Morning Oregonian., May 13, 1919, Page 9, Image 9

THE MORNING OREGOXIAX, TUESDAT. MAY 12
1919.
0
MUNITIONS
HISTORY
IS
PREPARED
Stupendous Scope of Ameri
can Projects Officially Told.
WAR SECRETS DISCLOSED
Tinted States Plants Making Mus
tard Gas at Kate of 60 Toils Daily
When Armistice Is Signed.
TVASHIXGTO.V, May 10. An official
narrative of the part American indus
try played in providing' munitions for
the American army in the great war is
unfolded in a book beinp prepared un
der the direction of Assistant Secretary
Crowell, of the war department, who
was director of munitions up to the
close of hostilities, when he was spe
cially assigned by the president to di
rect the demobilization of material.
Advance paces of two sections of the
book, those dealing with the chemicai
"warfare material, offensive and defen
sive, and with the equipment for the
signal corps were made available today,
telling; for tde first time officially and
completely not only of the stupendous
ccope of the projects: but of the diffi
culties and delays encountered and of
the patriotic support of the war pro
gramme given by American business
irenerally.
The chemical warfare section tells of
the original work done by the ordnance
department toward obtaining? toxic
Kases and anti-gas devices for the use
of American troops. Subsequently this
service became a separate branch of
ihe army under the direction of Major
Gcneral "W. I Sibert.
Among other secrets disclosed is the
basis of frequent statement that at
the time of the signing of the armistice,
the United States alone was producing
Rases for military use at a rate of 10
times in excess of the best production
Germany could obtain. The Germans
produced with all their facilities, about
six tons of mustard gas per day, while
the United States was producing more
than 60 tons a day and employing
methods of produotion far more modern
and efficient than anything attained
by the enemy.
Odor Cli-rea Popular Xamt.
There" were three plants at work on
mustard gas, the Edgewood, Md., ar
senal which was manufacturing 30
tons a day by November 11 and had
turned out 711 tons up to that day;
the plant at Hastings, N. T.-, which was
to have a capacity of B0 tons a day
and was ready to operate on November
11 and the 50-ton plant of the National
Aniline & Chemical company, at Buf
falo, N. X., which was 80 per cent
complete.
The chemical name of this compound
Js dischlorethylsurp.lide and its popular
name of mustard gas comes from its
odor.
Another element of the programme
was the production of tear gases, not
deadly under ordinary circumstances,
but designed to produce blindness, thus
forcing the troops to use masks ex
tensively, impairing their military ef
ficiency. The foundation of these
gases was bromine the main supply of
which is obtained from subterranean
solutions found chiefly in the vicinity
of Midland, Mich., where the govern
ment financed the sinking of 17 brine
wells under direction of the Dow Chem
ical company, which were prepared to
supply 650.000 tons a year.
The other chief gases are the so
called "killers." the gases so deadly as
to brine death unless safeguards are
had seen; and they brought these with
them by the millions. A total of
5.250,000 masks was produced, of which
4.000,000 were sent overseas and the
report states that these masks "gave
20 times the protection afforded by the
best German gas masks."
"No American soldier was ever gassed
due to the failure of an American gas
mask," the report says, "and such gas
casualties as did occur were due to the
fact that the masks were not quickly
enough utilized when the gas was
thrown over, or because the soldier was
unaware of the presence of gas."
The original order from the depart
ment was for 25,000 masks to go with
Pershing"s first expedition and the re
port tells in detail of the frantic ef
forts necessary to procure them, efforts
which actually counted for little since
the masks were not used for many
months. At the time the expedition
sailed, however, the British and French
were not thoroughly acquainted with
the gas warfare that was developing
nor had completed effective protection
been worked out. In speaking of the
first German gas attack upon Canadian
troops at Ypres, the report says chlor
ine was used and while protection of
the troops from it later became an easy
matter, "it was only lack of faith in
their new weapons that prevented the
Germans from winning the war with it
then and there."
Development of Gas Masks.
"Had they brought into the fighting
a sufficient supply of this chlorine,"
the report continues, "they might have
gassed their way to Paris In short or
der. As it was, the brought into the
line an almost negligible supply, and
they themselves were insufficiently
protected to go through their own gas
and follow up the attack. By the time
they were able to renew gas wartare.
the French and British had equipped
themselves with masks which were suf
ficient to protect men against chlorine."
