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About Morning Oregonian. (Portland, Or.) 1861-1937 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1919)
THE MORNING OREGONIAN, 3TONDAY, SEPTE3IBER 1, 1919, PERSIC'S CLAMOR FOR DEATH HEEDED 3aker Willing to Sacrifice Four to Please High Command. TRIAL SHOWN TO BE FARCE Crowder Admits Infractions Do Not Deserve Firing Squad, but He Would Suit General Anyway. OREGONIAN NEWS BUREAU, Wash ington, Aug. 31. Senator Chamberlain's recent speech In the senate placing in the record a letter from General Sam uel T. Ansell attacking particularly the alleged inhuman attitude of Enoch H. Crowder. judge advocate-general in court-martial cases has stirred the war department to the extent of revealing some secret, but interesting facts. The cases cited by General Ansell w hich placed General Crowder, and the enrire war administration for that mat ter, at the most disadvantage were those of four 18-year-old boys sentenced to death. These were all boys who had volunteered at the beginning of the war. Trial Lrsral Fare. General Ansell said: Tt.., worn the first death sen .,.. received from France. In the . . . ih rtpath Denalty was awarded for a charge of sleeping upon post, and in the last two ror reiusai to go to drill. The trials were legal . livver who will look , ih'.' record will see. In each two of the cases the trial consumed about three-quarters of an hour, and the rec ord occupies less than four loosely type written pages. me omcr i -sumed slightly more time and resulted in a slightly larger record. Tk. abused were virtually denied the assistance of counsel and the right of defense. A eecona neuicnmin counsel made no effort to assist. That t !- were hindered rattier man neii" by counsel is demonstrated by the fact that in the case where a plea of guilty was entered the sole effort of counsel .,isted of his calling a witness and uckinir him this Question: - -Was the accused's record good up iki. tiTno? Answer It was not. It was one of the worst In the company.1 Two Make No Fight. -Two nlcaded guilty to a capital offense and the other two made not the slightest fisht for their lives. Even if the men had been tried and convicted, no just judge could have awarded the death penalty. These young soldiers had been driven to the point of extreme exhaustion. At the time of the commis sion of the offenses, the military au thorities evidently regarded them very liphtly- t . ... "The two who were charged with sleeping on post were not relieved from notst nor were they arrested or accused for 10 days thereafter, and the two who were charged with refusal to drill were not arrested or charged for a month thereafter. But at this juncture the authori ties abruptly changed their policy nd decided to make an example of these men. General Pershing, who. under tha law. had nothing to do with these cases. Injected his power and authority into the course of justice, clamored for the death penalty and asked that the -atle be used to transmit to him the mandate of death." Live Lightly Regarded. The Ansell letter then cited the rec ord to show an admission by General Crowder that by right and justice the boys ought not to die but that in view of General Pershing's position the de partment should uphold him in present ing a united front to the president. The case happened to come to the attention of General Ansell about that time and he filed a memorandum at once pointing out reversible errors and recommending that the sentences be set aside. Three other judge advocates toncurred heartily in the Ansell rec mendation. Another citation from the record shows that Crowder finally be came impressed with "certain facts" which had come to his attention, mean ing points contained in the Ansell memoranda. Perching Clamor Heeded. But new evidence, or new facts, mat tered nothing to General Crowder, ap parently, because In a memorandum to General March, chief of staff, he said: "It may have escaped your notice that General Pershing has no office of review In these cases. He seems to have required that these cases be sent to him for the purpose of putting on the record an expression of his views that all four men should te placed before the firing squad. I do not make this statement for the purpose of criti cising his action indeed, I sympathize with it." But notwithstanding the indifference of the judge advocate-general to the terrible fate of the four boys, hardly more than children, they were saved from death by the president, although little was said about it perhaps because U might humiliate the war department which was willing to concur in the ex ecution of the four youths to please the high command. bra In Seattle, now tha WJlkes, and made tt successful. Since then playhouses have been built or acquired until the company s circuit, exclusive of the houses named in the recent merger, embraced the Liberty, Coliseum, Strand and Mission in Se attle; the Liberty and -Columbia, in Portland, and the Rialto. in Butte. The heads of departments and house man agers are all northwestern men. trained to the organization's conception of the atrical ideals. J. C. Stille. manager of the Peoples theater since 1917, will remain with that house, so far as Is known at pres ent, but is currently reported to be con sidering an offer to represent the Fa mous Players-Lasky corporation as a sales representative in Europe. CITIZEN IM IS URGED MILITARY TRAINING IN SCHOOLS PART OF SYSTEM. 