves STARRED. We
pay them just as much as the road players are paid.
We have just as tuneful, just as pretty a chorus. And a bigger
chorus, too, than the road productions usually have. We pay the
chorus as much and more.
And as our orchestra plays with our players all the time, it is al
ways rehearsed, always ready and far better than an orchestra
PICKED UP FOR THE OCCASION.
Our costumes, you'll admit, are as good or better. Our stage set
tings are new and clean, not time-worn and smashed and banged
about by touring.
So, how do we do it?
The answer is absurdly simple. We can play at cheaper prices be
cause our costs are less and in this way:
WE HAVE NO TRAVELING EXPENSES.
To move a company the size of ours MORE THAN 50
WONDERFUL MUSICAL PLAYERS to Seattle would cost
$500 for fares alone. Hundreds of dollars more to transport
wardrobe and scenery.
The jump to San Francisco would cost $1500, with more hun
dreds of dollars for scenery and wardrobe. AND THESE
GREAT JUMPS FOR A TWO - DAY OR THREE - DAY
SHOWING.
That's why THEY have to charge $2, $2.50 and $3, while we can
produce these fine, just as new, more tuneful productions with our
fresh, untired people for $1, 75 cents (500 seats) and 50 cents (the
entire balcony).
So you may realize how GOOD a production we can give, we shall be
glad to welcome you this week every day, with Wednesday and
Saturday matinees to "FANTANA." Sincerely yours,
THE ALCAZAR THEATER.
P. S. To get the BEST seats, please visit us tonight, Tuesday or
Wednesday. We often have no seats at all on Thursday, Friday
and Saturday, because of the tremendous demand.