The report tells of the development
of gas masks from the original pads
soaked in chemicals to the "box res
pirator" which came into general use.
The Americans and British employed a
double protection mask, the face piece
being gas-tight, but, to insure against
leaks, a mouthpiece and nose clip be
ing supplied also, insuring protection
even in a torn mask. The first order
was for 1.100,000 of these masks for
the American forces.
Subsequently, to provide greater
comfort for the men, it was decided
abroad that a single protection mask
would be sufficient, the risk of. leaky
masks being regarded as preferable to
the discomfort of the double protection
type. When this decision was received
however, on this side, it was decided
to carry forward experiments with new
types of masks which would give both
comfort and security. This was carried
forward to a point where a squad of
150 men in the field testing sectional
most lived in their gas masks, working,
playing baseball, digging trenches,
fighting sham battles day and night in
which actual gas grenades were em
ployed and exposing thmsclves to the
heaviest concentrations of the deadly
gases under all conditions.
Successful Masks Tested.
"The work of this section," the re
port says, "even went so far in the case
of the later designs as to include a test
where six men worked, played and slept
in the masks for an entire week, only
taking them off for 30 minutes at each
meal time, and each day entering high
concentration of the most deadly gases
without injury to the wearers."
The chief ingredient of the protection
against gases is carbon, which absorbs
the gas instantaneously. Cocoanut
shells formed the best supply of car
bon that could be found and the known
world was raked by American repre
sentatives to secure what was needed.
In addition enormous quantities of fruit
pits and other nut shells were secured
and the national campaign to increase
the supply of these ingredients met
with great success. The slogan, "Eat
More cocoanut," the report states, in
creased the consumption in the country
more than 100 per cent in a very brief
period and in October. 191S. the gov
ernment was obtaining from all sources
about 150 tons per day of cocoanut
shells. The fruit canneries of the Pa
cific coast supplied 100 tons a day in
apricot, peach and cherry pits and wal-
Fof
and
Bleeding Gums
use Pebeco but not with a tooth
brush until your gums are better
and your teeth more firmly held.
Simply apply Pebeco Tooth Paste
with your fingertip to gums and
teeth, massaging gums gently.
And see a dentist. .
IP'
TOOTHPASTE
Counteracts "Acid-Mouth"
When your gums are well again,
brush your teeth with Pebeco twice
daily, brushing up and down.
Pebeco also helps ward off ' 'Acid
Mouth," the worst destroyer of
teeth.
Pebeco is sold everywhere. If
you haven't tried it, isn't this a
good time to do so? It keeps
good teeth good. Its use is a
daily pleasure.
Buy
w. s. s.
oym sw is cm a aom Q
Sold by drug-gists everjrvhere
provided, chlorine and chlorpicirin and I nut shells and the campaign led by the
phosgene. The only one of these pro
duced commercially in the United States
was chlorine and even with that the
supply was utterly inadequate to the
demand.
Statistic Are Given.
A statistical table shows that 14S8
tons of chlorpicirin, 420 tons of phos
gene and 190 tons of mustard oil were
actually shipped overseas from January
to November, 191S. In addition 300.000
73-mm shells loaded with chlorpicrin
and 150,000 loaded with mustard oil
went abroad, the shipments including
244,000 phosporus grenades as smoke
bombs and 18.600 phosgene bombs for
Livens mortars. The capacity for fill
ing shells and bombs on the day of the
armistice exceeded 4.800,000 a month.
At that time the practice of shipping
gases in bulk to be loaded into project
iles on the other side had been aban
doned. "AVe therefore shipped to Europe In
fculk." the report states. "3662 tons of
gas or its equivalent, which gas was
largely loaded into shells and used by
the United States troops or those of the
allies. This quantity was sufficient
to load 1.600.000 shells, two-thirds of
them being of the 75-mm caliber and
the other one-third 155-mm, the total
number being thought to be at least
equivalent to the total number of gas
shells fired by American troops in
action.
"Thus while American gas was not
actually fired in American shell against
the Germans, American gas was used
against the enemy and America fur
nished at least as much as she fired.
"In addition to this we shipped IS, 600
liivens drums loaded with phosgene.