1 ER1CISCD TO SEE REVIEW TODAY Daniels, Back From . Hawaii, Leaves Monterey. BIG WELCOME IS PLANNED FILM HOUSES ARE MERGED f C o ntlnud From First Pmge.l sea, "that tens of thousands of young r-eople are daily in our audiences. I tmve repeatedly booked plays of beau tiful moral and genuine uplift, but ivold of general appeal, and there fore shown at a comparative financial loss, just as our contribution to the community welfare. I believe that .very manager in America who Is go tnt? ahead is actuated by the same Idea." Jensen & Von Herberg purchased the ftctory theater In Tacoma three week ago. Mince then the control of thre ther Tacoma theaters has passed into heir bands, adding to the circuit the Kl:ilto, Strand and Colonial. H. O. Moore will remain as resident manager In Tacoma. It is also announced that the Liberty theater in Medford. acquired by Jensen lc Von Herberg. will shortly be re olaced by a palatial new motion pic ture house. Colombia Lease t nexplred. Two current bits of local gossip re curding Portland theaters are tor pedoed by Mr. Jensen, who says that the rumor that the lease to the Colum bia has expired, and that the building Is to be occupied by a bank. Is wholl.t Incorrect. Jensen tt Von Herberg. it is stated, have a lease on the Columbia which will not expire for a number of tears. The report that the Star the ater is to ba closed is also dented, though the new management qualifies this with the suggestion that It may be closed for remodeling for a brief period. The association of Jensen Sk Von Her. berg began 10 years ago with one tiny theater, the National, in Seattle, on the alt of the present Joshua Green build ing. Following the launching of this venture the firm took over the Albam- Half Million to Graduate Into Guard Each Year, National Security League Proposes. WASHINGTON, Aug. 31. Organiza tion through a new system of uni versal military training of a great citizen army to be known as the Na tional Guard corps was proposed to day by the National Guard association in a statement made public through the National Security league. Thirty divisions of the National Guard corps, functioning as a separate corps of the United States army, under the direction of the secretary of war. Is proposed. Instead of subjecting all 19-year-old youths to a three months' course of intensive military training as proposed by the war department, tha guard as sociation would have military training as a part of the national public school system with-- youths entering this course when 14 years of age. After this preliminary training, they would be given two months', training in the field and then would be graduated into the 'guard, where they would serve actively for two years and nine months before being placed in the reserve for three years. Estimating that 600,000 youths would be graduated into the guard every year, the statement said that after six years "we would have a most effective army of S. 000. 000 men. 1,600,000 In the so called active service and 1,600,000 In re serve, all -of them graduates of the training camps." To immediately re-establish the na tional guards corps and "give it a good start," the association proposed that the law provide for the re-organization In this corps of the former national guard and national army divisions which existed during the great war. All officers who were honorably dis charged from such units would, upon their own application, be re-commis-stoned In the grades held by them at the time of the discharge and assigned to units of the national guard corps in the vicinity of their homes. Similarly all officers of the organized militia or Patriotic. Fervor Grips City and Gay Garb Donned In Preparation for Great Celebration. MONTEREY, Cal., Aug. 31. (By the Associated Press.) The dreadnought New York with its escort of four destroyers, which arrived here today on the last lap of Secretary of Navy Daniels' cruise to the Hawaiian islands, left this afternoon for Bolinas bay, north of San Francisco, to rendezvous In readiness for the Pacific fleet re view to be held before Secretary of the Navy Daniels in San Francisco harbor tomorrow. Thousands of persons witnessed the deDarture of the big array of vessels. The past week was dedicated by the residents of Santa Cruz and Monterey counties to welcoming and entertain ing the officers and men of Admiral Hugh Rodman's armada. Salutes Are Exchanged. The battleship New York, bearing Secretary Daniels, returned here at 10:45 A. M. today from Honolulu. As the New York passed into the har bor it exchanged salutes with the guns at the Presidio of Monterey. Secretary Daniels and his party came ashore a short time later and attended services at the Presbyterian church. When the New York dropped anchor here today it had completed a trip of approximately 6000 miles to the terri tory of Hawaii. The trip began at Los Angeles harbor August 12. The secretary passed six days ashore in the territory and everywhere was lavishly entertained by citizens. This same hospitality was showered upon every man and officer of the New York and the destroyers Chauncey, Philip, Dent and Waters which accompanied the secretarial party. SAN FRANCISCO. Aug. 31. Patriotic enthusiasm gripped San Francisco to night in anticipation of the Pacific fleet review tomorrow in San Fran cisco bay by Secretary Daniels. Programmes Are Completed. Finishing touches were being placed upon street decorations and the pro grammes of public and private enter tainment arranged for both officers and enlisted men throughout the week of their stay here. state guards would be recommlssioned I Hundreds of thousands of persons In the new force. INHERITANCE TAX IS $3800 Davis Estate Assessed at Salem on Basis of $250,775. SALEM. Or.. Aug. 31. (Special.) The estate of Charles Henry Davis, whose holdings In Marion county total $250,775. will pay state inheritance tax of $3800, according to an order approved yesterday by Judge Bingham In the cir cuit court. . .. . . v --. The estate is apportioned among three heirs. Edith M. Davis. . whose share amounts to $1!5,387.50; Charles H. Davis and Harriet Weyerhauser. whose respective shares will amount to ? 62,- 63.75. Mr. Davis' total holdings at the time of his death aggregated several millions of dollars. J. J. HENDERSON DEAD Ex-Portlander, Once Consul at Amoy, China, Passes Away. EUGENE, Or., Aug. 31. (Special.) J. J. Henderson, a resident of Eugene and Portland In the early days, died at San Diego, Cal., Friday according to a telegram received by his sister, Mrs. L K. Peters of this city. Mr. Henderson began his business career as a printer on The Oregonian and later took a law course at Albany, N. Y. For eight years he was United States consul at Amoy, China. Mr. Henderson is survived by his widow, a son, at Coronado, Cal., and a daughter in Los Angeles. Mrs. J. H. McClung of Portland Is a sister. CONFERENCE TO BE CALLED ffonttnued From First Paite.) what at the moment might tend to in crease the cost of living, but let him do all in his power to increase the pro duction and, further than that, let him t tha same time himself carefully economize in the matter of consumption. Danger Held Greater Than War. 'By common action in this direction we shall overcome a danger greater than the danger of war. We will hold steady a situation which Is fraught with possibilities of hardship and suffering to a large part of our population; we will enable the processes of production to overtake the processes of consump tion, and we will speed the restoration of an adequate purchasing power for wages. I am particularly gratified at the support which the government's policy has received from the representatives of organized labor, and I earnestly hope that the workers generally will em phatically indorse the position of their leaders and thereby move with the gov ernment instead of against it in tha solution of this great domestic prob lem. I am calling for as early a date as practicable a conference in which au thoritative representatives of labor, and those who direct labor, will discuss fundamental means of bettering the whole relationship of capital and labor and putting the whole question of wages upon another footing." Tha proposed conference. It was stated authoritatively tonight, would be called to meat soon after President Wil son returns at the end of September from his speech-making tour of the west. It waa thought likely that the meeting would be held at the .white house. Proposals that a conference between labor and employers be held has been urged from a number of quarters. Sec retary Lane expressed the belief In a statement recently that the' president should call such a meeting. Resolu tions are pending in both houses of congress urging that workers and em ployers be brought together. In the president's promise to call tha conference, officials saw alleviation of the tension existing In organized labor. residents and visitors made plans to watch the entrance