These contained 279 tons of gas, and
pome of them were fired at the enemy.1
A table of casualties at the Edgewood
arsenal shows that while only four
men lost their lives from gas at thi
plant, 925 were injured, the bulk of
them, 674, in mustard gas accidents.
Defensive Side Taken Up.
Taking up the defensive side of gas
warfare material, the report shows that
the American troops had "the best and
most protective gas masks the world
American Red Cross to induce the pub
lie to contribute fruit pits and nut
shells was in full swing when the ar
mistice was signed. It is estimated
that 4000 tons of materials was collect
ed by this means.
Among the masks designed and pro
duced were 377,881 horse masks, which
were easier to manufacture, as a horse
breathes always through his nose and
is not as liable to gas poisoning as man.
Other defensive equipment produced in
large amounts included dug-out blank
ets to seal the doors of underground
shelters from gas. and oiled clothing.
underclothing and gloves to protect
from mustard oil. There were shipped
also 45.906 special signal horns to give
warning of gas and more than 60.000
fans to blow the vapor out of trenches
and dugouts.
KEEP IT SWEET
Keep your stomach
sweet today and ward
' off the indigestion of
tomorrow try
IIH10ID!
the new aid to diges
tion as pleasant
and as safe to take.,
as candy.
HADE BT SCOTT & BOWNE
MAKERS OF SCOTT'S EMULSION
MOVIE GRAFT IS CHARGED
Several Managers in ZVew York
Xaroed in Indictment.'
Showing the wide spread of tlje net
whereby Dr. William K. Doyle, head of
the bureau of fire prevention, is
charged with collecting illegal fees
from moving picture houses, it was
learned the other day that the manag
ers of theaters in all corners of Man
hattan Island are named in the indict
ment of Dr. Doyle and his there alleged
co-workers as having "subscribed" to
the Colonial Film Exchange, from
which they never got any film. Among
these managers are Samuel Bock of the
Heights theater on Wadsworth ave
nue, Maurice Needles, interested in a
string of cast side houses; Adolph
Weiss, connected with a, house in the
far east Seventies, and Grant Anson,
of the Comet theater on lower Third
avenue.
Anson says when he first subscribed
to the exchange he thought it was
bona fide business proposition. The
managers of the other houses could not
be reached.
Abraham Levy, attorney for Dr.
Doyle, notified Acting District Attor
ney Alfred Talley that he would apply
to Judge Rosalsky for an order per
mitting him to inspect the grand jury
minutes upon wmch the indictment was
found. Mr. Levy alleges that much of
the grand jury evidence was illegal.
ceedings in the Wyandotte county dis
trict court here, got mad at the open
ing remarks of Attorney Henry Dean,
attorney for the defendant, and started
to leave the courtroom before the case
got under way. Dean was telling the
court that the evidence would prove
that his client, and not the plaintiff,
was responsible for the purchase of
most of the property. That was too
much for Gorman, who had never been
in court before, and as he sat listening
his face turned crimson with anger.
fter he could endure it no longer he
rose and waved his hands, interrupting
the court as he cried in broken English:
'She did not buy the property. I
ought it and I got the notes to prove
it. I won't stay here, this is no trial."
As-he said this he advanced to where
is coat and hat were hanging, put
them on and proceeded to leave the
courtroom. James M. Meek, his attor-
ey, explained to him that what the
other lawyer had just said would have
to be proven by evidence, so Gorman
consented to remain and the trial went
forward without interruption.
BIG FRUIT MERGER COMING
Citrus and Apple Growers Plan
$100,000,000 Combine.
LOS ANGELES A citrus grove and
pple orchard merger, to be known as
the American Fruit Growers, said bv
s sponsors to involve property worth
100,000.000 in the United States, and
20.000.000 in California alone, is an
nounced by J. S. Crutchfield of Pitts
burg, Pa. -Crutchfield is president of
the Cantaloupe Shippers' association.
active in the Northwest Fruit exchange.
nd said to be the largest individual
grower of apples in the United States.
The plan, Crutchfield said, is to
merge citrus interests of California
and Florida and apple interests of va
rious sections, to remove the hazards
associated with the fruit business by
neutralizing the losses of any given
district in an off year by pooling the
profits of the entire territory covered
by the merger.