of the fleet into the harbor and its review, either from launches and yachts or from Marina, Telegraph Hill, Land's Eyd, or any one of a score of other vantage points. From Bolinas bay tomorrow morning at a signal from the dreadnought New Mexico, flagship of Admiral Hugh Rod man, commander in chief of the fleet, the long line of ships will start for the Golden Gate. Rodman Will Pilot Fleet. Admiral Rodman himself, on the bridge of the New Mexico, will pilot the fleet through Bonita channel and down the baynjiast the. famous old battleship Oregon, from hlch Secre tary Daniels will review the ships, and finally to archorage already desig nated, both at San Francisco and at Oakland, across the bay. After the review, San Francisco will ask the officers and -enlisted men to partake of her hospitality. The week's entertainment includes al: lost every form of diversion that anybody ever thought might be ac ceptable to a sailor of the United States navy. Sailors' Families Come West. SAN FRANCISCO. Naval authorities at headquarters of the thirteenth naval district here said hundreds of families of naval officers and enlisted men would move to various Paciflo ports to take up residence with the conung- of GERMAN EXODUS PROMISED Continued From Flret Past.) Popular lectures for prospective emi grants attract big audiences. Alert promoters are beginning to ex ploit what are characterized by the wise as "sucker fields." Prospective emigrants are urged to invest in these before moving to them. In the town of Saalfield, where there are 20,000 in habitants, 31 families have announced their intention of emigrating to Argen tina. Information Bureaus Swamped. All information bureaus are swamped with Inquiries about foreign lands where settlers might prosper. The con sulates are besieged by applicants, while so-called state migration offices at subsidiary departments of the minis try of the interior receive thousands of letters every day from prospective bona fide emigrants. This tremendous potential emigration wave for the present Is still held back by a formidable dam of government red tape. Government resistance to whole sale emigration is not as effective as are the obvious physical barriers, one of which is the fact that no matter where a German plans to go there is virtually no means of getting there at present. Latin-America Open. The understanding here is that the whole Anglo-Saxon world is barred to German Immigrants and will be for a number of years. This leaves virtu ally only South America and Mexico open to German invasion' for the pres ent and the immediate future. While immigration on a large scale has been throttled by lack of ships, the few that are running to South America have their passenger lists filled until the first of the year. The emigration tide to South Amer ica and Mexico will Increase as ship ping facilities increase. The costs of passage are high. This, combined with the low rate of the German mark, im poses another obstacle In the path of the prospective emigrant. A steerage passage from Holland to Argentina to day costs 1S00 marks. A voyage to Mexico is even more expensive as it entails trans-shipping In Spain. More over, because of the depreciated Ger man mark it costs a German a small fortune in German paper money to ob tain even modest capital in the money of another nation. Best Alone Can Leave. In view of the circumstances stated a unique situation results. It Is that only the really best elements in Ger many can afford to emigrate. Conse. quently the flower of Germany's mid dle class will compose the emigration during the next few years. The old type of German emigrant will be con spicuous by his absence. He will be re placed by the professional men, the live business men, ex-officers, land-owners, the highest skilled artisans and those frugal elements which have saved con siderable money. The desire to dodge crushing super taxes and pessimism about Germany's economic future will be responsible chiefly for driving countless thousands of Germans to other lands. Persons rendered jobless by the war, revolution or the peace terms, including thousands of officers, look to South America and Mexico to start a new existence. Still another large and interesting group in with or disgruntled over the revolu tion and unable to reconcile themselves to the new order in Germany. Government Is Concerned. The present government takes a grave view of the coming emigration problem. The policy of the government is to mildly discourage emigration, as it recognizes that Germany's greatest as set is her man power. It realizes that the only way of ever attempting to live up to the treaty obligations is to keep all Germans who can work at home in Germany and make them work their hardest. The government realizes that if mil lions or even, hundreds