FOR ACUTE ACHES OF THE FEET
Sprinkle one or two Allen's F"oot-Ease
ymwders in the Foot Bath and soak and rub
the feet. It takes the sting out of Corns
nd Bunions and smarting, aching feet. Then
for lasting comfort, shako Allen's Foot-Kage
into your shoes. It takes the friction from
'ih shoe, rests the feet and makes walking
a delight. Always use it for dancing parties
find to break in new shoes. All dealers
tell lUAdv.
BOY IN PRISON VERY ILL
Singer, Gets Dip
Sing Sing.
Panl Chapman,
tlieria at
NEW YORK. Thirty-five newly ar
rived prisoners from New Tork, ICings,
Nasau and Orange counties were moved
from Sing Sing to Clinton prison at
Dannemora the other day on accoun
of the diphthera quarantine at Sing
Sing.
They stopped at the prison office
only long enough to have their pedi
grees taken. They were several hours
longer than usual on the railroad owing
to the snowdrifts up-state.
Paul Chapman, the youthful Choi
boy of Brooklyn whom Governor Whit
man saved from being executed fo
killing Harry Regensburg. a clerk, i
a Brookly cigar store holdup, is in th
prison hospital suffering with diphthe
ria. There have been about lo cases
thus far.
PLAINTIFF ATTEMPTS BOL
Foreigner Unused to Court Proceed
: ore Loses Temper.
KANSAS CITY. Mo. John Gorman
foreigner and plaintiff in divorce pro
which tried an action by Hewitt to re
cover $2000 from the undertaker.
Hewitt alleged that his feelings were
injured and he was occasioned much
grief and distress because, through the
undertakers' fault, he was not permit
ted to witness the interment of his
15-year-old daughter, who died in the
Jamaica hospital last November. Eld
ridge was engaged to take the body to
a New Jersey cemetery and to super
intend the interment.
Testimony showed that Hewitt ar
rived at the cemetery after the hour
set for the burial. He declared he was
delayed by a tieup on a trolley line,
adn that Eldrldge should have spared
his feelings by postponing the cere
mony until his -arrival. ..
MOURNER WINS SIX CENTS
Father's Feelings Hurt at Daugh
ter's Funeral.
NEW TORK. Six cents damages was
awarded James Hewitt of Bayonne in
consideration of mental injuries received
at the hands of John H. Eldridge, an
undertaker of Woodhaven, L. I., by
a jury in the Cjueens county court.
LIFE IN ARMY FORTY YEARS
Trainmaster at Fort George Wright
Begun at 12 Years.
SPOKANE, Wash. Forty years of
service in the United States army out
of the 52 years of his life is the record
of William R. Hager, trainmaster "at
Fort George Wright, near here. Ex
cept for a short time in Cuba . in 1898,
and a brief stay on the Mexican border
in 1918, Mr. Hager has spent his entire
service with the army in the northwest,
participating in the subjugation of
marauding Indian bands much of that
time.
He became a herd boy for the army
at the age of 12. His father was a
freighter at Fort Coeur d'Alene. after
wards Known as Fort Sherman, near
the present site of Coeur d'Alene. Idaho.
His job was to herd captured Indian
ponies near the fort. Later he became
a freighter and packer for the army,
carrying supplies to the fort or to de
tached forces fighting the Indians.
When Fort Sherman was abandoned
In 1900, Mr. Hager was transferred to
Fort George Wright, which has been
his station ever since.
EIGHT-HOUR DAY DERIDED
Dr. Kliot Says General Application
of Rule Is Absurds ,
BOSTON. Mass. Charles W. Eliot,
president emeritus of Harvard univer
sity, told a legislative committee that
it was "inexpedient, not to say absurd
to attempt to fix by law the same num
ber of hours of labor in each industry,
or Tor an establishments in any in
Where Can I Find Relief From
Itching, Terrifying Eczema?
dustry." He urged that employers ana
mployes should abandon suspicion of
one another and agree 'on a common
plan of action.
When George S. I, add, postmaster or
th slate prancf. wait nskd whi"thr
This Question Is Ever on the
Lips of the Afflicted.