of thousands, consisting of the best elements of the nation, emigrate, many millions In capi tal values and in annual taxes will be lost. This it is certain would react dis astrously on any attempt to fulfill rep aration obligations. On the other hand, the government realizes that the emi gration movement will develop such elemental. forces during the winter and thereafter that the pressure will burst all barriers. Hence the government seeks to control emigration through the state migration office, which is an elaborate governmental organization domiciled on Wllhelmstrasse. Migration Office Bnsy. With many sided functions, the state migration office is intended to be a mediating center and a connecting link between the German colonies and the fatherland, keeping an intimate touch with so-called "outland Germans." It at tempts to dissuade those elements from migrating whose going would be a loss to the nation. More important, it at tempts to control and influence, or at least steer into-the most desirable chan nels, those Germans who are abso lutely determined to leave the father land and to turn the emigration tide to tnose nelds which are considered in German's and the emigrants' best In terest. The migration office does this partly by home propaganda and partly by so liciting inquiries from and following up all prospective emigrants, studying each individual case and proffering in formation and advice free of charge.' To this end it has a large force of ex perts In charge of departments cover ing every country. They study emi gration possibilities and the problems of the various countries, collect and digest all manner of Information about them and give prospective emigrants the benefit of their knowledge. Wholesome Advice Given. For instance, in advising the differ ent categories of emigrants what coun try they had best go to and from which they had better keep away, the pros pective emigrant is being told that it would be unwise for him to go to any part of the British empire. The emi grants are also officially discouraged from entering the United States until the time comes when "Germans will again be welcome there." At present the emigrants chiefly are advised to go to Mexico, Argentina and other South American countries. The government bureau tries to route emigrants to countries where compact German settlements already exist so that the emigrants may not lose their Germanism. Propaganda for emi grants urges them to be loyal to the new home-land but not to forget the old fatherland and to keep up the German language and customs in the schools. Paternalism Is Extended. Germanism existing generally with in the framework of the laws and in the customs of Argentina and Mexico makes these countries especially de sirable destinations for the German emigrants. Besides, the German ele ment in both of these countries Is a powerful factor. Lastly, the govern ment, through the emigration office, extends paternalism to emigrants at ports of debarkation, sees to their com fort in transit and upon arrival and, in short, gives information, advice and assistance from the start to the end of a journey. The office also sees to it that the ships are in sanitary con dition, that the food is wholesome and after the emigrant has arrived at his future home helps him get settled. TEACHER QUOTA ASSURED Linn County Schools Practically Ready for Opening. ' ALBANY, Or.. Aug. 31. (Special.) Practically all Linn county schools will be supplied with teachers for the com ing school year. Two weeks ago 83 schools in this county were without teachers and fear was felt that some schools would be unable to open. Published reports of the scarcity of teachers produced results, however, and many applications have been received since .then. According to the county school superintendent there are 31 schools yet without teachers, but appli cations are being received daily so probably all of the schools will be sup-piled. i-IMtSxV n. Asafe ''T&lii Tke standing that the name W3&i Certain-teed has the world ili Vr"- over simPy represents the lXu vCef0 "'T summed-up opinions of the - f : - v iVa ViJjN thousands who have tested ? ' 'Mrr ' Certain-teed quality. V '"tt- It takes the largest roofing mills in the worli unFPll Plinea H&V? irf to produce enough Certain-teed to supply the RtLN5UKrAlKS demand. Certain-teed has to thoroughly mmmmaayjftmffm 1 Z f 1A proved its roofing superiority from every t!9terarw 'hn'M)-"' 7" Al point of service and economy that it is now. Jg$ffl WfWlM-L,' Mv I used everywhere for every type of building. 1."' It makes a clean, firm, protective, permanent iZMWfyW covering that no element can affect ZlyW" &jSf WmlMw weather-proof, spark-proof and rust-proof. ltdTlcl'ai rtviuSiTOHll) Certain-toed Is made In rolls, both smooth and rough 4M"l1irmiAl Ijfflgi&flf iAlan''llvA surfaced (red or preen) also in handsome red or fST!!iSfi i in a Ak J rMv7il lit l4imm I green asphalt shingles for residences. Certain-teti it k m11iASk llMffvll lcr 1 111 l '111 extra quality the name means certainty of quality ' lih-l&Lyjl ewflr Atb I )S M n satisfaction gvaixntced. It will pay you to get SimSSrSw h 'JZrflf Vra 4W fu Certain-teed mott dealers sell it. Aslc for CertAut-teeJ 'filM- vS wl Certain-teed Mr , s p Products Corporation fin Mil MYV U'll Offices and Warehouses la Principal Cities THOUSANDS flflE DESTITUTE RED CROSS MAX WRITES : OF CONDITIONS IN SIBERIA. TIE INSPECTION IS OVER Railroad Administration ' Makes Changes in Personnel. EUGENE, Or., Aug:. 31. (Special.) The work of inspecting- ties at the Unit ed States railroad administration yards at Mayard Is about completed, accord ing: to J. I Bell, .inspector. No more are being: bougni ana none win do taken in until the first of next year. Inspector Bell will soon be trans ferred to Albany and V. L. Gray will be sent here to take his place. Orders have also been received here niacins the Mayard tie yards under the jurisdiction of Charles-Adams, superin tendent of the tie-preserving- plant oi the Southern Pacific company at Latham. the Pacific fleet. Many already are re-i ported enroute from their eastern the category of prospective emigrants homes. I are those who have become disgusted Marriage Incenses Issued. CHEHAXJS. Wash., Aug!31. (Spe cial.) A marriage license was granted to George Parsons, union muis, wasn.. and Lynn Loften, Sumner, Wash. S. & H. green stamps for cash, Hol- man Fuel Company, Main 353. A S3&3. Blockwood, short slabwood, Utah and Rock Springs coal; sawdust. Adv. Death From Exposure and Starva tion Confronts People Unless Relief Soon Is Obtained. Virtually without clothlns, thou sands of men, women and children are nightly using the streets of cities, towns and villages of Siberia for beds and depending upon charity for food, according to a letter received in Port land from R. W. Reder. who is connect ed with the American Red Cross forces In Siberia. Many of these thousands will die from starvation and exposure the com ing winter If relief is not obtained. The bolshevik regime in Russia Is blamed for the terrible conditions which exist, for the soviet officials are said to be placing every obstacle pos sible In the way of relief organizations. Supply trains operated by the Ameri can Red Cross and organizations of allied governments are frequently wrecked by the bolshevlkl, according to Mr. Reder, and U is necessary m place armed guards on every train op erated. In one district 16 trains were wrecked in one day and hundreds of cars and the supplies In them totally destroyed. Mr. Reder is in charge of the drug department of the American Red Cross supply depot at Omsk, one of the larg est distributing centers for central Si. beria. All supplies must be carried to Omsk from Vladivostock, a distance of nearly 3500 miles. TRIBUTE PAID TO HOOVER One of War's Big Men, Declares Lon. don Telegraph. , (Copyright by the New York World. Pub. LONDON, Aug. 31. (Special cable.) In a leading editorial in appreciation of the work of Herbert C. Hoover on behalf of suffering humanity, the Daily Telegraph says: 'Among the strong ana rusftu i""- sonalities thrown into lelief by the war. Hoover takes a prominent place. A typical American, hardheaded, prac tical and determined, he has borne upon his shoulders most of the grave prob lems connected with food supply and has discharged his duties with a suc cess for which tha world at large owes him the sincerest thanks." Wilson Harris, special correspond ent of the Daily News In Paris, in a more intimate personal sketch, writes: "Hoover, for whom the four years of killing have been four years of keep ing alive, is going home for his first holiday. Since the end of 1914 he has not earned a penny. The work he has done for Belgium, the work he has done for America, the work he has done for. Europe hu3 been done from start to finish at his own charges, and at the end of It all he finds himself, 1 believe, a relatively poor man." Vakimu's School Enrollment 150 0. YAKIMA. Wash.. Aug. 31 (Special.) Enrollment in the city schools here will be 4500 when they open September 22, according to Superintendent Davis. Mcdonald & WYNK00P SHEET METAL WORKERS CERTAIN-TEED ROOFING, ALL KINDS SHEET METAL WORK, ROOFING AND REPAIRING. WATERPROOFING, SKYLIGHT AND CORNICES, VENTILATING. ' SECOND AND MADISON STS. PHONE MAIN 2618. c6d ihmi lCass capital prcvidwuf. 60 per cmA o ...... BREAD The nourishing qualities of this well-proportioned loaf meet the demands of the quickened outdoor appetite. Every ingredient used in this perfect loaf is carefully tested in our laboratory. Your grocer has it. Log Cabin Baking Co. r 5