Eczema, tetter, erysipelas and other
terrifying conditions of the skin are
deep-seated blood diseases, and appli
cations of salves, lotions and washes
can only afford temporary relief with
out reaching the real seat of the trou
ble. But just because local treatment
has done you no good, there is no
reason to despair. You simply have
not sought the proper treatment that
is within your reach.
You have the experience of others
who have suffered as you have' to
guide you to a prompt riddance of
blood and skin diseases. - No matter
how terrifying the irritation, no mat
ter how unbearable the Itching and
burning of the skin, S. S. S. will
promptly reach the seat of the trouble
and forever rout from the blood every
.trace of the disease, lust as it hu
for others who have suffered as you
have. This grand blood remedy has
been used for more than fifty years,
and you have only to give it a fair
trial to be restored to perfect health
Our chief medical adviser Is an au
thority on blood and skin disorders,
and he will take pleasure In giving
you such advice as your individua
case may need, absolutely without cost.
Write today, describing your case, to
Medical Department, Swift Specific
Company, 252 Swift Laboratory. At
lanta. Oa Adv.
Chamberlain's Tablets
not only move the bow
els, but also improve the
appetite and strengthen
the digestion.
1 I ji
Hi ln III III HIT Hi" - :J" ' C T ' ' j L " HIIMIIMIII II IIILJI Ul ! IHlllH ll M IIIIIMM Kill L 1 I If
I You can't think of "delicious" or .
II "refreshing" without thinking of j(M
I I Coca-Cola. U I
I B I You cant drink Coca-Cola without being ' fj I
I p I ' delighted and refreshed.
I! The taste is the test of Coca-Cola quality
so clearly divides it from low-grade imita- j
wm tions that you cannot be deceived.
I jjtj I tyi-'yv Demand the genuine by full name I
i n I CiiiliilW nicknames encourage substitution. '
1 11 : J3!m The coca-cola .co: I
ill 1 ATLANTA, GA. jj
J
farmers were in favor of an eleht-hour I to favor a bill for the appointment of
day, he replied: "No: God Almichty has I a spot-ia! commission to investigate the
made farming? so that it cannot bt put
on an oisrh t-hour basis. I'owj and their
milk cannot be so controlled."
Tb speakers app:irrd at a h:rinpr
effects upon the health ami efficiency
of workers .of shorter hours. 1 r. ballot
KaM thnt he represented the Associated
H!3
LSI J !!
Below Your Equator
there is, in the form of the
intestinal canal, a wonder
f ul laboratory, within which
are manufactured the very
materials which are vitally
necessary to sustain life, and
also violent poisons which
directly and indirectly cause
disease and death. '
Food waste, if allowed to
accumulate, stagnates and
gives rise to poisonous mat
ter. This, if allowed to be
absorbed into the blood,
produces 90 of the dis
ease that attacks mankind,
from a transient neuralgia
to a permanent hardening
of the arteries.
Bright's disease, liver
trouble, heart enlargement,
high blood pressure, skin
affections, rheumatism, in
somnia, nervous exhaustion,
mental affections, all may be
caused by such self-poisoning,
the warning of which
is obstinate or habitual con
stipation. Nor is it safe or sufficient
to take castor oil, pills, salts,
mineral waters, etc., in the
effort to force the bowels to
move. Not only will the
constipation grow worse
with the continuance of
such remedies, but the dose
must be constantly in
creased with an ever
weakening effect.
But Nujol acts differently
and successfully. Nujol is
not a drug does not act
like any drug.
Nujol brings about thorough
and natural bowel evacua
tion, at regular intervals, be
cause it helps Nature to re
store and to maintain the
proper mechanism by which
body waste is removed and
its stagnation prevented.
Nujol overcomes constipa
tion by removing its causes.
Get a bottle of Nujol from
your druggist today and send
coupon for free booklet
"Thirty Feet of Danger."
Warning!
Nujol is sold only
in cealed bottles
bearing the Nujol Trade Mark.
Insist oa Nujol. You may suffer
from substitute.
Nujol Laboratories
STANDARD OIL CO. (NEW JERSEY)
50 Broadway, New Yerk
' Trcju la r- m r 7 .
Nujol Laboratories, Standard Oil Co. (New Jer.ey), 50 Broad
way, New York. Please tend me free booklet " Thirty Feet of
Danger" constipation and auto-intoxication in adulti.
Name
Address...
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